词汇与句子结构的测试(精)

英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解及练习英语句⼦成分1．主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物，是句⼦叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）2．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.3．表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.He looks tired. He became mad after that.系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本⾝有词义，但不能单独⽤作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

常见的系动词有:1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…)2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”3）表像系动词：seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste,5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6）终⽌系动词：prove, turn out, "证实"4．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. He hates you.I enjoy working with you.2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?3）双宾语-----间宾（指⼈）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.5. 补语1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜语。

学位英语词汇、结构、语法专项提升练习1．They felt ________ it was high tax and low income ________ contributed to the extreme misery of the working people at the bottom of the ladder.A．/；thatB．that; whichC．that; whatD．/; whichA【答案】A考察从句连词的选择。

根据句子结构可知，第一空为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，股选择that或者省略，第二空为强调句。

句意为，他们认为是高税收和低收入导致了底层工人悲惨的生活。

2．The smartphone _____ to be the best ever, users all over the world claim they love it. A．is judgedB．judgedC．having judgedD．to be judgedB【答案】B【详解】考查独立主格。

句意：这个手机被评为史上最好，全球的使用者都声称喜欢它。

分析句子结构可知，此处为独立主格，逻辑主语smartphone和judge之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形judged。

故选B项。

3．We really appreciate our learning environment, _________ we can have direct communication.A．whomB．whichC．whereD．whenC【答案】C考查非限制性定语从句。

句意：我们非常感激我们的学习环境，在那里我们可以直接交流。

learning environment是先行词指物，排除A和D；先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，排除B，故选C.【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。

学位英语词汇、结构、语法专项提升练习1．_________ the French and their revolution spirit， many countries have chosen to use the same colours on their flags．A．In terms ofB．In case ofC．In response toD．In salute toD【答案】D【详解】考查介词短语辨析。

In terms of按照：B. In case of万一：C. In response to响应；D. In salute to致敬。

句意：为了向法国人民和他们的革命精神致敬，很多国家的国旗使用和法国国旗相同的颜色。

根据句意可知此处表示“向……致敬”，故D项正确。

2．He is old , so his son will _____ the farm.A．take charge ofB．in charge ofC．chargeD．be in the charge ofA【答案】A【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：他老了，所以他的儿子会接管这个农场。

A. take charge of接管；B. in charge of管理；C. charge承担；D. be in the charge of在…的管理下。

根据句意可知，此处应译为“接管”，虽然in charge of也是接管或管理，但是它不能作谓语。

故选A项。

3．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months _____ to begin her propjet.A．was she allowedB．she was allowedC．did she permitD．she permittedA【答案】A试题分析:句意“直到她母亲在前几个月里来帮助她，她才得以开始她的研究项目。

高三英语语法专项复习句子结构及成分考点1.实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。

实义动词也叫行为动词。

实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。

如：He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词)I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词）助动词助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句和倒装句和帮助强调的词。

这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。

⑴帮助构成时态的：The boy is crying.(is 用来构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词)I have been painting all day. （have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时，和painting 一起作谓语，是助动词。

）⑵帮助构成否定句和疑问句的：Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句，没有具体意义，是助动词。

)He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句，没有具体意义，是助动词。

)⑶帮助构成被动语态的Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词)The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词)⑷帮助构成虚拟语气If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气，是助动词，属于谓语的一部分。

)⑸帮助构成倒装句的So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天，他给她买了许多礼物。

首字母填词(2016•湖北荆州)71. Junk food tastes delicious, but it isn’t h______. So we should keep away from it.71. healthy 句意：垃圾食品味道鲜美，但它不健康。

所以我们应该远离它。

根据首字母及句意考虑到单词health, healthy。

分析句子结构知，本空需填一形容词作表语。

故答案为healthy。

(2016•湖北荆州)73. Our teacher has lots of e______ in teaching. So he often makes his class active.句意：我们的老师在教学上有经验丰富。

所以他经常使他的课充满活力。

根据首字母及句意考虑到单词experience，lots of即可修饰可数名词复数也可修饰不可数名词，experience作“经验”讲时为不可数名词，故答案为experience。

(2016•湖北荆州)76. In our English class, we are often d______ into eight groups to parctice conversations.divided 句意：在英语课上，我们经常被分为八组练习对话。

根据首字母及句意考虑到单词divide。

分析句子结构知，该句应用被动语态，故用divide的过去分词divided。

(2016·贵州铜仁) (B) 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，答案书写在答题卡卷Ⅱ各小题规定的位置。

86. T_________ right, and you’ll find it on your left.87. M ________is the second day of a week.88. He cooks very well and he is a c________.89. Everyone must f________ the traffic rules.90. —How is your uncle?—F______, thank you.86. Turn 根据下文“在左边你就能找到它”可知是问路的用语，再根据首字母可知填turn 和right构成短语“向右转”。

第二讲：写作专题一句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语）I.课前检测写作离不开句子，要写好英语句子，首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成，能充当这些成分的各是什么词?1.你知道一个英语句子中，一般都有哪些句子成分吗？2.请分析下面这个短文中句子的句子成分。

（只找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语）My favorite subject is Chinese. I think it is interesting. I also like English. But it’s a little difficult for me. I can speak only a little English. History is interesting, too. I like it. Match is difficult. Mr. Wang is our math teacher. He is very strict. I’m usually tired after his class. But I work hard. I think I can study it well.II.句子成分句子主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分，一般不可缺少;其他成分可根据具体的句子加以选择。

本次主要认识并学习句子的主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语。

一、主语含义：说明句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。

练习：请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么(词，短语或句子)可以充当主语。

1. The boy comes from American.2. He usually went to school alone.3. Studying English is every important.4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.5. That he won the prize excited everyone.6. It is important for us to have our dreams.7. It is obvious that he was wrong.8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.归纳：主语一般由名词、_______,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括_____,______还有_______)。

句子结构分析句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分：主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。

主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

It takes me an hour to get there.2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

分析下列句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.He studies very hard.She likes speaking.I can swim in the river.We don’t like math.He doesn’t watch TV.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

一般由名词或者形容词担任。

表语的位置：用在动词be和系动词的后面。

凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方，后面必定带着表语名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。

学位英语词汇、结构、语法专项提升练习一、选择题1．—I’m sure we’ll have a good time with Henry at your birthday party.—Maybe, but it’s still a question ________ he could spare some time.A．whetherB．thatC．whatD．whichA【答案】A【详解】考查主语从句。

句意：——我确信我们会在你的生日聚会上与Henry玩得开心。

——也许吧，但是他能否抽出时间来还是个问题。

分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，后面的从句是真正的主语，关系词在句中不作成分，但是有词义，表示“是否”，故A项正确。

2．He is old , so his son will _____ the farm.A．take charge ofB．in charge ofC．chargeD．be in the charge ofA【答案】A【详解】考查动词短语辨析。

句意：他老了，所以他的儿子会接管这个农场。

A. take charge of接管；B. in charge of管理；C. charge承担；D. be in the charge of在…的管理下。

根据句意可知，此处应译为“接管”，虽然in charge of也是接管或管理，但是它不能作谓语。

故选A项。

3．It was not until dark _______________ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. A．did he find whatB．when he found thatC．that he found whatD．when he found whatC【答案】C【详解】考查强调句型和名词从句。

句意：直到天黑，他才发现他认为正确的解决问题的方法。