形容词详解
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词汇复习 形容词
常考点清单
一、形容词的用法及位置
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。
1. (1) 作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后。
He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一间漂亮的房子里。
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)+描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)+出处+材料+类别+名词
her red cotton skirt 她红色的棉外套
an expensive Chinese sports car 一辆昂贵的中国跑车
(2) 有少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语,如alone, live, asleep, afraid, alike, alight,
ashamed, drunk, ill, well, unable, sure.
(3) 有少数形容词只能作定语,不能作表语,如little, live(活的), elder, eldest.
2. 作表语,放在系动词 (be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem
等) 之后。
His idea sounds great. 他的主意听起来很棒。
3. 作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。
They keep the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。
4. 形容词的名词化
有些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人,常见的有good / bad, rich / poor,
young / old, deaf / blind, black / white, living / dead, beautiful / good 等。
The old should be taken good care of. 老年人应该受到很好的照顾。
二、形容词比较等级的构成:原级、比较级和最高级
1. 规则变化
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词末尾加er或est young
short younger
shorter youngest
shortest
以不发音的字母e 结尾,只加r或 st wide
large wider
larger widest
largest
以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母再加er或est big
red bigger
redder biggest
reddest
以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为
i,再加er或est heavy
busy heavier
busier heaviest
busiest
其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加上
单词more或most important
interesting more important
more interesting most important
most interesting
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good / well better best
bad / badly / ill worse worst
old older / elder oldest / eldest
many / much more most
little less least
far farther / further farthest / furthest
三、形容词原级的用法
1. 用于“as...as”结构,表示比较双方程度相等,意思是“„„和„„一样”。
He is as tall as his father. 他和他的父亲一样高。
2. 表示“不如”或“不相等”,用“not + as/so...as”结构。
This picture is not so good as that one. 这幅画不如那幅好。
3. 表示“A是B的„„倍”时,用“A…+倍数+ as +形容词原级+ as + B”结构。(一半:
half, 一倍: once, 两倍: twice, 三倍及以上:数字+times)
Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。
4. 有表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用形容词原级。
The film is too boring. 这部电影太无聊了。
四、形容词比较级的用法
1. 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A… +比较级+ than + B”。(注意比较的对象要一致)
My bike is more beautiful than hers. 我的自行车比她的自行车更漂亮。
2. 有表示程度的副词 a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时,用形容词比较级。
It is even colder today. 今天甚至更冷了。
3. 表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更„„”时,用句型“which/who is +形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。
Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近,月亮还是地球?
4. 表示“两者之间最„„的一个(of the two)”时,常用“the +比较级”结构。
He is the thinner of the two. 他是两个中较瘦的那个。
5. 表示“越来越„„”时,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+ and +比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more +形容词原级”。
It’s becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。
6. 表示“越„„就越„„”时,用“the +比较级,the +比较级”结构。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。
五、形容词最高级的用法
1. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in / of短语来表示范围。
This picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有的画中最好的。
2. 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who is + the +最高级, A,B or C?”结构。
Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆,凯特,比尔,哪个最高?
3. 表示“最„„的„„之一”时,用“one of the +形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。
Miss Xu is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 徐老师是这所学校中最受欢迎的老师之一。
4. 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最„„”。
She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我们班第二高女生。
5. 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用加定冠词the。
She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。
6. 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
He is taller than any other boy in our class. = He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的男生。
[题组训练] 用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. We have sent some books to the children in that village. However, they still need ______
(many).
2. At the ______ news, all of us were ______.(excite)
3. Nothing in the world is______ (possible) if you set your mind to do it.
4. The ______ (much) you eat, the ______ (fat) you will be.
5. Mrs. Scott was worried about both of her sons, especially the ______ (young) one.
易混点清单
一、-ing形容词和-ed形容词
-ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句
surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 The story has a surprising end.
He is surprised at the news.
interesting 有兴趣的 interested 感到兴趣的 There are many interesting places in
Beijing.
I’m interested in what he says.
exciting 令人兴奋的 excited 感到兴奋的 They jumped when they heard the
exciting news.
We are excited about the match.
pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快、满意的 It is a pleasing trip.
If you jump the queue, others will not be
pleased.
frightening 令人恐惧的 frightened 感到恐惧的 The girl cried because of the frightening
story.
He is frightened of the ghost.