revised Oral_Exam_Topics

成考英文作文评判英文：When it comes to evaluating an English composition for the adult college entrance examination, there are several factors that should be taken into account. Firstly, the coherence and cohesion of the essay is crucial. The essay should have a clear and logical structure, with each paragraph connected to the previous one in a meaningful way. Secondly, the use of language is also important. The essay should demonstrate a good command of grammar, vocabularyand idiomatic expressions. Thirdly, the content of theessay should be relevant to the prompt and demonstrate a good understanding of the topic.In terms of coherence and cohesion, the essay should have a clear introduction, body and conclusion. The introduction should provide a brief overview of the topic and the thesis statement. The body paragraphs should focus on one main idea each, and should be connected to theprevious paragraph through transitional phrases or sentences. The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis in a different way.When it comes to language use, the essay should demonstrate a good command of grammar, vocabulary and idiomatic expressions. Grammatical errors should be kept to a minimum, and the essay should use a variety of sentence structures. The vocabulary used should be appropriate for the topic, and should include some idiomatic expressions to demonstrate a good understanding of the language.Finally, the content of the essay should be relevant to the prompt and demonstrate a good understanding of the topic. The essay should provide a clear and concise response to the prompt, and should demonstrate a good understanding of the issues involved. Examples and evidence should be used to support the arguments made in the essay.中文：评价成人高考英语作文时，需要考虑几个因素。

P54-专业英语作业1. Drug Development is a very complex process requiring a great deal of coordination and communication between a wide range of different functional groups.中文翻译:药物开发是一个十分复杂的过程，需要在广泛的不同功能性团队之间进行大量的协调与沟通。

2. It is expensive, particularly in the later phases of clinical development, where studies involve hundreds of patients这个过程（药物开发）这是昂贵的，特别是在临床开发的后期阶段，其中涉及到对数百名患者的研究。

3. It is currently estimated that the development of a new drug costs about $230 million and takes somewhere between7and10years form initiation of preclinical development to first marketing.目前估计,一种新药的开发成本约为2.3亿美元,并且从启动临床前的开发阶段到首次上市，需要花费7到10年4. Drug development is a high-risk business; although the rate is increasing, only about one out of every ten new chemical entities studied in human beings for the first time will ever become a product.药物开发是一个高风险的业务，尽管比率在不断上升，但是在完成了首次在人体研究中的每十个新化学实体中，大约只有一个能成为产品。

远端缺血预处理对皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆患者认知能力的改善作用作者：***来源：《中国医学创新》2023年第26期【摘要】目的：評价远端缺血预处理（RIPC）对皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆（SIVD）患者认知能力的改善作用。

方法：选取2019年1月—2021年1月佳木斯市中心医院诊治的74例SIVD患者，按随机数字表法分为治疗组36例，对照组38例，治疗组进行RIPC治疗，对照组给予安慰剂治疗，为期3个月，比较两组治疗前后认知能力评分、血清炎症因子和磁共振成像参数。

结果：治疗前两组认知能力评分、血清炎症因子和影像学参数比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

治疗后，治疗组霍普金斯词语学习测验修订版（HVLT-R）、受控口头词语联想测试（COWAT）、连线试验A和B（TMT-A、TMT-B）及线方向判断（JLO）评分优于治疗前（P<0.05）；治疗组所有炎症因子均低于治疗前和对照组（P<0.05）；对照组仅HVLT-R和TMT-B评分优于治疗前，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

磁共振成像参数组间及组内治疗前后比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

所有患者均顺利完成治疗，无明显不良反应。

结论：RIPC可在一定程度上改善SIVD患者的认知功能，且无明显不良反应。

【关键词】远端缺血预处理脑小血管病血管性痴呆白质病变认知能力Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Cognitive Ability of Patients with Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia/LI Keying. //Medical Innovation of China， 2023， 20（26）： -126[Abstract] Objective： To evaluate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning （RIPC） on cognitive ability in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia （SIVD）. Method： A total of 74 patients with SIVD diagnosed and treated in Jiamusi Central Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected and divided into the treatment group （36 cases） and the control group （38 cases） according to random number table method. The treatment group was treated with RIPC treatment and the control group was treated with placebo for 3 months. The cognitive ability scores，serum inflammatory factors and MRI parameters of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. Result： There were no significant differences in cognitive ability scores， serum inflammatory factors and imaging parameters between the two groups before treatment （P>0.05）. After treatment， Hopkins verbal learning test-revised （HVLT-R）， controlled oral word association test （COWAT）， trail making test A and B （TMT-A， TMT-B） and judgment of line orientation （JLO） scores in the treatment group were better than those before treatment（P<0.05）; all the inflammatory factors in the treatment group were lower than those before treatment and those in the control group （P<0.05）， in the control group， only HVLT-R and TMT-B scores were significantly better than those before treatment （P<0.05）. Before and after treatment， there were no significant differences in MRI parameters between the two groups（P>0.05）. All patients successfully completed the treatment without obvious adverse reactions. Conclusion： RIPC can improve the cognitive function of SIVD patients to a certain extent without obvious adverse reactions.[Key words] Remote ischemic preconditioning Cerebral small vessel disease Vascular dementia White matter lesions Cognitive abilityFirst-author's address： Jiamusi Central Hospital， Heilongjiang Province， Jiamusi 154002，Chinadoi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2023.26.029血管性痴呆是仅次于阿尔茨海默病的第二常见痴呆病因，约占痴呆病例的15%[1]。

China International Economic and Trade Arbitration CommissionCIETACArbitration Rules(Revised and adopted by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade/China Chamber of International Commerce on February 3, 2012. Effective as of May 1, 2012.)Chapter I General ProvisionsArticle 1 The Arbitration Commission1. The China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (hereinafter referred to as “CIETAC”), originally named the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and later renamed the Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, concurrently uses as its name the “Court of Arbitration of the China Chamber of International Commerce”.2. Where an arbitration agreement provides for arbitration by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade/China Chamber of International Commerce, or by the Arbitration Commission or the Court of Arbitration of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade/China Chamber of International Commerce, or refers to CIETAC’s previous names, it shall be deemed that the parties have agreed to arbitration by CIETAC.Article 2 The Structure and Duties1. The Chairman of CIETAC shall perform the functions and duties vested in him/her by these Rules while a Vice Chairman may perform the Chairman’s functions and duties with the Chairman’s authorization.2. CIETAC has a Secretariat, which handles its day-to-day work and performs the functions in accordance with these Rules under the direction of the Secretary General.3. CIETAC is based in Beijing. It has sub-commissions or centers in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing. The sub-commissions/centers are CIETAC’s branches, which accept arbitration applications and administer arbitration cases with CIETAC’s authorization.4. A sub-commission/center has a secretariat, which handles the day-to-day work of the sub-commission/center and performs the functions of the Secretariat of CIETAC in accordance with these Rules under the direction of the secretary general of thesub-commission/center.5. Where a case is administered by a sub-commission/center, the functions and duties vested in the Secretary General of CIETAC under these Rules may, by his/her authorization, be performed by the secretary general of the relevant sub-commission/center.6. The parties may agree to submit their disputes to CIETAC or a sub-commission/center of CIETAC for arbitration. Where the parties have agreed to arbitration by CIETAC, the Secretariat of CIETAC shall accept the arbitration application and administer the case. Where the parties have agreed to arbitration by a sub-commission/center, the secretariat of the sub-commission/center agreed upon by the parties shall accept the arbitration application and administer the case. Where the sub-commission/center agreed upon by the parties does not exist, or where the agreement is ambiguous, the Secretariat of CIETAC shall accept the arbitration application and administer the case. In the event of any dispute, a decision shall be made by CIETAC.7. CIETAC sets up liaison offices in cities and industries where appropriate. The liaison offices are branches of CIETAC, and may perform the relevant functions in accordance with the written authorization of CIETAC.Article 3 Jurisdiction1. CIETAC accepts cases involving economic, trade and other disputes of a contractual or non-contractual nature, based on an agreement of the parties.2. The cases referred to in the preceding paragraph include:(a) international or foreign-related disputes;(b) disputes related to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and the Taiwan region; and(c) domestic disputes.Article 4 Scope of Application1. These Rules uniformly apply to CIETAC and its sub-commissions/centers.2. The parties shall be deemed to have agreed to arbitration in accordance with these Rules if they have agreed to arbitration by CIETAC.3. Where the parties agree to refer their dispute to CIETAC for arbitration but have agreed on a modification of these Rules or have agreed on the application of other arbitration rules, the parties’ agreement shall prevail unless such agreement is inoperative or in conflict with a mandatory provision of the law as it applies to the arbitration proceedings. Where the parties have agreed on the application of other arbitration rules, CIETAC shall perform the relevant administrative duties.4. Where the parties agree to refer their dispute to arbitration under these Rules without providing the name of the arbitration institution, they shall be deemed to have agreed to refer the dispute to arbitration by CIETAC.5. Where the parties agree to refer their disputes to arbitration under CIETAC’s customized arbitration rules for a specific trade or profession, the parties’ agreementshall prevail. However, if the dispute falls outside the scope of the specific rules, these Rules shall apply.Article 5 Arbitration Agreement1. An arbitration agreement means an arbitration clause in a contract or any other form of a written agreement concluded between the parties providing for the settlement of disputes by arbitration.2. The arbitration agreement shall be in writing. An arbitration agreement is in writing if it is contained in the tangible form of a document such as acontract, letter, telegram, telex, fax, EDI, or email. An arbitration agreement shall be deemed to exist where its existence is asserted by one party and not denied by the other during the exchange of the Request for Arbitration and the Statement of Defense.3. Where the law as it applies to an arbitration agreement has different provisions as to the form and validity of the arbitration agreement, those provisions shall prevail.4. An arbitration clause contained in a contract shall be treated as a clause independent and separate from all other clauses of the contract, and an arbitration agreement attached to a contract shall also be treated as independent and separate from all other clauses of the contract. The validity of an arbitration clause or an arbitration agreement shall not be affected by any modification, cancellation, termination, transfer, expiry, invalidity, ineffectiveness, rescission or non-existence of the contract.Article 6 Objection to Arbitration Agreement and/or Jurisdiction1. CIETAC shall have the power to determine the existence and validity of an arbitration agreement and its jurisdiction over an arbitration case. CIETAC may, where necessary, delegate such power to the arbitral tribunal.2. Where CIETAC is satisfied by prima facie evidence that an arbitration agreement providing for arbitration by CIETAC exists, it may make a decision based on such evidence that it has jurisdiction over the arbitration case, and the arbitration shall proceed. Such a decision shall not prevent CIETAC from making a new decision on jurisdiction based on facts and/or evidence found by the arbitral tribunal during the arbitration proceedings that are inconsistent with the prima facie evidence.3. Where CIETAC has delegated the power to determine jurisdiction to the arbitral tribunal, the arbitral tribunal may either make a separate decision on jurisdiction during the arbitration proceedings or incorporate the decision in the final arbitral award.4. An objection to an arbitration agreement and/or jurisdiction over an arbitration case shall be raised in writing before the first oral hearing is held by the arbitral tribunal. Where a case is to be decided on the basis of documents only, such an objection shall be raised before the submission of the first substantive defense.5. The arbitration shall proceed notwithstanding an objection to the arbitration agreement and/or jurisdiction over the arbitration case.6. The aforesaid objections to and/or decisions on jurisdiction by CIETAC shall include objections to and/or decisions on a party’s standing to participate in the arbitration.7. Where CIETAC or the authorized arbitral tribunal decides that CIETAC has no jurisdiction over an arbitration case, a decision to dismiss the case shall be made. Where a case is to be dismissed before the formation of the arbitral tribunal, the decision shall be made by the Secretary General of CIETAC. Where the case is to be dismissed after the formation of the arbitral tribunal, the decision shall be made by the arbitral tribunal.Article 7 Place of Arbitration1. Where the parties have agreed on the place of arbitration, the parties’ agreement shall prevail.2. Where the parties have not agreed on the place of arbitration or their agreement is ambiguous, the place of arbitration shall be the domicile of CIETAC or itssub-commission/center administering the case. CIETAC may also determine the place of arbitration to be another location having regard to the circumstances of the case.3. The arbitral award shall be deemed as having been made at the place of arbitration.Article 8 Service of Documents and Periods of Time1. All documents, notices and written materials in relation to the arbitration may be delivered in person or sent by registered mail or express mail, fax, or by any other means considered proper by the Secretariat of CIETAC or the arbitral tribunal.2. The arbitration documents referred to in the preceding Paragraph 1 shall be sent to the address provided by the party itself or by its representative(s), or to an address agreed by the parties. Where a party or its representative(s) has not provided an address or the parties have not agreed on an address, the arbitration documents shall be sent to such party’s address as provided by the other party or its representative(s).3. Any arbitration correspondence to a party or its representative(s) shall be deemed to have been properly served on the party if delivered to the addressee or sent to the addressee’s place of business, registration, domicile, habitual residence or mailingaddress, or where, after reasonable inquiries by the other party, none of the aforesaid addresses can be found, the arbitration correspondence is sent by the Secretariat of CIETAC to the addressee’s last known place of business, registration, domicile, habitual residence or mailing address by registered or express mail, or by any other means that can provide a record of the attempt at delivery.4. The periods of time specified in these Rules shall begin on the day following the day when the party receives or should have received the arbitration correspondence, notices or written materials sent by the Secretariat of CIETAC.Article 9 Bona Fide CooperationThe parties and their representatives shall proceed with the arbitration in bona fide cooperation.Article 10 Waiver of Right to ObjectA party shall be deemed to have waived its right to object where it knows or should have known that any provision of, or requirement under, these Rules has not been complied with and yet participates in or proceeds with the arbitration proceedings without promptly and explicitly submitting its objection in writing to such non-compliance.Chapter II Arbitration ProceedingsSection 1 Request for Arbitration, Defense and CounterclaimArticle 11 Commencement of ArbitrationThe arbitration proceedings shall commence on the day on which the Secretariat of CIETAC receives a Request for Arbitration.Article 12 Application for ArbitrationA party applying for arbitration under these Rules shall:1. Submit a Request for Arbitration in writing signed and/or sealed by the Claimant or its authorized representative(s), which shall, inter alia, include:(a) the names and addresses of the Claimant and the Respondent, including the zip code, telephone, fax, email, or any other means of electronic telecommunications;(b) a reference to the arbitration agreement that is invoked;(c) a statement of the facts of the case and the main issues in dispute;(d) the claim of the Claimant; and(e) the facts and grounds on which the claim is based.2. Attach to the Request for Arbitration the relevant documentary and other evidence on which the Claimant’s claim is based.3. Pay the arbitration fee in advance to CIETAC according to its Arbitration Fee Schedule.Article 13 Acceptance of a Case1. Upon a written application of a party, CIETAC shall accept a case in accordance with an arbitration agreement concluded between the parties either before or after the occurrence of the dispute, in which it is provided that disputes are to be referred to arbitration by CIETAC.2. Upon receipt of a Request for Arbitration and its attachments, if after examination, the Secretariat of CIETAC finds the formalities required for arbitration application to be complete, it shall send a Notice of Arbitration to both parties together with one copy each of these Rules and CIETAC’s Panel of Arbitrators. The Request for Arbitration and its attachments submitted by the Claimant shall be sent to the Respondent under the same cover.3. Where after examination the Secretariat of CIETAC finds the formalities required for the arbitration application to be incomplete, it may request the Claimant to complete them within a specified time period. The Claimant shall be deemed not to have submitted a Request for Arbitration if it fails to complete the required formalities within the specified time period. In such a case, the Claimant’s Request for Arbitration and its attachments shall not be kept on file by the Secretariat of CIETAC.4. After CIETAC accepts a case, its Secretariat shall designate a case manager to assist with the procedural administration of the case.Article 14 Statement of Defense1. The Respondent shall file a Statement of Defense in writing within forty-five (45) days from the date of receipt of the Notice of Arbitration. If the Respondent has justified reasons to request an extension of the time period, the arbitral tribunal shall decide whether to grant an extension. Where the arbitral tribunal has not yet been formed, the decision on whether to grant the extension of the time period shall be made by the Secretariat of CIETAC.2. The Statement of Defense shall be signed and/or sealed by the Respondent or its authorized representative(s), and shall, inter alia, include the following contents and attachments:(a) the name and address of the Respondent, including the zip code, telephone, fax, email, or any other means of electronic telecommunications;(b) the defense to the Request for Arbitration setting forth the facts and grounds on which the defense is based; and(c) the relevant documentary and other evidence on which the defense is based.3. The arbitral tribunal has the power to decide whether to accept a Statement of Defense submitted after the expiration of the above time limit.4. Failure by the Respondent to file a Statement of Defense shall not affect the conduct of the arbitration proceedings.Article 15 Counterclaim1. The Respondent shall file a counterclaim, if any, in writing within forty-five (45) days from the date of receipt of the Notice of Arbitration. If the Respondent has justified reasons to request an extension of the time period, the arbitral tribunal shall decide whether to grant an extension. Where the arbitral tribunal has not yet been formed, the decision on whether to grant the extension of the time period shall be made by the Secretariat of CIETAC.2. When filing its counterclaim, the Respondent shall specify its counterclaim in its Statement of Counterclaim and state the facts and grounds on which its counterclaim is based with the relevant documentary and other evidence attached thereto.3. When filing its counterclaim, the Respondent shall pay an arbitration fee in advance according to the Arbitration Fee Schedule of CIETAC within a specified time period, failing which the Respondent shall be deemed not to have filed any counterclaim.4. Where the formalities required for filing a counterclaim are found to be complete, the Secretariat of CIETAC shall send a Notice of Acceptance of Counterclaim to the parties. The Claimant shall submit its Statement of Defense in writing within thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of the Notice. If the Claimant has justified reasons to request an extension of the time period, the arbitral tribunal shall decide whether to grant such an extension. Where the arbitral tribunal has not yet been formed, the decision on whether to grant the extension of the time period shall be made by the Secretariat of CIETAC.5. The arbitral tribunal has the power to decide whether to accept a Statement of Defense submitted after the expiration of the above time limit.6. Failure of the Claimant to file a Statement of Defense to the Respondent’s counterclaim shall not affect the conduct of the arbitration proceedings.Article 16 Amendment to the Claim or CounterclaimThe Claimant may apply to amend its claim and the Respondent may apply to amend its counterclaim. However, the arbitral tribunal may not permit any such amendment if it considers that the amendment is too late and may delay the arbitration proceedings.Article 17 Consolidation of Arbitrations1. At the request of a party and with the agreement of all the other parties, or where CIETAC believes it necessary and all the parties have agreed, CIETAC may consolidate two or more arbitrations pending under these Rules into a single arbitration.2. In deciding whether to consolidate the arbitrations in accordance with the preceding Paragraph 1, CIETAC may take into account any factors it considers relevant in respect of the different arbitrations, including whether all of the claims in the different arbitrations are made under the same arbitration agreement, whether the different arbitrations are between the same parties, or whether one or more arbitrators have been nominated or appointed in the different arbitrations.3. Unless otherwise agreed by all the parties, the arbitrations shall be consolidated into the arbitration that was first commenced.Article 18 Submissions and Exchange of Arbitration Documents1. All arbitration documents from the parties shall be submitted to the Secretariat of CIETAC.2. All arbitration documents to be exchanged during the arbitration proceedings shall be exchanged among the arbitral tribunal and the parties by the Secretariat of CIETAC unless otherwise agreed by the parties and with the consent of the arbitral tribunal or otherwise decided by the arbitral tribunal.Article 19 Copies of SubmissionsWhen submitting the Request for Arbitration, the Statement of Defense, the Statement of Counterclaim, evidence, and other arbitration documents, the parties shall make their submissions in quintuplicate. Where there are multiple parties, additional copies shall be provided accordingly. Where preservation of property or protection of evidence is applied for, the party shall also provide additional copies accordingly. Where the arbitral tribunal is composed of a sole arbitrator, the number of copies submitted may be reduced by two.Article 20 RepresentationA party may be represented by its authorized Chinese and/or foreign representative(s) in handling matters relating to the arbitration. In such a case, a Power of Attorney shall be forwarded to the Secretariat of CIETAC by the party or its authorized representative(s).Article 21 Conservatory and Interim Measures1. Where a party applies for conservatory measures pursuant to the laws of the People’s Republic of China, the secretariat of CIETAC shall forward the party’s application to the competent court designated by that party in accordance with the law.2. At the request of a party, the arbitral tribunal may order any interim measure it deems necessary or proper in accordance with the applicable law, and may require the requesting party to provide appropriate security in connection with the measure. The order of an interim measure by the arbitral tribunal may take the form of a procedural order or an interlocutory award.Section 2 Arbitrators and the Arbitral TribunalArticle 22 Duties of ArbitratorAn arbitrator shall not represent either party, and shall be and remain independent of the parties and treat them equally.Article 23 Number of Arbitrators1. The arbitral tribunal shall be composed of one or three arbitrators.2. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties or provided by these Rules, the arbitral tribunal shall be composed of three arbitrators.Article 24 Nomination or Appointment of Arbitrator1. CIETAC establishes a Panel of Arbitrators which uniformly applies to itself and all its sub-commissions/centers. The parties shall nominate arbitrators from the Panel of Arbitrators provided by CIETAC.2. Where the parties have agreed to nominate arbitrators from outside CIETAC’s Panel of Arbitrators, an arbitrator so nominated by the parties or nominated according to the agreement of the parties may act as arbitrator subject to the confirmation by the Chairman of CIETAC in accordance with the law.Article 25 Three-Arbitrator Tribunal1. Within fifteen (15) days from the date of receipt of the Notice of Arbitration, the Claimant and the Respondent shall each nominate, or entrust the Chairman of CIETAC toappoint, an arbitrator, failing which the arbitrator shall be appointed by the Chairman of CIETAC.2. Within fifteen (15) days from the date of the Respondent’s receipt o f the Notice of Arbitration, the parties shall jointly nominate, or entrust the Chairman of CIETAC to appoint, the third arbitrator, who shall act as the presiding arbitrator.3. The parties may each recommend one to five arbitrators as candidates for presiding arbitrator and shall each submit a list of recommended candidates within the time period specified in the preceding Paragraph 2. Where there is only one common candidate on the lists, such candidate shall be the presiding arbitrator jointly nominated by the parties. Where there is more than one common candidate on the lists, the Chairman of CIETAC shall choose a presiding arbitrator from among the common candidates having regard to the circumstances of the case, and he/she shall act as the presiding arbitrator jointly nominated by the parties. Where there is no common candidate on the lists, the presiding arbitrator shall be appointed by the Chairman of CIETAC.4. Where the parties have failed to jointly nominate the presiding arbitrator according to the above provisions, the presiding arbitrator shall be appointed by the Chairman of CIETAC.Article 26 Sole-Arbitrator TribunalWhere the arbitral tribunal is composed of one arbitrator, the sole arbitrator shall be nominated pursuant to the procedures stipulated in Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of Article 25 of these Rules.Article 27 Multiple-Party Tribunal1. Where there are two or more Claimants and/or Respondents in an arbitration case, the Claimant side and/or the Respondent side, following consultations, shall each jointly nominate or jointly entrust the Chairman of CIETAC to appoint one arbitrator.2. The presiding arbitrator or the sole arbitrator shall be nominated in accordance with the procedures stipulated in Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of Article 25 of these Rules. When making such nomination pursuant to Paragraph 3 of Article 25 of these Rules, the Claimant side and/or the Respondent side, following consultations, shall each submit a list of their jointly agreed candidates.3. Where either the Claimant side or the Respondent side fails to jointly nominate or jointly entrust the Chairman of CIETAC with appointing one arbitrator within fifteen (15) days from the date of receipt of the Notice of Arbitration, the Chairman of CIETAC shall appoint all three members of the arbitral tribunal and designate one of them to act as the presiding arbitrator.Article 28 Considerations in Appointing ArbitratorsWhen appointing arbitrators pursuant to these Rules, the Chairman of CIETAC shall take into consideration the law as it applies to the dispute, the place of arbitration, the language of arbitration, the nationalities of the parties, and any other factor(s) the Chairman considers relevant.Article 29 Disclosure1. An arbitrator nominated by the parties or appointed by the Chairman of CIETAC shall sign a Declaration and disclose any facts or circumstances likely to give rise to justifiable doubts as to his/her impartiality or independence.2. If circumstances that need to be disclosed arise during the arbitration proceedings, the arbitrator shall promptly disclose such circumstances in writing.3. The Declaration and/or the disclosure of the arbitrator shall be submitted to the Secretariat of CIETAC and communicated to the parties by the Secretariat of CIETAC.Article 30 Challenge to the Arbitrator1. Upon receipt of the Declaration and/or the written disclosure of an arbitrator, a party which intends to challenge the arbitrator on the grounds of the facts or circumstances disclosed by the arbitrator shall forward the challenge in writing within ten (10) days from the date of such receipt. If a party fails to file a challenge within the above time period, it may not subsequently challenge the arbitrator on the basis of the matters disclosed by the arbitrator.2. A party which has justifiable doubts as to the impartiality or independence of an arbitrator may challenge that arbitrator in writing and shall state the facts and reasons on which the challenge is based with supporting evidence.3. A party may challenge an arbitrator in writing within fifteen (15) days from the date it receives the Notice of Formation of the Arbitral Tribunal. Where a party becomes aware of a reason for a challenge after such receipt, the party may challenge the arbitrator in writing within fifteen (15) days after such reason has become known, but no later than the conclusion of the last oral hearing.4. The challenge by one party shall be promptly communicated to the other party, the arbitrator being challenged and the other members of the arbitral tribunal.5. Where an arbitrator is challenged by one party and the other party agrees to the challenge, or the arbitrator being challenged voluntarily withdraws from his/her office, such arbitrator shall no longer be a member of the arbitral tribunal. However, in neither case shall it be implied that the reasons for the challenge are sustained.6. In circumstances other than those specified in the preceding Paragraph 5, the Chairman of CIETAC shall make a final decision on the challenge with or without stating the reasons.7. An arbitrator who has been challenged shall continue to serve on the arbitral tribunal until a final decision on the challenge has been made by the Chairman of CIETAC.Article 31 Replacement of Arbitrator1. In the event that an arbitrator is prevented de jure or de facto from fulfilling his/her functions, or fails to fulfill his/her functions in accordance with the requirements of these Rules or within the time period specified in these Rules, the Chairman of CIETAC shall have the power to decide to replace the arbitrator. Such arbitrator may also voluntarily withdraw from his/her office.2. The Chairman of CIETAC shall make a final decision on whether or not an arbitrator should be replaced with or without stating the reasons.3. In the event that an arbitrator is unable to fulfill his/her functions due to being challenged or replaced, a substitute arbitrator shall be nominated according to the same procedure and time period that applied to the nomination of the arbitrator being challenged or replaced. If a party fails to nominate a substitute arbitrator accordingly, the substitute arbitrator shall be appointed by the Chairman of CIETAC.4. After the replacement of an arbitrator, the arbitral tribunal shall decide whether and to what extent the previous proceedings in the case shall be repeated.Article 32 Majority Continuation of ArbitrationAfter the conclusion of the last oral hearing, if an arbitrator on a three-member tribunal is unable to participate in the deliberations and/or to render the award owing to his/her demise or to his/her removal from CIETAC’s Panel of Arbitrators, or for any other reason, the other two arbitrators may request the Chairman of CIETAC to replace that arbitrator pursuant to Article 31 of these Rules. After consulting with the parties and upon the approval of the Chairman of CIETAC, the other two arbitrators may also continue the arbitration proceedings and make decisions, rulings, or render the award. The Secretariat of CIETAC shall notify the parties of the above circumstances.Section 3 HearingArticle 33 Conduct of Hearing1. The arbitral tribunal shall examine the case in any way it deems appropriate unless otherwise agreed by the parties. Under all circumstances, the arbitral tribunal shall。

雅思词汇手册情景1：谈论天气breeze微风damp潮湿的hailstorm雹暴forecast预报Centigrade摄氏度Fahrenheit华氏度misty有薄雾的weatherman预报员drizzle毛毛雨overcast多云的thunderstorm雷雨frost霜冻snowstorm暴风雪dust storm尘暴piercing刺骨的typhoon台风cloudy多云的foggy有雾的thermometer温度计heat-wave热浪sticky温热的chilly寒冷的clear up放晴downpour倾盆大雨rainbow彩虹shower阵雨freezing极冷的sleet雨雪biting wind刺骨的寒风hurricane飓风sandstorm沙暴情景2：民以食为天order叫菜（饭）serve供菜（菜）main course（西餐中的）主菜dessert（西餐中的）甜点leftover剩饭菜snack快餐candy/sweets糖果chocolate巧克力appetizer开胃品banquet宴会feast宴会rare（指肉）未煮熟的local家乡风味roast烤的spoon汤匙oven烤炉waiter男招待delicious鲜美的stale不新鲜的spice香料butcher’s sh op肉店cafeteria自助餐厅dairy乳品店spirit烈酒grocery食品杂货店snack bar快餐店nourishing food高营养食品hamburger汉堡包pancake薄饼pizza意大利比萨饼beef牛肉mutton羊肉sausage香肠carrot胡萝卜onion洋葱peanut花生champagne香槟酒butter黄油fruit水果dressing调料medium中等熟的well-done熟透的hot辣的menu菜单fork餐叉tray托盘waitress女服务生fresh新鲜的juice（水果）汁bakery面包店cafｅ咖啡店,小餐店canteen食堂greengrocery蔬菜小果店coke可口可乐pub小酒情景3：吸烟有害身体健康heavy smoker烟瘾大的人cigar雪茄non-smoking section非吸烟区to stop/give up/quit smoking 戒烟ash tray烟灰缸cigarette香烟，纸烟pack一包（烟）情景4：我要理发barber男理发师hairdresser女理发师shampoo洗发；洗发剂trim剪beauty salon美容院shave刮脸，修面haircut理发，剪头情景5：购物cashier收款员chain-store连锁店consumer消费品cosmetics化妆品jewelry珠宝price tag价格标签saleswoman女销售员shop assistant营业员counter柜台drugstore药店，日用杂货店duty-free shop免税商店grocery食品店leather goods皮货pharmacy药店second-hand shop旧货店show-window橱窗sports goods体育用品window-shopping逛街jeans牛仔裤lady’s wear女式服装crystal水晶earrings耳环lipstick口红battery电池toothbrush牙刷fashion/style款式dressmaker裁缝supermarket超级市场artificial silk人造丝natural silk真丝sportswear运动服装diamond ring钻石戒指necklace项链perfume香水toilet soap香皂toothpaste牙膏fabric织物measurement尺寸情景6：就医free medical care免费医疗dental hospital牙科医院birth-control节制生育surgical department/surgery 外科tablet药片consulting room诊疗室intensive care unit监护室children’s ward儿童病房cancer癌症chronic慢性的acute急性的bleed出血breathless气喘，呼吸困难coma昏迷critical危机的，危重的medical examination体检psychiatric hospital精神病院vitamin 维生素x-ray x光透视clinic 门诊，卫生所emergency room 急诊室waiting room 候诊室isolation ward 隔离病房patient 患者head nurse 护士长cough 咳嗽blood pressure 血压tongue 舌头conscious 清醒的disorder 紊乱，失调dizzy 眩晕fatigue 疲乏，无力fracture 骨折high blood pressure 高血压infection 感染numb麻木的pulse 脉搏sore throat咽喉炎side-effect副作用tumor 肿瘤check –up检查first-aid 急救blood transfusion 输血recurrence复发capsule胶囊syrup糖浆faint昏迷symptom症状high fever高烧immune免疫的nightmare梦魇，噩梦pregnancy怀孕shock昏厥，休克flu流感recover病愈blood test验血diagnosis诊断infection针剂，注射prescribe开处方aspirin阿司匹林pill丸药情景7：大学教育academic degree学位diploma文凭doctor博士graduation thesis毕业论文ph. D. 哲学博士correspondence函授engineering institute工学院dormitory宿舍higher education高等教育kindergarten幼儿园bachelor学士dissertation学士论文doctoral 博士的master硕士past-doctorate researcher博士后elementary school小学nursery托儿所high school中学institution of high learning 高等教育normal university师范教育polytechnic理工科学院primary school小学liberal arts文科graduate school研究生院assistant professor助教faculty大学全体教员instructor讲师，教师postgraduate研究生undergraduate大学在校生Students’ Union学生会curriculum课程大纲resume简历academic year学年semester/term学期accounting会计学geometry几何archaeology考古学biology生物学economics经济学electrical engineering机电工程学genetic engineering遗传工程laboratory试验学journalism新闻学logic逻辑学natural science自然科学physiology生理学social science社会科学statistics统计学course课程preschool education学前教育secondary education 中等教育vocational school 职业教育video-room 录像室associate professor 副教授freshman 大学一年级学生lecturer讲师sophomore 大学二年级学生visiting professor 访问教授visiting scholar 访问学者enrolment 注册入学diploma 文凭scholarship奖学金tuition 学费algebra代数anthropology 人类学arithmetic算术banking 银行学ecology 生态学electronics 电子学finance 财政学geography 地理学geology 地质学linguistics 语言学mechanics 机械学philosophy 哲学psychology 心理学sociology社会学zoology动物学obligatory courses必修课optional course选修课selected course 选修课seminar研讨会syllabus 教学大纲teaching method 教学方法tutor 导师，指导canteen 食堂required courses必修课程major 专业，主修specialize 专修teaching material 教学材料transfer转学，转系campus校园department 系，部情景8：图书馆catalogue目录library card借书卡reading room 阅览室abridged edition节略本classics经典著作biography传记table of contents目录reference 参考资料rare/precious edition 珍藏本popular edition普及版original 原版manual/handbook 手册foreword前言complete works 全集circulation（图书）流通periodicals期刊renewal续刊autobiography自传bestseller畅销书vocabulary词汇revised edition修订版preface 序言pocket edition袖珍版overdue notice 催还书通知masterpiece代表作index索引encyclopedia百科全书情景9：文具ink 墨水fountain pen 自来水笔briefcase公文包calendar日历folder 文件夹stamp图章stationery文具chalk 粉笔envelope信封calculator计算器eraser橡皮，黑板擦glue胶水typewriter打字机情景10：语言与文学author 作者interpreter口译者playwright 剧作家realist现实主义作家translator翻译工作者accent口音diction方言idiom习语linguistics语言学oral English英语口语slang 俚语working language工作语言character（文学作品中）人物heroine女主人公，女主角composition作文describe描写，叙述legend传奇nonfiction非小说类critic批评家linguist语言学家poet诗人romanticist浪漫主义作家personification拟人bilingual双语的dictate听写grammar语法mother tongue母语official language官方语言，正式语言satire 讽刺technical term技术语言written language书面语言hero男主人公，男主角climax高潮depict描述，描写humor幽默literary文学的，文字的paragraph段落plot情节realism 现实主义style 文体theme主题biography传记criticism批评drama 戏剧，话剧epic史诗fiction小说类imagism印象派novel小说prose散文romance传奇文学stream of consciousness意识流verse诗句metaphor隐喻，暗喻，比喻paradox反语productive多产的naturalism自然主义symbolism象征主义contemporary当代的autobiography自传detective侦探式（小说）essay随笔，小品文fable寓言folklore民间传说，民俗学literature文学，文献poem诗poetry诗歌总称romanticism浪漫主义rhyme诗韵figure of speech 修辞exaggeration夸张情景11：住房attic顶楼，阁楼basement地下室chimney烟囱courtyard庭院，后院emergency exit 紧急出口fire-escape 太平梯garden 花园lawn 草坪balcony阳台cellar地窖corridor走廊decorate装修fence围栏，篱笆garage修车厂，车库ground floor底层lease租约rent 房租，租金tenant房客apartment/flat公寓villa别墅drawing room 客厅living/sitting room起居室study书房doorbell门铃staircase楼梯vacant空房skyscraper摩天大楼bathroom浴室kitchen厨房storeroom储藏室toilet厕所curtain窗帘情景12：家具armchair扶手椅couch长沙发rocking chair摇椅dinner table餐桌wardrobe衣柜closet壁橱，储藏室drawer抽屉dressing mirror穿衣镜rug小块地毯bench 长板凳sofa 沙发revolving chair转椅dressing table 梳妆台bookcase书橱cupboard碗柜carpet地毯mattress床垫情景13：家庭用品air conditioner 空调dishwasher洗碗机electric fan 电扇sewing machine 缝纫机microwave stove微波炉shower淋浴refrigerator电冰箱tape recorder录音机vacuum cleaner吸尘器video tape recorder录像机central heating 集中供热，暖气desk lamp台灯fire extinguisher灭火器water pipe 水管switch 开关running water/tap water自来水socket电插头情景14：报刊杂志ads(advertisement)广告background 新闻背景bi-monthly双月刊book review书评bulletin 新闻简报circulation 发行量correspondent 记者deliver 投递documents文件摘要editorial 社论essay随笔financial section （报刊的）金融版domestic news国内新闻interview专访journal杂志lifestyle 生活版monthly月刊nation-wide全国性的popular paper大众化报纸publisher出版者quality paper 高质量的报纸reporter记者around the world 国际新闻版stocks 股市版weekly周报brief简讯campus life校园生活classified ads分类广告daily日报digest文摘editor编辑entertainment 娱乐版evening paper晚报focus 新闻聚焦headline 标题informative 见闻广博的issue发行，（一）期journalist记者mass media大众传播媒介morning paper晨报periodical 期刊press新闻，出版publishing house出版社quarterly季刊scandal 丑闻subscribe订购tourism旅游专版情景15：电影cinema 电影院screen 银幕cartoon 动画片feature film 故事片horror恐怖片newsreel 新闻片scientific fiction 科幻片Western 美国西部（牛仔）片audience 观众director导演film studio电影制片厂Oscar Academy award奥斯卡奖sponsor赞助subtitle 字幕cinema-goers电影观众adapt改编documentary纪录片release发行imported film 进口片original version 原文片silent film 无声电影acting 演技copy（电影）拷贝film festival电影节movie fan 电影迷producer制片人star影星theme song主题歌情景16：电视channel 频道commercial 电视广告relay转播台television broadcasting 电视广播television network电视网violence暴力commentator解说员live现场的remote control 遥控television documentary电视纪录片TV series 电视连续剧情境17：戏剧与舞台aisle 过道box-office 售票处drama 话剧entrance入口lobby休息室rehearsal排演costume 戏装spot light 聚光灯stage舞台effect 效果leading actor 主要演员performer演出者，艺人negative character反面人物street performer 街头艺人announcer 报幕人classical drama古典剧dance drama舞剧comedy 喜剧historical play历史剧musical play音乐剧dress rehearsal 彩排tour 巡回演出ballet芭蕾balcony包厢emergency exit 太平门interval幕间休息opera歌剧soap opera 肥皂剧curtain 幕foot lights脚灯top lights顶灯actress 女演员composer 作曲者playwright 剧作家positive character正面人物amateur 业余的rope-walking走绳索professional 专业的circus 马戏tragedy 悲剧local 地方戏Peking opera京戏farewell performance告别演出acrobat 杂技演出情景18：音乐与歌曲conductor（音乐）指挥家jazz爵士乐pianist钢琴家violin 小提琴beat 节拍concert音乐会harmony和谐，和弦love song 情歌music festival音乐节national anthem国歌orchestral 管弦乐的solo 独唱tune 曲调，旋律chamber music室内乐folk music 民乐musical instrument 乐器march 进行曲rock and roll 摇滚乐waltz 华尔兹，圆舞曲guitar吉他musician 音乐家，乐师trumpet 喇叭，小号accompany伴奏chorus合唱，齐声folk song 民歌high-pitched voice 调门高的嗓音melody旋律musical 音乐剧note 音符rhythm 节奏，韵律tone 音调ballad民谣classical music古典音乐instrumental music 器乐light music 轻音乐popular music 流行音乐symphony交响乐band 乐队情景19：舞蹈ball 舞会costume party化妆舞会dance hall 舞厅group dance 集体舞partner舞伴ballet芭蕾dance drama 舞剧disco迪斯科舞masquerade化妆舞会social dance 交际舞情景20：家庭blood tie血缘关系extended family大家庭generation代，辈nuclear family核心家庭one-parent family单亲家庭adopted child领养的孩子abortion流产juvenile 少年的twin双胞胎family background 家庭出身social origin 社会出身nationality国籍physical status身体状况race 种族signature签名distant relative远亲couple 一对（夫妻）divorce离婚boyfriend 男友fiancｅe未婚夫（妻）groom新郎housewife家庭主妇married 已婚的separated分居spouse配偶widow寡妇adolescence青春期adult成年人birth control计划生育conception 怀孕pregnancy怀孕infancy婴儿期infant 婴儿maturity成熟deceased死者first name/given name名full name 全名physical data身体状况place of birth出生地点religious belief宗教信仰surname(last name, family name)姓氏niece 侄女engage订婚bride新娘girlfriend 女朋友honeymoon 蜜月marital status婚姻状况match-maker媒人single未婚wedding 婚礼immediate relative 直系亲属adopt领养heir继承人，嗣子maternal母亲的,母系的paternal 父亲的,父系的daughter-in-law儿媳妇mother-in-law婆婆等step father继父stepbrother继兄stepsister继姐ancestor祖先heritage继承orphan 孤儿brother-in-law姐（妹）夫等nephew外甥/侄子sister-in-law嫂子/弟媳step mother继母step children 继子女cousin堂（标）兄弟姐妹情景21：个性、情绪与人品character性格disposition性情，性格temperament气质，禀性cordial热诚的，友善的dependable可信赖的enthusiastic热心的detached不偏不倚的genuine 真诚的，坦率的reliable 可依赖的hearty衷心的，热诚的passionate易动情的benevolent仁慈的impartial公正的sincere认真的，真心的warmhearted热心的charitable慈善的，慷慨的characteristic特性，特征，特点care-free无忧无虑的cheerful欢乐的courteous有礼貌的earnest认真的，诚挚的fantastic太好了frank坦白的，直率的pastime消遣，娱乐generous大方的，慷慨的ingenuous天真无邪的disinterested公正的straightforward正值的,老实的,简单的sociable爱交际的trustworthy可信任的compassion同情compassionate有同情心的mild温和的hospitable殷勤好客的unselfish无私的，不谋私利的diligent勤奋的economical节俭的frugal勤俭节约的ingenious心灵手巧的sensible明智的qualified合格的witty机智的，爱说风趣话的shrewd精明的,机敏的thrifty节俭的,节约的curious好奇的hasty鲁莽的，仓促的，草率的impulsive冲动的,莽撞的interfere干涉，干预mischievous调皮的,恶意的indifferent漠不关心的incredible难以置信的unintentional无意的reserved拘谨的，有克制的self-controlled镇静的watchful机敏的anxious忧虑的,发愁的frustrated沮丧的gloomy抑郁的,悲观的grief悲痛，伤心melancholy忧郁的regretful后悔的merciful仁慈的,宽大的thoughtful体贴的humane仁慈的,人道的sympathetic有同情心的tolerant容忍的,宽容的competent有才能的humorous幽默的intelligent聪明的laborious勤奋的sharp-minded机智的half-hearted不认真的talent天才,有才能的人versatile多才多艺的eccentric（人，行为等）古怪的uninformed无知的，不学无术的intrusive大骄人的，闯入的odd古怪的，奇怪的alert机敏的，警觉的cautious谨慎的reluctant不愿意的suspicious多疑的restrained有节制的，拘谨的silent静的depressed压抑的disappointed失望的persistent坚持不懈的down-hearted情绪低落的sentimental多愁善感的moody忧郁的，不快的，易怒的pessimistic悲观的sorrowful悲伤的dreadful可怕的cowardly胆怯的frighten惊恐，使惊恐horrify使恐惧inactive无生气的，不快活的insistent坚持的，显眼的obedient听话的，顺从的disobedient不顺从的obstinate顽固的，固执的persevering 持之以恒的daring大胆的extravagant奢侈的showy炫耀的bad-tempered脾气不好的despair绝望furious狂怒的impatient不耐烦的irritating 气人的offensive讨厌的，无礼的quarrelsome爱争吵的spiteful怀恨的，恶意的upset伤心的hypocritical虚伪的merciless冷酷无情的stingy吝啬的clumsy笨拙的ignorant无知的incapable无能的irresponsible不负责任的sullen抑郁的,沉闷的uneasy焦虑不安的dependent依赖的horrible可怕的humble谦恭的challenging挑战的narrow-minded心胸狭窄的unconcerned不关心的unpunctual不准时的scornful轻蔑的,蔑视的conceited骄傲的,自负的dominant支配的,统治的pretentious矫饰的superficial肤浅的deceitful欺诈的,不老实的dishonest不诚实的hostile敌意的,不友好的indignant愤怒的malicious怀恶意的,恶毒的outrageous勃然大怒的reckless不计后果的troubled烦恼的wicked邪恶的insincere不真诚的snobbish势利的awkward尴尬的,笨拙的forgive原谅ill-advised不明智的incompetent不胜任的neglectful疏忽的thoughtless/careless粗心大意的情景22：时间就是金钱ancient古代的dawn黎明twilight薄暮contemporary当代fortnight两周punctual守时的calendar日历dusk黄昏appointment约会due到期的interval间隔情景23：节假日celebrate庆祝April Fool’s Day愚人节Christmas Eve平安夜Father’s Day父亲节Mother’s Day母亲节turkey火鸡Halloween万圣节前夕New Year’s Eve除夕Santa Claus圣诞老人festival节日Boxing day 节礼日Easter复活节Fourth of July 美国独立日Valentine’s Day情人节Labor Day 劳动节May Day ―五.一‖节Thanksgiving Day 感恩节情景24：体育运动championship锦标赛preliminary预赛quarter-final四分之一决赛final决赛qualifying match预选赛semi-final半决赛tournament锦标赛athlete运动员referee裁判substitute替补队员defending champion卫冕冠军runner-up亚军队national team国家队stadium露天大型体育场gymnasium 健身房，体育馆doubles双打mixed doubles男女混合双打team events团体赛gold medal金牌score比分sportsmanship体育道德penalty惩罚discushigh jump跳高javelin标枪obstacle race障碍跑relay race接力跑badminton羽毛球dull fighting 斗牛cycling 自行车运动gymnastics体操handball手球hunting 狩猎rock-climbing 攀岩rugby橄榄球the knock-out system淘汰赛coach教练spectator观众champion冠军home team 主队visiting team客队arena比赛场grandstand大看台tennis court网球场track跑道singles单打service line 发球线bronze铜牌national record全国纪录silver medal银牌time out暂停broad jump跳远field events田赛项目hurdle跨栏marathon马拉松pole-vault撑杆跳高track and field田径项目boxing 拳击camping 野营golf高尔夫jog慢跑horse race赛马mountaineering 登山platform diving 跳台跳水skate滑冰soccer 足球spectator sport观赏性体育项目water skiing 滑水springboard diving 跳板跳水surfing 冲浪weight-lifting 举重情景25：摄影与绘画camera照相机develop显影focus焦距oil painting 油画sketch 素描canvas画布genuine 真的film 胶片lens镜头landscape风景画portrait肖像water color水彩fake 假的painting brush画笔情景26：业余爱好collection 收藏品chess国际象棋stamp collecting 集邮hobbies 业余爱好bridge桥牌gardening 园艺cards纸牌情景27：邮政与电信address 地址addressor寄件人ordinary mail 平邮postage邮资addressee收件人mailbox邮筒overweight 超重postal code 邮编postcard明信片register登记，注册air mail航空邮寄subscribe订阅cable 海底电报telegraph form电报稿纸stamp邮票envelope信封zip code 邮编express mail快件printed mater印刷品delivery投递postman 邮递员registered mail挂号邮寄seal封号telegram电报express/urgent telegram加急电报telegraph office 电报局confidential机密的personal delivery亲启return address回邮地址local papers地方报纸ordinary/regular/surface mail 普通邮件parcel包裹情景28：打电话dial拨电话cellular phone移动电话intercom对讲装置mobile telephone移动电话public telephone 公用电话switchboard总机telephone directory电话薄city call市话DDD=domestic direct dial国内直拨take a message传话IDD=international direct dial 国际直拨private number私人电话area code 区号busy/engage占线beeper BP机information 查号台operator接线员pager寻呼台Radio Paging Service无线寻呼服务台telephone booth电话亭telephone exchange交换台return address回邮地址emergence call紧急电话free call免费电话long-distance call长途电话official call公事电话bad connection听不清country code国家代码dial/have the wrong number 拨错号get/put through接通extension 分机hang/hold on 稍等（不挂断电话）情景29：住旅馆accommodation 招待bellboy服务员check in 办理入店手续check out 办理退房手续entrance hall 前厅facility设施inquiry desk/counter问事处lobby休息处，大厅reception desk旅客登记处book/reserve预定staircase楼梯laundry要洗的衣服attendant服务员book up 订完double room双人间suite套间escalator自动楼梯a flight of stairs一段楼梯lavatory厕所porter行李搬运工receptionist接待员room service房间服务furnish布置房间vacant空间情景30：观光旅游a long journey长途旅行conducted/guided tour有导游的旅游group inclusive tour包价旅游tourist guide导游package tour包价旅游travel abroad出国旅游architecture建筑air travel 航空旅游domestic tourism国内旅游业international tourism国际旅游业excursion游览on business因公view景色tourist attraction 景点business center商业中心castle 城堡cultural heritage文化遗产landscape风景monument纪念碑pagoda古塔scenery风景scenic风景点statue雕像waterfall瀑布guide book旅行指南church 教堂hot spring 温泉manuscript 手稿natural scenery自然风光place of interest名胜places of historical interest古迹sightseeing 观光summer resort避暑胜地情景31：乘飞机旅行visibility能见度airline航空公司boarding card/pass登记卡business class公务舱economy经济舱的fasten your seat belt系好您的安全带flight班机，航班hijack劫机in-fight meal机上饮食in-flight entertainment机上文化娱乐non-stop flight 直达航班safety/seat belt安全带tourist class经济舱aisle seat靠过道座位crew机组人员airsick/carsick/seasick晕飞机（车，轮船）airport terminal机场候机楼boarding gate登机口compartment舱，箱emergency exit紧急出口first class头等舱flight number航班号码in-flight announcement机上有关事项通知jet lag时差反映non-smoking seat非吸烟席passenger compartment客舱security check安检window seat靠窗座位cabin机舱ground crew地勤人员flight hostess空中小组air-crash飞机失事emergency landing 紧急着陆radar雷达steward乘务员stewardess 女乘务员engine trouble机器故障take off起飞情景32：乘火车旅行railway accident铁路事故railway line 铁路线commuter通勤火车compartment车室non-stop train直达列车passenger train客运列车arrival timetable 到站火车时刻表departure timetable发车时刻表porter搬运工railway bridge铁路桥梁railway traffic铁路交通railway transportation铁路运输express train快车ordinary train 普通列车sleeping car卧铺车厢booking/ticket office 售票处enquiry office (information desk)问事处platform站台waiting room 候车室情景33：出、入境customs 海关passport护照date of entry(departure)入(出)境日期entry visa 入境签证ordinary passport出境签证official passport官员护照service passport公务护照customs declaration 报关visa签证destination目的地diplomatic passport外交护照health certificate 健康证明extension of visa签证延期period of validity有效期re-entry visa再入境签证tourist visa 旅游签证customs duty关税customs official海关官员immigration office 移民局immigration control移民管理duty-free免税residential permit居留证情景34：交通运输ambulance 救护车excursion 旅游列车fire-engine 救火车motor vehicle 机动车辆passenger plane客机shuttle bus区间交通车station wagon旅行车underground地铁driver’s license驾照brake刹车bus stop公共汽车站parking lot 停车场speeding 超速驾车traffic lights交通指示灯traffic sign交通信号means of transportation 运输方式shipment 装船double-decker双层公共汽车express快车lorry 卡车motorcycle 摩托车school bus校车sport-scar跑车subway 地铁truck 卡车exhaust pipe尾气管number plate牌照parking space 停车场所rush hours交通高峰时间traffic jam 交通堵塞traffic regulation 交通规则traffic ticket 罚单cargo 船货transport facilities交通设施情景35：城市生活downtown市区outskirts郊区square广场municipal市的，市立的residential area住宅区block街区crossing 交叉路口highway 公路signpost路标museum博物馆concert hall音乐厅exhibition hall展览厅memorial hall纪念馆freeway高速公路sidewalk/pavement 人行道art gallery 美术馆children’s park 儿童公园cultural palace 文化宫history museum 历史博物馆zoo 动物园情景36：动物——人类的朋友ass 驴bear 熊camel 骆驼cricket 蟋蟀deer鹿dolphin 海豚elephant 大象hibernation 冬眠mammal哺乳动物panda熊猫rabbit 兔子snail蜗牛squirrel 松鼠tortoise乌龟wolf狼bat蝙蝠eagle 鹰lark 百灵ostrich鸵鸟buffalo水牛butterfly蝴蝶cobra眼镜蛇crocodile 鳄鱼dinosaur恐龙dragon 龙frog 青蛙lion 狮子mule 骡子pet 宠物reindeer驯鹿spider蜘蛛tiger老虎whale鲸zebra斑马dove 鸽子goose鹅nightingale 夜莺parrot鹦鹉peacock孔雀pigeon 家鸽skylark 云雀swallow燕子phoenix凤凰seagull 海鸥sparrow麻雀swan 天鹅情景37：植物——人类的家园desert 沙漠植物grassland plant草原植物tropical plant热带植物stem 茎shoot 嫩芽evergreen 长青树maple 枫树pine 松shrub 灌木trunk 树干willow柳树lily百合花sun-flower向日葵garden plant 园艺植物marsh plant 沼泽植物meadow草地，牧场peel 果皮branch 枝jungle 丛林fir杉root根species物种peach桃树，桃子cactus 仙人掌lotus荷花violet紫罗兰情景38：天文学calendar日历orbit轨道solar activity太阳活动solar eclipse 日食sunspot太阳黑子comet彗星light-year光年solar太阳的solar energy太阳能solar radiation 太阳辐射asteroid小行星Jupiter木星Mars火星Neptune 海王星satellite 卫星lunar月球的meteor流星Pluto冥王星Venus金星Lunar eclipse月星情景39：金融account 账户checking account 可开支票的活期存款deposit 存款interest利息cash现金，兑现identification 身份证interest rate利率installment 分期付款commercial bank商业银行trust 信托loan 贷款short-term loan 短期贷款bill of exchange 汇票exchange rate汇率capital 资本inflation 通货open an account 开户current savings account 活期储蓄存款signature 签名withdraw取款denomination 面值close/clear an account 结清账目cashier 出纳员transfer转账investment 投资credit card信用证long-term loan 长期贷款traveler’s check旅行支票cheque(check)支票financial crisis 金融危机currency货币purchasing power购买力情景40：工业annual output年产量by-product副产品building material 建材cost of labor 工资成本construction 建设design 设计manufacture 制造petroleum 石油production capacity生产能力raw material 原材料technology技术technique工艺fumes废气noxious有毒的competition 竞争day shift白班night shift夜班full-time 专职的job interview就业面试lay off下岗occupation 职业professional 职业的part-time job兼职的retire退休skilled work技术工作unemployed失业vacancy空缺workday工作日pay rise加薪bonus奖金salary工资old-age pension 养老保险relief benefits救济金accountant 会计cost of production 生产成本fund资金operation 操作，作业process加工，工序productivity生产率reproduction再加工pollution 污染environmental pollution 环境污染sewage污水fire 解雇hire/employ雇用employment就业idle游手好闲的job center职业介绍所management管理层personnel manager人事经理timber mill木材厂resign辞职secretarial秘书工作strike 罢工unemployment失业work experience/employment 工作经历historyaverage wage平均工资net income净收入free medical treatment 免费医疗pension 退休金welfare fund 福利资金architect建筑师blue-collar worker蓝领工作clerk职员designer设计师industrial worker产业工人manual worker 体力劳动者mental worker脑力劳动者regular worker正式工人seasonal worker季工人white collar worker白领工人aircraft industry飞机制造业thermal power plant热电厂building industry建筑工业chemical industry化学工业coal industry 煤炭业dairy乳品food industry食品工业leather industry皮革工业local industry 地方工业oil industry 石油工业plastics industry 塑料工业machine-building industry机械制造工业rubbery industry橡胶工业textile纺织品handicraft手工艺品bakery面包店chemical fertilizer 化肥film studio电影制片厂hydro power plant水力发电厂paper mill 造纸厂power plant电厂civil engineer土木建筑工程师colleague同事expert/specialist专家laid-off worker下岗工人mechanic机械师miner矿工repairman 修理工technician技术员machinery机械atomic industry原子工业basic industry 基础工业car industry汽车工业clothing industry服装业communication equipment通讯器材enterprise企业iron and steel industry钢铁企业light industry轻工业machine-making industry机器制造工业paper industry造纸工业power industry电力工业rare metals industry稀有汽油金属工业shipbuilding industry 造船业synthetic fiber合成纤维printing house印刷厂broadcasting equipment广播器材cotton mill 棉纺厂furniture factory木器厂oil refinery炼油厂petrol-chemical works石油化工厂shipyard造船厂情景41：农村天地drought-resistant crops抗旱作物grain crops粮食作物high-yield crops高产作物industrial/cash crops经济作物tropical热带的swamp沼泽virgin land处女地dam 堤坝insecticide杀虫剂seed种子cattle牛群raise饲养harvest收获barren贫瘠的fertile肥沃的grassland草地irrigate灌溉plain 平原plateau高原waste land 荒地draining 排水worm虫weed 杂草，除草livestock牲畜stable 马棚情景42：经济brand 商标，牌子business center商业中心economic analysis经济分析finance supporter经济担保人market economy市场经济planned economy计划经济recession 衰退business forecast商情预报compensation 赔偿economic boom经济繁荣capital资本deficit赤字sanction 制裁GDP(gross domestic product) 国内生产总值GNP(gross national product) 国民生产总值receipt 收据bankrupt破产commission佣金，手续费depression营业萧条economic crisis经济危机economic recovery经济复苏foreign trade对外贸易forgery伪造品infant industry新建的工业balance of payment 收支平衡margin 利润，限度operating report 营业报告claim索赔bargain讨价还价client/customer顾客concession让步cost price 成本价格investment 投资invoice 发货票joint venture合资企业marketing销售，推销not for sale 非卖品overseas market海外市场primary market 初级市场purchase购买retail零售rock-bottom price 最低价格on credit 赊账sample 样品secondary market 二级市场supply and demand 供求terms of payment 付款条件installment 分期付款export 出口import 进口transaction交易insurance 保险liability 责任，义务，债务negotiation 谈判contract 合同trade balance 贸易差额catalogue商品目录commodity商品consumer goods消费品dealer商人discount 折扣wholesale 批发asset财产mortgage抵押real estate不动产，房地产bond 债券stock 股份broker纪经人fortune 财富duty （进出口）关税duty free免税的income tax所得税revenue国家收入，税收tariff （进口）税taxpayer纳税人情景43：宗教cathedral 大教堂church 教堂clergyman 牧师，神职人员convert 改变信仰，皈依divine 神的saint 圣人，圣徒Christian 基督教徒confession忏悔minister牧师resurrection（耶稣）复活Muslin穆斯林hell地狱pray祈祷preach 布道，说教priest 牧师religious宗教的sacred神圣的worship崇拜Bible 圣经Catholic天主教的Protestant 新教徒Sin 罪孽Buddhism 佛教paradise天堂情景44：法律amendment 修正案authorize 授权civil law民法criminal law刑法party 当事人enforce 实施，使生效legal 法律的，合法的legislature 立法机构legitimate合法的solicitor律师，法律顾问witness证人，目击property财产attorney律师court法院defendant/accused被告theft偷盗行为judge法官judicial司法的jury陪审团supreme最高法院testimony证明appeal上诉burglar撬门贼convict宣判有罪guilty有罪的mugger拦路抢劫offender犯法者plead申诉shoplifter商店货物扒手commit犯criminal case刑事案件juvenile青少年murder杀人pickpocket扒手sentence/condemn判处suspect嫌疑犯情景45：会议conference 会议assembly大会session会议preparatory conference 预备会议note投票summit meeting 峰会executive board执行委员会standing body常设机构representative 代表candidate候选人observer侦察员agenda议事日程minority少数nomination提名congress大会forum座谈会panel meeting 专门小组会议press conference 记者招待会seminar 研讨会symposium学术报告会policy-making body决策机构confidential ocument 机密文件submit提交sponsor 发起，主动，赞助majority多数minute 备忘录，既要advocate倡议。

口语传播著作Oral communication is a crucial aspect of human interaction, facilitating the exchange of ideas, feelings, and information. It involves the use of spoken language to convey messages, often in real-time, and can occur in various settings, such as conversations, presentations, and debates.口语传播是人类互动的关键环节，它促进了思想、情感和信息的交流。

它涉及使用口头语言来传达信息，通常是实时的，可以在各种场合进行，如对话、演讲和辩论。

The power of oral communication lies in its immediacy and personal touch. Unlike written communication, which can be edited and revised, oral communication is spontaneous and direct, often reflecting the speaker's genuine thoughts and emotions. This directness can be highly effective in establishing connections, influencing others, and even shaping opinions.口语传播的力量在于其即时性和个人色彩。

与书面交流不同，书面交流可以编辑和修改，而口语传播是自发和直接的，通常能反映说话者的真实想法和情感。

这种直接性在建立联系、影响他人甚至塑造观点方面非常有效。

2024年同等学力硕士学位考试英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Master's Degree Examination for Academic Degree in 2024The Master's Degree Examination for Academic Degree is an important assessment for students to obtain a higher academic degree. In 2024, the examination will continue to be a challenging and rigorous test for candidates. The purpose of this examination is to evaluate the candidates' knowledge, skills, and abilities in their chosen field of study.The examination will consist of various components, including written exams, oral exams, and research projects. The written exams will test the candidates' understanding of key concepts, theories, and methodologies in their discipline. The oral exams will assess the candidates' ability to articulate their ideas and arguments effectively. The research project will require candidates to conduct independent research and present their findings in a clear and coherent manner.In order to prepare for the Master's Degree Examination for Academic Degree in 2024, candidates should start studying early and develop a deep understanding of their chosen field of study. They should review key concepts, theories, and methodologies and practice applying them to different scenarios. Candidates should also seek feedback from professors and peers to improve their writing and presentation skills. Additionally, candidates should engage in critical thinking and problem-solving exercises to prepare for the analytical components of the examination.Overall, the Master's Degree Examination for Academic Degree in 2024 will be a challenging but rewarding experience for candidates. By preparing early and developing a strong understanding of their chosen field of study, candidates can increase their chances of success and achieve their academic goals.篇2Title: The Master's Degree Examination for the Same Academic Qualifications in 2024IntroductionIn 2024, the Master's Degree Examination for the Same Academic Qualifications is a competitive and rigorous exam thattests students' knowledge, skills, and abilities in various subjects. The exam aims to ensure that all candidates have the necessary qualifications and academic abilities to pursue a Master's degree in their chosen field.Overview of the ExaminationThe Master's Degree Examination for the Same Academic Qualifications in 2024 consists of multiple-choice questions, essays, and practical exams. The exam covers a wide range of subjects, including English, mathematics, science, social studies, and more. Candidates must demonstrate their proficiency in each subject to pass the exam and qualify for a Master's degree program.Preparation for the ExaminationTo prepare for the Master's Degree Examination for the Same Academic Qualifications in 2024, candidates must study diligently and review all relevant materials. They should focus on key concepts, theories, and applications in each subject to ensure they are well-prepared for the exam. Additionally, candidates should practice solving sample questions and taking mock exams to build their confidence and test-taking skills.Taking the ExaminationOn the day of the exam, candidates must arrive early, bring all necessary materials, and follow all exam regulations. They should read the instructions carefully, pace themselves during the exam, and manage their time effectively. Candidates should answer each question to the best of their ability and use critical thinking and problem-solving skills to tackle complex problems.Results and Next StepsAfter completing the Master's Degree Examination for the Same Academic Qualifications in 2024, candidates will receive their scores and can proceed to apply for Master's degree programs at various universities and institutions. Candidates who pass the exam with high scores will have more opportunities and choices for their academic and professional future.ConclusionThe Master's Degree Examination for the Same Academic Qualifications in 2024 is a challenging yet rewarding opportunity for students to demonstrate their academic abilities and qualify for advanced education. By studying diligently, preparing effectively, and taking the exam with confidence, candidates can achieve success and unlock new opportunities for their future career and personal development.篇3The Master's Degree Examination for Same Academic Qualifications in 2024 is an important milestone for many individuals who are seeking to further their education and careers. This examination is a test of one's knowledge, skills, and abilities in a specific field of study and is a requirement for obtaining a Master's degree. In this article, we will explore the significance of this examination and provide some tips on how to prepare for it effectively.The Master's Degree Examination for Same Academic Qualifications in 2024 is designed to assess the candidate's understanding of the core concepts and principles of their chosen discipline. It tests their ability to apply this knowledge in real-world situations and solve complex problems. The examination covers a wide range of topics, including theory, methodology, analysis, and synthesis. It also evaluates the candidate's ability to communicate effectively, both in written and oral form.To succeed in the Master's Degree Examination for Same Academic Qualifications in 2024, candidates must start preparing early and develop a study plan that covers all the relevant topics. They should review their course materials, textbooks, and notes,and practice answering sample questions to get a sense of the exam format and difficulty level. Candidates should also seek guidance from their professors, advisors, or mentors to help them prepare effectively for the examination.During the examination, candidates should carefully read the questions and allocate their time wisely to ensure they can answer all questions within the allotted time. They should use clear and concise language and provide relevant examples to support their arguments. Candidates should also revise their answers before submitting them to check for any errors or missing information.Overall, the Master's Degree Examination for Same Academic Qualifications in 2024 is a challenging but rewarding experience that can help individuals advance their careers and achieve their academic goals. By following these tips and preparing effectively, candidates can increase their chances of success and demonstrate their knowledge and skills in their chosen field of study.。