直接引语和间接引语用法及练习(含答案)说课材料

直接引语与间接引语的讲解一、直接引语与间接引语的定义1.直接引语（Direct Speech）是指原封不动的引用原话，把它放在引号内，例如：①Mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can go out and play with your friends.”②They said, “We want to have a rest.”2. 间接引语（Reported Speech，又叫Indirect Speech）即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。

上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是：①Mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends.②They said they wanted to have a rest.二、直接引变间接引语当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。

有下面几种情况：（一）陈述句的间接引语1、现在时间推移到过去时间所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。

例如：①She said, “I am hungry.”--- She said (that) she was hungry.②He said, “The family are fighting among themselves.”---He said (that) the family were fighting among themselves.③Tom said, “I have found what’s wrong with the computer.”--- Tom said he had found what was wrong with the computer.◆在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：a）当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：①He said, “The earth goes around the sun .”--- He said that the earth goes around the sun.b）当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：“I’m forty,” he said.--- He said he is forty.c）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to时He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.”---He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.He said, “You mustn’t smoke in the room.”--- He said I mustn’t smoke in the room.2、过去时间推移到过去的过去这里需要注意以下几点：a）当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成时。

直接引语和间接引语引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。

一、直接引语变间接引语A．陈述句的间接引语直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。

与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。

The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。

→The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much.She said,We are very fond of sports. 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。

→She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。

I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。

→He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. （that可省略）B．疑问句的间接引语1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。

句末不用问号。

My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music→My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music.You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他问：你没去过北，是吗？→He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习一．讲解：在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。

直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。

变化时应注意以下几点：1．引导词（连词）①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正式文体中常省略He said, “My mother is a doctor.”→He said (that) his mother was a doctor.②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。

不能省略“Are you English”He asked me→He asked me if I was English.③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：whatwhen where which who how等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg “How old are you ” He asked me→He asked me how old I was.二．间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) .She asked, “What does he want”→She asked what he wanted.He asked me ,“Do you like English”→He asked me if I liked English.三．时态的变化：1.如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。

基本原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg:①He asked me, “Do you have a dictionary”→He asked me if I had a dictionary.②She asked, “What is Tom doing →She asked what Tom was doing.③She said ,“I will leave a message on his desk.”→She said that she would leave a message onhis desk.2.如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。

直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习Unit1 语法核心突破: 直接引语变间接引语这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化例：He said, “I'm very glad.”→ He said he was very glad.例：He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?”→He asked John could come that afternoon.例 : He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?”→ He asked where Mr. Wang was.Tom says to me, “what food do you like best”.→ Tom asks me food I like bestOur parents told us“Learn English well!”我们的父母告诉我们：“把英语学好啊！”❼Our parents told us English well. 我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。

The teacher said to me, “Don’t read that novel!”❼ The teacher asked/ told me that novel.Our parents told us, “ Never do wrong!” 父母告诉我们：“不要做错事！”Our parents told us never to do wrong. 我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。

二、 人称的变化例如： “I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said.→ Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.“I’ll come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her .→ He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.” → She told me thatmy pronunciation was better than his.三、时态变化四、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化【拓展延伸】直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况He says, “I’m tired.”→He says that he is tired.He will say, “The boy was lazy.”→He will tell you that the boy was lazy.Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”→Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.She said, “I was born in 1995.”→ She said that she was born in 1995.【典型例题】（1）Can you tell me_______?A. what the matter isB. what matter it isC. what’s the matterD. the matter is what（2）The physics teacher said the earth ____around the sun.A. is movingB. movedC. had movedD. moves【语法专练】1. Mother asked the youngest kid____with his car.A. what the matterB. What was the matterC. what the matter isD. what is the matter2. The tourist asked the guide what he____visit the next day.A. was going toB. willC. is going inD. is to3. The teacher told us that light____ faster than sound.A. traveledB. had traveledC. is travelingD.travels4. Tom hanks told his teacher that he____born in 1968.A. wasB. had beenC. isD. has been5. Linda asked Amy_____ she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.A. thatB. whetherC. whatD. how6. My brother said to me, “I’m going to have a holiday next week.”My brother ____ _________ __________ _________going to have a holiday the next week.7. Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?”Mother asked me________ ________ __________ _________ in the room.8.He asked, “ Can I borrow your bike?”He asked _______ ________ ________ borrow my bike9.Tom said to me, “ Do you like football?”Tom asked me _______ _________ _________football10.She said to me, “ I went over my lessons last night.”She told me _________ _________ __________over her lessons the night before.附：Unit I 短语归纳1. 做个好朋友 to be a good friend2. 做下列调查 make the following survey3. 合计总分 add up the score4. 得分 get points5. 心烦意乱地来到学校 come to school upset6. 不理睬铃声 ignore the bell7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来 calm down your German friend8. 关心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s)9. 松开了 get loose10. 不得不去户外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors11. 帮他期末考试作弊 help him cheat in the end-of-term exam12. 列出理由make a list of reasons / list the reasons13. 记下一连串的请求 set down a series of requests14. 根据问卷调查 according to the questionnaire15. 根据编辑的忠告according to the editor’s advice16. 为了分担你的困难 in order to share your difficulties / troubles17. 与老板相爱 fall in love with the boss18. 与我的同桌相处融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate19. 关心青少年 be concerned about teenagers20. 为了和老板面对面地交流 in order to communicate with the boss face to face21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government22. 经历了太多的战争 go through too many wars23. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns24. 相邻的国家 neighboring countries直接引语变间接引语练习题一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said.He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said.She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there.10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise. 14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.15. “I am having supper,” he said.He said that _______ _______ having supper.16. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.17. “I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 18. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet.20. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window.家庭作业1. “I am having supper,” he said.He said that _______ _______ having supper.2. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _______ met her the day _______.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _______ to go _______ before five.7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______.8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there10. He a sked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days.12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked me.He asked me _______ _______ knew where she _______.13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet.14. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window.15. “Are you interested in this?” he said to me.He asked _______ _______ I was interested in _______.。

直接引语和间接引语详解与习题一、直接引语和间接引语的定义1. 直接引语：别人直接说的话,一般直接放在引号内.如：(1) My mother told me, “ You should finish your homework first, then you can play with your friends. 〞(2) Our teacher said, “ Class is over, we should have a rest. 〞2. 间接引语：用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内.上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是：(1) My mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends.(2) Our teacher said class was over and we should have a rest.二、直接引语与间接引语的变化直接引语变成间接引语时,由于引述动词( said , told 等)一般都是过去时形式,因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化.有下面几种情况：1. 现在时间推移到过去时间所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变成过去进行时,现在完成时变成过去完成时.例如：She said, “I am hungry. " — She said (that) she was hungry.Vince said, “I have found what ' s wrong with the computer. " — Vince said he had found what was wrong with the computer.在以下场合,尽管陈述动词为过去时形式,间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变,即：(1) 当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：He said, “The word 'laser ' is an acronym(母缩略词).〞—He said the word 'laseris an acronym.(2) 当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时："I' m forty, “ he said.—dHesaiforty.(3) 当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go." — He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.He said, “You mustn ' t smoke in the room. " — He said I mustn ' t smoke in the room.2. 过去时间推移到过去的过去这里需要注意以下几点：(1) 当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时,一般过去时要变成过去完成体.例如：He said, “I didn ' t know you. " — He said he hadn ' t known me.当“过去的过去〞已经不言自明,或者通过其他词汇手段予以表达,或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时,一般过去时形式可以不变.例如：Ann said, “ She was born in 1981." — Ann said she was born in 1981.(2) 过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时,也可以不变.例如：Robert said, “ I was joking with Mary. 〞—Robert said he had been joking with Mary.Robert said he was joking with Mary.(3) 过去完成时仍为过去完成时,不需改变.例如：He said, “ We hadn’ t returned to the store when she came. 〞—He said they hadn ' t returned to the store wh en she came.(4) 时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变.例如：John said, “ When I lived in London I often saw Jane. 〞—John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane.3. 将来时间推移到过去将来时间最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式.例如：He said, “ We’ re spending next weekend at home. 〞—He said they were spending the next weekend at home.They said, “ We’ re going to Hawaii this summer vacation. 〞—They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation.但是,在引述时,如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间,那么,可以不推移到过去将来时间.例如：He said, "I ' ll be waiting foryou tomorrow. " — He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow.4. 人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化由上面的例子可以看出,当直接引语变成间接引语时,除动词时态变化外,人称代词、限精品文档定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化.(1) 人称代词,除引述本人原话外,通常第一、二人称变为第三人称,或者第二人称变为第一人称；限定词也作相应的变化.例如：He said, “We love our country. " — He saidytheve their county. (2) 指示代词 this , these 分别变成that/it , those/they 或 them ； 指示限定词 this , those通常变为that , those 或the .例如：“This house is very expensive, " she said. — She said that house was very expensive. (3) 时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况： a. 时间状语和动词时态两者都变.例如：He said, “It was completes a year ago. " — He said it had been completed a year before. b. 时间状语不变,动词时态可变可不变.例如： She said, “ We left Paris at 8 a.m. 〞 —She said they had left Paris at 8 a.m. She said they left Paris at 8 a.m.c. 时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定,如果引述时间和说话时间(如同一年、同一月、同一天等),时间状语可不变.例如：Mr. Black said, “ We started learning Chinese last month. 〞— Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese last month. (同一月弓 I 述)—Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month.(可在同间接引语that daythat morning/afternoon the day before, the previous day two days beforethe next day, the following day two days after, in two days ’ time the next week/month the week/month before then 一月引述,也可不在同一月引述)直接引语today this morning/afternoon yesterday (the) day before yesterday tomorrow (the) day after tomorrow next week/month last week/month now（4）地点状语here 通常变为there；但假设说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地, 可仍用here,也可用具体地点代替here .例如：She said, “I first met your br other here. " — She said she first met my brother there. “Are the children here? 〞 Father asked. — Father asked whether the children were here.三、直接引语和间接引语正误例析1. “ Speak English more often in and out of class, 〞our English teacher said to us. Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class.〔误〕Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class.〔正〕Our English teacher suggested that we 〔should〕speak English more often in andout of class. 〔正〕简析：直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据语气需要使用ask, tell, order 等动词,其句型是：ask/tell/ordersomeone to do sth. ,但是suggest 不能接不定式作宾补,只能接-ing 形式或从句〔从句用虚拟语气〕作宾语.2. “ Don’ t play football on the street, little boys, 〞the policeman said.The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street. 〔误〕The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. 〔正〕简析：如果直接引语是祈使句的否认式,变为间接引语时,要将其改为不定式的否认形式作宾补 , 不定式的否认形式是在不定式前面加not, 而不是加do not, does not, did not 等.3. “ Would you please do me the favor to carry the box upstairs? 〞the young woman said to me.The young woman ordered me to carry the box upstairs for her. 〔误〕The young woman asked me to carry the box upstairs for her. 〔正〕简析：直接引语是一些表示请求、建议的疑问句,变为间接引语时,也变为不定式作宾语补足语.需要注意的是应根据原句的语气选用恰当的动词.由于此处原来的疑问句用的精品文档是很客气的语气,改写后不宜用order.4. “You clean the classroom after class today, Tom," said the monitor.The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day.〔误〕The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day.〔正〕简析：一般而言,祈使句是以动词原形开头的,但是如果说话人有意强调动作执行者,也可以在句首加上主语.我们在将其变为间接引语时不能将带有主语的祈使句与陈述句混淆起来.5. "It ' s a fine day. Let ' s go to the country for a picnic, " Peter said to me.Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic.〔误〕Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnicwith him.〔正〕简析：当直接引语中有多种句子形式如陈述句、祈使句、疑问句等时,我们就要用不同的方式将各种句子进行转述.由于原句中直接引语前面局部是陈述句,故变为由that引导的宾语从句,后面局部是祈使句所以变为不定式作宾补.直接引语变间接引语的技巧一、如何变人称；下面有一句顺口溜忆随主.二随宾,第三人称不更新「随主〞是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰.从句中的人称要根据主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me." fShe said her brther wanted togo with her.“ 二随宾〞是指直接引语变间接引语时,假设从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称.或被第二人你所修饰.从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致.如果引号外的主句没有宾语.也可以用第一人称,如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" —He asked Kate how her sister wasthen .“ 第三人称不更新〞是指直接引语变间接引语时.如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker . " — Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker .二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整.现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时那么保存原来的时态.如：1) She said. "I have lost a pen." —She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. "We hope so." —She said they hoped so.3) She said. "He will go to see his friend ." —She said he would go to see his friend .但要注意在以下几种情况下.在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化.①直接引语是客观真理."The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. — The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth .②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变.如：Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street? 〞—Jacasked John where he was going when he met him in the street .③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时时态不变.如：Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 20, 1980 ." —Xiao Wang said he was bornon April 20, 1980 .④直接引语如果是一般现在时.表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变.如：He said, "I get up at six every morning ." —He said he gets up at six every morning .⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式〔例：ought to , had better, used to〕和已经是过去时的形式时,〔例：could, should, would, might 〕不再变.如：Peter said. "You had better come have today ." —Peter said I had better gothere that day .三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规那么,时间状语由“现在〞改为“原来〞〔例：now 变为then, yesterday 变为the day before 〕地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此〞改为“彼〞〔例：this 改为that〕, 如：He said, "These books are mine." —He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句.如：She said, "Ourbus will arrive in five minutes." —She said th at their bus would arrive in five minutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if 引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" —He asked John if he could swim."You have finished the homework, haven ' t you?" my mother asked. —My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework."Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" —He asked me if I went to school bybus or by bike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句, 间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句〔宾语从句必须用陈述句语序〕.She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?" — She asked me when they hadtheir dinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell〔ask, order, beg 等〕sb.〔not〕 to do sth."句型.如："Don' t make any noise," she said to the children. —She told 〔ordered〕 the children not to make any noise."Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she. —She asked him to bring her a cup oftea.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let '轩头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动句词〔或从句〕.〞如：He said, " Let ' s go to the film." —He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语.例如：John said, "I ’ m going to London with my father." 约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去. " 〔引号内是直接引语〕John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦.〔宾语从句是间接引语〕精品文档由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况：1 、直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that 引导的宾语从句(口语中that 可以省略),主句的引述动词主要say ,tell, repeat, explain, think 等.He said, "You are younger than I. 〞He said (that) I was younger than him.2、直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask, 或改为wonder, do notknow,want to know, be not sure, be puzzled 等.1) 1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether) 引导的宾语从句.She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"— She asked me if ( 或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me, "You have seen the film, haven ’ t you?"— She asked me whether( 或if )I had seen the film.2) 选择疑问句变为whether '• .or 宾语从句.I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"— I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句.He asked, "Where do you live?" —He asked me where I lived.3、直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式, 作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise 等动词的宾语补足语( don’ t 变为not ) .The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window." —The teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him, "Don' t leave the door open. " —His father told him not toleave the door open.[注意]1）1〕有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest ,insist 等动词加以转述.例如： He said, "Let ' s go to the theatre." —He suggested 〔our 〕going to thetheatre. 或He suggested that we〔should〕 go to the theatre.2）"Would you mind opening the window?" he asked. —He asked me to open the window."Why don ' t you take a walk after supper?" he asked . — he advised me to take a walk after supper. "Shall we listen to the music?" he asked. —He suggested listening to the music.4、直接引语是感慨句时间接引语为what 或how 引导,也可以用that 引导.She said, "What a lovely day it is !" — Shewhaid a lovely day it was . 或She saidthat it was a lovely day.5、如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,那么间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态.如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按以下变化：（ 1）一般现在时变为一般过去时（ 2）现在进行时变为过去进行时（ 3）一般将来时变为过去将来时（ 4）现在完成时变为过去完成时（ 5）一般过去时变为过去完成时（ 6）过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时[ 注意]( 1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun." —The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.( 2)如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时.如：He said to me, "I was born in 1973." —He told me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：He said, "I ' m a boy, not a girl." —He said that he is a boyot a girl.(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如：The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."—The girl said th at she gets up at six every morning.(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时那么不变.如：He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here."— He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词must, need, had better 以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would, 在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变.例如：The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."— The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."— He said that he could swim when he was only six.6 .代词等一般地应作用相应的变化.指示代词this ---that these--- those表示时间的词now --- then today--- that daythis week(month ,etc) --- that week (month ,etc)yesterday -- the day beforelast week(month) --- the week(month) beforethree days(a year)ago---three days(a year)beforetomorrow --- the next (following ) daynext week(month)--the next(following)week(month)表地点的词here --there动词bring -- take come -go直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号.例：He said:" It is too late."间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成.例：He said it was too late.直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题第一：人称的变化.主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要做相应调整.例如：直接引语She said:" I am hungry." 间接引语She said she was hungry. 直接引语Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself."间接引语Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.第二：时态变化直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致.其规律如以下图.注意：1.直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用一般现在时.例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth." Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.7 .直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时,间接引语仍用一般过去时.例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998." She said she went to England in 1998.8 .主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变.He says:" I bought you a book yesterday." He says that he bought me a book yesterday.第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化.第四：句式上的变化1. 陈述句变间接引语时,用that 连接.如：She said:" I am a girl." She said that she was a girl. 〔that 可以省略〕2 .一般疑问句,选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时,要用陈述语气,并要加连词if 或whether .例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?" She asked me if I was Mr. Li.She asked us: "Do you want to go on a picnic?" She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.3 .特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导.例如："How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband.精品文档Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.4 .祈使句变间接引语,一改二变三加四去.一改：said (to) 改为asked 或told, ordered 等二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语三加：即在动词原形前加to,使成为动词不定式四去：去掉please 例:He said to her:" Don't take the book away."He asked her not take the book away.5 .感慨句变为间接引语"What awful weather it is!〞 she said. -She complained about the awful weather."What a bright girl you are." He said to me.He praised me that I was a bright girl.1. “You should be more careful next time, " his father said to him.直接引语变间接引语练习题2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children.I.将以下句子变为间接引语3. “I haven ' t heard from my parents these days, " said Mary.4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and theearth goes round the sun. 〞5. She said to him, "It ' s time that you left here. 〞6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.〞7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of lastterm. 〞8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was foundedon July 1st, 1921. 〞9. He said, “Are you a student? 〞10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George?〞 she said.11. “She' s here to ask for help, isn ' t she? 〞 he asked.12. “Where are you going? 〞 the father asked his son.13. “ Are you sorry for what you have done? 〞the mother asked the naughty boy14. She said, “ Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li?15. “ Write your names on your papers first, 〞the teacher said to us.16. “ Please come here again tomorrow, 〞her friend said to her.17. “ Let me pack the parcel for you, 〞he said.18. “ Don’ t make so much noise in class, boys and girls, 〞said the teacher.19. “ What a lovely day it is! 〞20. “ Happy New Year to you! 〞he said.II. 把以下句子变为直接引语1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.4. His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coat.5. The stranger asked me what my name was.6. She said that she would finish her work the next day.7. The teacher asked if we could do it.8. The commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn.9. My teacher asked whether he was coming.10. The scientist asked me what I was doing.参考答案：I. 将以下句子变为间接引语1. His father told him that he should be more careful the next time.the2. Mr. Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on businessnext month.3. Mary said that she hadn ’ t heard from her parents those days.4. The geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.5. She told him that it was time that he left there.6. Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.7. John told his parents that he had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.8. The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st, 1921.9. He asked whether I was a student.10. She asked George if he had anything interesting she could read.11. He asked whether she was there to ask for help or not.12. The father asked his son where he was going.13. The mother asked the naughty boy if he was sorry for what he had done.14. She asked Mr. Li whether he had met that man at the station two hours before.15. The teacher told us to write our names on our papers first.16. Her friend asked her to go there again the next/ following day.7. He offered to pack the parcel for me.18. The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise in class.19. He/ She exclaimed that it was really a lovely day.20. He wished me a Happy New Year.I.把以下句子变为直接引语1. I said to him, “I have lost my mone y. I will find it. 〞2. She asked, “You will be free tomorrow, won ' t you? 〞3. I asked her, “Where are you going and what are you going to do tomorrow?4. His father said , "Don' t climb this high tree in your new coat. 〞5. The stranger asked, "What' s your name? 〞6. "I' ll finish my work tomorrow, " she said.7. The teacher asked, “Can you do it? 〞8. The commander ordered his men, " Don' t cross the river before dawn.9. My tea cher asked, “Is he coming? 〞10. The scientist asked me, “What are you doing? 〞直接引语变间接引语练习题二将所给直接引语变为间接引语,每空一词：1. “I never eat meat. " he said.He said that never meat.2. "I' ve found my wallet. " he said to me.He me that he wallet.3. “I took it home with me. " she said.She said that it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.The teacher said that the sun in the east and down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday. " he said to me.He me that he met the day.6. “You must come here before five. " he said.He said that I to go before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago. " he said.He said that he bought the house 10 years.8. “ Did you see her last week? 〞 he said.He I had seen her the week.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim. 〞He Jim that he sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother? 〞He asked her mother found it.11. “Where have you been these days? 〞 he asked.He asked me been days.12. “Do you know where she lives? 〞 he asked.精品文档He asked knew where she.13. “Stop making so much noise, children. he said.He the children making so much noise.14. “Don' t tell him the news. " she said.She told me him the news.15. “Are you intested in this? 〞 he said.He I was interestd in.【参考答案】1. he, ate2. told, had, found, his3. she, had, taken4. rise, goes5. told, had, before6. had, there7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before9. told, could 10. how, she, had11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell15. asked, if [whether], that三 请将以下直接引语改为间接引语.1. "I'm glad to receive your e2. He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?3. “How do you like the food here? 〞 said she.Don't ride in the street.5. “Stand where you are! 〞 the police said to the young man.II. 请在以下空白处填上适当的词语,使句意不变.-mail, " said he.4. She said to me,1．She said, “ Are you from the south? 〞She asked _______ I_______ from the south.2．Mom said to me, “ Don't tell a lie. 〞Mom _______ me ________________ tell a lie.3．Susan said to me, “ We visited the Red Star Farm last week. 〞Susan told me that __________________________ the Red Star Farm ________ .4．Mr Paul said to us, “ Light travels faster than sound. 〞Mr Paul _______ us that light faster than sound.5．“ Go and post the letters, 〞the manager said to him.The manager _______ him and post the letters.参考答案：I. 1. He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail. 2. He asked meif I was going home that weekend. 3. She asked how I liked the food there. 4. Shetold me not to ride in the street. 5. The police ordered the young man to stand where he was. II. 1. if / whether; was 2. told; not to 3. they had visited; the week before 4.told; travels 5. told; to go四直接引语变间接引语练习题1. . He said: "I' ve left my book in my room. 〞2. She said: "He will be busy. 〞3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?〞4. She asked, “Is this book yours or his? 〞5. The t eacher asked, “how did you repair it? 〞6. The teacher said to the students, "Don' t waste your time.7. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please. 〞8. The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun. 〞9. My father said, “Practice makes perfect. 〞10. The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.11. He said, “We are still students. '12. He said to me, “I was born in 1978.〞13. The engineer sai d, “I was at college in 1967.〞14. He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy. 〞15. She said, “I read the book while I was w aiting for a bus.Joe told me all about his story when he asked for 16．Mr. Green said to them,a job.17．H e said, “ We insist ed that she start immediately.18．S he said, “ He demanded that the girl leave at once. 〞19．I said to him, “ I have finished it. 〞20．S he said to us, “ I ’ ll come here tomorrow. 〞21 ．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen? 〞the young man asked.22．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition, 〞the little boy said happily.23．“ Light travels faster than sound, 〞the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 24．“ Will you go to the concert with me this evening? 〞Mary asked me. 25．“ What did you do here yesterday? 〞the old man asked my brother.Key：1． He told me that he had left his book in his room.2． She said that he would be busy.3． She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4． She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5． The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6． The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7． The mother asked Tom to get up early.8． The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9． My father said practice makes perfect.10．T he boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11．H e said they are still students.12．H e told me that he was born in 1978.13．T he engineer said he was at college in 1967.14．H e said he had studied English since he was a boy.15．S he said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.16．M r. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.17．H e said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.18．S he said he demanded that the girl leave at once.19．I told him I had finished it.20．She told us she would come here tomorrow21．．The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.22．The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition. 23．The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.24．Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.25．The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.。

直接引语和间接引语直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。

间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。

直接引语改为间接引语时，如果直接引语的动词是现在时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式都不变。

例如：She says, “ I’ll never forget the moment.”变为间接引语为:She says that she’ll never forget the moment.但是如果直接引语的动词为过去时，那么间接引语中的动词、时间状语、时态、地点状语、人称等一般要作相应的变化。

遵循下列规律：一、三要素：我们想要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目的话，关键要掌握下列“三要素”。

要素一：陈述句的直接引语变间接引语：连接词用that，在口语中可省略。

引述动词用said, told 等。

例如：He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”He told me that he had left his book in his room.She said: “He will be busy.”She said that he would be busy.要素二：1、疑问句的直接引语变间接引语。

一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等，例如：She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”She asked me whether that book was mine or his.2、特殊疑问句的直接引语变间接引语，用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习一．讲解：在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。

直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。

变化时应注意以下几点：1．引导词（连词）①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正式文体中常省略e.g He said, “My mother is a doctor.”→He said (that) his mother was adoctor.②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。

不能省略 e.g “Are youEnglish?” He asked m e→He asked me if I was English.③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：whatwhen where which who how等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg “How old are you ?” He askedm e→He asked me how old I was.二．间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) e.g.She asked, “What does he want?”→She asked what he wanted.He asked me ,“Do you like English?”→He asked me if I liked English.三．时态的变化：1.如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。

基本原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg:① He asked me, “Do you have a dictionary?”→He asked me if I had a dictionary.② She asked, “What is Tom doing? →She asked what Tom was doing.③ She said ,“I will leave a message on his desk.”→She said that she would leavea message on his desk.2.如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。

直接引语和间接引语用法及练习一、直接引语与间接引语的转换在将直接引语转换为间接引语时，不仅句式上要有变化，而且要在时态、人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。

1、引语转换时的句式变化不同的直接引语句式，如：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则，还要注意根据句意，使用适当的引述动词。

（1）陈述句的间接引语将陈述句转换为间接引语，通常用that 引导的宾语从句来表达。

连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。

引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tellHe said, “I caught a cold yesterday.” 他说：“我昨天感冒了。

” →He said (that ) he had caught a cold the day before. 他说他前天感冒了。

Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams.”海伦说：“我讨厌参加这种考试。

”→ Helen told me (that ) she was tired of taking such exams.（2）疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接问句。

引述的动词常用ask, inquire, wonder, want to know 等。

间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序，句末不用问号，用句号。

①一般疑问句的间接引语直接引语为一般疑问句时，用连词whether 或if 引导，某些表示请求的疑问句也可以转换成间接祈使句。

I asked him, “Are you satisfied with the results?” 我问他：“你对这结果满意吗？” → I asked him whether he was satisfied with the results.我问他对这结果是否满意。

“Did you go to the British Museum yesterday?” asked Kate.凯特问：“你昨天有没有去大英博物馆？”Kate asked me if I had gone to the British Museum the day before.→凯特问我昨天有没有去大英博物馆。

直接引语和间接引语的用法引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。

例如：John said, "I'm going to London with my father."约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。

"（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。

（宾语从句是间接引语）由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：1．直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。

He said , "You are younger than I."-'He said (that ) I was younger than him.2.直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

（1）一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。

She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven't you?"→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.（2）选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。

直接引语和间接引语Direct Speech and Indirect Speech直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。

用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。

间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。

直接引语一般前后要加引号；间接引语不用引号。

例如：直接引语：Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.”间接引语：Mr. Black said that he was busy.1．陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

（1）人称的变化• He said, “I like it very much.”→ He said that he liked it very much.• He said, “I’ve left my book in your room.”→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.（2）时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作以下的变化：• He said, “I saw the film yesterday.”→ He said that he had seen the film the day• She said, “I have seen the film. It is good. ”→ She said that she had seen the film.直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

例如：• He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”→ He said that light travels much faster than sound.（3）指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化• She said, “I will come this evening.”→ She said that she would go that evening.• He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.”→ He said that his sister had been there three days before but she was not here then.现将这几种变化列表如下：以上这些变化，要根据说话的实际情况来定。

直接引语和间接引语直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。

间接引语一般构成宾语从句。

直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。

直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

直接引语转成间接引语的时态变化：1、当主句谓语动词是一般现在时态或一般将来时态宾语从句的谓语动词的时态不作任何变化。

如：He said, ”We help each other. ” = He said that they help each other.She said, ” I have bought a dictionary. ” = She said that she had bought a dictionar y.She said, ” He will go to the hospital. ” = She said that he would go to the hospital.注意：主句谓语动词是一般过去时态动词表示客观真理仍用一般现在时态，不必变为过去时态。

如：The teacher said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”= The teacher said light travels much faster than sound.2．在人称方面存在人称的变化，变化规律常常是：（1）直接引语中的第一人称常跟主句的主语一致。

e.g.He said,“I have finished my homework.”→He said（that）he had finished his homework.（2）直接引语中的第二人称常常依主句中位于动词后面的谈话对象而定，若后面没有谈话对象，则常变为第一人称。

e.g.Tom said,“You must finish your homework today.”→Tom said I had to finish my homework that day.（3）直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时, 常不变。

直接引语变间接引语语法讲解（内部资料，仅供参考）一. 直接引语和间接引语的定义直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话有引号，被引用或复述的部分被称为直接引语。

用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分被称为间接引语。

间接引语通常在句中以宾语从句的形式出现。

二. 直接引语变为间接引语的方法（1）人称人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。

“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。

从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化，如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me.”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。

如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate，"How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her siste r was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.（2）时态直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。

也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。

如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一个时态，变成一般过去时。

1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen.（现在完成——过去完成）2. She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so.(一般现在—一般过去)3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。

直接引语和间接引语的用法引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；二是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，被转述的话不放在引号内，这叫做间接引语。

例如：John said, "I'm going to London with my father."约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。

"（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。

（宾语从句是间接引语）间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句，直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词、句式的变化以及宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

一、如何变句型：1．直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语改为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。

He said , "You are younger than I."-'He said (that ) I was younger than him.2. 直接引语是疑问句时，间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask，或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

（1）直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。

She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven't you?" →She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. 注意：大多数情况下，if 和whether 可以互换，但后有or not，或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。

精品文档直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习一.讲解：在复合句中，作宾语的句子(主谓结构)就叫宾语从句。

直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。

变化时应注意以下几点：1. 引导词(连词)①如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正式文体中常省略 e.g He said, My mother is a doctor/' He said (that) his mother was a doctor.②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用ifo不能省略 e.g Are youEnglish?" He asked me^He asked me if I was English.③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，女口：whatwhen where which who how 等，这些词有意义,不能省略：eg Aow old are you ? " He asked me^ He asked me how old I was.二•间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…)，肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) e.g.She asked, What does he want?" -^She asked what he wan ted.He asked me , a Do you like English? ” He asked me if I liked English.三.时态的变化：1. 如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。

基本原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg:①He asked me, " Do you have a diction ary? ” He asked me if I had a diction ary.②She asked, "What is Tom doing? -^She asked what Tom was doing.③She said , "I will leave a message o n his desk." She said that she would leave a message on his desk.2. 如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。

高中英语语法《直接引语和间接引语》说课稿一、课标分析在英语教学中落实新课程标准, 新课程要求教授语法不是最终目的，而是学习语言的有效手段，其最终目的是让学生将语言的形式与其意义、交际功能有机地结合起来，通过在实际的语言运用中去内化语言规则，从而达到准确运用语言进行有效交际的目的。

因此，本课的设计重点是：帮助学生形成自主、合作、探究的学习模式，掌握如何发现归纳语法，并且在情境和写作中运用语法。

二、教材分析本节内容是Book One, Unit 3和Unit 4的语法总结复习课，为下面学习宾语从句等名词性从句打下基础。

主要内容是复习直接引语和间接引语，然后扩展到如何在情境写作中运用间接引语。

本节课强调让学生发现归纳语法规则，并且学会在情境和写作中运用语法。

三、学情分析本课的教学对象是高一学生，学生在高中的第三第四单元已经学习过直接引语和间接引语，但是对于直接引语和间接引语的一些特殊规则以及如何运用在写作中还不是特别清楚四、教学目标根据新课改关于语法课主要教学目标的具体描述，结合本课教学内容，具体从语言知识、语言技能、情感态度和文化意识三个方面制定如下教学目标：1. 语言知识目标：复习直接引语和间接引语在六中句型中的运用。

掌握直接引语变间接宾语的一些特殊用法以及如何在写作中运用间接引语2.语言技能目标写作技能的训练：在写作教学中融合语言要素和篇章结构的训练，提高学生语言输入到语言输出的能力。

3. 情感态度与文化意识目标培养学生的合作意识和自主探究的习惯。

五、教学重点和难点根据新课改关于语法写作技能目标的具体描述，结合高一学生实际和对教材内容的科学分析，确定本环节的主要教学重点和难点是:1. 重点各种句型直接引语如何变成间接引语；间接引语如何在情境写作中运用。

2. 难点1）掌握直接引语变间接一些特殊用法。

2）如何将间接引语灵活运用于写作中。

六、教学方法1.教法本节课主要采用任务型语言教学法(Task-based LanguageTeaching) 、直观法、启发式讨论教学法（Communicative Approach）。