倒装句
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倒装句倒装句的定义英语句子的正常语序（Natural Order）是主语在前，谓语在后。
但有时为了语法或修辞上的需要，也可以将谓语至于主语之前，这样的语序就叫做倒装语序（Inverted Order）。
倒装语序分为全部倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）。
全部倒装是将整个谓语至于主语之前；部分倒装只将谓语的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前，如：There is a table in the room. 屋子里有一张桌子。
（全部倒装）Only in this way can we do the work better. 只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。
(部分倒装)一、全部倒装1.在there, here 引导的句子中，谓语是be, exist, seem, live, lie, happen, raise等表示状态的不及物动词。
There is nobody in the classroom. 教室里空无一人。
There seems something wrong with my radio. 这台收音机好像有什么毛病。
There happened an event last week. 上周出了一件事。
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. 山顶有座庙。
There lived a girl named Mary long ago. 很久以前这儿住了一位叫Mary的女孩。
There lies a deep pond at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一口深塘。
There exist different opinions on this question. 关于这个问题还有不同意见。
Here are coats for young people. 这儿有年轻人穿的外衣。
Here is a seat for you, Tom. Tom，这儿有你的座位。
2. 在语气词there, here 引导的句子中,谓语动词用come, go等。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
There goes the thief. 有贼。
Here are the books. 给你书。
Here comes your husband. 你丈夫来了。
注意：如果主语是人称代词，则不需倒装。
There you go again. 你又来这一套。
Here he comes. 他来了。
Here you are. 给你。
Here it is. 在这儿。
3. 副词now, then, thus 引导的句子里，谓语是come, follow, begin, end, be等。
Now comes your turn! 该你了！Then followed a shot of gun. 接着是一声枪响。
Thus ended the meeting. 会议就这样结束了。
4.在in, out, down, up, over, away, off, back, below等表示方向的副词作状语置于句首时，谓语常用动词come, go, rush, run 等不及物动词。
The door opened and in came Mr. Smith, our headmaster.门开了，史密斯先生，我们的校长走了进来。
When tiny white eggs hatch, out come little fat white worms.当很小的白色的卵孵化出来后，肥胖的白色小虫子就出来了。
Up and up go the prices. 价格涨得越来越高。
Down drops the meat into the fox’s m outh! 这块肉往下一落，掉入狐狸的嘴巴里。
Up flew the arrow into the sky. 箭嗖的一声射入天空。
Over turned the huge stone. 这块巨石翻了个滚。
Away ran the prisoner. 这犯人逃跑了。
Off went the horses. 这些马走脱了。
Back fought our soldiers. 我们的士兵还击了。
注意：如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
如：In he came and the lesson began. 他走进来开始上课。
Back they fought. 他们还击了。
Up it flew. 他往上飞走了。
5. 在直接引语全部或部分置于句首时，引用动词和它的主语（名词）往往要倒装。
“You’ve made great progress this term.” said the teacher.“Tom”,said his father, “ You shouldn't make friends with such boys!”注意：1)主语是代词时，倒装不倒装都可以。
“Where are you going?” asked he.(He asked.)2)引用动词另有宾语时，即使主语是名词也不倒装。
“Why didn't you join us？” Our monitor asked us.6. 谓语是be, 表语提前时，整个句子需倒装。
Happy is he who devoted himself to the cause of communism.投身于共产主义事业的他很快乐。
Such was Albert Einstein, a single man of great achievements.7. 地点状语提前，为了保持句子平衡且谓语是be , stand, sit , lie 等动词时。
In the front of the lecture hall sits a professor. 演讲厅的前面坐着一位教授。
On every piece of paper was a picture of a horse. 每张纸上有一幅画有马的画。
From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor’s voice.从墙上的扩音器里传来了医生的声音。
On the ground lay a sick goat. 地上躺着一头生病的山羊。
From the distance came a policeman. 远处来了一个警察。
8. 在分词/形容词+be+主语的结构中，如：Seated in the front are the leaders of the school. 坐在前面的是学校的领导。
Sitting in the front are the leaders of the school. 坐在前面的是学校的领导。
Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday. 黑板上写着昨天迟到的人的姓名。
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授以及许多其他的客人。
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.他们对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
二、部分倒装1、在以so, nor, neither 开头的句子里。
表示前面说的话也适用于另一人或物。
其句型为：so/neither/nor+be(助动词或情态动词)+主语。
So与前面的肯定句呼应，neither/nor与前面的否定句呼应。
(意为“…也是，/…也不是”）She is a teacher. So is her mother. 她是教师，她母亲也是。
You can ride a bike. So can I. 你会骑自行车，我也会。
He has been to Beijing. So have I. 他去过北京，我也去过。
I saw the film last week. So did she. 上星期我看了这部电影，她也看了。
I have never been abroad. Neither has he. 我从未出过国，他也没有出过。
I am not interested in maths. Neither is he. 我对数学不感兴趣，他也不感兴趣。
I didn’t go to the cinema last night. Nor did he. 昨晚我没有去看电影，他也没有去。
I don’t know whether he will come or not, nor do I care. 我不知道他来不来，我也不关心他是否要来。
注意：１）如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装。
（…确实是）“It is hot today”,“So it is.”“He finished it on time.”“So he did.”2) 如按照别人的意思做了什么事，so也不用倒装(…某人照办了）The teacher asked me to read louder, and I did so.3) So…和Neither(Nor)…都可用So it is with…来代替，如：Tom studies hard. So does Mary. (or: So it is with Mary.) 汤姆学习努力，玛丽学习也努力。
Tom isn’t nervous. Neither(Nor) is Mary.(or: So it is with Mary.) 汤姆不紧张，玛丽也不紧张。
4) 当前面两件事或两件以上的事也适合于另一个人或物时，通常不用“so/neither/nor…”而使用“so it is with…”（=“It i s the same with…”）Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t like dancing. So it is with Mary.Tom is clever and he studies hard. So it is with Mary.2. 在疑问句里。
Do you have an English class every day?What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?3. 不带if的虚拟条件从句中。
