当前位置：文档之家 › 计算机专业英语翻译

计算机专业英语翻译

  • 格式：doc
  • 大小：18.00 KB
  • 文档页数：2

2.1 第二段
The design of the first commercially available mechanical calculator is attributed to Leibniz. It was completed in 1694 and Leibniz demonstrated, for the first time, that binary arithmetic was superior to decimal arithmetic as it simplifies machine construction. Leibniz's machine could add, subtract,multiply,divide and even find square root .Leibniz's machine was a full adder ( you'll learn about a full adder in your Digital Hardware Design course ), in which the carry was saved in the form of the position of a lever. A working model of this machine was exhibited at the Royal Society of London in 1794, but it was somewhat unreliable. It was commercially available in 1820.
第一市售的机械计算器的设计是由于莱布尼茨。

它完成于1694年，莱布尼茨首次证明，该二进制算术优于小数运算的，因为它简化了机械结构。

莱布尼茨的机
器可以加，减，乘，除，甚至发现平方根.莱布尼茨的机器，是一个全加法器（您将了
解在您的数字硬件设计当然全加器），其中结转杆的位置的形式保存。

于1794年在伦敦皇家学会展出的这台机器的工作模式，但它是有点不可靠。

这是在1820年市售。

3.1.1
The control unit is the functional unit that is responsible for supervising the operation of the entire computer system. In some ways, it is analogous to a telephone switch board with intelligence because it makes the connections between various functional units of the computer system and calls into operation each unit that is required by the program currently in operation.
The control unit fetches instructions from memory and determines their types or decodes them. It then breaks each instruction into a series of simple small steps or actions. By doing this, it controls the step-by-step operation of the entire computer system.
该控制单元的功能单位负责监督整个计算机系统操作. 在某些方面，它类似于智能电话开关
板，因为它能连接许多计算机系统的功能单元，并要求到运行的各个单元，按当前运行的程序的需要。

控制单元从存储器中取出指令，并确定其类型或解码.然后将每条指令分解成一系列简单的
小步骤或行动。

通过这样做，它控制着一步一步的整个计算机系统的操作。

.3.2.1
The principal function of main memory is to act as an intermediary between the central processing unit(CPU) and the rest of the computer system components. It functions as a sort of desktop on which you place the things with which you are about to begin to work. The CPU can utilize only those software instructions and data that are stored in main memory.
As you know,main memory is random access memory, or RAM. The name derives from the fact that data can be stored in and retrieved at random from anywhere in the electronic main memory, chips in approxinmately the same amount of time, no matter where the data is.
主要功能的主内存是作为一个中介之间的中央处理单元（中央处理器）和计算机系统的其余部分。

它的功能的桌面上放置的东西与您即将开始工作的排序。

CPU可以利用这些软件的存储在主内存中的指令和数据。

如你所知，主记忆体是随机存取记忆体或RAM。

名称派生的数据可以存储在电子主内存中的任何地方随意检索，数据是在大约相同的时间内，无论是芯片。

4.1.3
The processor sends a command to the device, usually by means of a special programmed I/O register, to start its operation. After the request is made to the device, the processor returns to the main program. When the latency is satisfied and the device is ready to transfer, the device sends an interrupt signal to the processor and the processor services the interrupt and performs the data transfer. Various status reports are sent from the device to the processor by means of the programmed I/O paths.
处理器将命令发送到设备，通常是由一个特殊的可编程I / O寄存器的方式，开始运作。

请求后的设备，处理器返回到主程序。

当延迟满足和设备准备好传送，该设备发送一个中断信号处理器和处理器的服务中断和执行数据传输。

各种状态报告从设备发送到处理器的可编程I / O路径的手段。

合集下载

《计算机专业英语》(中英文对照)

《计算机专业英语》(中英文对照)

UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自动计算机
计算机专业英语
1-4
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
It is hard to say exactly when the modern computer was invented. Starting in the 1930s and through the 1940s, a number of machines were developed that were like computers. But most of these machines did not have all the characteristics that we associate with computers today. These characteristics are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and that it is general purpose.
计算机专业英语 Computer English
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers 2009.9.1
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
Key points: useful terms and definitions of
在 EDVAC 完 成 之 前 ， 其 他 一 些 机 器 建 成 了 ， 它 们 吸 收 了 Eckert 、 Mauchly和Neuman设计的要素。其中一部是在英国剑桥研制的电子延迟 存储自动计算机,或简称EDSAC，它在1949年5月首次运行，它可能是世 界的第一台电子储存程序、通用型计算机投入运行。在美国运行的第一 部计算机是二进制自动计算机,或简称BINAC,它在1949年8月投入运行。
计算机专业英语教程翻译完整版

计算机专业英语教程翻译完整版

1.1A Closer Look at the Processor and PrimaryStorage仔细看看处理器和主存储器We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system — the processor.我们已经知道，所有的计算机都具有相似的能力，并且在本质上执行相同的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。

我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心，并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器。

我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。

计算机专业英语翻译参考

计算机专业英语翻译参考

1.(P1) Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together withpractical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations, such as programming language theory, computational complexity theory, computer graphics and human-computer interaction.计算机科学涉及信息和计算的理论基础，以及这些基础的实施和应用的实际技术，如编程语言理论，计算复杂性理论，计算机图形学和人机交互。

2.(P17) The most important piece of graphics hardware is the graphics card, which is the piece of equipment thatrenders out all images and sends them to a display. There are two types of graphics cards: integrated and dedicated. An integrated graphics card, usually by Intel for use in their computers, is bound to the motherboard and shares RAM (Random Access Memory) with the CPU, reducing the total amount of RAM available. This is undesirable for running programs and applications that use a large amount of video memory. A dedicated graphics card has its own RAM and Processor for generating its images, and does not slow down the computer.Dedicated graphics cards also have higher performance than integrated graphics cards. It is possible to have both dedicated and integrated graphics card, however once a dedicated graphics card is installed, the integrated card will no longer function until the dedicated card is removed.最重要的一块图形硬件是显卡，是一件呈现出所有的图像，并将它们发送到一个显示器的设备。

计算机专业英语及翻译Unit 10

计算机专业英语及翻译Unit 10

Unit 10 Program DesignText 1 Computer LanguagesComputer languages have undergone dramatic evolution since the first electronic computers were built. Early on, programmers worked with the most primitive computer instructions—machine language. These instructions were represented by long strings of ones and zeroes. Soon, assembly language was invented. It maps machine instructions to human-readable mnemonics, such as ADD and MOV.In time, higher-level languages evolved, such as PASCAL, BASIC, COBOL, C, C++, and JA V A. These languages let people work with something approximating words and sentences, such as Let I = 100. These instructions were translated back into machine language by interpreters and compilers. An interpreter translates a program as it reads it, turning the program instructions, or code, directly into actions. A compiler translates the code into an intermediary form. This step is called compiling, and produces an object file. The compiler then invokes a linker, which turns the object file into an executable program.Because interpreters read the code as it is written and execute the code on the spot, interpreters are easy for the programmer to work with. Compilers, however, introduce the extra steps of compiling and linking the code, which is inconvenient. Because the time-consuming task of translating the source code into machine language has already been accomplished, compilers produce a program that is very fast each time it is run.The problems programmers are asked to solve have been changing. Today's programs use sophisticated "user-friendly interfaces," involving multiple windows, menus, and dialog boxes. The programs written to support this new approach are far more complex than those written just ten years ago. Generally, as programming requirements have changed, both languages and the techniques used for writing programs have evolved.参考译文计算机语言自从第一批电子计算机诞生以来，计算机语言已经发生了戏剧性的变化。