lesson 3 The use of force

the use of force 的艺术特色《The Use of Force》（武力的应用）是一篇由威廉·卡尔洛斯·威廉斯（William Carlos Williams）创作的短篇小说，首次发表于1938年。

本文描述了一位医生在执行诊疗任务时，遭遇困难而不得不使用武力，以达到诊断与治疗的目的。

本文的艺术特色包括精细的人物刻画、紧凑的情节结构以及悖论的冲突。

首先，本文以医生和小女孩之间的角力为主要情节，通过对两个角色的深入刻画，展现了复杂且紧张的心理世界。

医生作为一位威望的医生，渴望帮助患者，但他也被小女孩的抵抗所激怒。

他在内心中产生了对小女孩的愤怒和冷酷的情绪。

与此同时，小女孩也展示出了坚强、顽强的一面。

她不屈服于医生的威胁和恐吓，而是坚持自己的想法。

两个角色之间的心理斗争展示了人性的复杂性和内心世界的纷扰。

其次，作者通过紧凑的情节结构，将读者带入紧张的场景，使其感受到武力行为所带来的紧迫感。

故事发生在医生家中的一间小房间里，这个狭小的空间不仅加剧了医生和小女孩之间的对抗，也凸显出冲突的紧张感。

小女孩抵抗医生的尝试，医生则不断升级武力，最终使得小女孩咳嗽出了她认为可能患有白喉的痰。

情节的紧凑与紧张，使读者在阅读过程中深刻体验到了医生与小女孩之间应对的紧迫感。

最后，本文中存在着悖论的冲突，体现了人性与道义、病痛与健康等问题之间的矛盾。

医生在使用武力的过程中，出于治疗患者的目的，但也可能伤害患者的身体与心灵。

医生在与小女孩的搏斗中，使用了各种手段，甚至动机稍有问题；而小女孩则因为医生的武力行动帮助了她，却也感到被侵犯和伤害。

这样的冲突体现了人性的复杂性，以及道义和实际行动之间的矛盾。

总之，《The Use of Force》通过精细的人物刻画、紧凑的情节结构以及悖论的冲突，展示了复杂而真实的人性世界。

小说揭示了人与人之间的斗争，以及道义与现实之间的冲突，引发读者对于医疗行业、伦理道德以及人与人之间关系的深思。

The use of force大意: Mathilda had been ill for three days. Her mother had given her some medicine, but it didn’t do any good. So they had to ask the doctor to come. There had been a number of cases of diphtheria in Mathilda School and two of them had been dead. When the doctor arrived at Olson’s home, he wanted to examine Mathilda throat first. But no matter how he coaxed, She wouldn’t open her mouth. So the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth. But Mathilda reduced it to splinters. In orde r to protect Mathilda herself and other children, the doctor had to make sure whether she had diphtheria or not, so that he could treat her in time. Letting Mathilda‘s father hold her wrists he tried his best to open her mouth and found she really had diphtheria. This story made us can think such a question that something in life can’t only depend on self-willingness. Under some circumstances, certain force seems necessary.对医生的评价:After the doctor arrived at the girl’s home, he wanted to see her throat. As there had been a number of cases of diphtheria in the school to which the girl went during that month, the doctor also thought that of the girl. So he smiled to the girl and asked her to open her mouth and let him have a look at her throat. No matter how the doctor coaxed, the girl shut her mouth firmly.Thinking that the girl might have diphtheria and possibly die of it, the doctor decided to use force to open her mouth. He had seen at least two children lying dead in bed of neglect in such cases. He felt that he must get a diagnosis now. So he grasped the girl’s head with his left hand and tried to get the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth. But when the doctor got the wooden spatula behind her last teeth. She gripped the blade between her molars and reduced it to splinters. In the final unreasoning assault the doctor outer powered the girl. He forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged. Her both tonsils were covered with membrane.From that the doctor had done, I thought he was a responsible person. In order to save the lives of the patients, especially those children who did not know how to co-operate with the doctor, he had to take some measure. Otherwise a good or suitable time of treatment would be missed. The doctor appears to be compassionate and keen to human behavior, characteristic of a good doctor, though he is also undeniably blunt and slightly prejudiced.思想: Though there are reasons often justifiable, what compels the use of force against others isn't simply altruism alone. The overall theme of the story revolves around power and submission and the doctor's unnerved feeling following the forceful encounter.作者如何写的: The story is narrated in first person by a doctor, who is answering a house visit to see a sick girl. Williams uses interior monologue as a"stream-of-consciousness" tool reflects the narrator's experience of dialogue and gives insight into the character and his appraisal of the situations he encounters. The story is written without the use of quotation marks, and the dialogue is not distinguished from the narrator's comments. The story is rendered from the subjective point of view of the doctor, and explores his subdued enjoyment of forcefully subduing the stubborn child in an attempt to acquire the throat sample.。

新概念第三册课文翻译及学习笔记第一课：A Puma at Large翻译：大自由行的美洲狮学习笔记：这篇文章讲述了一个关于美洲狮逃跑的故事。

故事中，一只美洲狮从克鲁格国家公园逃出，引起了人们的恐慌。

然而，野生动物专家迅速采取行动，成功地将它捕获并带回了公园。

这个故事告诉我们人类与野生动物之间的关系，以及保护野生动物的重要性。

第二课：Are you a good traveller?翻译：你是一个好旅行者吗？学习笔记：这篇文章是一篇讨论旅行者特质的文章。

它提示我们成为好旅行者的关键特征，包括尊重当地文化和环境，保持积极的态度，以及对他人友好和乐于助人。

通过这篇文章，我们可以学习到如何成为一个更好的旅行者，并更好地享受旅行的乐趣。

第三课：The Last Leaf翻译：最后一片叶子学习笔记：这篇文章讲述了一个关于友谊和生命的故事。

故事中，一个艺术家生病了，她相信一旦附近的一棵树失去了最后一片叶子，她就会死去。

然而，她的朋友精心绘制了一片假叶子并将其悄悄地贴在了树上，使她相信自己已经康复。

这个故事强调了友谊的力量以及积极的心态对生活的重要性。

第四课：Saved by a Dolphin翻译：海豚的救助学习笔记：这篇文章讲述了一个冒险者在海上遇险后被海豚所救的故事。

故事中，当冒险者摔入水中时，一只海豚出现并让他抓住它的背鳍，将他带回了岸边。

这个故事告诉我们海豚是聪明而善良的动物，并且可以帮助人类。

它还强调了保护海洋生态系统的重要性。

第五课：An Unknown Goddess翻译：一个未知的女神学习笔记：这篇文章讲述了一个在海滩上发现雕像的故事。

主人公发现了一个美丽的女神雕像，并将其带回了家。

然而，当他向博物馆展示时，他们告诉他这是一个罕见而珍贵的古代艺术品。

这个故事强调了珍贵文化遗产的保护和对艺术的欣赏。

第六课：An invitation翻译：一封邀请函学习笔记：这篇文章是一篇关于社交活动的邀请函。

它描述了一个朋友邀请作者参加一个晚宴的情况。

the use of force人物解读"The Use of Force" is a short story written by American author William Carlos Williams. It follows the perspective of a doctor who struggles to gain the cooperation of a young girl during a medical examination. Through this examination, the doctor's character is revealed, offering insight into his motivations, attitudes, and the ethics of using force in certain situations.The central character in "The Use of Force" is the doctor, who remains unnamed. He is depicted as a determined and professional physician who is genuinely concerned about his young patient's health. However, as the story progresses, it becomes apparent that the doctor's motivations extend beyond providing medical care.The doctor's character analysis reveals a complex and conflicting personality. On one hand, he is dedicated to his profession, passionate about bringing relief and healing to his patients. On the other hand, he displays signs of frustration and aggression when dealing with the uncooperative girl. This indicates a potential power struggle within him, as his desire to help clashes with his need to assert control.While the use of force is justified in certain medical situations, the doctor's approach raises ethical questions. His determination to examine the girl's throat, even against her will, raises concerns about patient autonomy and consent. This conflict between providing necessary medical care and respecting personal boundaries highlights the fine line that healthcare professionals often walk.In summary, "The Use of Force" provides a character study of a doctor struggling with the use of force in a medical setting. Through his actions and demeanor, the doctor's motivations and ethics are revealed. The story raises important questions about the balance between providing healthcare and respecting personal autonomy.。

Unit 2I.W ord Studybitter: adj. 1) not sweet, tasting like beer eg: Good medicine tastes bitter. 2) hard to bear; causing sorrow eg:That failure was a bitter experience for him.3) filled with or showing envy, hatred, remorse or disappointment eg: bitter quarrels/words/enemies/tears 4) piercing cold eg: a bitter win (Antonyms: grateful thankful) fight to the bitter end 战斗到底take the bitter with the sweet接受顺境也接受逆境broke:adj. without any money eg: He went broke. Synonyms: penniless impoverished bankruptbroken a broken home破裂的家庭 a broken promise背弃的诺言a broken spirit消沉的意志broken English蹩脚的英语cover: (coverage uncover) v. 1) to place or hide sth. over in order to hide or protect eg: He had to cover his ears when the noise became really unbearable.2) to have… in size eg: This national park covers roughly 400 square miles of beautiful land.3) to travel a certain distance eg: By sunset they had covered 30 miles.4) to include eg: The 700-dollar rent does not cover water, electricity and telephone service. 5) to protect sb. by aiming a gun at the enemy eg: He began to move towards the house carefully, and Bob covered him. 6) (of money) to be enough for eg: $1,000 will cover his needs for the journey.credit: n. (adj. creditable) 1) delayed payment 赊账；信贷He bought this car on credit. eg: The bank refused further credits to the company. 2) praise 光荣；功劳eg: We must give her credit for our discovery.I think that he deserves all the credit for lifting the villagers out of poverty. 3) sth. that can bring honor or pride to sb. eg: These Olympic gold medalists are no doubt a great credit to our country.4) recognition for a successfully completed course at the university eg: The professor decided to give him full credit for the exam. 5) money shown as owned by a person, company in a bank account eg: You have a credit balance of $500. 6) belief; trust; confidence eg: The rumor is gaining credit.Drip v. to fall or let sth. fall in very small drops n. the drop-by-drop falling of a liquideg:The tap is dripping. His paintbrush is dripping. It’s so hot that he’s dripping with sweat.There was no noise except for the drip, drip, drip of water.druggist: n. sb. who is trained to prepare drugs and medicines and works in a shop (chemist; pharmacist)take/use drugs 吸毒drug abuse 滥用毒品drug addiction/addict 毒品上瘾/上瘾者drug dealer 毒品贩子miracle drug 有奇效的药物drugstore 药店；杂货店glimpse: v. to see sb or sth. for a moment without getting a complete view of them (synonym :glance)eg. I glimpsed her face in the crowd, but then she was gone.n. get/catch a glimpse of /a glimpse of what life might be like in the futureharness n. a piece of equipment for controlling a horse worn over the horse’s head and shouldersv. to control and use the natural force of sth.Intimate (intimately adv. intimacy n.) adj. 1) having an extremely close relationship eg. They are intimate friends. She’s on intimate terms with important people in the government. 2) private and personal eg. tell afriend the intimate details of one’s life3) resulting from close study or great familiarity eg. an intimate knowledge of Greek philosophy (Antonyms: distant formal remote)lick: v. 1) to pass the tongue over or under eg. The cat was licking its paws. 2) (esp. of flames, waves) to touch lightly eg. He dashed into the house to save the child despite the licking flames.他不顾四下乱窜的火舌，冲进屋里抢救那个孩子。

theuseofforce写作背景
摘要：
1.引言：介绍写作背景
2.背景概述：解释"the use of force"的含义
3.写作目的：说明本文的目标
4.写作思路：介绍文章的结构和内容
5.结论：总结全文
正文：
在当今世界，武力作为一种解决问题的手段，时常出现在我们的生活中。

无论是国家间的冲突，还是个人之间的纷争，都可能涉及到武力的使用。

因此，了解武力的使用及其背景显得尤为重要。

这就是本文将要探讨的主题：“the use of force”的写作背景。

首先，我们需要明确“the use of force”的含义。

它不仅仅包括物理上的武力，如战争、暴力等，还包括经济、文化等方面的压力。

这种力量的使用，往往会对社会产生深远的影响。

那么，为何要讨论这个主题呢？这是因为，武力的使用不仅能够改变世界的格局，还能够影响到每一个人的生活。

了解武力的使用，能够让我们更好地理解世界，更好地保护自己。

因此，本文的目标就是深入探讨武力的使用，以及其背后的各种因素。

我们将从历史、政治、经济等多个角度，分析武力如何影响我们的生活，以及我们如何应对这种影响。

在接下来的文章中，我们将首先回顾历史，看看武力在过去是如何被使用
的。

然后，我们将探讨武力在现代世界中的使用，特别是它在政治和经济领域的应用。

最后，我们将讨论如何应对武力的使用，以便更好地保护自己和我们所关心的人。

总的来说，了解武力的使用及其背景，是我们理解世界、保护自己的重要途径。

Lesson 3: The Use of ForceThey were new patients to me, all I had was the name, Olson. "Please come down as soon as you can, my daughter is very sick."When I arrived I was met by the mother, a big startled looking woman, very clean and apologetic who merely said, Is this the doctor? And let me in. In the back, she added. You must excuse us, doctor, we have her in the kitchen where it is warm. It is very damp here sometimes.The child was fully dressed and sitting on here father's lap near the kitchen table. He tried to get up, but I motioned for him not to bother, took off my overcoat and started to look things over. I could see that they were all very nervous, eyeing me up and down distrustfully. As often, in such cases, they weren't telling me more than they had to, it was up to me to tell them; that's why they were spending three dollars on me.The child was fairly eating me up with her cold, steady eyes, and no expression on her face whatever. She did not move and seemed, inwardly, quiet; an unusually attractive little thing, and as strong as a heiferin appearance. But her face was flushed, she was breathing rapidly, and I realized that she had a high fever. She had magnificent blonde hair, in profusion. One of those picture children often reproduced in advertising leaflet s and the photogravure sections of the Sunday papers.She's had a fever for three days, began the father and we don't know what it comes from. My wife has given her things, you know, like people do, but it don't do no good. And there's been a lot of sickness around. So we tho't you'd better look her over and tell us what is the matter.As doctors often do I took a trial shot at it as a point of departure. Has she had a sore throat?Both parents answered me together, No...No, she says her throat don't hurt her.Does your throat hurt you? Added the mother to the child. But the little girl's expression didn't change nor did she move her eyes from my face.Have you looked?I tried to, said the mother but I couldn't see.As it happens we had been having a number of cases of diphtheria in the school to which this child went during that month and we were all, quite apparently, thinking of that, though no one had as yet spoken of the thing.Well, I said, suppose we take a look at the throat first. I smiled in my best professional manner and asking for the child's first name I said, come on, Mathilda, open your mouth and let's take a look at your throat.Nothing doing.Aw, come on, I coaxed, just open your mouth wide and let me take a look. Look, I said opening both hands wide, I haven't anything in my hands. Just open up and let me see.Such a nice man, put in the mother. Look how kind he is to you. Come on, do what he tells you to. He won't hurt you.As that I ground my teeth in disgust. If only they wouldn't use the word "hurt" I might be able to get somewhere. But I did not allow myself to be hurried or disturbed but speaking quietly and slowly I approached the child again.As I moved my chair a little nearer suddenly with one catlike movement both her hands clawed instinctively for my eyes and she almost reached them too. In fact she knocked my glasses flying and they fell, though unbroken, several feet away from me on the kitchen floor.Both the mother and father almost turned themselves inside out in embarrassment and apology. You bad girl, said the mother, taking her and shaking her by one arm. Look what you've done. The nice man...For heaven's sake, I broke in. Don't call me a nice man to her. I'm here to look at her throat on the chance that she might have diphtheria and possibly die of it. But that's nothing to her. Look here, I said to the child, we're going to look at your throat. You're old enough to understand what I'm saying. Will you open it now by yourself or shall we have to open it for you?Not a move. Even her expression hadn't changed. Her breaths, however, were coming faster and faster. Then the battle began. I had to do it. I had to have a throat culture for her own protection. But first I told the parents that it was entirely up to them. I explained the danger but said that I would not insist on a throat examination so long as they would take the responsibility.If you don't do what the doctor says you'll have to go to the hospital, the mother admonished her severely.Oh yeah? I had to smile to myself. After all, I had already fallen in love with the savage brat, the parents were contemptible to me. In the ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject, crushed, exhausted while she surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me.The father tried his best, and he was a big man but the fact that she was his daughter, his shame at her behavior and his dread of hurting her made him release her just at the critical times when I had almost achieved success, till I wanted to kill him. But his dread also that she might have diphtheria made him tell me to go on, go on though he himself was almost fainting, while the mother moved back and forth behind us raising and lowering her hands in an agony of apprehension.Put her in front of you on your lap, I ordered, and hold both her wrists.But as soon as he did the child let out a scream. Don't, you're hurting me. Let go of my hands. Let them go I tell you. Then she shrieked terrifyingly, hysterically. Stop it! Stop it! You're killing me!Do you think she can stand it, doctor! Said the mother.You get out, said the husband to his wife. Do you want her to die of diphtheria?Come on now, hold her, I said.Then I grasped the child's head with my left hand and tried to get the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth. She fought, with clenched teeth, desperately! But now I also had grown furious-at a child. I tried to hold myself down but I couldn't. I know how to expose a throat for inspection. And I did my best. When finally I got the wooden spatula behind the last teeth and just the point of it into the mouth cavity, she opened up for an instant but before I could see anything she came down again and gripped the wooden blade between her molar s. She reduces it to splinters before I could get it out again.Aren't you ashamed, the mother yelled at her. Aren't you ashamed to act like that in front of the doctor?Get me a smooth-handled spoon of some sort, I told the mother. We're going through with this. The child's mouth was already bleeding. Her tongue wascut and she was screaming in wild hysterical shrieks. Perhaps I should have desist ed and come back in an hour or more. No doubt it would have been better. But I have seen at least two children lying dead in bed of neglect in such cases, and feeling that I must get a diagnosis now or never I went at it again. But the worst of it was that I too had got beyond reason.I could have torn the child apart in my own fury and enjoyed it. It wasa pleasure to attack her, my face was burning with it.The damned little brat must be protected against her own idiocy, one says to one's self at such times. Others must be protected against her. It is a social necessity. And all these things are true. But a blind fury, a feeling of adult shame, bred of a longing for muscular release are the operatives. One goes on to the end.In the final unreasoning assault I overpowered the child's neck any jaws.I forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gag ged. And there it was - both tonsil s covered with membrane. She had fought valiantly to keep me from knowing her secret. She had been hiding that sore throat for three days at least and lying to her parents in order to escape just such an outcome as this.Now truly she was furious. She had been on the defensive before but now she attacked, Tried to get off her father's lap and fly at me while tears of defeat blinded her eye.。

新概念3课文解析逃遁的美洲狮 Lesson 01 A Puma at largePumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, asthe evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to haveseen the puma were extraordinarily similar.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morningand at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of "cat-like noises' atnight and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for severalweeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.生狮和短狮New words and expressionspuma美洲狮n.spot看出～狮狮v.evidence狮据n.accumulate狮累～狮聚v.oblige使……感到必狮v.hunt追狮～狮找n.blackberry黑莓n.human being人狮corner使走投无路～使陷入困境v.trail一串～一系列n.print印痕n.cling看出狮狮 spot v.,强狮狮果辨狮出看狮狮狮狮狮= see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of , , , ,-- A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.-- He has good eye for spotting mistakes.同意狮,,强狮狮狮的狮果 ,狮出事狮相真-- find/ find out,做出重大狮狮 ,注意到-- discover/ notice,狮察 ,狮察活狮中的人或面画-- observe/ watch斑点Spot n.-- There is a white spot on the shirt.有含狮,两个on the spot立刻狮上;,1> , at once, immediately-- Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.在狮狮2> at the place of the action-- Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.狮据;不可名狮,数Evidence n.明狮的狮然的明狮地狮然Evident adj., / evidently adv.,狮据Evidence = proof (n.)-- When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence.狮而易狮的in evidence-- He was in evidence at the party.狮累狮聚;强狮狮累的狮程,Accumulate v.,-- As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.聚集把某人召集在某狮Gather vt.,-- The teacher gathered his students in the class搜集采集Collect vt.,;狮余狮好,-- Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.n.集合集会装配Assemble v., /-- A large number of people assemble on the square.大量的狮存 ;狮藏,Hoard vt.-- hoard up = store up;松鼠,;狮果,-- The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter squirrel n.nut n.狮聚;主要用于狮歌和文作品,学amass vt.-- The clouds amassed above the hills使…感到必狮Oblige v.感狮有必要做某事feel obliged to do sth;要求需要,-- I feel obliged to say no to his demandn.,被迫做某事be obliged to do sth;狮狮,-- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debtsoff.debt n.追狮狮 ;找,hunt v.n., hunt for-- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.;狮明狮狮,-- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. prove vt.,搜狮某狮狮了狮到某人或某物找search-- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.强狮追赶追求run after ,-- look, a dog is running after a cat-- what are you run after inyour life追狮理想seek = pursue v.()追 ;赶,chase v.-- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief黑莓狮果blackberry n./ berry n.人狮human being使走投无路使陷入困境作狮狮狮狮常使用被狮狮狮corner v., , -- The thief was cornered at last -- The problem cornered me.角落corner n.-- at the corner of the street -- in the corner of the room -- onthe corner of the desk一串一系列Trail n.,跟踪追踪;,trail vt. , = follow;罪犯,-- The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding criminal n.印痕Print n.粘 ;,Cling v.clung, clung, clinging-- She is always clinging to her mother.他狮有成功的希望-- He clung to the hope that he would succeed.粘住 ;,信封stick v.-- stick the envelopn.狮持 ;,狮狮stick to -- stick to the plan / stick to one’s promisen.粘的 ;,sticky adj.-- sticky fingers使…信服convince v.;狮狮正直, 我使他相信我的狮1>convince sb of sth -- I convince him ofmy honesty.n.,狮。

Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.Houses----often three storeys high----were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B. C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B. C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B. C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.1 the Aegean island of Kea, 爱琴海的基亚岛。

theuseofforce写作背景摘要：一、使用武力的背景1.社会不安定因素增加2.维护社会秩序的需求3.武力在解决冲突中的作用二、武力使用的现状1.各国武力使用情况2.武力使用的法律和道德约束3.武力使用对国际和平与稳定的影响三、武力使用的合理性探讨1.武力使用的定义和分类2.武力使用的合法性和必要性3.武力使用与和平解决冲突的平衡四、对武力使用的建议和展望1.加强国际法律和道德规范的制定和执行2.促进和平解决冲突的方式3.建立有效的国际安全合作机制正文：一、使用武力的背景随着全球化的推进，世界各地的社会不安定因素不断增加，恐怖主义、犯罪活动、民族和地区冲突时有发生。

这些冲突往往给社会秩序带来严重威胁，导致无辜平民遭受严重伤害。

在这种情况下，武力成为维护社会秩序、保护人民生命财产安全的重要手段。

二、武力使用的现状各国在面临社会不安定因素时，都会根据自身情况和需求使用武力。

然而，武力使用在各国之间存在很大差异，既有合理使用武力维护国家安全和秩序的例子，也有滥用武力侵犯他国主权和人权的情况。

为了规范武力使用，各国在国际法的框架下，对武力使用进行了一定程度的限制和约束。

三、武力使用的合理性探讨在探讨武力使用的合理性时，首先需要明确武力使用的定义和分类。

武力使用包括自卫、维和、执法等多种形式，其使用需遵循合法性和必要性的原则。

合法性意味着武力使用必须符合国际法和国内法的规定；必要性则要求武力使用在解决冲突时，应作为最后手段，并符合比例原则。

在实际冲突解决中，武力使用与和平解决冲突之间需要寻求平衡。

武力使用可能在短期内有效，但长期来看，和平解决冲突才是根本之道。

因此，各国应努力寻求通过外交、谈判、合作等和平方式解决冲突，减少武力使用的必要。

四、对武力使用的建议和展望针对当前武力使用的现状，我们应加强国际法律和道德规范的制定和执行，以约束和规范各国的武力使用行为。

同时，应促进和平解决冲突的方式，例如加强国际安全合作，建立有效的国际安全合作机制，共同应对全球性安全挑战。

A3--T h e-U s e-o f-F o r c eLesson Three The Use of Forceby William Carlos Williams使用暴力威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯○课文逐句翻译他们是我的新病人，我所知道的只有名字，奥尔逊。

They were new patients to me, all I had was the name, Olson.请您尽快赶来，我女儿病得很重。

“Please come down as soon as you can, my daughter is very sick.”当我到达时，孩子的母亲迎接了我，这是一位看上去惊恐不安的妇人，衣着整洁却一脸忧伤的神色她只是说，这位就是医生吗？When I arrived I was met by the mother, a big startled looking woman, very clean and apologetic who merely said, Is this the doctor?然后带我进了屋。

And let me in.在后面，她又说到，请你一定要原谅我们，医生，我们让她呆在厨房里，那儿暖和，这里有时很潮湿。

In the back, she added. You must excuse us, doctor, we have her in the kitchen where it is warm. It is very damp here sometimes.在厨房的桌子旁边，这个孩子穿得严严实实的，坐在她父亲的腿上。

The child was fully dressed and sitting on here father’s lap near the kitchen table. 他父亲试图站起来，但我向他示意不用麻烦，然后我脱下外套开始检查。

He tried to get up, but I motioned for him not to bother, took off my overcoat and started to look things over.我能够觉察出他们都很紧张，而且用怀疑的眼光上下打量着我。