新人教版学高中语法专题间接引语教案必修英语 解析版
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高中英语Unit1FriendshipSectionⅢGrammar直接引语变间接引语讲义新人教版必修Section ⅢGrammar——直接引语变间接引语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟阅读下列句子,并体会黑体部分的用法1.She said,“I don't want to set down a seriesof facts in a diary as most people do,butI want this diary itself to be my friend,and I shall call my friend Kitty.”2.They say that this boy and I have fallenin love.3.Anne said she didn't dare open a window.4.The teacher asks us if a friend always hasto be a person.引述别人的话一般采用两种方式:一种是直接引述别人的原话,把它放在引号内,这叫直接引语(Direct Speech);另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话,被转述的话不放在引号内,这叫间接引语(IndirectSpeech)。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。
一、直接引语变间接引语时人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应地变化。
口诀如下:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。
“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。
山西省阳泉市荫营中学高考英语直接引语变间接引语复习教案新人教版Step 1 Lead inAn example:1The visitor said , ”I’m very glad to visit your factory.”The visitor said that , why, where等引导。
例如:My sister asked me : “What is your friend?”My sister asked me what your friend was.4、直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 的宾语。
例如:The solider ordered:”Be quiet.”The solider ordered us to be quiet.注意:否定句,在动词不定式前加notMy teacher asked me :”Don”t laugh .”My teacher asked me not to laugh.5. 一些注意事项(1)直接引语是客观事实、永恒真理,变成间接引语时,时态不变。
例如:They told their son :”The earth goes round the sun.”They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.(2)直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间、地点状语作相应的变化。
例如:this�that , these�those, now�then, today�that day,yesterday—the day before, last year---the year before,ago—before, , while 引导的状语从句,变成间接引语时,只改变主句的时态,不改变从句的时态。
例如:He said : “Jim is doing .”He said that Jim was doing .(4)间接引语一定要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。
二十、间接引语1概述⒈引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech),一般直接引语前后要加引号。
如:Mr.Black said,“I'm busy.”布菜克先生说:“我很忙”。
(直接引语)⒉用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech),一般间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr.Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。
(宾语从句是间接引语)⒊从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he,am则改成了was。
现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题分述如下:2当直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省去),that 从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
⒈人称的变化①直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
如:He said,“I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它”。
→He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。
(I改为he,it不变)②把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
He said,"You told me this story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。
”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
Unit 2 Engih around the wordDirect Smand教学设计教学课型:语法课设计思想和意图新一轮高中课程改革把“为了每一位学生的发展”置于课程改革的核心位置,更新教育观念,优化教学方式,促进教师专业成长;并以提高学生的技术素养、促进学生全面而富有个性的发展为基本目标,努力培养学生的技术实践能力和创新精神;强调课程要为学生全面、和谐、健康发展服务,为学生的升学和就业作准备,并为学生一生的发展打下重要基础,培养学生具有终身学习的能力。
本单元的教学目标重在培养学生在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养的基础上发展学生综合运用语言的能力。
所以,在设计此语法课时重在对直接引语和间接引语的理解和运用,教师会创建相对真实的情景为学生呈现句子得出语法规则:怎样把含有请求和命令语气的直接引语转变成间接引语。
与此同时,为学生提供更多练习的机会。
设计的练习应很容易操作,有助于提升学生对难句子理解的能力。
教材分析《英语课程标准》指出:英语语法是语言知识的重要组成部分,是发展语言技能的基础。
基于高中学生认知能力的发展,课标倡导语法教学应遵循的教学模式是:关注—归纳—操练—运用, 本课是人教版高中英语教材必修1中宾语从句的语法内容,Unit1和Unit2都是把直接引语改成间接引语。
由于学生对疑问句的直接引语转成间接引语掌握得不好,所以本节课既复习和梳理旧知识,又把重点放到把含有请求和命令语气的直接引语转变成间接引语这个新的内容中。
采用任务型教学法与小组合作探究学习法,从而扩大课堂的语言输入量及学生的语言输出量。
学情分析我校是农村学校,学生普遍英语底子薄弱,对英语学习兴趣不够浓厚。
虽然我带的班级属于小尖班,情况有所好转,但是两级分化较明显,学生之间的水平差距较大;学习主动性有待加强;部分学生对教师的依赖性较强。
不过,经过一段时间的接触后,我发现学生思维活跃,在课堂中愿意分享自己的观点和看法,乐于组间交流,喜欢老师的表扬。
表示命令、请求的句子的间接引语语法点拨概念引入“L ook at this example” the teacher said to us. →The teacher told us to look at the example.“Would you like to see my flat?” she asked→She asked me to see her flat祈使句的间接引语11. 直接引语为祈使句时,改为间接引语,多用带to的不定式表达,谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。
如:The hostess said to us,“Pl ease sit down.”女主人跟我们说:“请坐。
”→The hostess asked us to sit down. 女主人请我们坐下。
Father said to him, “Go away!”父亲对他说:“走开!”→Father ordered him to go away. 父亲命令他走开。
(2018 四川高考) I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in the kitchen.我请妈妈在客厅里坐着,我在厨房做饭。
2. 注意祈使句如果是否定句,not多放在to do sth. 前。
He said, “Don’t mak e so much noise, boys.”他说:“孩子们,别弄出这么多噪音。
”→He told the boys not to make so much noise. 他告诉孩子们不要弄出这么大噪音。
3. 祈使句变成间接引语中,相应的时间状语、地点状语、人称、时态及动词等都要作相应的变化。
Mother said to me, “Com e back before 10:00.”母亲对我说:“十点前回来。
高中英语学习材料(灿若寒星*制作整理)直接引语和间接引语不同句式的间接引语定义引述某人的话一般采用两种形式:一种是直接引语(Direct Speech),即原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内;另一种是间接引语(Indirect Speech),即用自己的话加以转述,被转述的内容不放在引号内。
直接引语变间接引语直接引语为陈述句直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是say, tell等。
主句中如果有say to sb., 通常变为tell sb. 与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
The foreigner said to me, “ I like Beijing very much”.那老外告诉我:我很喜欢北京。
→The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much.那老外告诉我说他(她)很喜欢北京。
She said, “We are very fond of sports”.她说:我们都喜欢体育运动。
→She said that they were very fond of sports.她说他(她)们都喜欢体运动。
“I'll go over the grammar lesson once again”, he said.他说:我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again.他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。
(that可省略)直接引语为疑问句一般疑问句和反意疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词if 或whether,其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want toknow, didn't know等。
句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music”我老师问我:你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗?→My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American countrymusic. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
直接引语和间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为“引语〞。
直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“ 〞标出,叫做直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句,其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式。
那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构,人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?(一)人称的转变1. 直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三人称,如:He said,“I am very sorry.〞 -→He said that he was very sorry.2. 直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称,如:"You should be more careful next time,"my father told me.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3. 直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三人称。
如:She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight. 〞She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.4. 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如:He asked me “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend ofmine this afternoon?〞He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.总之,人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑。
Section ⅣGrammar —直接引语与间接引语(Ⅰ)[新知导引]1.(教材P5)“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary.” said Anne.→Anne said that she didn't want to set down a series of facts in a diary.2.(教材P5)“Does a fri end always have to be a person?”the writer asks us.→The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.3.(教材P5)“Why did you go to bed so late last night?” Father asked Anne.→Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before.4.My mother said,“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”→My mother said a friend in need is a friend indeed.[语法详解]一、直接引语和间接引语概述*直接引用别人的原话就是直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
*间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
*直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。
二、直接引语变为间接引语直接引语变为间接引语时,应在时态、句式、代词、状语以及方向性动词等方面作一些必要的调整。
1.时态的变化(1)直接引语变为间接引语时,引述动词如果用的是过去式,间接引语在时态方面要作相应的变化。
一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时,应分别改为一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
1概述⒈引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech),一般直接引语前后要加引号。
如:Mr.Black said,“I'm busy.”布菜克先生说:“我很忙”。
(直接引语)⒉用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech),一般间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。
Mr.Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。
(宾语从句是间接引语)⒊从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he,am则改成了was。
现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题分述如下:2当直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
⒈人称的变化1直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
如:He said,“I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它”。
→He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。
(I改为he,it不变)2把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
He said,"You told me this story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。
”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(You改为I,me改为him,told 改为had told)3直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。
He said to me,“She's left her book in your room”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间里去了。
→He told me that she had left her book in my room.他对我说她把书放在我的房间里(She's→she had,her不变,your→my)⒉时态的变化1主句的谓语动词是一般过去时如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。
直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化如下:He said,"I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说:“我常在星期天看电视”。
→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。
He said,“I'm using the knife.”他说:“我正在用小刀。
”→He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。
She said,“I have not heard from him since May.”她说:“自从五月份来我就没收到他的来信。
”→She said that she had not heard from him since May.她说自五月以来她就没收到他的来信。
He said,“I came to help you.”他说:“我来帮助你。
”→He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。
He said,“I had finished my homework before supper.”他说:“晚饭前我己做完了作业。
”→He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。
Zhou Lan said,“Ill do it after class.”周兰说:“下课后我就去做。
”→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。
He said,“I shall be doing my homework then.”他说:“那时我将正在做作业。
”→He said that he should be doing his homework then.他说那时他将正在做作业。
He said,“We shall have finished the work by that time.”他说:“我们将在那时以前完成工作。
”→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.他说他们将在那时前完成工作。
注意:直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
The teacher said,“The earth is rounD.”老师说:“地球是圆的。
”→The teacher said that the earth is rounD.老师说地球是圆的。
He said,"I was born in Shangdong in 1965.”他说:“我1965年生于山东。
”→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965.他说他1965年生于山东。
He said,“Columbus discovered America in 1492.”他说:“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
”→He said Columbus discovered America in1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
2主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一律不变He says,“I finished the work.”他说:“我做完工作了。
”→He says that he finished the work.他说他做完工作了。
He will say,"I have watered the flowers.”他会说:“我己经浇花了。
”→He will say he has watered the flowers.他会说他己经浇花了。
⒊指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表:He said,"I met Mr.Smith this morning.”他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。
”→He said that he had met Mr.Smith that morning.他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。
He said,“We went to the cinema yesterday.”他说:“我们昨天去电影院了。
”→He said they had gone to the cinema the day before.他说前一天他们去电影院了。
Lily said,“I will come back next month.”莉莉说:“我下个月回来。
”→Lily said that she would go back the next month.莉莉说她下一个月就回去。
He said,“It is nine o'clock now.”他说:“现在九点了。
”→He said that it was nine o'clock then.他说那时九点了。
He said,"I haven't seen her today.”他说:“今天我没见到她。
”→He said that he hadn't seen her that day.他说那天他没有见到她。
She said,“I went there yesterday.”她说:“昨天我去了那儿。
”→She said that she had gone there the day.before.她说前一天她去了那儿。
She said,“Ill go there tomorrow.”她说:“明天我将去那儿。
”→She said that she would go there the next day.她说第二天她将去那儿。
He said,"My sister was here three days ago.”他说:“三天前我妹妹在这儿。
”→He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。
(here—there;ago—before)She said,“I will come here this evening.”她说:“今晚我将来这儿。
”→She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。
(come—go;here—there;this—that)以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定,不可机械照搬。
如果就在当地转述,here 就不必改为there,come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述,yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用,间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。
Father said,“I am free this afternoon”父亲说:“我今天下午有空。
”→Father said that he was free this afternoon.父亲说他今天下午有空。
He said,"I am going there tomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里。
”→He said that he was going there tomorrow.他说他明天去那里。
巧记:去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活,时态向后退一步,状语变化按规定。
3当直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句,改为间接引语时,须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。
其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。
巧记:if(或whether)替引号,陈述语序要记牢。
时态人称和状语要变化,千万别把它忘掉。
⒈直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时,须用连接词whether或if将其引出,使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。