动词时态、语态和主谓一致+讲义-2024届高三英语一轮复习
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动词时态、语态和主谓一致 高三英语一轮复习
考点剖析-动词时态、语态和主谓一致
考点一:考查过去进行时
例1.I first met Lily five years ago. She ________ (work)
as a nurse in a hospital at the time.
【答案】was working
【解析】考查时态。句意:我五年前第一次见到莉莉。她当时正在一所医院里做护士。根据句意和时间状语 at
the time 可知,这里用过去进行时,强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,主语为she,谓语用单数。故填was working。
考点二:考查一般过去时
例2. He picked up his book and ________ reading even
though it was already midnight. (continuous)
【答案】continued
【解析】考查时态。句意:他拿起书继续阅读,尽管已经是午夜了。所给单词continuous是形容词,表示“持续的”,分析句子机构,空处与picked并列作谓语,应用动词continue,表示“继续”,根据picked使用过去式形式可知,句子使用一般过去时,动词应用过去式形式continued。故填continued。 考点三:考查现在进行时
例3.—Hi, Jessy. Why are you going to work on foot
today?
—Well, my car ________. (repair)
【答案】is being repaired
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:——你好,杰西。你今天为什么要步行去上班?——嗯,我的车正在修理。根据句意提到步行上班可知,此处表示:车在修理中,时态用现在进行时,主语my car与repair(修理)之间为被动关系,所以用现在进行时的被动语态。主语my car为单数,be动词用is。
考点四:考查现在完成时
例4.The city ________ (recognize) as the musical capital
of Europe since the 16th century, home to the likes of Mozart
and Beethoven.
【答案】has been recognized
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:自16世纪以来,这座城市一直被认为是欧洲的音乐之都,莫扎特和贝多芬等人的故乡。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据后文since the 16th
century可知为现在完成时的被动语态。助动词用has。故填has been recognized。 考点五:考查状语从句主将从现用法
例5.If it is sunny tomorrow, I _________ (wash) my
clothes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will wash
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:如果明天天晴,我会洗衣服。主句描述将来的动作,用一般将来时,从句用现在时表将来。故填will wash。
考点六:考查系表结构主动形式被动意义
例6. —Take this medicine three times a day, Tom.
—Do I have to take it? It ________ (taste) so
terrible.
【答案】tastes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:——Tom,这个药每天吃三次。——我非得吃吗?它尝起来太糟糕了。taste在此用作系动词,用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义。it作主语,谓语为单数形式。故填tastes。
考点七:考查主谓一致用法
例7.Large amounts of money ________(be) spent on
the bridge last year.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:去年,大笔的钱被花在这座桥上。根据时间状语last year可知,动作发生在过去,句子应用一般过去时,Large amounts of表示“许多”,后接名词作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式,所以be动词应用were。故填were。
考点八:考查被动语态用法
例8.When the car stopped in the town square, it
________ (surround) by soldiers immediately.
【答案】was surrounded
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:当这辆车停在城镇广场时,立刻被士兵包围了。空处在主句中做谓语,由when引导的状语从句的谓语动词stopped可知,句子描述的是过去的事,主句也应用一般过去时,主语是it,且和动词surround(包围)二者之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动。故填was surrounded。
考点九:考查虚拟语气错综条件句用法
例9.(2019·江苏卷)What a pity! You missed the
sightseeing, or we _________(have) a good time together.
【答案】would have had
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故填would have had。
考点十:考查虚拟语气在特定句型中用法
例10.(2018·江苏)There is a good social life in the
village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to
become more involved.
【答案】 had
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故填had。
动词时态、语态
阅读下面句子,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Mr. Crossett was made ___________(give) up his
teaching because of his poor health and old age.
【答案】to give
【解析】考查动词短语辨析和不定式。句意:克罗塞特先生由于身体不好和年纪大而被迫放弃了教学工作。give up放弃;give in屈服,让步,根据“ because of his poor
health and old age”可知此处表示“放弃”,另外,此处是make sb do的被动结构,要将省略的不定式符号to还原,即“sb. be made to do”。故填to give。
2.So far this year, no measures ________ (take) against
cruelty to animals despite their protest in the newspaper.
【答案】have been taken
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:今年到目前为止,尽管他们在报纸上抗议,但没有采取任何措施反对虐待动物。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文So far this year可知为现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been taken。
3.When he finally raised the money for the violin, he
returned to buy it but learned that it _______(sell) to a
collector.
【答案】had been sold
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:当他最终筹集到买小提琴的钱时,他回去买了它,但是得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。分析句子可知,句中“that it ________ to a
collector”为宾语从句,作动词learn的宾语,it指代前文提到的violin,从句it与动词sell为动宾关系,且动作发生在learn之前,所以空处用过去完成时的被动语态,故填had been sold。
4.Emmy______________(concern) about her son’s
safety, so she kept walking round in the room.
【答案】was concerned
【解析】考查时态。句意:埃米担心儿子的安全,所以她一直在房间里走来走去。该空用作谓语,be concerned
about (关心,挂念),结合谓语kept,该空用一般过去时。故填was concerned。
5.I _____________(appoint) to monitor the business in
that branch of our factory last week.
【答案】was appointed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:上周我被派去监督我们工厂那个分公司的业务。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,时间状语为last week,句子时态应用一般过去时,appoint和主语I之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语是I,be动词需用was。故填was
appointed。
6.So far, large amounts of money ______ (donate) to
charity for the rescue work in Turkey.
【答案】have been donated
【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,已经为土耳其的救援工作向慈善机构捐赠了大量资金。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作谓语,因与主语之间为被动关系,使用被动语态,根据时间状语So far可知,空白处应使用现在完成时的被动语态,主语money有large amounts of修饰,助动词用have。故填have been
donated。
7.Every year, the moment I get on the train, I________
(surround) by Shanxi accents.
【答案】am surrounded
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:每年,当我上火车的那一刻,我都被山西口音所包围。分析句子可知,空格处作谓语。根据时间状语从句the moment I get on the
train可知,此处应用一般现在时;主语I与动词surround是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。故填am surrounded。
8.How many magazines can ________(borrow) from
your library every week?
【答案】be borrowed
【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:你们图书馆每周可以借几本杂志? 分析可知,“can ________
(borrow)”为句子的谓语部分,且所填动词“borrow”与主语“magazines”之间为被动关系,应是含有情态动词的被