英语文体学1
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英语⽂体学1
English Stylistics
英语⽂体学Course Introduction
Course title: English Stylistics
Course hours: 2 per week, 34 in total
Assessment:
1. Attendance
2. After-class preparation for related topics
3. In-class performance and involvement
4. Quiz
5. Final exam
Teaching Objectives:
Have a systematic knowledge of the features of different varieties of language
Make appropriate use of language in our communication
Familiarize ourselves with the stylistic features of the different genres of literature
Deepen our understanding and appreciation of literary works
Offer useful ideas on translation and language teaching
Textbook: English Stylistics(英语⽂体学)
Other reference books:
Introduction to English Stylistics《英语⽂体学引论》(丁往道王佐良)
Essentials of English Stylistics 《英语⽂体学要略》(王守元)Practical English Rhetoric《实⽤英语修辞》(吕煦)
English Stylistics: A New Course book 《新编英语⽂体学教程》(董启明)
Course content:
本课程从英语学习的实际要求出发介绍有关英语⽂体和语体的基础知识,属于普通⽂体学的范畴。我们讨论的重点是英语中已经形成的各种变体,例如因交际媒介不同⽽形成的⼝语语体和书⾯语体;因语⾔的使⽤领域不同⽽形成的各种功能变体(⼴告语体、新闻语体、法律语体、会话语体、科技语体等);因交际者双⽅关系不同⽽形成的正式语体和⾮正式语体等。Chapter 1 The Concern of Stylistics
Definition of Style
Origin: Style originates from a Latin word stilus, it means:
An instrument made of metal, bone, etc., having one end sharp ended for incising letters on a wax tablet, and the other flatand broad for smoothing the tablet and erasing what is written: = stylus
Different understandings of style nowadays:
Style may refer to a person?s distinctive language habits. Eg. …Shakespeare?s style?, …Hemingway?s style?, …Lu Xun?sstyle?, etc..
Style may refer to a set of collective characteristics of language use, i.e. language habits shared by a group of people at agiven time, as…Elizabethan style?, …Yankee humor?.
Style may refer to the effectiveness of a mode o f expression. “Saying the right thing in the most effective way”.
Style may refer solely to a characteristic of …good? or …beautiful? literary writing.
Style may be seen as the various characteristic uses of language that a person or group of persons make in various socialcontexts.
⽂体⼜可理解为风格,既可指⼀个作家运⽤语⾔的特⾊,⼜可指某个时代盛⾏的⽂风;既可指某种语篇体裁的语⾔特征,⼜可指某篇作品的语⾔格调和表现风格。狭义的⽂体指⽂学⽂体;⼴义的⽂体则指包括⽂学⽂体在内的各种语⾔变体。Definition of Stylistics
It is a discipline that studies the sum of stylistic features characteristic of the different varieties of language. It includes:
The situational features that influence variations in language use
The criterion for the classification of language variety
The description and interpretation of the linguistic features and functions of the main varieties of language
Stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific and systematic way concerning the manners andlinguistic features of different varieties of language at different levels.
英语⽂体学是⼀门运⽤现代语⾔学的理论和⽅法,结合⽂学理论知
识,研究各种英语变体的学科。Modern stylistics has two subdivisions: general stylistics and literary stylistics. …Stylistics? in this book, is general stylistics.(普通⽂体学和⽂学⽂体学)
The relationship between general stylistics and literary stylistics. (see the figure on page2)
Langue and parole(语⾔和⾔语):
Langue is the system of rules common to speakers of a particular language.
Parole is the particular uses of this system, or selections from this system, that a person or group of persons will make on thisor that occasion. Style belongs to parole.It consists in choices from the total linguistic repertoire of a particular language.
语⾔:语⾔是⼈类重要的交际⼯具,也是正常⼈赖以思维的⼯具,语⾔是⼀种符号系统,它包括语⾳系统、词汇系统、语法系统。⾔语:是⼈们在交际和活动中应⽤⾔语的过程和产物。
语⾔是社会⽣活的客观现象,有规则性;同时,语⾔的语⾳系统、词汇系统和语法系统是从全体社会成员⾔语交际中抽像概括出来的,⼀经产⽣就有较⼤的稳定性,随社会的发展⽽发展。
⾔语是⼼理物理现象,具有个体性和多变性,不仅每个⼈都有⾃⼰的⾔语风格,⽽且同⼀个⼈在不同的场合其⾔语的表达⽅式也不同。
联系:
语⾔和⾔语⼜是密切联系的。⾔语不可能离开语⾔⽽存在。离开语⾔这种⼯具,⼈就⽆法表达⾃⼰的思想或意见,也就⽆法进⾏交际活动。语⾔也离不开⾔语,因为任何⼀种语⾔都必须通过⼈们的⾔语活动才能发挥其交际⼯具的作⽤;⼀旦某种语⾔不再被⼈们⽤来进⾏交际,终究要从社会上消失掉。
总之:语⾔是全民的、概括的、有限的、静态的系统(知识);⾔语是个⼈的、具体的、⽆限的、动态的现象(话语)。More terms defined:
Language
Speech acts(⾔语⾏为)
Actions as carried out through language.
Speech events(⾔语活动/⾔语事件):
Social activities in which language plays an important role such as conversation, discussion, lecture, etc..Aspect of speech events: substance, form and situation
Text(⽂本)
Verbal communication (either spoken or written) seen as a message coded in a linear pattern of sound waves, or in a linearsequence of visible marks on paper.
Language functions:
Ideational or referential function(表达说话者经验的概念功能) Interpersonal or expressive/social function(表达说话者态度、评价以及
交际⾓⾊之间关系的⼈际功能) Textual function(组句成篇的语篇功能)