D-Panthenol_COA_27574_MedChemExpress

大豆皂苷对D—半乳糖胺及内毒素所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用目的：研究大豆皂苷对D-半乳糖胺（GalN）及内毒素（LPS）联合诱发的急性肝损伤的保护作用。

方法：将实验小鼠按体重随机分为5组，即正常组、模型组、阳性对照水飞蓟素组（0.10 mmol·kg-1）及大豆皂苷高、低剂量组（0.24，0.12 mmol·kg-1）。

每日给药1次，连续7 d。

实验末期，除正常组外，其余组小鼠腹腔注射GalN和LPS建立急性肝损伤模型，苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法观察肝组织病理学变化，ELISA法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α），比色法检测血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）以及肝脏过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮（NO）含量和Caspase-3，Caspase-8活化水平。

结果：大豆皂苷明显降低GalN和LPS联合诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT，AST活性，减轻肝组织病理损伤，降低血清TNF-α水平，降低肝NO和MDA水平，升高肝组织CAT，GPx，GST活性和GSH水平，降低肝组织Caspase-3和Caspase-8活化水平。

结论：大豆皂苷对GalN和LPS联合诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用，其机制可能与其抗氧化活性和抗肝细胞凋亡作用有关。

标签：大豆皂苷；肝损伤；抗氧化；凋亡流行病学调查证实，常食大豆有助于预防癌症和心血管疾病的发生，而这些均与大豆中的异黄酮和皂苷等活性物质密切相关。

大豆皂苷是存在于大豆中的一类五环三萜的糖苷，主要分为A类、B类、E类和DDMP皂苷[1]。

具有抗氧化、抗癌、防治心血管疾病及免疫增强等多种药理作用[2-3]。

研究还表明，大豆皂苷对酒精性肝损伤以及半刀豆球蛋白A所致免疫性肝损伤具有保护作用[4-5]。

本实验通过建立D-半乳糖胺（GalN）及内毒素（LPS）联合诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤模型，观察大豆皂苷对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用，为大豆皂苷的开发利用提供科学依据。

Product Information MINIMUM ESSENTIAL MEDIUM EAGLED-VALINE MODIFICATIONProduct Number M7395Storage Temperature 2-8°CProduct DescriptionMinimum Essential Medium (MEM), developed by Harry Eagle, is one of the most widely used of all synthetic cell culture media. Early attempts to cultivate normal mammalian fibroblasts and certain subtypes of HeLa cells revealed that they had specific nutritional requirements that could not be met by Eagle’s Basal Medium (BME). Subsequent studies using these and other cells in culture indicated that additions to BME could be made to aid growth of a wider variety of fastidious cells. MEM, which incorporates these modifications, includes higher concentrations of amino acids. MEM has been used for cultivation of a wide variety of cells grown in monolayers. Optional supplementation of non-essential amino acids to the formulations that incorporate either Hanks’ or Earle’s salts has broadened the usefulness of this medium. The formulation has been further modified by optional elimination of calcium to permit growth of cells in suspension culture.MINIMUM ESSENTIAL MEDIUM EAGLE, Product No. M 7395 is one of the cell culture media available from Sigma. The selection of a nutrient medium is strongly influenced by 1] type of cell, 2] type of culture [monolayer, suspension, clonal] and 3] degree of chemical definition necessary. It is important to review the literature for recommendations concerning medium, supplementation and physiological parameters required for a specific cell line.Components g/L Calcium Chloride•2H2O0.265 Magnesium Sulfate (anhydrous)0.09767 Potassium Chloride0.4 Sodium Chloride 6.8 Sodium Phosphate Monobasic0.122 (anhydrous)L-Arginine•HCl0.126L-Cystine•2HCl0.0313 L-Glutamine0.292L-Histidine•HCl•H2O0.042L-Isoleucine0.052L-Leucine0.052L-Lysine•HCl0.0725 L-Methionine0.015L-Phenylalanine0.032L-Threonine0.048L-Tryptophan0.01L-Tyrosine•2Na•2H2O0.0519D-Valine0.092 Choline Chloride0.001Folic Acid0.001myo-Inositol0.002 Niacinamide0.001D-Pantothenic Acid (hemicalcium)0.001 Pyridoxal•HCl0.001 Riboflavin0.0001 Thiamine•HCl0.001 Glucose 1.0 Phenol Red•Na0.011Precautions and DisclaimerREAGENTFor In Vitro Diagnostic UsePreparation InstructionsPowdered media are extremely hygroscopic and should be protected from atmospheric moisture. The entire contents of each package should be used immediately after opening. Preparing a concentrated solution of medium is not recommended as precipitates may form. Supplements can be added prior to filtration or introduced aseptically to sterile medium. The nature of the supplement may affect storage conditions and shelf life of the medium.1.Measure out 90% of final required volume ofwater. Water temperature should be 15-20°C.2.While gently stirring the water, add thepowdered medium. Stir until dissolved. Do NOTheat.3.Rinse original package with a small amount ofwater to remove all traces of powder. Add tosolution in step 2.4.To the solution in step 3, add 2.2 g sodiumbicarbonate or 29.3 ml of sodium bicarbonatesolution [7.5%w/v] for each liter of final volumeof medium being prepared. Stir until dissolved.5.While stirring, adjust the pH of the medium to0.1-0.3 pH units below the desired pH since itmay rise during filtration. The use of 1N HCl or1N NaOH is recommended.6.Add additional water to bring the solution tofinal volume.7.Sterilize immediately by filtration using amembrane with a porosity of 0.22 microns.8.Aseptically dispense medium into sterilecontainer.Storage/StabilityStore the dry powdered medium at 2-8°C under dry conditions and liquid medium at 2-8°C in the dark. Deterioration of the powdered medium may be recognized by any or all of the following: [1] color change, [2] granulation/clumping, [3] insolubility. Deterioration of the liquid medium may be recognized by any or all of the following: [1] pH change, [2] precipitate or particulate matter throughout the solution, [3] cloudy appearance [4] color change. The nature of supplements added may affect storage conditions and shelf life of the medium. Product label bears expiration date.ProcedureWater for tissue culture use [W-3500]Sodium Bicarbonate [S-5761] orSodium Bicarbonate Solution, 7.5% [S-8761]1N Hydrochloric Acid [H-9892]1N Sodium Hydroxide [S-2770]Medium additives as requiredProduct ProfileAppearance off-white powder Moisture content 2.0% Solubility clear solution at 1x concentrationpH at room temperature 5.8 ± 0.3 [without sodium bicarbonate]pH at room temperature 7.5 ± 0.3 [with sodium bicarbonate]Osmolality250 mOsm/kg H2O ± 5% [without sodium bicarbonate]Osmolality290 mOsm/kg H2O ± 5% [with sodium bicarbonate]Amino Acid Analysis Analysis has confirmedby HPLC that amino acids are present atconcentrations consistent withthe formula.Key Element Analysis Analysis has confirmed that by ICAP key elements are present atconcentrations consistent withthe formula.BIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Biological performance is assessed using an appropriate cell line(s). Growth studies are carried through 2 subculture generations. Cells are counted and growth is plotted as a logarithmic function of time in culture. Seeding efficiencies, doubling time, and final cell densities are determined. During the testing period cultures are examined microscopically for atypical morphology and evidence of cytotoxicity. Test results are available upon request.References1.Eagle, H. et al (1956) myo-Inositol as anEssential Growth Factor for Normal andMalignant Human Cells in Tissue Culture.J.Biol. Chem. 214, 845-847.2.Eagle, H.(1976) Media for Animal Cell Culture.Tissue Culture Association Manual. 3, 517-520.3.Eagle, H. (1959). Amino Acid Metabolism inMammalian Cell Cultures. Science. 130, 432-437.4.Eagle, H. (1955) Nutrition Needs of MammalianCells in Culture. Science. 122, 501.5.Gilbert, S.F. and Migeon, B.R. (1975) D-valineas a selective agent for normal human androdent epithelial cells in culture. Cell. 5, 11-17.7H027Sigma brand products are sold through Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. warrants that its products conform to the information contained in this and other Sigma-Aldrich publications. Purchaser must determine the suitability of the product(s) for their particular use. Additional terms and conditions may apply. Please see reverse side ofthe invoice or packing slip.。

奥贝胆酸联合白藜芦醇对小鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的治疗作用高川;姚宜山;周奎臣;付海洋;王金柱;梁霞霞;王瑜【期刊名称】《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》【年(卷),期】2022(36)5【摘要】目的探索奥贝胆酸(OCA)和白藜芦醇(RSV)联合应用对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)模型小鼠的治疗作用和机制。

方法雄性C57BL/6N小鼠42只,除正常对照组8只外,其余用1%四氯化碳(CCl_(4))按5 mL·kg^(-1)每周ip注射1次联合高脂饲料喂食4周诱导NAFLD模型。

建模小鼠分为模型对照组、模型+OCA组、模型+RSV组和模型+OCA+RSV组,OCA和RSV均30 mg·kg^(-1) ig给药连续28 d。

小鼠处死取血制备血清,取肝称重计算肝指数,HE染色观察肝组织病理形态,油红O染色检测肝细胞脂质沉积并统计脂滴面积百分比;全自动生化分析仪和检测试剂盒检测血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平;Western印迹法检测肝组织沉默信息调节因子1(Sirt1)、NF-κB和p-NF-κB蛋白表达水平。

结果与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠肝指数显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,各给药组肝指数显著降低(P<0.01);与模型+RSV相比,模型+OCA+RSV组肝指数降低更加明显(P<0.05)。

与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠肝组织有大量脂肪空泡和炎症损伤,油红O染色后细胞内有大量红色脂滴,血清GPT,GOT,TC,LDL,MDA,IL-1β,IL-6和TNF-α水平及肝组织NF-κB蛋白表达和磷酸化水平显著升高(P<0.01),血清HDL水平和肝组织Sirt1表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。

高尔基体概述高尔基体（Golgi apparatus）是由许多扁平的囊泡构成的以分泌为主要功能的细胞器。

又称高尔基器或高尔基复合体；在高等植物细胞中称分散高尔基体。

最早发现于1855年，1898年由意大利人卡米洛•高尔基（Camillo Golgi，1844-1926）在光学显微镜下研究银盐浸染的猫头鹰神经细胞内观察到了清晰的结构，因此定名为高尔基体。

因为这种细胞器的折射率与细胞质基质很相近，所以在活细胞中不易看到。

高尔基体从发现至今已有100多年的历史，其中一半以上的时间是进行关于高尔基体的形态甚至是它是否真实存在的争论。

细胞学家赋予它几十种不同的名称，也有很多人认为高尔基体是由于固定和染色而产生的人工假像。

直到20世纪50年代应用电子显微镜才清晰地看出它的亚显微结构。

它不仅存在于动植物细胞中，而且也存在于原生动物和真菌细胞内。

形态与组成高尔基体是由数个扁平囊泡堆在一起形成的高度有极性的细胞器。

常分布于内质网与细胞膜之间，呈弓形或半球形，凸出的一面对着内质网称为形成面（forming face）或顺面（cis face）。

凹进的一面对着质膜称为成熟面（mature face）或反面（trans face）。

顺面和反面都有一些或大或小的运输小泡，在具有极性的细胞中，高尔基体常大量分布于分泌端的细胞质中。

顺面和反面都有一些或大或小的运输小泡（图6-24），在具有极性的细胞中，高尔基体常大量分布于分泌端的细胞质中（图6-25）。

图6-24高尔基体各部分的名称图6-25培养的上皮细胞中高尔基体的分布（高尔基体为红色，核为绿色）引自/因其看上极像滑面内质网，因此有科学家认为它是由滑面内质网进化而来的。

扁平囊的直径为1μm，由单层膜构成，膜厚6~7nm，中间形成囊腔，周缘多呈泡状，4~8个扁平囊在一起，某些藻类可达一二十个，构成高尔基体的主体，称为高尔基堆（Golgi stack）。

高尔基体膜含有大约60%的蛋白和40%的脂类，具有一些和ER共同的蛋白成分。