厦门大学考博英语-6_真题-无答案

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题You could refuse to_______your Social Security number except for Social Security purposes,which is all that the law requires.问题1选项A.expoundB.divulgeC.apprehendD.unriddle【答案】B【解析】expound详细说明, 解释; divulge泄露, 暴露; apprehend领会, 理解; unriddle阐明。

句意：你可以拒绝透露你的社会保险号，除非是出于社会保障的目的，这是法律的规定。

选项B符合句意。

2.案例题As researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, ail the factors which are part of intelligence — the child's understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity—are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language-related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.In view of their power it's sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child's intelligence. Until recently parents had been warned by educators who asked them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.Parents have been particularly afraid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldn't be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best [aught individually一and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.1.What have researchers found out about the influence of parents and the school on children's intelligence?2.What do researchers conclude about children's learning patterns?3.In which area may school play a more important role?4.Why did many parents fail to make the most of their children's intelligence?5.The author suggests in the last paragraph that parents should be encouraged to .【答案】1.Parents have greater influence than school.2.They are established well at the age of six.3.Subject such as science.4.They were warned by educators not to educate their children.5.teach reading at home.【解析】1.根根据第一段第四句" Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. "一项又一项研究表明, 即使在开学后, 孩子们的成绩也更多地受到父母的影响, 而不是老师的影响。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编6(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．It’s a program designed to______ mainly to 16 to 25 year olds.(2014年厦门大学考博试题)A．includeB．appreciateC．appealD．conduct正确答案：C解析：句意为：这是一个为吸引16到25岁年龄段的人而设计的项目。

根据句意，C项appeal“吸引”，其他三项，A项include“包括”、B项appreciate“欣赏”、D项conduct“实施”均不符合句意。

2．In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practical use in the average household.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．appearanceB．popularityC．dominanceD．consolidation正确答案：A解析：本题中，advent的意思是“出现，到来”。

A项“appearance出现”符合题意，如：His sudden appearance surprised her．(他的突然到来使她很惊讶。

)其他三项“popularity普及，流行；dominance优势，统治；consolidation巩固，合并”都不正确。

3．Don’t eat anything that will spoil your______ for dinner.A．appetiteB．tasteC．interestD．appreciation正确答案：A解析：appetite n．食欲，胃口；欲望(如：She ate slowly，without appetite．At the moment he had no appetite for work／reading．)。

Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that the speakers stopped fordeferments.A. at largeB. at intervalsC. at easeD. at random2. When traveling, you are advised to take travelers' checks, which provide a secure tocarrying your money m cash.A. substituteB. selectionC. inferenceD. alternative3. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a character.A. graciousB. suspiciousC unique D. particular4. Choiring from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this__________ produces artificial cold surrounding it.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction5. Language, culture, and personality may be considered of each other in thought,but they are inseparable in fact.A. IndistinctlyB. separatelyC. irrelevantlyD. independently6. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th the birth ofJesus Christ.A. in accordance withB. in terms ofC. in favor ofD. in honor of7. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must thequalities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A. improveB. enhanceC. guaranteeD. gear8. To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various productshandled by us with detailed and means of packing.A. specimensB. inspectionsC. samplesD. specifications9. Many of the conditions that population pressures—overcrowding, unemployment,poverty, hunger and illness—lead to dissatisfaction.A. bring forwardB. give rise toC feed up with D. result from10. Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily for a month or ayear as for a single day.A. put upB. stay upC. speed upD. make up11. The fact that the earth's surface heats provides a convenient way to divide it intotemperature region.A. infrequentlyB. irregularlyC. unsteadilyD. unevenly12. If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird a set of actions to protect itsoffspring.A. hastensB. releasesC. devisesD. initiates13. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be totourist spending?A. attributedB. appliedC. contributedD. attached14. Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and for us m an advanced age;and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.A. ingredientB. relianceC. shelterD. inclination15. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to wonderfulbargains in the market.A. pick upB. bump intoC. pile upD. bring back16. Scientists are searching for the oldest tree because it can teach them a great dealabout many issues related with climate change.A. livelyB. aliveC. livingD. live17. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City shock and angerthroughout the world.A. temptedB. provokedC. summonedD. enveloped18. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that girls in school was probably thesingle most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A. enrollingB. assigningC. involvingD. consenting19. The UN official said aid programs will be until there is adequate protection forrelief personnel.A. multipliedB. arrestedC. spannedD. suspended20. Despite almost universal of the vital importance of women's literacy, educationremains a dream for far many women in far too many countries of the world.A. confessionB. identificationC. acknowledgementD. compliment21. Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now muchof their food.A. deliverB. importC. produceD. develop22. Because Jenkins neither nor defends either management or the striking workers,both sides admire his journalistic .A. criticizes...acumenB. attacks…neutralityC. confronts...aptitudeD. dismisses...flair23. Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign languages,but skeptics argue that the apes are only their trainers.A. imitatingB. condoningC. instructingD. acknowledging24. It is ironic that the insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they havebecome mere .A. original...clich6sB. banal...beliefsC. dubious...habitsD. philosophical-questions25. The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable , when weight loss______if not stops.A. moods...acceleratesB. feasts...haltsC. holidays…contractsD. plateaus...slows26. Since the author's unflattering references to her friends were so , she was surprised that her were recognized.A. laudatory...stylesB. obvious…anecdotesC. oblique... allusionsD. critical....eulogies27. If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religionherald the of morality?A. regulationB. basisC. beliefD. collapse28. Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be , and therefore____________external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.A. learned...immune toB. innate...unaffected byC. intricate...belong toD. specific...confused with29. Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy________at any price.A. orderB. emancipationC. hopeD. liberty30. As a person who combines care with , Marisa completed her duties with_________as well as zeal.A. levity...resignationB. enthusiasm...meticulousnessC. vitality... willingnessD. empathy...rigorPart II. Reading Comprehension (40%)Section A (30 points)Directions:There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Going Green After GrayVisanto Melina, R.D., got the surprise of her career last year, when the Seattle-based vegetarian nutritionist was asked to give a seminar on vegetarianism at a senior citizen center. "I thought there'd be four or five people," she says. Instead, the room was packed with seniors who had paid a $5 fee to hear her advice. And their interest in better health wasn’t only keen; it was informed. "They've obviously been paying attention to new research," she says.If Melina studied demographic trends for a living, she probably wouldn't have been so surprised. Trend watchers have verified an intriguing new phenomenon. Older people are turning to a vegetarian diet in ever-increasing numbers. Not surprisingly, demographics are driving the drift. By the year 2005，people born between 1949 and 1963 the Baby Boom Generation, will make up 38 percent of the American population. Furthermore, statistics suggest this educated, health-conscious, rebellious and relatively affluent contingent fits the traditional vegetarian profile. Add to the fact that older people seek natural, pleasant ways to combat problems associated with aging—weight gain, higher cholesterol and blood pressure, increased cancer risk and impaired digestion—and you have real motivation to go meatless, says Suzanne Havala, R.D., author of the American Dietetic Association's position paper on vegetarianism.Quantifying this new trend isn’t easy, but a 1994 study by Health Focus Inc., an independent research organization based in Des Moines, Iowa, found that shoppers over age 50 are cutting down on their consumption of red meat or eliminating it from their diets entirely. More compelling evidence for the senior surge toward vegetarianism comes from vegetarian groups nationwide, which report a swell in the ranks of older vegetarians. For example, one out of five members of the new Syracuse (N.Y.) Area Vegetarian Education Society is over 50; unusually high for a fledgling organization. And two-thirds of the 850-member Vegetarian Society of Honolulu are also members of the American Association of Retired Persons, society executives say.An informal poll of older people suggests better health is often the main incentive and objective for turning veg. Three years ago Nancy Roberts, a 53-year-old magazine editor, found herself doing what many people do over the holidays: overindulging in rich treats. However, this time it made her in. "The crash felt like the flu," she says. By chance, Roberts was asked to edit some vegetarian recipes during that same period. She made a few at home, and her "flu" disappeared.More dramatically, Ruth Heidrich believes vegetarianism saved her life. The 61-year-old marathoner and triathlete was diagnosed with breast cancer 14 years ago, at age 47. When an initial biopsy indicated far more cancer than her doctors had thought, she was ready to take desperate measures. On the day of the diagnosis, she spotted a newspaper ad looking for volunteers to enroll in a study of breast cancer and diet, conducted by John McDougall, M.D., a leading advocate of the use of diet to fight disease. After meeting McDougall and reviewing what she says was an eight-inch thick file of statistics linking a high-fat diet with breast cancer, Heidrich converted from a traditional American diet to an extremely low-fat regimen with no animal products. "I didn't even have skim milk on my cereal," she says. After a mastectomy and reconstructive surgery, she is cancer-free. She never had to undergo radiation treatment or chemotherapy and believes her strict vegetarian diet helped speed her recovery from surgery.1. What does Visanto Melino mean when she says the elderly citizens who attended her seminarwere "informed" on the subject of better health?A. They had a clear understanding of the subject.B. They wanted more information on the subject.C. They were informed of the latest research on the subject.D. They were extremely knowledgeable about the latest developments on the subject.2. What does the author mean by saying "... demographics are driving the drift"?A. The huge Baby Boom Generation have decided to become vegetarians.B. The growing trend toward vegetarianism is due to an increase in the number of olderpeople.C. Senior citizens believe that going meatless is a natural and pleasant way to combatproblems of aging.D. More and more people of all ages are going on a vegetarian diet to stay healthy.3. Why did Nancy Roberts fall ill?A. Because she caught the flu.B. Because she overexerted herself during the holidays.C. Because she was on a high-fat diet.D. Because she ate too much rich food.4. How did Nancy Roberts recover from her illness?A. By going on an extremely low-fat regimen.B. By eating some vegetarian dishes at home.C. By not even having skim milk with her cereal.D. By following a strict vegetarian diet.5. Why is the passage titled "Going Green After Gray"?A. People who have gray hair like to eat vegetables.B. A vegetarian diet is good for elderly people.C. Older people tend to become vegetarians.D. Seniors like to attend seminars on vegetarianism.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:In most people's mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on dwindling natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct: growth means prosperity and no growth means adversity, or growth means adversity and no growth means…what?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one arena the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth, other than population growth, in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems callous, if not cruel, the pompous postulating of the comfortable and the secure. But is it? Could it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancements of Third World countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth?To see how this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third Worldcountries - the reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth nostrum propounded through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conversion of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and arboreal treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the assumption of a crushing foreign indebtedness, the proceeds of which goes not into the development of the country but into the purchase of luxury cars, the padding of Swiss bank accounts, and the buying of condominiums in Miami?Admittedly, this is an oversimplification, which applies to no country in its entirety and to some countries not at all. But the point, I believe, remains valid: that growth in underdeveloped countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and who is harmed on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modern economies are incredibly complex phenomena, a tribute to man's ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understanding. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth, should not be proposed without a wary prudence and a self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown is fear-inspiring, equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and perhaps environmental catastrophes which threaten our very existence.6. Which of the following statements does the author support?A. Gross National Product is a safe measure for economic growth.B. Diminishing natural resources will prove harmful to the well-being of humanity.C. A decline in prosperity will inevitably lead to a growth in population.D. Growth in population will be a chief threat to economic prosperity.7. It is implied in Paragraphs 2 and 3 that .A. the smooth functioning of the economic system is dependent on sustained prosperityB. economic growth has not contributed to the poverty of the Third World countriesC. growth in richer countries is achieved at the expense of the Third World countriesD. the stages of economic growth cannot be superseded or modified by social mechanisms8. With regard to the economic development in Third World countries the author is actually sayingthat .A. the people in these countries have not actually benefited from itB. inadequate investment has seriously affected the developmentC. deep debt virtually makes further growth in these countries impossibleD. agriculture in these countries should have been left intact9. The author seems to believe that prosperity .A. can be achieved without economic growthB. can only be achieved with economic growthC. is a tribute to man's ability and creativityD. is fragile in face of environmental catastrophes10. The answer of the author to the question “Do we need growth for prosperity” is .A. negativeB. positiveC. vagueD. inconclusiveQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:The African elephant—mythic symbol of a continent, keystone of its ecology and the largest land animal remaining on earth—has become the object of one of the biggest, broadest international efforts yet mounted to turn a threatened species off the road to extinction. But it is not only the elephant's survival that is at stake, conservationists say. Unlike the endangered tiger, unlike even the great whales, the African elephant is in great measure the architect of its environment. As a voracious eater of vegetation, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna surroundings in which it lives, thereby setting the terms of existence for millions of other storied animals-from zebras to gazelles to giraffes and wildebeests-that share its habitat And as the elephant disappears, scientists and conservationists say, many other species will also disappear from vast stretches of forest and savanna, drastically altering and impoverishing whole ecosystems.It is the elephant's metabolism and appetite that make it a disturber of the environment and therefore an important creator of habitat. In a constant search for the 300 pounds of vegetation it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbrush and pulls branches off big trees as high as its trunk will reach. This creates innumerable open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. The resulting patchwork, a mosaic of vegetation in various stages of regeneration, in turn creates a greater variety of forage that attracts a greater variety of other vegetation-eaters than would otherwise be the case.In studies over the last 20 years in southern Kenya near Mount Kilimanjaro, Dr. Western has found that when elephants are allowed to roam die savannas naturally and normally, they spread out at "intermediate densities." Their foraging creates a mixture of savanna woodlands (what the Africans call bush) and grassland. The result is a highly diverse array of other plant-eating species: those like the zebra, wildebeest and gazelle, that graze; those like the giraffe, bushbuck and lesser kudu, that browse on tender shoots, buds, twigs and leaves; and plant-eating primates like the baboon and vervet monkey. These herbivores attract carnivores like the lion and cheetah.When the elephant population thins out, Dr. Western said, the woodlands become denser and the grazers are squeezed out. When pressure from poachers forces elephants to crowd more densely onto reservations, the woodlands there are knocked out and the browsers and primates disappear.Something similar appears to happen in dense tropical rain forests. In their natural state, because the overhead forest canopy shuts out sunlight and prevents growth on the forest floor, rain forests provide slim pickings for large, hoofed plant-eaters. By pulling down trees and eating new growth, elephants enlarge natural openings in the canopy, allowing plants to regenerate on the forest floor and bringing down vegetation from the canopy so that smaller species can get at it.In such situations, the rain forest becomes hospitable to large plant-eating mammals such as bongos, bush pigs, duikers, forest hogs, swamp antelopes, forest buffaloes, okapis, sometimes gorillas and always a host of smaller animals that thrive on secondary growth. When elephants disappear and the forest reverts, the larger mammals give way to smaller, nimbler animals like monkeys, squirrels and rodents.11. The passage is primarily concerned with _______________A. explaining why elephants are facing the threat of extinctionB. explaining difficulties in providing sufficient forage for plant-catersC. explaining how the elephant's impact on its surroundings affects other speciesD. distinguishing between savannas and rain forests as habitats for elephants12. In the opening paragraph, the author mentions tigers and whales in order to emphasize whichpoint about the elephant?A. Like them, it faces the threat of extinction.B. It is herbivorous rather than carnivorous.C. It is the largest extant land mammal.D. Unlike them, it physically alters its environment.13. A necessary component of the elephant's ability to transform the landscape is its .A. massive intelligenceB. threatened extinctionC. ravenous hungerD. lack of grace14. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. the natural tendency of elephants is to crowd together in packsB. the elephant is dependent upon the existence of smaller plant-eating mammals for itssurvivalC. elephants have an indirect effect on the hunting patterns of certain carnivoresD. the floor of the tropical rain forest is too overgrown to accommodate larger plant-eatingspecies15. Which of the following statements best expresses the author's attitude toward the damage tovegetation caused by foraging elephants?A. It is an unfortunate by-product of the feeding process.B. It is a necessary but undesirable aspect of elephant population growth.C. It fortuitously results in creating environments suited to diverse species.D. It has the unexpected advantage that it allows scientists access to the rain forest.Section B (10 points)Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-E to fit into each of the numbered blank. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women over the whole world rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame.Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.A. Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste.B. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.C. The difference between men and women in the matter of fashion is fascinating.D. Over the year, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress.E. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores.Part III. Short Answer Questions (10%)Directions:Read the following passage and then give short answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, ail the factors which are part of intelligence -- the child's understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity—are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language-related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.In view of their power it's sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child's intelligence. Until recently parents had been warned by educators who asked them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school andparents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.Parents have been particularly afraid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldn't be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually—and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.1. What have researchers found out about the influence of parents and the school on children'sintelligence?2. What do researchers conclude about children's learning patterns?3. In which area may school play a more important role?4. Why did many parents fail to make the most of their children's intelligence?5. The author suggests in the last paragraph that parents should be encouraged to .Part IV. English-Chinese Translation (15%)Directions:Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1). When we talk about the danger of romantic love, we don't mean danger in the obvious heartbreak way—the cheap betrayals, the broken promises—we mean the dark danger that lurks when sensible, educated women fall for the dogmatic idea that romantic love is the ultimate goal for the modern female. Every day, thousands of films, books, articles and TV programs hammer home this message—that without romance, life is somehow barren.However, there are women who entertain the subversive notion, like an intellectual mouse scratching behind the skirting board, that perhaps this higher love is not necessarily the celestial highway to absolute happiness. (2). Their empirical side kicks in. and they observe that couples who marry in a haze of adoration and sex are, ten years later, throwing china and fight bitterly over who gets the dog.(3). But the women who notice these contradictions are often afraid to speak them in case they should be labeled cynics. Surely only the most jaded and damaged would challenge the orthodoxy of romantic love. The received wisdom that there is not something wrong with the modem idea of sexual love as ultimate panacea, but that if you don't get it, there is something wrong with you. You freak, go back and read the label. (4). We say the privileging of romantic love over all others, the insistence that it is the one essential, incontrovertible element of human happiness, traced all the way back to the caves, is a trap and a snare. The idea that every human heart, since the invention of the wheel, was yearning for its other half is a myth.(5). Love is a human constant: it is the interpretation of it that changes. The way that love has been expressed, its significance in daily life, have never been immutable or constant. The different kinds of love and what they signify are not fixed, whatever the traditionalists may like to tell you.。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it and this_______produces artificial cold surrounding it.问题1选项A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction【答案】A【解析】absorption吸收; transition过渡, 转变; consumption消费, 消耗; interaction相互作用。

句意：水从固体变成液体, 会吸收附近所有物质的热量, 这种吸收会在周围产生人工寒潮。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题The British historian Niall Ferguson speculated that the end of American_______might not fuel an orderly shift to a multipolar system.问题1选项A.domainB.hegemonyC.sovereigntyD.preference【答案】B【解析】domain领地,领域; hegemony霸权; sovereignty主权,君主; preference偏爱, 优先权。

句意：英国历史学家Niall Ferguson推测, 美国霸权主义的终结可能不会推动美国向多极体系的有序转变。

选项B符合句意。

3.翻译题(1). When we talk about the danger of romantic love, we don't mean danger in the obvious heartbreak way—the cheap betrayals, the broken promises—we mean the dark danger that lurks when sensible, educated women fall for the dogmatic idea that romantic love is the ultimate goal for the modern female. Every day, thousands of films, books, articles and TV programs hammer home this message—that without romance, life is somehow barren.However, there are women who entertain the subversive notion, like an intellectual mouse scratching behind the skirting board, that perhaps this higher love is not necessarily the celestial highway to absolute happiness. (2). Their empirical side kicks in. and they observe that couples who marry in a haze of adoration and sex are, ten years later, throwing china and fight bitterly over who gets the dog.(3). But the women who notice these contradictions are often afraid to speak them in case they should be labeled cynics. Surely only the most jaded and damaged would challenge the orthodoxy of romantic love. The received wisdom that there is not something wrong with the modern idea of sexual love as ultimate panacea, but (hat if you don't get it, there is something wrong with you. You freak, go back and read the label. (4).We say the privileging of romantic love over all others, the insistence that it is the one essential, incontrovertible element of human happiness, traced all the way back to the caves, is a trap and a snare. The idea that every human heart, since the invention of the wheel, was yearning for its other half is a myth.(5). Love is a human constant: it is the interpretation of it that changes. The way that love has been expressed, its significance in daily life, have never been immutable or constant. The different kinds of love and what they signify are not fixed, whatever the traditionalists may like to tell you.So the modern idea that romantic love is a woman's highest calling, that she is somehow only half a person without it, that if she questions it she is going against all human history, does not stand up to scrutiny. It is not an imperative carved in stone; it is a human idea, and human beings are frail and suggestible, and sometimes get the wrong end of the stick.Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.【答案】1.当说到浪漫爱情的危险时, 我们并不是指显而易见令人心碎的危险一可耻的背叛、破碎的誓言——而是指当明智的知识女性对教条主义思想信以为真, 即浪漫的爱情是现代女性的终极目标时, 潜伏着的隐秘危险。

厦门大学考博英语模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．When we listen to music,we are easily_____of events in the past.A．rememberedB．reflectedC．memorizedD．reminded正确答案：D解析：各项的意思是：remember“记住；回想起”；reflected“沉思或思忆往事”；memorize意思“记住，记忆”；remind“使某人回想起或意识到……”。

根据题意，只有D为正确答案。

2．They gave_____broadcast while the performance was in process on the stage.A．liveB．livingC．livelyD．alive正确答案：A解析：各项的意思是：live“现场直播的，实况转播的”；living“活的，活着的”；lively“有生气的，活跃的；生动的，醒目的”；“活着的，活泼的，有活力的”。

根据题意，只有A为正确答案。

3．Travelling and meeting new people_____the mind of young people.A．expandedB．enlargedC．broadenedD．extended正确答案：C解析：各项的意思是：expand“(使事物)在尺寸、数量及重要性方面变大、增多及增强”；enlarge“使事物尺寸变大”；broaden“使事物变宽，变广阔，变广泛”；extend“使事物在时间或空间上更长、更大”。

根据题意，C为正确答案。

4．If you consider this problem____others’ interest,you may change your view.A．because ofB．withC．due toD．according to正确答案：D解析：各项的意思是：because of“因为”；with“和……一起；具有；对于”；due to意为“由于”；according to“根据，按照”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Now they think that their views about the president and his policies on Iraq, global warming or unilateralism have all been_______, so why keep ranting?问题1选项A.treacherousB.fraudulentC.avengedD.vindicated【答案】D【解析】treacherous背叛的，奸诈的；fraudulent欺骗性的； avenged报复，报仇；vindicate证明...正确，维护。

句意：现在他们认为，他们对总统及其在伊拉克，全球变暖或单边主义政策的问题上的看法，都被证明是正确的，那他们为什么还这么义愤填膺呢？选项D符合句意。

2.单选题A completely new situation will_______when the new examination system comes into existence. 问题1选项A.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.arouse【答案】C【解析】句意：当新的考试制度出现时, 将会出现一个全新的局面。

rise提高, 上升; raise筹集, 养育; arise出现, 上升; arouse引起, 唤起。

只有选项C有出现, 产生的意思。

所以本题选C。

3.单选题She is one of the few people here I can understand properly, she pronounces all her words so_______.问题1选项A.exactlyB.distinctlyC.distinctivelyD.distinguishably【答案】B【解析】exactly精确地；distinctly明显地，清晰地；distinctively特殊地；distinguishably可区别地，辨认得出。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题.Any Democratic president will try to_______the United States from the mess in Iraq,yet all would face rigid constraints.问题1选项A.knockoutB.distinguishC.overtureD.extricate【答案】D【解析】knockout击倒; distinguish区别,辨别; overture作动词意为建议; extricate使摆脱,解救。

句意：任何一位民主党总统都将试图把美国从伊拉克的混乱中解救出来, 但所有人都将面临严格的约束。

选项D符合句意。

2.单选题There's one girl at my school who everybody_______because she doesn't wear what everybody else wears; they are horrible to her.问题1选项A.picks outB.picks overC.picks onD.picks off【答案】C【解析】pick out挑选； pick over仔细检查……以便选出优品（或剔除劣品）； pick on作弄，挑剔；pick off摘掉。

句意：我们学校有一个女孩，每个人都欺负她，因为她穿的和大家不一样；大家都讨厌她。

选项C符合句意。

3.单选题She refused to disclose what had been told her, on the_______that it would be a breach of faith.问题1选项A.reasonB.accountsC.termsD.grounds【答案】C【解析】on the terms that为固定搭配, 是关于, 因为的意思。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The captain performs his duties with great_______and all the crew believed that they can get over the storm.问题1选项A.affectionB.suspicionC.assuranceD.definition【答案】C【解析】affection喜爱, 影响; suspicion怀疑; assurance确信, 断言, with assurance指有把握地, 自信地; definition定义。

句意：船长信心十足地履行着他的职责，所有的船员都相信他们能够战胜暴风雨。

选项C符合句意。

2.单选题They are experimenting with "phytotherapy," or plant and herb-based_______, to ameliorate hot flashes, sleeplessness, and more.问题1选项A.remediesB.renovatesC.embellishesD.modifies【答案】A【解析】remedy补救,治疗法; renovate革新, 修复; embellish修饰; modify修改。

句意：他们正在试验“植物疗法”, 即以植物和草药为基础的疗法, 用来缓解潮热、失眠等症状。

选项A符合句意。

3.单选题To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must_______the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.问题1选项A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear【答案】D【解析】improve改善, 增进; enhance增加, 提高; guarantee保证, 担保; gear适合。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Perhaps most important,the report could_______more light, though it does give some,on how child welfare is changing over time.问题1选项A.glanceB.reckonC.castD.resort【答案】C【解析】glance扫视,匆匆一看; reckon估计,猜想; cast投, 拋,计算; resort求助。

cast light on 使明白,使真相大白。

句意：也许最重要的是, 虽然报告中涉及了一些, 但报告应该让我们明白, 随着时间的推移儿童福利正在发生怎样的变化。

选项C符合句意。

2.单选题Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals' seem to be_______, and therefore_______external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.问题1选项A.learned...immune toB.innate...unaffected byC.intricate...belong toD.specific...confused with【答案】B【解析】learned...immune to学到的不受感染; innate...unaffected by先天的不受影响; intricate...belong to复杂的属于; specific...confused with特定的混淆。

句意：某些动物的行为, 如交配仪式, 似乎是与生俱来的, 因此不受外部因素的影响, 如气候变化, 食物供应, 或其他动物相同物种的存在。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In fact,the country has exhibited considerable flexibility, relaxing its position on many_______issues,including agricultural subsidies.问题1选项A.surpassingmodiousC.contentiousD.judicable【答案】C【解析】surpassing胜过的, 优秀的; commodious宽敞的, 方便的; contentious有争议的, 诉讼的; judicable 应受审判的。

句意：事实上, 该国表现出相当大的灵活性, 在包括农业补贴在内的许多有争议的问题上放松了立场。

选项C符合句意。

2.单选题At the sight of her husband getting off the train, the woman walked forward and_______him and stroked his white hair.问题1选项A.embracedB.clappedC.paddledD.flocked【答案】A【解析】embraced拥抱; clapped拍手喝彩; paddled搅拌; flocked聚集。

句意：一看到丈夫下火车, 女人就上前拥抱他, 抚摸他的白发。

选项A符合句意。

3.单选题The fact that the earth's surface heats_______ provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.问题1选项A.infrequentlyB.irregularlyC.unsteadilyD.unevenly【答案】D【解析】infrequently很少发生地, 稀少地; irregularly不规则地, 无规律地; unsteadily不稳定地, 摇摆地; unevenly不均衡地, 不平坦地, 不平行地。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Scientific evidence from different_______demonstrates that in most humans the left hemisphere of the brain controls language.问题1选项A.scopesB.rangesC.disciplinesD.arrays【答案】C【解析】scopes范围, 领域; ranges范围, 区间; disciplines学科; arrays阵列, 数组。

句意：来自不同学科的科学证据表明, 大多数人的大脑左半球控制着语言功能。

选项C符合句意。

2.单选题To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must_______the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.问题1选项A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear【答案】D【解析】improve改善, 增进; enhance增加, 提高; guarantee保证, 担保; gear适合。

句意：为了在国家间激烈的贸易竞争中生存, 我们必须使我们生产的产品的质量和品种适应世界市场的需求。

gear to 使适应, 所以选项D正确。

3.单选题London's Heathrow airport,alongside many other major airports,is hoping that_______passenger numbers will be swallowed up by a new generation of huge aircraft.问题1选项A.probateB.obsoleteC.swellingD.recapitulating【答案】C【解析】probate遗嘱认证的; obsolete荒废的, 淘汰的; swell增大; 磁胀; recapitulate 重述要点, 概述。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Perhaps most important,the report could_______more light, though it does give some,on how child welfare is changing over time.问题1选项A.glanceB.reckonC.castD.resort【答案】C【解析】glance扫视,匆匆一看; reckon估计,猜想; cast投, 拋,计算; resort求助。

cast light on 使明白,使真相大白。

句意：也许最重要的是, 虽然报告中涉及了一些, 但报告应该让我们明白, 随着时间的推移儿童福利正在发生怎样的变化。

选项C符合句意。

2.单选题Free will allows us to indulge our_______passions; freedom leads us in the higher path to unlock life's mystic secrets.问题1选项A.dischargingB.fleetingC.colludingD.displacing【答案】A【解析】discharge卸下, 放出; fleet消磨; collude串通, 勾结; displace转移, 取代。

句意：自由意志使我们能尽情释放自己的激情;自由引领我们走向更高的道路，去开启生命的奥秘。

选项A符合句意。

3.单选题The_______action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt.问题1选项A.supremeB.significantC.promptD.vital【答案】C【解析】supreme最高的, 至高的; significant重大的, 有意义的; prompt及时的, 迅速的; vital至关重要的。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Perhaps most important,the report could_______more light, though it does give some,on how child welfare is changing over time.问题1选项A.glanceB.reckonC.castD.resort【答案】C【解析】glance扫视,匆匆一看; reckon估计,猜想; cast投, 拋,计算; resort求助。

cast light on 使明白,使真相大白。

句意：也许最重要的是, 虽然报告中涉及了一些, 但报告应该让我们明白, 随着时间的推移儿童福利正在发生怎样的变化。

选项C符合句意。

2.单选题In fact,the country has exhibited considerable flexibility, relaxing its position on many_______issues,including agricultural subsidies.问题1选项A.surpassingmodiousC.contentiousD.judicable【答案】C【解析】surpassing胜过的, 优秀的; commodious宽敞的, 方便的; contentious有争议的, 诉讼的; judicable 应受审判的。

句意：事实上, 该国表现出相当大的灵活性, 在包括农业补贴在内的许多有争议的问题上放松了立场。

选项C符合句意。

3.单选题She refused to disclose what had been told her, on the_______that it would be a breach of faith.问题1选项A.reasonB.accountsC.termsD.grounds【答案】C【解析】on the terms that为固定搭配, 是关于, 因为的意思。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As marketers increase their communication through both print and electronic channels,the opportunity for _______is growing rapidly.问题1选项A.fraudB.jargonC.pledgeD.motivation【答案】A【解析】fraud欺诈, 骗子; jargon行话; pledge保证, 许诺, 抵押; motivation 动机。

句意：当营销人员通过印刷和电子渠道加强沟通的时候，也为欺诈行为提供了快速增长的机会。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题I get asked about what individuals can do to stay current in a world that somehow keeps_______and repeating patterns ail at the same time.问题1选项A.transformingB.distortingC.convertingD.contorting【答案】A【解析】transform转换, 改变; distort扭曲, 曲解; convert使转变; contort扭曲, 歪曲。

句意：有人问我，在一个不断改变的同时又重复着那些模式的世界里，个人如何才能保持与时俱进。

这里强调的是变化，所以选项A符合句意。

3.单选题It wasn't until the late 19th century that physicians realized that its_______symptoms were all part of the same disease.问题1选项A.perfunctoryB.peremptoryC.perplexingD.perambulatory【答案】C【解析】perfunctory敷衍的; peremptory强制的, 专横的; perplexing复杂的, 令人困惑的; perambulatory巡视的。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now_______much of their food.问题1选项A.deliverB.importC.produceD.develop【答案】B【解析】deliver投递, 发表; import进口, 输入; produce生产, 创作; develop发展, 开发。

句意：由于岛上的土壤多年来一直贫瘠, 当地人现在必须进口大量食物。

选项B符合句意。

2.单选题Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only_______their trainers.问题1选项A.imitatingB.condoningC.instructingD.acknowledging【答案】A【解析】imitating模仿, 效法; condoning宽恕, 赦免; instructing指导, 教; acknowledging承认, 答谢。

句意：一些人类学家声称, 一些猿类已经学会了基本的手语, 但持怀疑态度的人认为, 猿类只是在模仿它们的驯兽师。

选项A符合句意。

3.单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _______the speakers stopped for deferments. 问题1选项A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random【答案】B【解析】at large详尽的, 整个的; at intervals不时, 时时; at ease安逸, 自由自在; at random 随机地, 随意地。

厦门大学博士考试英语真题2010年(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B. C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that **pletes the sentence.1.The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that ______ the speakers stopped for refreshments.SSS_SINGLE_SELA at largeB at intervalsC at caseD at random2.When traveling, you are advised to take traveler's checks, which provide a secure ______ to carrying your money in cash.SSS_SINGLE_SELA substituteB selectionC preferenceD alternative3.I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ______ character.SSS_SINGLE_SELA graciousB suspiciousC uniqueD particular4.Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this ______ produces artificial cold surrounding it.SSS_SINGLE_SELA absorptionB transitionC consumptionD interaction5.Language, culture, and personality may be considered ______of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.SSS_SINGLE_SELA indistinctlyB separatelyC irrelevantlyD independently6.Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th ______ the birth of Jesus Christ.SSS_SINGLE_SELA in accordance withB in terms ofC in favor ofD in honor of7.To survive in the intense **petition between countries, we must______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.SSS_SINGLE_SELA improveB enhanceC guaranteeD gear8.To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed ______ and means of packing.SSS_SINGLE_SELA specimensB inspectionsC samplesD specifications9.Many of the conditions that population pressures- overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness______ lead to dissatisfaction.SSS_SINGLE_SELA bring forwardB give rise toC feed up withD result from10.Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily______ for a month or a year as for a single day.SSS_SINGLE_SELA put upB stay upC speed upD make up11.The fact that the earth's surface heats ______ provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.SSS_SINGLE_SELA infrequentlyB irregularlyC unsteadilyD unevenly12.If a **es too close to its nest, the mockingbird ______a set of actions to protect its offspring.SSS_SINGLE_SELA hastensB releasesC devisesD initiates13.How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be______ to tourist spending?SSS_SINGLE_SELA attributedB appliedC contributedD attached14.Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and ______ for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.SSS_SINGLE_SELA ingredientB relianceC shelterD inclination15.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to ______ wonderful bargains in the market.SSS_SINGLE_SELA pickupB bump intoC pileupD bring back16.Scientists are searching for the oldest tree______ because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.SSS_SINGLE_SELA livelyB aliveC livingD live17.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City ______ shock and anger throughout the world.SSS_SINGLE_SELA temptedB provokedC summonedD enveloped18.A 1994 World Bank report concluded that ______ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.SSS_SINGLE_SELA enrollingB assigningC involvingD consenting19.The UN official said aid programs will be ______until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.SSS_SINGLE_SELA multipliedB arrestedC spannedD suspended20.Despite almost universal______of the vital importance of women's literacy, education remains a dream for far many women in far too many countries of the world.SSS_SINGLE_SELA confessionB identificationC acknowledgementD compliment21.Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now______much of their food.SSS_SINGLE_SELA deliverB importC produceD develop22.Because Jenkins neither______ nor defends either management or the striking workers, both sides admire his journalistic______SSS_SINGLE_SELA criticizes...acumenB attacks...neutralityC confronts...aptitudeD dismisses...flair23.Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only______ their trainers.SSS_SINGLE_SELA imitatingB condoningC instructingD acknowledging24.It is ironic that the ______ insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mereSSS_SINGLE_SELA original...clichesB banal...beliefsC dubious...habitsD philosophical...questions25.The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable ______, when weight loss ______ if not stops.SSS_SINGLE_SELA moods...acceleratesB feasts...haltsC holidays...contractsD plateaus...slows26.Since the author's unflattering references to her friends were so______, she was surprised that her ______ were recognized.SSS_SINGLE_SELA laudatory...stylesB obvious...anecdotesC oblique...allusionsD critical...eulogies27.If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religion herald the ______ of morality?SSS_SINGLE_SELA regulationB basisC beliefD collapse28.Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be ______, and therefore ______ extemal factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.SSS_SINGLE_SELA learned...immune toB innate...unaffected byC intricate...belong toD specific...confused with29.Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy ______ at any price.SSS_SINGLE_SELA orB emancipationC hopeD liberty30.As a person **bines care with __, **pleted her duties with ______ as well as zeal.SSS_SINGLE_SELA levity...resignationB enthusiasm...meticulousnessC vitality...willingnessD empathy...rigorPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Going Green After GrayVisanto Melina, R. D., got the surprise of her career last year, when Seattle-based vegetarian nutritionist was asked to give a seminar on vegetarianism at a senior citizen center. "I thoughtthere'd be four or five people." she says. Instead, the room was packed with seniors who had paid a $ 5 fee to hear her advice. Andtheir interest in better health wasn't only keen; it was informed. "They've obviously been paying attention to new research," she says. If Melina studied demographic trends for a living, she probably wouldn't have been so surprised. Trend watchers have verified an intriguing new phenomenon. Older people are turning to a vegetarian diet in ever-increasing numbers. Not surprisingly, demographics are driving the drift. By the year 2005, people born between 1949 and 1963 the Baby Boom Generation, will make up 38 percent of the American population. Furthermore, statistics suggest this educated, health-conscious, rebellious and relatively affluent contingent fits the traditional vegetarian profile. Add to the fact that older people seek natural, pleasant ways to combat problems associated with aging--weight gain, higher cholesterol and blood pressure, increased cancer risk and impaired digestion- and you have real motivation to go meatless, says Suzanne Havala, R. D., author of the American Dietetic Association's position paper on vegetarianism.Quantifying this new trend isn't easy, but a 1994 study by Health Focus Inc., an independent research organization based in Des Moines, Iowa, found that shoppers over age 50 are cutting down on their consumption of red meat or eliminating it from their diets entirely. **pelling evidence for the senior surge toward **es from vegetarian groups nationwide, which report a swell in the ranks of older vegetarians. For example, one out of five members of the new Syracuse (N. Y.) Area Vegetarian Education Society is over 50; unusually high for a fledgling organization. And two-thirds of the 850-member Vegetarian Society of Honolulu are also members of the American Association of Retired Persons, society executives say.An informal poll of older people suggests better health is often the main incentive and objective for turning veg. Three years ago Nancy Roberts, a 53-year-old Magazine editor, found herself doing what many people do over the holidays: overindulging in rich treats. However, this time it made her in. "The crash felt like the flu," she says. By chance, Roberts was asked to edit some vegetarian recipes during that same period. She made a few at home, and her "flu" disappeared.More dramatically, Ruth Heidrich believes vegetarianism saved her life. The 61-year-old marathoner and triathlete was diagnosed with breast cancer 14 years ago, at age 47. When an initial biopsy indicated far more cancer than her doctors had thought, she was ready to take desperate measures. On the day of the diagnosis, she spotted a newspaper ad looking for volunteers to enroll in a study of breast cancer and diet, conducted by John McDougall, M. D., a leading advocate of the use of diet to fight disease. After meeting McDougall and reviewing what she says was an eight-inch thick file ofstatistics linking a high-fat diet with breast cancer, Heidrich converted from a traditional American diet to an extremely low-fat regimen with no animal products. "I didn't even have skim milk on my cereal," she says. After a mastectomy and reconstructive surgery, she is cancer-free. She never had to undergo radiation treatment or chemotherapy and believes her strict vegetarian diet helped speed her recovery from surgery.SSS_SINGLE_SEL31.What does Visanto Melino mean when she says the elderly citizens who attended her seminar were "informed" on the subject of better health?A They had a clear understanding of the subject.B They wanted more information on the subject.C They were informed of the latest research on the subject.D They were extremely knowledgeable about the latest developments on the subject.SSS_SINGLE_SEL32.What does the author mean by saying "...demographics are driving the drift"?A The huge Baby Boom Generation have decided to become vegetarians.B The growing trend toward vegetarianism is due to an increasein the number of older people.C Senior citizens believe that going meatless is a natural and pleasant way to combat problems of aging.D More and more people of all ages are going on a vegetariandiet to stay healthySSS_SINGLE_SEL33.Why did Nancy Roberts fall ill?A Because she caught the flu.B Because she overexerted herself during the holidays.C Because she was on a high-fat diet.D Because she ate too much rich food.SSS_SINGLE_SEL34.How did Nancy Roberts recover from her illness?A By going on an extremely low-fat regimen.B By eating some vegetarian dishes at home.C By not even having skim milk with her cereal.D By following a strict vegetarian diet.SSS_SINGLE_SEL35.Why is the passage titled "Going Green After Gray"?A People who have gray hair like to eat vegetables.B A vegetarian diet is good for elderly people.C Older people tend to become vegetarians.D Seniors like to attend seminars on vegetarianism.In most people's mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on dwindling natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct: growth means prosperity and no growth means adversity, or growth means adversity and no growth means...what?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one arena the argument in favor of growth is **pelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth, other than population growth, inlight of Third World poverty and degradation seems callous, if not cruel, the pompous postulating of **fortable and the secure. But is it? Could it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement, of Third Word countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth?To see how this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countries- the reality, not the abstractstages-of-economic-growth nostrum propounded through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conversion of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses **modities not forlocal consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and arboreal treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the assumption of a crushing foreign indebtedness, the proceeds of which goes not into the development of the country but into the purchase of luxury cars, the padding of Swiss bank accounts, and the buying of condominiums in Miami?Admittedly, this is an oversimplification, which applies to no country in its entirety and to some countries not at all. But the point, I believe, remains valid; that growth in underdeveloped countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on whobenefits and who is harmed, on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modem economies are **plex phenomena, a tribute to man's ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understanding. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth, should not be proposed without a wary prudence and a self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown is fear-inspiring, equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and perhaps environmental catastrophes which threaten our very existence.SSS_SINGLE_SEL36.Which of the following statements does the author support?A Gross National Product is a safe measure for economic growth.B Diminishing natural resources will prove harmful to the well-being of humanity.C A decline in prosperity will inevitably lead to a growth in population.D Growth in population will be a chief threat to economic prosperity.SSS_SINGLE_SEL37.It is implied in Paragraphs 2 and 3 that______A the smooth functioning of the economic system is dependent on sustained prosperity,B economic growth has not contributed to the poverty of theThird World countriesC growth in richer countries is achieved at the expense of the Third Word countriesD the stages of economic growth cannot be superseded or modified by social mechanismsSSS_SINGLE_SEL38.With regard to the economic development in Third World countries the author is actually saying that ______A the people in these countries have not actually benefited from itB inadequate investment has seriously affected the developmentC deep debt virtually makes further growth in these countries impossibleD agriculture in these countries should have been left intactSSS_SINGLE_SEL39.The author seems to believe that prosperity ______A can be achieved without economic growthB can only be achieved with economic growthC is a tribute to man's ability and creativityD is fragile in face of environmental catastrophesSSS_SINGLE_SEL40.The answer of the author to the question "Do we need growth for prosperity" is ______A negativeB positiveC vagueD inconclusiveThe African elephant-- mythic symbol of a continent, keystone of its ecology and the largest land animal remaining on earth- has become the object of one of the biggest, broadest international efforts yet mounted to turn a threatened species off the road to extinction. But it is not only the elephant's survival that is at stake, conservationists say. Unlike the endangered tiger, unlike even the great whales, the African elephant is in great measure the architect of its environment. As a voracious eater of vegetation, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna surroundings in which it lives, thereby setting the terms of existence for millions of other storied animals- from zebras to giraffes and wildebeests- that share its habitat. And as the elephant disappears, scientists and conservationists say, many other species will also disappear from vast stretches of forest and savanna, drastically altering and impoverishing whole ecosystems.It is the elephant's metabolism and appetite that make it a disturber of the environment and therefore an important creator ofhabitat. In a constant search for the 300 pounds of vegetation it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbrush and pulls branches off big trees as high as its trunk will reach. This creates innumerable open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. The resulting patchwork, a mosaic of vegetation in various stages of regeneration, in turn creates a greater variety of forage that attracts a greater variety of other vegetation-eaters than would otherwise be the case. In studies over the last 20 years in southern Kenya near Mount Kilimanjaro, Dr. Western has found that when elephants are allowed to roam the savannas naturally and normally, they spread out at "intermediate densities". Their foraging creates a mixture of savanna woodlands (what the Africans call bush) and grassland. The result is a highly diverse array of other plant-eating species: those like the zebra, wildebeest and gazelle, that graze; those like the giraffe, bushbuck and lesser kudu, that browse on tender shoots, buds, twigs and leaves; and plant-eating primates like the baboon and vervet monkey. These herbivores attract carnivores like the lion and cheetah.When the elephant population thins out, Dr. Western said, the woodlands become denser and the grazers are squeezed out. When pressure from poachers forces elephants to crowd more densely onto reservations, the woodlands there are knocked out and the browsers and primates disappear.Something similar appears to happen in dense tropical rain forests. In their natural state, because the overhead forest canopy shuts out sunlight and prevents growth on the forest floor, rain forests provide slim picking for large, hoofed plant-eaters. By pulling down trees and eating new growth, elephants enlarge natural openings in the canopy, allowing plants to regenerate on the forest floor and bringing down vegetation from the canopy so that smaller species can get at it.In such situations, the rain forest becomes hospitable to large plant-eating mammals such as bongos, bush pigs, duikers, forest hogs, swamp antelopes, forest buffaloes, okapis, sometimes gorillas and always a host of smaller animals that thrive on secondary growth. When elephants disappear and the forest reverts, the larger mammals give way to smaller, nimbler animals like monkeys, squirrels and rodents.SSS_SINGLE_SEL41.The passage is primarily concerned with ______A explaining why elephants are facing the threat of extinctionB explaining difficulties in providing sufficient forage for plant-eatersC explaining how the elephant's impact on its surroundings affects other speciesD distinguishing between savannas rain forests as habitats for elephantsSSS_SINGLE_SEL42.In the opening paragraph, the author mentions tigers and whales in order to emphasize which point about the elephant?A Like them, it faces the threat of extinction.B It is herbivorous rather than carnivorous.C It is the largest extant land mammal.D Unlike them, it physically alters its environment.SSS_SINGLE_SEL43.A **ponent of the elephant's ability to transform the landscape is itsA massive intelligenceB threatened extinctionC ravenous hungerD lack of graceSSS_SINGLE_SEL44.It can be inferred from the passage that______A the natural tendency of elephants is to crowd together in packsB the elephant is dependent upon the existence of smaller plant-eating mammals for its survivalC elephants have an indirect effect on the hunting patterns of certain carnivoresD the floor of the tropical rain forest is too overgrown to accommodate larger plant-eating speciesSSS_SINGLE_SEL45.Which of the following statements best expresses the author's attitude toward the damage to vegetation caused by foraging elephants?A It is an unfortunate by-product of the feeding process.B It is a necessary but undesirable aspect of elephantpopulation growth.C It fortuitously results in creating environments suited to diverse species.D It has the unexpected advantage that it allows scientists access to the rain forest.Section BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from thelist A～E to fit into each of the numbered blank.Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age. This illusion is created by changing fashions. 1 The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women over the whole world rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. 2 Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When **e to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.3 Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.4 Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital thingslike warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that womenwill put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.5 Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.A. Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste.B. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.C. The difference between men and women in the matter of fashionis fascinating.D. Over the year, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress.E. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN46.A B C D ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN47.A B C D ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN48.A B C D ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN49.A B C D ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN50.A B C D EPart Ⅲ Short Answer QuestionsDirections: Read the following passage and then give short answers to the five questions.As researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence--the child's understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity-- are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children's achievements have been far more influenced by parents than byteachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language-related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.In view of their power it's sad to see so many parents not making the most of their child's intelligence. Until recently parents had been warned by educators who asked them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.Parents have been particularly afraid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldn't be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually-- and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds **pose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI51.What have researchers found out about the influence of parents and the school on children's intelligence?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI52.What do researchers conclude about children's learning patterns?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI53.In which area may school play a more important role?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI54.Why did many parents fail to make the most of their children's intelligence?SSS_TEXT_QUSTI55.。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The ALSPAC report is the third in recent years to find few or no_______effects from consuming most types of seafood during pregnancy.问题1选项A.adverseB.aggregateC.antagonisticD.animate【答案】A【解析】adverse不利的, 敌对的; aggregate合计的, 聚合的; antagonistic反对的, 敌对的; animate 有生命的。

句意：ALSPAC的报告是近年来第三份发现孕期食用大多数品种的海鲜很少有或者几乎没有副作用的报告。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题Although the government still enjoys a high level of public support,the crime problem has stirred polit¬ical _______and suspicions.问题1选项A.substanceB.antagonismsC.dimensionD.possession【答案】B【解析】substance物质, 实质; antagonism对抗,敌意; dimension尺寸; possession拥有。

句意：虽然政府仍然享有很高的公众支持, 但犯罪问题已经引发了对抗对立和猜疑。

选项B符合句意。

3.单选题Unilever,one of the world's largest consumer products companies,aims to add_______to life by meeting everyday needs for nutrition,hygiene and personal care.问题1选项A.agentB.remainC.vitalityD.leaven【答案】C【解析】agent代理（商）; remain保持, 剩余,残存; vitality活力,生命力; leaven酵母, 潜移默化的影响。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must_______the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.问题1选项A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear【答案】D【解析】improve改善, 增进; enhance增加, 提高; guarantee保证, 担保; gear适合。

句意：为了在国家间激烈的贸易竞争中生存, 我们必须使我们生产的产品的质量和品种适应世界市场的需求。

gear to 使适应, 所以选项D正确。

2.单选题Salas is one of 13,000 King County employees who will be asked to confidentially_______whether they're overweight,smoke or engage in other health-related vices.问题1选项A.dementB.divulgeC.retaliateD.disservice【答案】B【解析】dement使发狂; divulge泄露, 暴露; retaliate报复; disservice伤害, 虐待。

句意：萨拉斯是国王郡1.3万名雇员之一, 他们将被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸烟或是否有其他与健康有关的恶习。

选项B符合句意。

3.单选题You invest in the equity market to provide yourself with stream of future dividends which will hopefully _______inflation.问题1选项A.outpaceB.outfaceC.outgrowD.outlaw【答案】A【解析】outpace超过…速度, 赶过; outface蔑视; outgrow出生, 蜕变; outlaw将…放逐, 宣布…不合法。