最新2007-上海市科学推理真题(含完整解析)

2007年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）数 学 (文科) 全解全析一．填空题（本大题满分44分，本大题共有11题，只要求直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．）1．方程9131=-x 的解是 ．【答案】1-=x 【解析】121331219x x x --==⇒-=-⇒=-2．函数11)(-=x x f 的反函数=-)(1x f ．【答案】10x x x+≠（） 【解析】由11(0)1y y x y x y+=⇒=≠⇒-()110x fx x x-+=≠（） 3．直线014=-+y x 的倾斜角=θ ． 【答案】4arctan π- 【解析】tan 4,(,)2πθθπθ=-∴∈⇒=4arctan π-.。

4．函数πsec cos 2y x x ⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭的最小正周期=T ．【答案】π【解析】π1sec cos (sin )tan 2cos y x x x x T xπ⎛⎫=+=-=-⇒= ⎪⎝⎭ 。

5．以双曲线15422=-yx的中心为顶点，且以该双曲线的右焦点为焦点的抛物线方程是． 【答案】212y x =【解析】双曲线22145xy-=的中心为O （0,0），该双曲线的右焦点为F （3,0）则抛物线的顶点为（0,0），焦点为（3,0），所以p=6，所以抛物线方程是)212y x =。

6．若向量a b ，的夹角为60，1a b == ，则()a a b -= ．1CCB1B1AA【答案】21【解析】()2211cos 60122a ab a a b a a b -=-⋅=-⋅︒=-=。

7．如图，在直三棱柱111C B A A B C -中， 90=∠ACB ， 21=AA ，1==BC AC ，则异面直线B A 1与AC 所成角的 大小是 （结果用反三角函数值表示）．【答案】66arccos【解析】11,A C AC ∴ 异面直线B A 1与AC所成角为11BA C ∠，易求1A B =，1111111cos cos66A C BA C BA C arc A B∴∠===⇒∠=。

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题解析上海卷本试卷分为第I 卷和第II卷两部分。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

考生注意：1.答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、交验码，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和交验码。

2. 第I卷（1-16小题和25-84小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷一律不给分。

第I卷中的第17-24小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上一律不给分。

I. listening comprehensionPart A: Short ConversationDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Coke. B. Coffee. C. Tea. D. Water.2. A. At a restaurant. B. At a studio. C. At a concert. D. At atheatre.3. A. Relieved. B. Worried. C. Confused. D. Depressed.4. A. The Browns. B. The Browns’ son. C. The postman. D. The neighbour.5. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10.6. A. The ring is not hers. B. She doesn’t have gold rings.C. She prefers gold to silver.D. She lost her silver ring.7. A. The screen doesn’t have to be cleaned.B. The keyboard also needs cleaning.C. The man shouldn’t do the cleaning.D. There’s not enough time to clean both.8. A. The driver will stop the bus immediately.B. The guy by the door will help the woman.C. The woman should check the map.D. He will tell the woman when to get off.9. A. She dislikes fireworks. B. She has plans for the evening.C. She doesn’t feel like going out.D. She has to get theatre tickets.10. A. They can’t see the stars clearly.B. They’re not in the city tonight.C. They’re looking at the stars from the cit y.D. They’re talking about movie stars.Part B PassagesDirections: In part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It can make her famous. B. It is easy and rewarding.C. It is dangerous but exciting.D. It has its moving moment.12. A. Somebody was killed. B. Nobody was injured.C. Karen was physically hurt.D. Many buildings exploded.13. A. A fierce war. B. A serious injury.C. A terrible explosion.D. A brave journalist.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. Internet use is increasing quickly in rural and urban areas.B. More and more rural residents have Internet access.C. People have a limited choice on Internet providers.D. City residents use the Internet frequently.15. A. Over 2 million. B. Around 6 million. C. 23 million. D.17 million.16. A. More girls have their own websites than boys.B. 1 in 4 kids have Internet access from home.C. Most kids think they get too little time online at school.D. Internet connection at home is quicker than that at school.Part C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in me numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.B1anks l 7 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Ⅱ. Grammar and V ocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ________ size and shape.A. onB. fromC. byD. in26. The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ______ who can capture thetiger alive or dead.A. bothB. othersC. anyoneD. another27. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives ______ of my friends.A. more carefullyB. the most carefullyC. less carefullyD. the least carefully28. --- Did you tidy your room?--- No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.A. hadB. haveC. have hadD. will have29. --- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.--- Great! Y ou ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. mustB. shouldC. must haveD. should have30. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______in the past years.A. discoveredB. have discoveredC. had been discoveredD. have been discovered31. --- How was the televised debate last night?--- Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention.A. a debate attractedB. did a debate attractC. a debate did attractD. attracted a debate32. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______ it was!A. What a dangerous sceneB. What dangerous a sceneC. How a dangerous sceneD. How dangerous the scene33. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has eveninfluenced our language.A. asB. thatC. whichD. where34. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him.A. callingB. calledC. being calledD. to call35. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuaded persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade36. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.A. to be completedB. having been completedC. completedD. being completed37. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it38. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully.A. thoughB. beforeC. untilD. if39. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhetherD. Where40. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. that41. At minus 130℃, a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years.A. sparedB. protectedC. preservedD. developed42. Since Tom ______ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.A. readilyB. horriblyC. accidentallyD. irregularly43. My morning ______ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.A. drillB. actionC. regulationD. routine44. John was dismissed last week because of his ______ attitude towards his job.A. informalB. casualC. determinedD. earnestIII. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 45 . They were also constant communication with people on the earth. 46 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problem of adjustment under such conditions?Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during longsubmarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 48 is. When men are 49 together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .Apparently, although no one wants to be 51 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of 52 or stress.People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.45. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy46. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore47. A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct48. A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health49. A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up50. A. pleasing B. annoying C. common D. valuable51. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable52. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure53. A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate54. A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting(B)One topic is rarely mentioned in all the talk of improving standards in our schools: the almost complete failure of foreign-language teaching. As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whole — such as child-centred learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectatio ns by teachers of pupils — there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.The first is the removal from the curriculum(课程) of the thorough teaching of English 57 . Pupils now do not know a verb from a noun, the subject of a sentence from its object, or the difference between the past, present, or future.Another important error is mixed-ability teaching, or teaching in ability groups so 58 that the most able groups are 59 and are bored while the least able are lost and 60 bored. Strangely enough, few head teachers seem to be in favour of mixed-ability school football teams.Progress depends on memory, and pupils start to forget immediately they stop having 61 lessons. This is why many people who attended French lessons at school, even those who got good grades, have forgotten it a few years later. 62 they never need it, they do not practice it.Most American schools have accepted what is inevitable and 63 modern languages, even Spanish, from the curriculum. Perhaps it is time forBritain to do the same, and stop 64 resources on a subject which few pupils want or need.55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of56. A. errors B. situations C. systems D. methods57. A. vocabulary B. culture C. grammar D. literature58. A. wide B. similar C. separate D. unique59. A. kept out B. turned down C. held back D. left behind60. A. surprisingly B. individually C. equally D. hardly61. A. extra B. traditional C. basic D. regular62. A. Although B. Because C. Until D. Unless63. A. restored B. absorbed C. prohibited D. withdrawn64. A. wasting B. focusing C. exploiting D. sharingIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections：Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them mere are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one mat fits best according to me information given in me passage you have just read.(A)What do you want to be when you grow up? A teacher? A doctor? How about an ice-cream taster?Y es, there really is a job where you can get paid to taste ice-cream. Just ask John Harrison, an “Official T aste T ester” for the past 21 years. T esti ng helps manufacturers to be sure of a product’s quality. During his career Harrison has been responsible for approving large quantities of the sweet ice cream — as well as for developing over 75 flavors (味道).Some people think that it would be easy to do this job, after all, you just have to like ice cream, right? No —there’s more to the job than that, says Harrison, who has a degree in chemistry. He points out that a dairy or food-science degree would be very useful to someone wanting a career in this “cool” field.In a typical morning on the job, Harrison tastes and assesses 60 ice-cream samples. He lets the ice cream warm up to about 12℉. Harrison explains, “Y ou get more flavor from warmer ice cream, wh ich is why some kids like to stir it, creating ice-cream soup.”While the ice cream warms up, Harrison looks over the samples and grades each one on its appearance. “Tasting begins with the eyes,” he explains. He checks to see if the ice cream is attractive and asks himself, “Does the product have the color expected from that flavor?” Next it’s time to taste!Continuing to think up new ideas, try out new flavors, and test samples from so many kinds of ice cream each day keeps Harrison busy but happy —working at one cool job.65. What is John Harrison’s job?A. An official.B. An ice-cream taster.C. A chemist.D. An ice-cream manufacturer.66. According to John Harrison, to be qualified in the “cool field”, it is helpful to ______.A. keep a diary of workB. have a degree in related subjectsC. have new ideas every dayD. find out new flavors each day67. What does Harrison do first when testing ice cream?A. He stirs the ice cream.B. He examines the color of the ice cream.C. He tastes the flavor of the ice cream.D. He lets the ice cream warm up.68. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?A. Tasting with EyesB. Flavors of Ice CreamC. John Harrison’s LifeD. One Cool Job(B)(Y ou may read the questions first,)69. The Fresh Water series at 9 PM ________.A. explores the lakes, rivers and the creatures in themB. is devoted to the freshwater creatures in the worldC. explains the relationship among inhabitants on the earthD. focuses on the deepest river on the planet70. The phrase ―stow away‖ most probably means ―_________‖.A. hide secretlyB. talk excitedlyC. operate easilyD. guide successfully71. A mystery story adapted from Agatha Christie’s novel will be shown on ______.A. BBC1B. BBC2C. ITV1D. Channel 4(C)Mail carriers will be delivering some good news and some bad news this week.The bad news: Stamp prices are expected to rise 2 cents in May to 41 cents, the Postal Regulatory Commission announced yesterday. The good news: With the introduction of a ―forever stamp,‖ it may be the last time Americans have to use annoying 2-or-3-cent stamps to make up postage differences.Beginning in May, people would be able to purchase the stamps in booklets of 20 at the regular rate of a first-class stamp. As the name implies, ―forever stamps‖ will k eep their first-class mailing value forever, even when the postage rate goes up.The new ―forever stamp‖ is the United States Postal Service’s (USPS) answer to the complaints about frequent rate increases. The May increases will be the fifth in a decade. Postal rates have risen because of inflation (通货膨胀), competition from online bill paying, and the rising costs of employee benefits, including healthcare, says Mark Saunders, a spokesman for USPS.The USPS expects some financial gain from sales of the ―forever stamp‖ and the savings from not printing as many 2-or-3-cent stamps. ―It’s not your grandfather’s stamp,‖ says Mr. Saunders. ―It could be your great-grandchildren’s stamp.‖Other countries, including Canada, England, and Finland use similar stamps.Don Schilling, who has collected stamps for 50 years, says he’s interested in the public’s reaction. ―This is an entirely new class of stamps.‖ Mr. Schilling says. He adds that he’ll buy the stamps because he will be able to use them for a long period of time, not because they could make him rich — the volume printed will be too large for collectors. ―We won’t be able to send our kids to college on these,‖ he says, laughing.The USPS board of governors has yet to accept the Postal Regulatory Commission’s decis ion, but tends to follow its recommendations. No plans have been announced yet for the design of the stamps.72. The main purpose of introducing a ―forever stamp‖ is ______.A. to reduce the cost of printing 2-or-3-cent stampsB. to help save the con sumers’ cost on first-class mailingC. to respond to the complaints about rising postal ratesD. to compete with online bill paying73. By saying ―It could be your great-grandchildren’s stamp‖, Mr. Saundersmeans that forever stamps ________.A. c ould be collected by one’s great-grandchildrenB. might be very precious in great-grandchildren’s handsC. might have been inherited from one’s great-grandfathersD. could be used by one’s great-grandchildren even decades later74. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The investment in forever stamps will bring adequate reward.B. America will be the first country to issue forever stamps.C. The design of the ―forever stamp‖ remains to be revealed.D. 2-or-3-cent stamps will no longer be printed in the future.75. What can be concluded from the passage?A. With forever stamps, there will be no need to worry about rate changes.B. Postal workers will benefit most from the sales of forever stamps.C. The inflation has become a threat to the sales of first-class stamps.D. New interest will be aroused in collecting forever stamps.(D)The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition afterMr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business.To raise money for the idea, he toured the City’s private companies which fund new business and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around £500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr.Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhab team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的) advertising space.The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.76. ―Eco-friendly tents‖ in paragraph 1 refer to tents _______.A. economically desirableB. favorable to the environmentC. for holding music performancesD. designed for disaster relief77. Mr. Dunlop established his business ______.A. independently with an interest-free loan from MintB. with the approval of the City’s administrationC. in partnership with a finance groupD. with the help of a Japanese architect78. It is implied in the passage that _______.A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summerB. most performances at British festivals are given in the open airC. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailoredD. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users.79. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. an attempt at developing recyclable tentsB. some efforts at making full use of cardboardsC. an unusual success of a graduation projectD. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals(E)Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.An interview with Wynton Marsalis, a noted jazz musicianThere were the older jazz musicians who hung around our house when I was young. I saw how much they practiced, how serious they were about their art. I knew then I had to work just as hard if I wanted to succeed. Of course, my father inspired me a lot, and many teachers took the time to nurture my talent and the talents of other students in our school.Y es. We’ve done such a poor job with music education because, as a society, we haven’t ma intained the kind of education that a true artist and musician needs. Y oung people haven’t been able to equate romance and talent with music. For instance, most of the people who make it in the music industry today have to look good. How they sound is secondary. Sarah V aughan, Bessie Smith, Ella Fitzgerald —those big, romantic queens of jazz music wouldn’t make it in today’s music industry, and that’s a shame. We need to teach young people about the alternatives.Around the world people make music that, if you listen carefully to it, soundsa little like the cadence of their language. I’d call it folk music. When I’m away from home, I make a point of listening to regional folk music, not what’s on the radio.The same music is on the radio all over the world, and the American sound is overwhelming. Even the pop music that’s produced and created in foreign countries has that American beat, that underscore of funk. As a musician, I’m not interested in hearing recycled versions of the same genre over and over. Any music that doesn’t have a development section just isn’t interesting to me.The music press has so much to introduce these days, and jazz is just a small fraction of it. Because some people are intimidated by jazz, they don’t cover it unless it’s a big name. new jazz musicians don’t get much of break. A lot of editors don’t say anything about jazz these days unless it’s Marsalis. That’s a shame. What VH1 is doing with their Save the Music campaign is phenomenal. They’re getting all these instruments out to needy kids. It’s the kind of thing all networks should be doing.第II卷宗（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、他们的新房子离学校很远。

综测逻辑推理1.小王到商店买衬衫,售货员问她想要哪种颜色的,小王幽默地说：“我不像讨厌黄色那样讨厌红色,我不像讨厌白色那样讨厌蓝色,我不像喜欢粉色那样喜欢红色,我对蓝色不如对黄色那样喜欢”。

小王最后会选择的颜色是A.黄色B.蓝色C.红色D.粉色答案D2.某家庭有6个孩子，3个孩子是女孩。

其中5个孩子有雀斑，4个孩子有卷发。

这表明有可能()。

A.两个男孩有卷发但没有雀斑B.三个有雀斑的女孩都没有卷发C.两个有雀斑的男孩都没有卷发D.三个有卷发的男孩只有一个有雀斑答案C3.MBA是一种高级企业管理人才，其最重要的一点在于企业家精神，具有企业家精神的MBA是市场中的佼佼者。

我国现在有50多所院校都招收MBA，有很多还宣称与国外院校合办，但大多是一些三流院校，有的连正式的教材都没有，其良莠不齐可见一斑。

由此，可推知()。

A．中国缺的不是MBA，而是具有企业家精神的真正的MBAB．中国的MBA都是不合格的C．中国要培养真正的MBA必须与国外知名院校联合D．只有拥有MBA学位的人才能管好企业答案A4.三人在一起猜测晚会节目的顺序。

甲说：“一班第一个出场，二班第三个出场。

”乙说：“三班第一个出场，四班第四个出场。

”丙说：“四班第二个出场，一班第三个出场。

”结果公布后，发现他们的预测都只对了一半。

由以上可以推出，节目的正确出场顺序是（）。

A.四班第一，三班第二，一班第三，二班第四B.二班第一，一班第二，三班第三，四班第四C.三班第一，四班第二，二班第三，一班第四D.一班第一，二班第二，四班第三，三班第四答案C5.某电视综艺节目播出后，节目导演声称该节目达到了当前同类节目的最高水准，因为该节目收视率比同类节目高。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述论证？（）A.参与该节目的嘉宾对节目评价不一B.观众本身就非常喜欢看电视综艺节目C.该导演的微博有几十万条批评此节目的评论D.节目的水准和收视率并无必然关联答案D6.某网购平台发布了一份网购调研报告，分析亚洲女性的网购特点。

第三部分判断推理能力判断推理能力部分包括三种类型题目(共35题)。

一、机械推理(46～50题)：考查应试者对物体的空间关系、物体的基本运动规律等的理解与判断能力。

例题：自行车是靠车轮与地面的摩擦力而行驶的．两个车轮与地面摩擦力的方向是 。

A ．前轮向后，后轮向前B ．前轮向前．后轮向后C ．前轮和后轮都向后D ．前轮和后轮都向前解答：此题正确答案为A 。

请开始答题：46．下图中．若所有的螺钉在同一时刻按照给定的方向转动，中间的方块X 应向——。

A ．A 方向移动B ．B 方向移动C ．C 方向移动D ．D 方向移动47．匀速上升的气球下面用细线栓着一个小礼盒，当细线突然断了以后，礼盒的运动状态将 。

（不计空气阻力）A ．继续匀速上升B ．立即加速下降C ．匀速上升一段距离后再加速下降D ．减速上升一段距离后再加速下降48．在图中标定的风向条件下， 船能最好地维持它的航向。

（图略）49．见下图．当K1、K2和K3三个力施加于P 点后。

P 点的受力方向是A 、B 、C 、D 四个方向中的 。

B50．如图所示，人沿水平方向拉牛，但没有拉动。

下列说法正确的是——。

A ．绳拉牛的力与牛拉绳的力是一对平衡力B ．绳拉牛的力与地面对牛的摩擦力是一对平衡力C ．绳拉牛的力小于牛拉绳的力D．绳拉牛的力小于地面对牛的摩擦力二、定义判断(51。

55题)：每道题先给出一个概念的定义，然后再给出一组事物或性为的例子。

要求你从中选出最符合或不符合该定义的典型事物或行为。

命题假设给出的概念的定义是正确的，不容置疑的。

例题：谋杀：是当一个人不但企图造成死亡，而且也造成了这个人的死亡；或是由于一个人的行为．明明知道其正做着一件可能造成另外的人被杀死的危险的事情，其仍然不顾别人生命而造成他人的死亡。

根据以上定义，下面属于典型谋杀行为的是——。

A．于力清与妻子发生争吵，打了她一巴掌，为的是不让她再哭，不巧将她打倒，她在倒地时头碰在地板上，后来由于头部受伤而死亡B．一位老人得了一种绝症，不能忍受痛苦，请求护士给他服用致死剂量的安眠药，这个护士非常同情老人就给了他，结果致使老人死亡C．曾宪以每小时25公里的速度在拥挤的公路上驾车行驶，没留神，他失去了对汽车的控制，撞上了另外一辆汽车并引起爆炸。

2007年上海市公务员考试《行政职业能力倾向测验》试卷第一部分数理能力数理能力部分包括三种类型的题目(共25题)。

一、数字推理(1—5题)：每道试题给出一组数字，其中缺少一项，要求仔细观察给出数字的排列规律。

然后在4个选项中选择出最符合题意的正确答案。

使之符合该组数字的排列规律。

例题：2，5，10，17，( )，37A．22 B．24 C．26 D．28解答：正确答案是26。

数列的通项公式是n。

+1(n为自然数)，故应选C。

请开始答题1．6，8，10，11，14，14，( )A．16 B．17 C．18 D．202． 12 34 ( ) 98 12 18 27A．6 B．7 C．10 D．113．1 2 1 3 1 44 3 15 7 ？13A．18 B．20 C．24 D．404．2，7，24，77，( )A．198 B．218 C．238 D．2585．0，1/2，8/11，5/6，8/9，（）A．31/34 B．33/36 C．35/38 D．37/40二、数学应用(6—10题)：每道试题中给出表述数字关系的一段文字材料。

要求考生从4个选项中找出最符合题意的正确答案。

例题：某班共有50名学生参加数学和外语两科考试，已知数学成绩及格的有40人，外语成绩及格的有25人，据此可知数学成绩及格而外语成绩不及格者。

A．至少有10人 B．至少有15人 C．有20人 D．至多有30人解答：这是一个集合问题，首先可排除答案D，因为与已知条件“外语及格25人”即“外语不及格25人”不符；其次可排除C，因为仅以外语及格率为50％推算数学及格者(40人)中外语不及格人数为40×50％=20(人)，缺乏依据：实际上，数学及格者中外语不及格的人数至少为25一(50—40)=15(人)，故答案为B．请开始答题：6．某企业计划从2003年起产量每年比上一年增长7％，按此计划2008年产量比2003年增加。

A．35％ B．42％ C．(1+7％)5一1 D．(1+7％)6一l7．某市为合理用电，鼓励各用户安装“峰谷”电表。

2007年全国高考理科综合上海卷10．将空气中的氮气转化成氮的化合物的过程称为固氮。

下图能实现人工固氮的是（）A．闪电 B．电解饱和食盐水车间 C．根瘤 D．合成氨车间【解析】这道题目属于化学部分，人工固氮主要用于合成氮肥，在这里指合成氨【答案】D16．根据下列果实形状判断，不适合借风力传播的是（）【解析】适合借风力传播的果实往往小而轻，或者具有翅或绒毛等结构，从图中看C不适合风力传播【答案】C(上海理综)五．二氧化碳的过量排放，严重影响人类的生存环境，处理和利用二氧化碳是全球关注的重大问题。

48．分析下图，大气中二氧化碳增加的原因有、等。

【解析】大气中二氧化碳增加的原因有两个方面：一方面被利用减少，一方面产出增多，绿色植物减少使二氧化碳利用减少，化石燃料燃烧，森林火灾都使得二氧化碳产出增多【答案】绿色植物减少、汽车排放尾气、森林大火、工厂排放大量二氧化碳49．大气中二氧化碳增加，影响植物的生长。

右图提示我们：随着大气中二氧化碳含量升高A．植物中的有机物的含量降低 B．植物的生长速度降低C．植物光合作用减弱 D．植物光合作用增强【解析】果实越大说明生成的有机物越多，有机物通过植物光合作用合成，二氧化碳是植物光合作用原料，大气中二氧化碳增多使得植物光合作用增强导致果实增大。

【答案】D六、某学生实验小组应用组织培养的原理和技术，设计了一种“植物宝宝”（如下图所示）。

“植物宝宝”是生长在密闭容器中的微型植物，能生长开花，真可谓“缩灵动生命于微景之中”。

54．容器底部是培养基，其中含有植物生长所需的全部养分。

如果有人在配制培养基的矿质元素时使用了NH4NO3、KNO3、CaCl·2H2O、MgSO4·7H2O鳌合铁溶液、微量元素溶液、但缺少了一种必需元素，为补充这种元素，应添加的化合物是（）。

A．Ca(NO3)2 B．KCl C．KH2PO4 D．K2SO4【解析】植物必需矿质元素包括大量元素和微量元素，大量元素有:N P S K Ca Mg，对照已添加化合物，还缺少P元素，所以应该选择答案C【答案】C55．“植物宝宝”制成后，要使其中的微型植物正常生长，容器外必须具备的条件是（）①一定的光照②肥沃的土壤③充足的水分④适当的温度A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④【解析】由于“植物宝宝”是生长在密闭容器中的微型植物，容器外肥沃的土壤、充足的水分都不会被容器内的植物利用，而光照和适当的温度会影响“植物宝宝”的生长【答案】B56．微型植物在密闭的容器里能长期正常呼吸，是因为。

上海科学推理历年真题第二部分判断推理能力（2014年A类）26．同种物质内部相邻部分之间的相互吸引力叫内聚力，两种不同物质接触部分的相互吸引力叫附着力。

在内聚力小于附着力的情况下，就会产生“浸润现象”。

根据以上信息，下列说法正确的是（）。

A.雨衣不透水的原因是由于附着力大于内聚力B.经过防水剂处理的普通棉布可以大大提高水对棉布的附着力C.憎水玻璃是在普通玻璃上涂一层硅有机化合物药膜，可以大幅削弱水玻璃的附着力D.下雨的时候，车前窗玻璃上的雨水会挡住司机的视线，说明水对玻璃的附着力小于内聚力27．如图所示，斜面上放着一只装水的容器。

容器不动的时候，水面AB是水平的；当容器从光滑斜面CD上滑下去时（不考虑摩擦力），容器里水面的情况是（）。

A.仍保持原来水平状态B.水面B点比A 点高C.容器中的水会来回晃动D.水面A点比B点高，且和斜面CD平行28．流体在流动过程中，流速大的地方，压强小，流速小的地方，压强大。

当固体与流体有相对运动时.物体除受到一定阻力外，有时还可能受到与相对速度方向垂直的力。

运动员在足球比赛中发角球时，可以发出‘香蕉球”-—球飞到球门前方时会拐弯进入球门，如图(俯视)所示、这是因为（）。

A.球向前飞进时，绕重心顺时针方向旋转，球外方空气相对流速比球内方小B.球向前飞进时，绕重心顺时针方向旋转，球外方空气相对流速比球内方大C.球向前飞进时，绕重心逆时针方向旋转，球外方空气栩对流速比球内方小D.球向前飞进时，绕重心逆时针方向旋转，球外方空气相对流速比球内方大29．如图所示，平面镜OM与ON垂直放置，在它们的角平分线上P点处，放有一个玻璃球灯，左半部分为浅色，右半部分为深色，在P点左侧较远的地方放有一架照相机，不考虑照相机本身在镜中的成像情况，拍出的照片中有（）。

A.无数个球B.4个球C.3个球D.2个球30．下列各装置中，能构成原电池的是（）。

31．小李的奶奶瘫痪在床，行动不便，小李让保姆住在他奶奶房间的隔壁房间，并且在两个房间各装了一个电铃，使任何一方按下电铃都能让对方的电铃发声。

2007-2016年上海市公务员考试行测科学推理真题合集2016年上海卷64．无线充电，又称为非接触式感应充电，是利用磁场共振原理，由供电设备（充电器）将能量传送至用电的装置，两者之间不用电线连接，因此充电器及用电的装置（）。

A．相对于无线充电来说，有线充电能源转换一次性获得，电能损失小，节能环保B．利用无线充电的设备，可以显著减少设备磨损C．无线充电技术要求高、价格贵是现阶段不能普及的主要原因D．无线传输距离越远，无用功的耗损也就会越大64．【解析】A。

《有线充电技术》与《无线充电技术》各有各的优缺点。

《有线充电技术》的优点：1.能源转换一次性获得，电能损失小，节能环保。

2.交直流转换一次性，不存在中高频电磁辐射。

3.设备技术含量低，经济投入不大，维修方便。

4.电功率的调节范围较宽，适合多种不同电压和电流等级的蓄电瓶储能补给。

《有线充电》的缺点：1.设备的移动搬运和电源的引线过长，主要是人工操作繁琐。

2.设备以及在对电动汽车充电时其公共占地面积过大.3.在人工操作过程中，极易出现设备的过度磨损以及不安全性等因素。

《无线充电技术》的优点：1.利用无线磁电感应充电的设备可做到隐形，设备磨损率低，应用范围广，公共充电区域面积相对的减小，但减小的占地面积份额不会太大。

2.技术含量高，操作方便，可实施相对来说的远距离无线电能的转换，但大功率无线充电的传输距离只限制在5米以内，不会太远。

3.操作方便。

《无线充电技术》的缺点：1.虽然设备技术含量高，但设备的经济成本投入较高，维修费用大。

2.因实现远距离大功率无线磁电转换，所以设备的耗能较高。

无线传输的距离越远，无用功的耗损也就会越大。

3.《无线充电技术》设备本身实现的是二次能源转换，也就是将网电降压（或直接）变为直流电后在进行一次较高频率的开关控制交流变换输出。

由于大功率的交直交电流转换是进行电能的二次性无线传输原因，所以电磁的空间磁损率太大。

65．如图，一般轻弹簧下端固定，竖立在水平面上，其正上方A位置有一只小球，小球从静止开始下降，在B位置接触弹簧的上端，在C位置小球所受弹力大小等于重力，在D位置小球速度减小到零。