《烧伤病人麻醉》PPT课件
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* 第二十四章烧伤病人的麻醉 * 一、烧伤病人的早期救治 1、现场急救迅速终止烧伤过程温水(±15℃)冲洗20~30min2、初期观察和治疗判断意识(Glasgow昏迷评分)人工和控制呼吸吸入损伤吸入CO的病人不能以观察SpO2来判断病人缺氧程度血气分析判断出血和循环低血容量休克心动过速低血压未烧伤肢体Cap.充盈时间延长建立静脉通路选择未烧伤肢体的静脉静脉切开(隐静脉股静脉)骨髓内输注输入加温的乳酸林格溶液抽血备检(基础值 COHb)烧伤面积评估中国九分法成人头颈 1×9% 双上肢 2×9% 躯干前后 2×13% 会阴部 1% 双下肢 5 ×9%+1% 小儿躯干和双上肢与成人相似头颈 9%+(12-年龄)% 双下肢 46%+(12-年龄)手掌法五指并拢占 1%体表面积烧伤严重程度分类轻度<9%的Ⅱ度烧伤中度总面积10%~29% 或<10%的Ⅲ度烧伤重度总面积30%~49% 或10%~19%的Ⅲ度烧伤或总面积<30%但合并以下之一全身情况较重/休克复合伤中、重度吸入性损伤特重总面积≥50% 或≥20%的Ⅲ度烧伤 3、液体治疗及监测液体复苏对象成人烧伤面积>15% 儿童烧伤面积>10% 烧伤补液计算成人首24h总量=烧伤面积(%)×体重(kg)×1.5ml+2000ml 儿童首24h总量=烧伤面积(%)×体重(kg)×2ml +X ml 补液方法首8h输1/2总量后2个8h各输1/4总量液体复苏效果:尿量成人>0.5vml/kg/h 儿童>1ml/kg/h 血压回升稳定二、烧伤病人与麻醉有关的病理、生理和药理改变气道循环烧伤后的立即反应是体液渗出,持续36~48h;小面积浅度烧伤,渗出有限,不影响有效循环血量;大面积深度烧伤,大量渗出可导致急剧低血容量性休克;渗出规律:渗出是逐步的,伤后2~3h最剧,8h达高峰,后渐慢,至48h渐趋恢复,渗出于组织间的水肿液开始回收,血压趋向稳定,尿量开始增多。
烧伤病人的麻醉课件第二十四章烧伤病人的麻醉Anesthesia of burnAnesthesia of burnpatientpatientAnesthesia Department of MudanjiangMedical University本章重点内容本章重点内容烧伤面积的估计烧伤面积的估计烧伤严重程度的分类烧伤严重程度的分类烧伤病人的液体治疗及监测烧伤病人的液体治疗及监测烧伤病人常用麻醉方法烧伤病人常用麻醉方法Part oneInitial therapy of burn Part oneInitial therapy of burn patientpatientEmergencyEmergency Quickly end the process,wash for20-30Quicklyend the process,wash for20-30minutes.minutes.Initial indagation and therapyInitial indagation and therapyInitial indagationInitial indagationObtain the medical histry and perform physicalObtain the medical histry and perform physicalexamination.examination.Initial resuscitation should begin with attentionInitial resuscitation should begin with attentionto the airway ,breathing,and circulation.to the airway ,breathing,and circulation.1.Airway and cervical vertebra1.Airway and cervical vertebra2.Artifical breathing and controlled respiration2.Artifical breathing and controlled respiration人工呼吸人工呼吸控制呼吸 (controlled ventilation )控制呼吸 (controlled ventilation )? 3.Control bleed and 3.Control bleed andcirculationcirculation Haemostasis Haemostasis Judge blood, pulesJudge blood, pulesand periphericand periphericperfusion perfusion Intravenous fluids Intravenous fluids4.Judge consciousness4.Judge consciousness5Expose and estimate area of burn5Expose and estimate area of burnThe severity of a burnThe severity of a burndepends on the depth anddepends on the depth andarea of body surface involvedarea of body surface involvedMortality increases with burnMortality increases with burnseverity and advancing ageseverity and advancing age estimate area of burn :estimate area of burn以烧伤区占体表面积的%表示,国内有中国新九分法和手掌法。