惩罚性关税英语怎么说

出口信贷export credit出口津贴export subsidy商品倾销dumping外汇倾销exchange dumping优惠关税special preferences保税仓库bonded warehouse贸易顺差favorable balance of trade贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade进口配额制import quotas自由贸易区free trade zone对外贸易值value of foreign trade国际贸易值value of international trade普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT-------------------价格条件----------------------价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税port dues回佣return commission .装运港port of shipment折扣discount, allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港port of destination零售价retail price进口许口证import licence现货价格spot price出口许口证export licence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price prevailing price国际市场价格world (International)Market price离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight--------------------交货条件----------------------交货delivery轮船steamship(缩写S.S)装运、装船shipment租船charter (the chartered ship)交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper, consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\\L选择港（任意港）optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或optional charges for Buyers’account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.一/二月份装船shipment during Jan./Feb.或Jan./Feb. shipment在......(时间)分两批装船shipment during....in two lots在......(时间)平均分两批装船shipment during....in two equal lots分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月，每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C不允许／允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed ／partial shipment not permitted ／partial shipment not unacceptable---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------订单indent订货；订购book; booking电复cable reply实盘firm offer递盘bid; bidding递实盘bid firm还盘counter offer发实盘offer firm询盘（询价）inquiry;enquiry指示性价格price indication速复reply immediately参考价reference price习惯做法usual practice交易磋商business negotiation不受约束without engagement业务洽谈business discussion限**复subject to reply **限* *复到subject to reply reaching here **有效期限time of validity有效至**: valid till **购货合同purchase contract销售合同sales contract购货确认书purchase confirmation销售确认书sales confirmation一般交易条件general terms and conditions以未售出为准subject to prior sale需经卖方确认subject to seller’s confirmation需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmation------------------贸易方式------------------------INT (拍卖auction)寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent总代理人general agent累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade （或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade （又叫：往返贸易）counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent-------------------品质条件-----------------------品质quality 原样original sample规格specifications 复样duplicate sample说明description 对等样品countersample标准standard type 参考样品reference sample商品目录catalogue 封样sealed sample宣传小册pamphlet 公差tolerance货号article No. 花色（搭配）assortment样品sample 5% 增减5% plus or minus代表性样品representative sample大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality--------------------商检仲裁-----------------------索赔claim 争议disputes罚金条款penalty 仲裁arbitration不可抗力force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal产地证明书certificate of origin品质检验证书inspection certificate of quanlity重量检验证书inspection certificate of weight (quantity) **商品检验局**commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B) 品质、重量检验证书inspection certificate---------------------数量条件-----------------------个数number 净重net weight容积capacity 毛作净gross for net体积volume 皮重tare毛重gross weight溢短装条款more or less clause-----------------------外汇-------------------------外汇foreign exchange 法定贬值devaluation外币foreign currency 法定升值revaluation汇率rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate国际收支balance of payments 硬通货hard currency 直接标价direct quotation 软通货soft currency间接标价indirect quotation 金平价gold standard买入汇率buying rate 通货膨胀inflation卖出汇率selling rate 固定汇率fixed rate金本位制度gold standard 黄金输送点gold points 铸币平价mint par 纸币制度paper money system国际货币基金international monetary fund黄金外汇储备gold and foreign exchange reserve汇率波动的官定上下限official upper and lower limits of fluctuation注：间接阐明非收缩螺栓1.50 化教锚栓chemical anchoring bolt通功化教药剂使锚栓与地面结实联合的螺栓。

保险专业英语常用词汇————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期：保险英语,保险词汇共享: a ｃcept ａnce p ｏli ｃy 英文翻译：核保政策 acc ｏu ｎting p ｅr ｉo ｄ 英文翻译：结算期 ﻫagg ｒe ｇａte li ｍit 英文翻译：累积限额 ａggregated ｌoss 英文翻译：累积损失 an ｔｉｓele ｃt ｉｏn 英文翻译:逆选择ﻫART (Ａlterna ｔive R ｉｓk Tran ｓｆer)英文翻译: 新型风险转移ｂa ｌance 所欠款项 ﻫbarra ｇｅs 堰坝 ﻫca ｐtiv ｅ p ｏol ｓ 自保组合ﻫcatastr ｏphe ri ｓｋ 巨灾风险ｃｅidi ｎg compa ｎy 分出公司 ﻫcess ｉon lim ｉt 分保限额ｃla ｉm-p ｒo ｎｅ 容易出险 ﻫc ｌaimsassi ｓtance 理赔协助clean cut 结清方式ｃｏi ｎsuran ｃｅ 共保comme ｎcement and ｔerm ｉna ｔion起讫co ｖｅr 承保ｃover 责任额 ｄｅposit prem ｉｕｍ 预付保费 ﻫde ｓtroye ｄ 毁坏 ﻫea ｒth caves 土坏房屋 ﻫE ＰA ﻫｅｖｅnt lim ｉt 事件限额 ex ｇrat ｉa ｐaym ｅn ｔs 通融赔款 exces ｓ l ｏss 超额赔款 ﻫｅｘｃｌusio ｎ 除外责任 e ｘpose ｄ areas 风险承受区域 ﻫfac ｕl ｔat ｉve rein ｓｕrance 临时分保 ﻫfa ｕlt zon ｅ 断层区f ｉnite risk 有限制的风险 flash floods 骤发洪水 ﻫｆloo ｄing of rivers 洪水泛滥 ﻫfra ｍe str ｕｃt ｕre 框架结构full co ｖerag ｅ 全额承保 ﻫf ｕｌl insur ａnce ｖalue 足额保险价值 f ｕll lia ｂility 全部责任 ﻫGeophy ｓi ｃs Ins ｔit ｕte 地球物理研究所GNPI 总净保费收入hails ｔo ｒm 雹暴 ﻫheavy da ｍａge 严重破坏 4保险英语词汇翻译险种及险别险种 ﻫhe ａｌt ｈ insu ｒanc ｅ 疾病保险，健康保险 s ｉc ｋnes ｓ ｉnsur ａnc ｅ 疾病保险ｉnsur ａn ｃｅ ｄｕr ｉn ｇ a pe ｒiod of ｉlln ｅss 疾病保险in ｓuranc ｅ fo ｒ medic ａl ca ｒe 医疗保险 ＂ｍａｊｏr medi ｃal ＂ i ｎsu ｒanc ｅ polic ｙ 巨额医药费保险 ﻫlife in ｓｕr ａｎｃe 人寿保险 ﻫｅｎdo ｗm ｅｎt ｉnsu ｒａnce 养老保险insur ａnce ｏn ｌａs ｔ ｓur ｖivor 长寿保险 ﻫs ｏc ｉａl insurance 社会保险 ﻫｐers ｏn ａl ｐro ｐert ｙ i ｎsurance 个人财产保险 ﻫｉnsuran ｃe of contents 家庭财产保险 ﻫ险别 ﻫFree fr ｏm Par ｔi ｃula ｒ Aver ａge(Ｆ.Ｐ.A.) 平安险 ﻫW ｉth P ａrti ｃula ｒ Averag ｅ (Ｗ.P.A.) 水渍险 ﻫAll Ｒisk ｓ 一切险 risk of ｂr ｅaka ｇe 破碎险 risk o ｆ clashi ｎg 碰损险 ﻫr ｉsk of ｒust 生锈险 ris ｋ of ho ｏk dama ｇe 钩损险 risk o ｆ ｃontam ｉna ｔio ｎ （ta ｉn ｔi ｎg ） 污染险 ﻫｉns ｕｒa ｎce ａg ａi ｎst total ｌoss only (TLO) 全损险 r ｉsk of dete ｒioratio ｎ 变质险 ri ｓk of packing b ｒｅakag ｅ 包装破裂险 ﻫrisk ｏf i ｎｈerent vice 内在缺陷险 ﻫrisk of nor ｍal loss (ｎat ｕｒａl loss ） 途耗或自然损耗险ris ｋ of ｓpon ｔaneous comb ｕｓｔｉo ｎ 自然险 r ｉsk of cont ｉngent ｉｍport dut ｙ 进口关税险 ﻫinsuran ｃe a ｇain ｓｔ war ri ｓk 战争险 Ａir Tr ａn ｓｐorta ｔion Car ｇｏ War Risk 航空运输战争险over ｌand T ｒanspor ｔa ｔion Insurance War Risk 陆上运输战争险 i ｎsu ｒa ｎce ag ａｉnst s ｔri ｋe, riot ａnd c ｉv ｉl c ｏｍｍotion （SRCC) 罢工，暴动，民变险 ﻫｉｎsura ｎce ag ａi ｎｓt ext ｒa ｎe ｏｕs ri ｓk ｓ, insura ｎc ｅ ag ａinst a ｄｄｉtio ｎａｌ ｒisks 附加险 ri ｓk of t ｈe ｆt, p ｉｌferage a ｎd ｎondeli ｖery （TP ＮＤ) 盗窃提货不着险 ﻫrisk of ｆｒesh and/o ｆ rain w ａter da ｍag ｅ(w ｅt ｔing) 淡水雨淋险 ﻫr ｉsk of le ａｋag ｅ 渗漏险 ﻫｒｉsk ｏf ｓhortag ｅ in wei ｇht/q ｕa ｎtity 短量险 ｒis ｋ o ｆ sw ｅａting ａn ｄ／ｏr heat ｉng 受潮受热险holl ｏw b ｒｉck w ａl ｌ 空斗砖结构 hou ｒ clause 小时条款 ﻫhurric ａｎe飓风 ﻫi ｎdividual los ｓes 单一损失 ｉnsu ｒａbility 可保性ins ｕｒe ｄ losses 保险损失i ｎｔｅnsit ｙ 烈度layer ｉng 层次les ｓ exposed 损失可能性小liabilit ｙ 责任 ﻫl ｉght da ｍage 轻度破坏 ﻫｌｉne ｓl ｉps 分保条lo ａding 附加费 lo ｓs o ｃcur ｒen ｃe 损失发生 ﻫloss ｏccur ｒｉn ｇ ｂas ｉs 损失发生基础 lo ｓｓ ｐarticipation 分担损失 ﻫl ｏｓs sett ｌe ｍｅnt 损失赔付mag ｎitude 震级 ﻫmaliciou ｓ da ｍage 恶意损害 ﻫｍodera ｔe damage 中度破坏m ｕlti-story b ｕildi ｎｇ 多层建建筑 Ｍuni ｃh Ｒe 慕尼黑再n ｅt retained lines 净自留额n ｅt ｒetained l ｏsse ｓ 损失净自赔额 ﻫn ｏ ｐrofi ｔ commiss ｉon 无纯益风险 ﻫnon －ｐro ｐｏrt ｉon ａl reinｓｕrance 非比例再保险notific ａtion 告知obje ｃt 标的 obligatory re ｉnsurance 固定分保 ﻫorigin ａｌ deductib ｌes 原始免赔额 ﻫｏriginal ｒa ｔe 原始费率 ﻫｐaid-up cap ｉｔａl 已付资本ｐeak acc ｅlerator 峰值加速度 ﻫｐeril 危险PI ＣC Re 中保再placeme ｎt 安排PM Ｌ 可能最大损失 ﻫpo ｌi ｃyho ｌd ｅr 保单持有者pool 共保组合 port ｆolio ｅnt ｒy 未满期责任的出帐 portfolio ｏut ｇo 未满期责任的入帐 ﻫpremium 保费 ﻫpr ｅvious ｌosses既往损失priority 分保自留额 5保险英语翻译ﻫri ｓk of bad odou ｒ(c ｈange ｏｆflavou ｒ) 恶味险,变味险 ﻫris ｋ ｏf ｍｏｕｌd 发霉险 ﻫo ｎ ｄeck r ｉｓk 舱面险 ﻫ６保险英语翻译 保险业词汇 ﻫTer ｍs ｕse ｄ in ｉｎｓur ａnc ｅ ｉndustr ｙﻫac ｃident 意外事故险 a ｃtua ｒi ａｌ met ｈo ｄ 精算法 ﻫAdvance Ｌｏss Pr ｏf ｉｔｓ （ALO Ｐ)ﻫ预期利润损失险，利损险 Advance profit 预期利润 ﻫbroker ﻫ经纪人 Ｂusin ｅss Interrupti ｏn Insu ｒanc ｅ (BI)ﻫ营业中断险ｃａptiv ｅﻫ自保公司 ﻫｃa ｓu ａl ｔy ﻫ意外伤害险 c ａtas ｔrophe巨灾险 ced ｉng com ｐa ｎｙﻫ分出公司 cla ｉm ﻫ索赔 ﻫｃｌａim set ｔｌem ｅn ｔ 理赔 combined r ａti ｏ 综合赔付率 ﻫConsequen ｔi ａｌ Loss (CL) 7保险英语翻译,保险专业词汇。

笔译常用词汇（外贸金融）汉译英保险箱服务safe deposit box services补偿贸易compensation trade长期低息贷款long-term, low-interest loan炒股speculate in the stock market惩罚性关税punitive tariffs出口贸易export trade出口信贷export credit出口总值total export value初级产品生产国primary producing country从事贸易engage in trade存款准备金率deposit-reserve ratio定期存款time deposit对销贸易counter trade多边贸易multilateral trade恶性通货膨胀galloping inflation反洗钱制度anti-money laundering system防范金融风险guard against financial risks分税制revenue-sharing system付款条件payment terms股东持股比例equity of stock holdings股市投资stock market investment挂牌汇率nominal rate国际金融危机the world financial crisis国库券还本付息amortize state treasury bond合格境内机构投资者qualified domestic institutional investor (QDII)合格境外机构投资者qualified foreign institutional investor (QFII)合资企业joint venture互惠贸易协定reciprocal trade agreement黄金储备gold reserve汇率风险exchange risks汇率浮动与风险管理fluctuations in exchange rates and risk management 活期存款demand deposit积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy加快金融改革speed up the financial reform建立正常贸易关系establish normal trade relations借贷资本loan capital金融寡头financial magnates金融机构financial institutions金融监管financial oversight and management金融债券financial bonds紧缩银根tight money supply经济互补性economic complementarity经济全球化economic globalization经济腾飞economic takeoff经济总量economic aggregate居民消费价格指数consumer price index (CPI)居于世界前列rank among the world’s leading countries 可行性研究feasibility study控股股东controlling shareholder劳动密集型产品labor-intensive products贸易报复措施trade retaliation measures贸易壁垒trade barrier贸易互惠reciprocity in trade贸易摩擦trade friction贸易条件terms of trade贸易制裁trade sanction牛市bull market商务部Ministry of Commerce涉外经济foreign-related business生产价格指数production price index (PPI)双边会谈bilateral negotiations铁饭碗iron rice bowl; a secure job外汇储备foreign currency reserves外汇牌价foreign exchange quotation外贸工作者foreign trade personnel外贸逆差a foreign trade deficit外贸自营权power to engage in foreign trade外商独资银行wholly foreign-funded bank外向型企业export-oriented enterprise外交保险公司foreign-funded insurance company外资企业overseas-funded enterprise完全市场经济地位full market economy status稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy信用评级credit rating熊市bear market验资证明capital verification certificate一次性付款lump-sum payment议付单据negotiating documents易货贸易barter trade赢得市场gain a large share of the market佣金率rate of commission增值税退税value-added tax rebates债券市场bond market债券收益bond yield政府债券government bonds中长期贷款medium and long credit中国保险监督管理委员会China Insurance Regulatory Commission中国银行业监督管理委员会China Banking Regulatory Commission中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission主板市场main board of the stock market主权财富基金sovereign wealth fund注册资金registered capital专控商品commodity under special government control转口贸易entrepot trade资本密集或知识密集型产品capital-or knowledge-intensive products资本外逃flight of capital资产保值增值maintain and increase the value of assets资产重组assets reorganization自动提款机automated teller machine (ATM)自由贸易区free trade zone/area“走出去”、“引进来”战略strategy of “going global” and “bringing in”最大债权国biggest creditors。

Lesson 1exacerbated=deteriorated 恶化came into force=took effect 生效objective=purpose 目标buoyant=brisk 上涨的scope=opportunity 机会accelerating=speeding up 加速outcome=result 结果breakdown=analysis record 分类overhang=threat 威协reinforce 加强concessionary 优惠的减让的recognition=realization 认识到surplus=excess 盈余industrialization programme 工业化项目national income 国民收入volume of foreign trade 对外贸易额visible trade account 有形贸易收支invisible trade account 无形贸易收支growth rate 增长率foreign exchange 外汇trade fair 贸易展览会trade surplus 贸易顺差compensation trade 补偿贸易joint venture 合资企业planned economy 计划经济export quota 出口定额growth point 增长点high tech industries 高科技产业most favored nation status/treatment最惠国地位/待遇current account 经常项目stock taking=evaluating 盘点Production goods 生产资料customs duties 关税capital stock 实际资本infrastructure 基础设施foreign trade reserves 外汇储备customer goods 消费品saturation point 饱和点showpiece 优秀样品industrial crops 经济作物special economic zone 经济特区income tax rate 所得税税率technology transformation 技术改造technology transfer 技术转让capital equipments 资本设备preferential tax rate 优惠税率cooperative enterprise 合作企业imports of capital 资本进口services industry 服务业foreign exchange control 外汇管制capital intensive investment 劳动密集型投资Lesson 3farfetched=improbable 不大可能的nose=move slowly 缓慢的bound=heading 满载dynamic=booming 有活力的radiates=spreads 辐射bustling=booming 繁荣的surpass=exceed 超越slight=neglect 轻视bloc=group 集团laggard=backward 落后的per capita 人均preferred status 优先权competitive advantage 竞争优势trade bloc 贸易集团newly raising enterprise 新兴企业container plant 集装箱工厂consortium 国际财团bounce back 反弹free market 自由市场Lesson 4stagnated=stopped 停滞的aggregate=total 总计robust=strong 强健的meun=arrangements 安排adverse=unfavorable 不利的dampened=reduced 减小降低slackened= weakened 变缓慢deflator=index 指数curtailing=cutting off 消减catch up=competition 竞争in a row= in succession 连续的per capita income 人均收入hard currency 硬通货commodities market 商品市场portfolio investment 证券投资nominal terms 名义价constant terms 不变价debt restructuring 债务调整deinflationary policies 反通胀政策anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通胀货币政策industrial and agricultural productiobnuoyed=supported 支撑domestic demands 国内需求工农业生产Lesson 2assembled=formed 形成incentives=inducements 诱因promulgated=announced 发布couple with=together with 结合cope with=deal with 处理，应付uniform=same 统一的waive=exempt 免除afflicting=troubling 困扰的deftly=cleverly 巧妙地passage=pass 通过reaping=harvesting 收获gross national product 国民生产总值economic power 经济强国punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税securities and real estate markets 证券和房地产市场conglomerate 跨行业工公司private business 私人企业high tech，high wage econom高y科技高薪经济commercial hub 商业中心transfer component 资本转移部分direct investment 直接投资budget deficit 预算赤字interest rate 利率primary commodity price 初级产品价格high rates of growth 高增长率the group of seven 7 国集团workers remittance 工人侨汇monetary policies 货币政策primary goods 初级产品per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值Lesson 5retaliating=taking revenge 报复sanctions=punishments 制裁misgivings=doubt 疑惑expires=become due 期满underpinnings=evidence 根据，证据divergent=different 有分歧的seething=troubled 困惑的peeved=irritated 恼怒的mollify=relieve 减轻amenable=responsive 有责任的trade sanctios 贸易制裁trade barriers 贸易壁垒trade agreements 贸易协议government procurement 政府采购North America Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协定trade priority 贸易优先权trade partner 贸易伙伴trade in deficit 贸易赤字trade discrimination 贸易歧视trade concession 贸易让步unblock 扫除……障碍stall 拖延turn up 升级live with consequence 承担后果bully 威吓instigate 挑动Lesson 6dour=severe 严厉的soured=worsened 恶化directive=instructions 指令over-nigh=suddenly 突然justifications=reasons 正当的理由wind up=end 结束skidding=reducing suddenly 急剧下降breach=breaking 违反European community 欧共体European union 欧盟the single market 统一大市场free trade zone 自由贸易区plant modernization 工厂现代化European integration 欧洲一体化economic integration 经济一体化political integration 政治一体化barrier-freed market 无壁垒市场economic benefits 经济利益anticipate 预料accomplish 完成实现stake 利害关系merger 兼并Lesson 7die down=disappear 消失foreshadows=predicts 预示capitulating=giving in 屈服geared=adapted 使……适应amplified=strengthened 增强的withstood=resisted 经受misconceived=misunderstood 设想错误的caved in=given in 屈服come up with=put forth 拿出obtain access to a market 获得市场准入机会trade reprisal 贸易报复trade representative 贸易代表import targets 进口指标fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划multilateral rules 多边规则quantifiable results 定量结果managed trade 管理贸易trade balance 贸易差额trade deficit 贸易赤字market share 市场份额white paper 白皮书bilateral surplus 双边顺差be bound to 肯定be opposed to 反对compound 加重Lesson 8poised=ready 作好准备的delve=study 钻研puts=expresses 解释trendy=fashionable 时髦的volatile=changeable 不稳定的clout=influence 影响力shuddered=trembled 战栗edge=advantage 优势eroding=disappearing 消融beset=troubled 困扰bolstered=supported 支撑siphon=draw out 抽取state of the a rt=markedly advanced 目前最先进的sprawl 规模庞大petrochemical complex 石油化工综合企业glistening 闪闪发光的jostle with 贴近eke out 勉强维持routinely 按常规chaebol 大企业集团know how 技术技能leviathan zaibatsu 大财团The lion ’s share 最大的份额antidumping 反倾销annual growth rates 年增长率investment capital 投资资本tax breaks 税额优惠financial system 金融体制embargo 禁运economic liberalization 经济自由化market force 市场力量Lesson 9was outed from=was d riven out 离开soaring=rising 上涨wary=cautious 谨慎的compromise=harm 妥协、危害materialise=realize 实现impressive=great 印象深刻unduly=excessively 过份地seesawed=rised and fell 动荡head off =prevent 阻止capacity expansion 生产能力扩张loss leader 亏本出售的商品carbon tax 双重税CECF 中国出口商品交易会impose import surcharge 征进口附加税re-export 再出口certifications of origin 产地证明书Lesson 10spur=promote 促进squandered=wasted 浪费bedeviled=perplexed 困惑的allowing for=taking … …intoconsideration 考虑到detached=disconnected 分离的pose a threat=form 形成一种威胁sensible=reasonable 合理的awkward=improper 不适宜的countervailing duty 反补贴税intellectual property rights 知识产权trade in service 服务贸易common agriculture polic共y 同农业政策on a conservative estimate据保守估计economic growth 经济增大the Uruguay round talk 乌拉圭回合谈判farm protection 农业保护Lesson 11proceeds=earnings 收入steered=introduced 引导convertible=exchangeable 可变的antiquated=old fashioned 过时tap=choose 选择camouflage=disguised 违装的perpetuate=make everlasting 持续的access=opportunity 机会convertible currency 可兑换货币debt service 偿还贷款counterpurchase 反向购买debtor nations 债务国creditor nations 债权国reformulation 重新配方franchise 特许经销权coupons 优惠券exclusive contract 独家经销合同bottler 经销商test market 试销市场market share 市场份额Lesson 13eightfold=eight times 八倍outlets=markets 市场promote sales 促销商品USDA 美国农业部luck dray 幸运抽奖competitive edge 竞争优势Lesson 14yields=profits 利润elapsed=passed 时间消逝tumble=slump 下降boost=accelerate 促进impeded=hindered 阻碍的offset=balance 分支volatility=fluctuation 价格变化spin-offs 副产品liquid assets 流动资产surplus produce 生产过剩financial futures 期货currency movements 货币流通price index 价格指数soft commodities 软商品UNCTAD 贸发会incentive=stimulus 激励monopolize= dominate 垄断discrimination=prejudice 偏见located=found 建立balance of payment 国际收支closing price 收盘价merge of banks 银行兼并brain trust 智囊团good resistance 良好的性耐性cash crops 经济作物equivalent value 等值short supply 供应短缺the world bank 世界银行productivity 生产力exchange revenue 外汇收入import duty 进口税profit remittance 利润汇款vested interests 既得利益buzzword 专业术语insolvency 破产take title 取得所有权market regulation 市场规则public tender 公开投标market power 市场动力transferor/assignor 转让人entrepreneurship 企业家精神headquarters 总部the new and expanding industry新兴工业trade balance 贸易平衡/差额The international financial institutiop n rice cutting war削价战国际金融机构currency reserves 货币储存currency exchange 货币交换clearing agreements 清算协定compensation agreements 补偿协定leverage 杠杆机构Lesson 12live up to=tally with 符合precipitate=accelerate 促成flagship=no.1 佼佼者poses=offerspony up=pay 付账gauge=judge 衡量take it hands down 轻易接受niches=status 合适的地位soft drink 软饮料retail sales 零售investment funds 投资基金export quota system 出口配额制度Lesson 15aggravated=worsened 恶化prompted=exacerbate 加剧rallied=increase after a fall 渐缓eased=fell 下跌dampened=reduced 挫伤undertone=underlying trendat origin=at the place of origin underpinned=supported 支撑spot market 现货市场futures market 期货市场base metal 贱金属precious metals 贵金属discount rate 贴现率历年。

保险英语，保险词汇共享：acceptancepolicy英文翻译：核保政策accountingperiod英文翻译：结算期aggregatelimit英文翻译：累积限额aggregatedloss英文翻译：累积损失antiselection英文翻译：逆选择ART(AlternativeRiskTransfer)英文翻译：新型风险转移balance所欠款项barrages堰坝captivepools自保组合catastropherisk巨灾风险ceidingcompany分出公司cessionlimit分保限额claim-prone容易出险claimsassistance理赔协助cleancut结清方式coinsurance共保commencementandtermination起讫cover承保cover责任额depositpremium预付保费destroyed毁坏earthcaves土坏房屋EPAeventlimit事件限额exgratiapayments通融赔款excessloss超额赔款exclusion除外责任exposedareas风险承受区域facultativereinsurance临时分保faultzone断层区finiterisk有限制的风险flashfloods骤发洪水floodingofrivers洪水泛滥framestructure框架结构fullcoverage全额承保fullinsurancevalue足额保险价值fullliability全部责任4保险英语词汇翻译险种及险别险种healthinsurance疾病保险，健康保险sicknessinsurance疾病保险insuranceduringaperiodofillness疾病保险insuranceformedicalcare医疗保险"majormedical"insurancepolicy巨额医药费保险lifeinsurance人寿保险endowmentinsurance养老保险insuranceonlastsurvivor长寿保险socialinsurance社会保险personalpropertyinsurance个人财产保险insuranceofcontents家庭财产保险险别AllRisks一切险riskofbreakage破碎险riskofclashing碰损险riskofrust生锈险riskofhookdamage钩损险riskofcontamination(tainting)污染险insuranceagainsttotallossonly(TLO)全损险riskofdeterioration变质险riskofpackingbreakage包装破裂险riskofinherentvice内在缺陷险riskofnormalloss(naturalloss)途耗或自然损耗险riskofspontaneouscombustion自然险riskofcontingentimportduty进口关税险insuranceagainstwarrisk战争险AirTransportationCargoWarRisk航空运输战争险overlandTransportationInsuranceWarRisk陆上运输战争险insuranceagainststrike,riotandcivilcommotion(SRCC)罢工，暴动，民变险insuranceagainstextraneousrisks,insuranceagainstadditionalrisks 附加险riskoftheft,pilferageandnondelivery(TPND)盗窃提货不着险riskoffreshand/ofrainwaterdamage(wetting)淡水雨淋险riskofleakage渗漏险riskofshortageinweight/quantity短量险riskofsweatingand/orheating受潮受热险5保险英语翻译riskofbadodour(changeofflavour)恶味险，变味险riskofmould发霉险ondeckrisk舱面险6保险英语翻译保险业词汇GeophysicsInstitute地球物理研究所GNPI总净保费收入hailstorm雹暴heavydamage严重破坏hollowbrickwall空斗砖结构hourclause小时条款hurricane飓风individuallosses单一损失insurability可保性insuredlosses保险损失intensity烈度layering层次lessexposed损失可能性小liability责任lightdamage轻度破坏lineslips分保条loading附加费lossoccurrence损失发生lossoccurringbasis损失发生基础lossparticipation分担损失losssettlement损失赔付magnitude震级maliciousdamage恶意损害moderatedamage中度破坏multi-storybuilding多层建建筑MunichRe慕尼黑再netretainedlines净自留额netretainedlosses损失净自赔额noprofitcommission无纯益风险non-proportionalreinsurance非比例再保险notification告知object标的obligatoryreinsurance固定分保originaldeductibles原始免赔额originalrate原始费率paid-upcapital已付资本peakaccelerator峰值加速度peril危险PICCRe中保再placement安排PML可能最大损失policyholder保单持有者pool共保组合portfolioentry未满期责任的出Termsusedininsuranceindustryaccident意外事故险actuarialmethod精算法AdvanceLossProfits(ALOP)预期利润损失险，利损险Advanceprofit预期利润broker经纪人BusinessInterruptionInsurance(BI)营业中断险captive自保公司casualty意外伤害险catastrophe巨灾险cedingcompany分出公司claim索赔claimsettlement理赔combinedratio综合赔付率ConsequentialLoss(CL)7保险英语翻译，保险专业词汇。

GLOSSARY FOR INT’L TRADEUNIT 1 TRADE POLICIESProtect infant industry 保护幼稚产业Free trade zone自由贸易区Export subsidy出口补贴Return of product tax退税GSP: General System of Preference普惠制GATT: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关贸总协定WTO: World Trade Organization世界贸易组织MFN: Most-Favored-Nation (Treatment)最惠国（待遇）Tariff barriers关税壁垒Trade liberalization贸易自由化Export tariff出口关税Transit tariff过境关税Import tariff进口关税Revenue tariff财政关税Protective tariff保护性关税Prohibitive tariff抑制性关税Retaliatory tariff报复性关税Regulatory tariff规定性关税Anti-dumping tariff反倾销关税Ad valorem tariff从价关税Non-tariff trade barriers非关税贸易壁垒Import license进口许可证Government procurement政府采购Technological barriers技术壁垒SDR: Special Drawing Right特别提款权IMF: International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织Counter subsidy tariff反补贴关税Punitive tax惩罚性征税VAT: Value-added tax增殖税Place of origin原产地Exchange rate兑换率Regional economic integration地区经济一体化NAFTA: North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区Free flow of labour and capital劳力资本的自由流动UNIT 2 QUALITY OF GOODSIntrinsic attributes内在属性Outer form外观Chemical composition化学构成Natural / social attributes自然/社会属性Tastes and requirements of customers顾客的品味要求TQM: Total Quality Management全面质量管理Different ways of showing quality:A sale by actual quality凭成交商品的实际品质买卖B sale by sample凭样品买卖C sale by specification凭规格买卖D sale by grade凭等级买卖E sale by standard凭标准买卖F sale by descriptions and Illustrations凭说明书和图样买卖G sale by trade mark or brand凭商标或牌号买卖H sale by name of origin凭产地名称买卖I sale by inspection凭检验买卖Unless the contract stipulates otherwise除非合同另有规定Be entitled to claim compensation for losses or reject the goods有权索赔或拒收货物Duplicate sample复样For your reference only仅供你方参考Counter sample对等样品Return sample回样Representative sample代表性样品Reference sample参考样品Property right产权Technical resources技术资源Commercial inspection商检FAQ: Fair Average Quality良好平均品质（大路货）GMQ: Good Merchantable Quality上好可销品质Aquatic products水产品Within the life of the quality assurance在质保期内UNIT 3 QUANTITY OF GOODSUnited Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods联合国国际货物销售合同公约The metric system公制Weight 重量Capacity容积Numbers个数Length长度Area面积Volume体积Gross weight毛重Gross for Net以毛作净Net Weight净重Actual / Real Tare实际皮重Average Tare平均皮重Customary Tare习惯皮重Computed Tare约定皮重Conditioned Weight公量Theoretical Weight理论重量Legal Weight法定重量Net Net Weight净净重More or Less Clause溢短装条款Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits跟单信用证统一惯例Price fluctuation价格波动UNIT 4 PACKING AND MARKINGTransport packing运输包装Outer packing大/外包装Selling packing销售包装Inner packing内包装Immediate packing直接包装Materials of packing:A Case箱Wooden case木箱Crate 板条箱Carton纸箱Corrugated carton瓦楞纸箱Skeleton case漏孔箱B Bundle / Bale包C Bag袋Gunny bag麻袋Cloth bag布袋Plastic bag塑料袋Paper bag纸袋D Drum / Cask桶Wooden Cask木桶Iron Drum铁桶Plastic Cask塑料桶E Bottle瓶Can罐Demijohn / Carboy坛Basket篓Cylinder钢瓶Pallet托盘Bulk cargo or cargoes in bulk散装货Nude cargoes裸装货Consuming taste消费品味Prettify commodities美化商品Creative design创意设计Gift packing礼品式包装Portable packing便携式包装Shipping mark运输标志/唛头Geometric figure几何图形Reference No.参照编号Optional ports选择港Indicative mark指示性标志Keep dry怕湿This way up向上Handle with care小心轻放Fragile易碎Use no hook禁用手钩Warning mark警告性标志Dangerous cargo mark危险品标志Explosive爆炸物品Poison Gas有毒气体Inflammable Gas易燃气体Product Code产品代码Bar Code条形码UPC: Universal Product Code通用物品条码Neutral packing中性包装UNIT 5 PRICE OF GOODSPrice / Trade Terms价格/贸易术语Total amount总价/值Unit price单价ICC: International Chamber of Commerce国际商会The language of foreign trade对外贸易的语言INCOTERMS 2000 2000年国际贸易术语解释通则INCOTERMS: International Commercial Terms国际商业术语Costs, risks and responsibilities费用、风险和责任China Chamber of International Commerce: CCOIC中国国际商会Critical points关键点Point for division of risks / costs费用/风险划分点Point of delivery交货点Ship’s rail船舷Arrival Contract到货合同Shipment Contract装运合同Single mode of transport单式运输Multi-modal transport / combined transport多式联运US$300 per M / T CIF New York每公吨300美元，CIF纽约Cost of production生产成本Fixed costs固定成本Variable costs可变成本Invoice Value发票价值UNIT 6 DELIVERY OF GOODSTime of delivery交货时间Constructive delivery推定交货Actual delivery实际交货Symbolic delivery象征性交货Liner班轮Tramp不定期船China ports中国港口E.M.P.: European Main Ports欧洲主要港口Liner transport班轮运输Charter transport租船运输Voyage / Trip charter定程租船Time charter定期租船Weight ton重量吨Measurement ton尺码吨Port congestion surcharge港口拥挤附加费Charter party租船合同Demurrage滞期费Dispatch money速谴费Air Waybill航空运单LCL: Less than container load拼箱货FCL: Full container load整箱货Ocean Bill of Lading海运提单Varieties of B/L:A on board B/L; shipped B/L已装船提单B received for shipment B/L备运提单/收讫待运提单C clean B/L清洁提单D unclean / foul B/L不清洁提单E straight B/L记名提单/收货人抬头提单F bearer B/L不记名提单/来人抬头提单G order B/L指示提单H direct B/L直达提单I transshipment B/L转船提单J through B/L联运提单K liner B/L班轮提单L charter party B/L租船提单M long form B/L全/繁式提单N short form B/L略/简式提单O original B/L正本提单P copy B/L副本提单Q stale B/L过期提单R on deck B/L甲板/舱面提单Land –bridge transport大陆桥运输UNIT 7 CARGO TRANSPORT INSURANCE Insurer保险人Insured投保人Insurance policy保险单Subject matter insured保险标的Insured amount保险金额Premium保险费Basic principles of insurance:A insurable interest保险利益B utmost good faith最大诚信C principle of indemnity补偿原则D proximate cause近因原则Risks:A perils of the sea海上风险B extraneous risks外来风险Losses:A Total Loss全部损失/全损B Partial Loss部分损失General average contribution共同海损分摊Expenses:A sue and labour expenses施救费用B salvage charges救助费用PICC: People’s Insurance Company of China中国人民保险公司C.I.C.: China Insurance Clause中国保险条款I.C.C.: Institute Cargo Clause协会货物条款Basic Risks Coverage:A F.P.A: Free From Particular Average平安险B W.P.A.: With Particular Average水渍险C A.R.: All Risks一切险W/W clause: Warehouse to Warehouse Clause仓至仓条款General Additional Risks:A clash and breakage碰损、破碎险B taint of odour串味险C fresh water and / or rain damage淡水雨淋险D theft, pilferage and non-delivery: T.P.N.D.偷窃、提货不着险E shortage短量险F leakage渗漏险G intermixture and contamination混杂、玷污险H hook damage钩损险I sweat and heating受潮收热险K rust锈损险L breakage of packing包装破裂险Special Additional Risks:A war risk战争险B strike risk罢工险C aflatoxin黄曲霉素险D failure to deliver交货不到险E on deck risk舱面险F import duty risk进口关税险G rejection拒收险H fire risk extension clause (F.R.E.C.)— for storage of cargo at destination of Hong Kong including Kowloon or Macao. 货物出口到香港（包括九龙）或澳门存仓火险责任扩展条款Insurance Documents;A insurance policy保险单/大保单B insurance certificate保险凭证C combined certificate联合凭证D open policy预约保单E endorsement批单SRCC: strike, riots and civil commotions罢工、暴动、民变险I.O.P.: irrespective of percentage不论损失程度Claim settlement理赔Insurable value保险价值Franchise免赔率Insurance: To be covered by the Seller for 110% of the total invoice value against All Risks, as per and subject to the relevant ocean marine cargo clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China, dated January1, 1981.保险由卖方按发票金额的110%投保一切险，以中国人民保险公司1981年1月1日有关海洋运输货物保险条款为准。

accessions tax 财产增益税admission tax 通行税，入场税advertisement tax 广告税agricultural（animal husbandry）tax 农（牧）业税alcohol tax 酒精税all-phase transaction tax 全阶段交易税amusement tax 娱乐税anchorage dues 停泊税anti-dumping duty 反倾销税anti-profiteering tax 暴力税anti-subsidy/bounty/duty 反补贴税assimilation tax 入籍税automobile acquisition tax 汽车购置税aviation fuel tax 航空燃料税bazaar transaction 市场交易税benefit tax 受益税betterment tax 改良税beverage tax 饮料税bonus tax 奖金税border tax 边境税bourse tax 证券交易所税bourse transaction tax（securities exchange tax）有价证券交易税business consolidated tax 综合营业税business income tax 营利所得税business profit tax 营业利润税business receipts tax 营业收入税business tax 营业税canal dues/tolls 运河通行税capital gain tax 财产收益税capital interest tax 资本利息税capital levy 资本税capital transfer tax 资本转移税capitation tax 人头税car license 汽车执照税car tax 汽车税church tax 教堂税circulation tax 流通税city planning tax 城市规划税collective-owned enterprise income tax 集体企业奖金税collective-owned enterprise income tax 集体企业所得税commercial business tax 商业营业税commodity circulation tax 商业流通税commodity excise tax 商品国内消费税company income tax 公司所得税compensating tariff 补偿关税comprehensive income t ax 综合所得税consolidated tax 综合税consumption tax 消费税contingent duty 应变关税contract tax 契约税corn duty 谷物税corporate income tax 法人所得税corporate inhabitant tax 法人居民税corporate licensing tax 公司执照税corporate profit tax 公司利润税corporation franchise tax 法人登记税corporation tax 公司税，法人税coupon tax 息票利息税customs duties 关税death duty 遗产税deed tax 契税defense surtax 防卫附加税defense tax 国防税development land tax 改良土地税development tax 开发税direct consumption tax 直接消费税dividend tax 股息税document tax 凭证熟domestic rates 住宅税donation tax 赠与税earmarked tax 专用目的税earned income tax 劳物所得税easement tax 地役权税education duty 教育税electricity and gas tax 电力煤气税emergency import duties 临时进口税emergency special tax 非常特别税emergency tariff 非常关税employment tax 就业税enterprise income tax 企业所得税entertainment tax 娱乐税，筵席税entrepot duty 转口税environmental tax 环境税equalization charge/duty 平衡税estate tax 遗产税，地产税examination of deed tax 验契税excess profit tax 超额利润税excessive profit tax 过分利得税exchange tax 外汇税excise on eating，drinking and lodging 饮食旅店业消费税excise tax 国内消费税expenditure tax 消费支出税export duty（export tax）出口税extra duties 特税extra tax on profit increased 利润增长额特别税facilities services tax 设施和服务税factory tax 出厂税farm tax 田赋税feast tax 筵席税fixed assets betterment tax 固定资产改良税fixed assets tax 固定资产税foreign enterprise tax 外国公司税foreign personal holding company tax 外国私人控股公司税franchise tax 特许权税freight tax 运费税frontier tax 国境税gas tax 天然气税gasoline tax 汽油税general excise tax 普通消费税，一般消费税general property tax 一般财产税general sales tax 一般销售税gift and estate tax 赠与及财产税gift tax 赠与税good tax 货物税graduated income tax 分级所得税gross receipts tax 收入税harbor tax 港口税head tax/money 人头税highway hole tax 公路隧道通行税highway maintenance 养路税highway motor vehicle use tax 公路车辆使用税highway tax 公路税highway user tax 公路使用税house and land tax 房地产税house（property）tax 房产税household tax 户税hunter‘s license tax 狩猎执照税hunting tax 狩猎税immovable property tax 不动产税import duty 进口关税import surcharge/surtax 进口附加税import tax 进口税import turnover tax 进口商品流转税impost 进口关税incidental duties 杂捐income tax of urban and rural self-employed industrial and commercial household 城乡个体工商业户所得税income tax 所得税incorporate tax 法人税increment tax on land value 土地增值税indirect consumption tax 间接消费税indirect tax 间接税individual inhabitant tax 个人居民税individual/personal income tax 个人所得税industrial-commercial consolidated/unified tax 工商统一税industrial-commercial income tax 工商所得税industrial-commercial tax 工商税inhabitant income tax 居民所得税inheritance tax 遗产税，继承税insurance tax 保险税interest equilibrium tax 利息平衡税interest income tax 利息所得税interest tax 利息税internal revenue tax 国内收入税internal taxation of commodities 国内商品税internal taxes 国内税investment surcharge 投资收入附加税irregular tax（miscellaneous taxes）杂税issue tax 证券发行税joint venture with chinese and foreign investment income tax 中外合资经营企业所得税keelage 入港税，停泊税land holding tax 地产税land tax 土地税land use tax 土地使用税land value increment tax 地价增值税land value tax 地价税landing tax 入境税legacy tax/duty 遗产税license tax 牌照税，执照税liquidation tax 清算所得税liquor tax 酒税livestock transaction/trade tax 牲畜交易税local benefit tax 地方收益税local entertainment tax 地方娱乐税，地方筵席税local improvement tax 地方改良税local income tax 地方所得税local inhabitant tax 地方居民税local road tax‘地方公路税local surcharge 地方附加local surtax 地方附加税local taxes/duties 地方各税luxury（goods）tax 奢侈品税manufacturer‘s excise tax 生产者消费税mine area/lot tax mine tax（mineral product tax）矿区税mineral exploitation tax 矿产税mining tax 矿业税motor fuel tax 机动车燃料税motor vehicle tonnage tax 汽车吨位税municipal inhabitants tax 市镇居民税municipal locality tax 市地方税municipal tax市政税municipal trade tax 城市交易税negotiable note tax 有价证券税net worth tax 资产净值税nuisance tax 小额消费品税object tax 目的税objective tax 专用税occupancy tax占用税occupation tax 开业税occupational tax：开业许可税occupier‘s tax 农民所得税oil duties 石油进口税organization tax 开办税outlay tax 购货支出税passenger duty 客运税pavage 筑路税payroll tax 薪金工资税personal expenditures tax 个人消费支出税petrol duties 汽油税petroleum revenue tax 石油收益税pier tax 码头税plate tax 牌照税poll tax 人头税poor rate 贫民救济税port toll/duty 港口税，入港税premium tax 保险费税probate duty 遗嘱认证税processing tax 加工商品税product tax 产品税profit-seeking enterprise income tax 营利企业所得税progressive income tax 累进所得税progressive inheritance tax 累进遗产税property tax 财产税public utility tax 公用事业税purchase tax 购买税real estate tax 不动产税real estate transfer tax 不动产转让税real property acquisition tax 不动产购置税receipts tax 收入税recreation tax 娱乐税registration and license tax 登记及执照税registration tax 注册税regulation tax 调节税remittance tax 汇出税resident tax 居民税resource tax 资源税retail excise tax 零售消费税retail sales tax 零售营业税retaliatory tariff 报复性关税revenue tax/duty 营业收入税rural land tax农业土地税，田赋rural open fair tax农村集市交易税salaries tax 薪金税sales tax 营业税，销售税salt tax 盐税scot and lot 英国教区税seabed mining tax 海底矿产税securities exchange tax 证券交易税securities issue tax 证券发行税securities transfer /transaction tax 证券转让税selective employment tax 对一定行业课征的营业税selective sales tax 对一定范围课征的营业税self-employment tax 从业税service tax 劳务税settlement estate duty 遗产税severance tax 开采税，采掘熟shipping tax 船舶税slaughtering tax 屠宰税social security tax 社会保险税special commodity sales tax 特殊商品销售税special fuel oil tax 烧油特别税special land holding tax特种土地税special motor fuel retailers tax 汽车特种燃料零售商税special purpose tax 特种目的税special sales tax 特种销售税，特种经营税special tonnage tax/duty 特别吨位税spirit duty 烈酒税split tax 股本分散转移税stamp tax 印花税state income tax 州所得税state unemployment insurance tax 州失业保险税state-owned enterprise bonus tax 国营企业奖金熟state-owned enterprise income tax 国营企业所得税state-owned enterprise regulation tax 国企营业调节税state-owned enterprise wages regulation tax 国营企业工资调节税stock transfer tax 股票交易税stock-holders income tax股票所有者所得税succession tax 继承税，遗产税sugar excise tax 糖类消费税sumptuary tax 奢侈取缔税super tax 附加税supplementary income tax 补充所得税target job tax 临时工收入税tariff equalization tax 平衡关税tariff for bargaining purpose 谈判目的的关税tariff for military security 军事按关税tariff 关税tax for the examination of deed 契约检验税tax of energy resource 能源税tax on aggregate income 综合所得税tax on agriculture 农业税tax on alcohol and alcoholic liquors 酒精饮料税tax on bank note 银行券发行税tax on beer 啤酒税tax on business 企业税tax on capital gain 资本利得税tax on communication 交通税tax on consumption at hotel and restaurant 旅馆酒店消费税tax on deposit 股息税tax on dividends 契税tax on earning from employment 雇佣收入税tax on enterprise 企业税tax on goods and possessions 货物急财产税tax on house 房屋税tax on income and profit 所得及利润税tax on income from movable capital 动产所得税tax on land and building 土地房产税tax on land revenue 土地收入税tax on land value 地价税tax on luxury 奢侈品税tax on mine 矿税tax on pari-mutuels 赛马税，赌博税tax on produce 产品税tax on property paid to local authority for local purpose 由地方征收使用的财产税tax on property 财产税tax on receipts from public enterprises 公营企业收入税tax on revaluation 资产重估税tax on sale and turnover 货物销售及周转税tax on sale of property 财产出让税tax on specific products 特种产品税tax on stalls 摊贩税tax on the acquisition of immovable property tax 不动产购置税tax on the occupancy or use of business property 营业资产占有或使用税tax on transaction （tax on transfer of goods）商品交易税tax on transfer of property 财产转移税tax on transport 运输税tax on undistributed profit 未分配利润税tax on urban land 城市地产税tax on value add 增值税edtea duty 茶叶税television duty 电视税timber delivery tax 木材交易税tobacco consumption tax 烟草消费税toll turn 英国的牲畜市场税toll（toll on transit）通行税tonnage duty （tonnage dues）吨位税，船税tourist tax（travel tax）旅游税trade tax 贸易税transaction tax 交易税transfer tax 证券过户税，证券交易税transit dues 过境税，转口税turnover tax 周转税，流通税undertaking unit bonus 事业单位奖金税unemployment compensation tax 州失业补助税unemployment insurance tax 失业保险税unemployment tax 失业税unemployment tax 州失业税unified income tax 统一所得税unified transfer tax 财产转移统一税unitary income tax 综合所得税unused land tax 土地闲置熟urban house tax 城市房产税urban house-land tax 城市房地产水urban maintenance and construction tax 城市维护建设税urban real estate tax 城市房地产税use tax 使用税users tax 使用人头税utility tax 公用事业税vacant land tax 土地闲置税value added tax 增值税variable levy 差额税，差价税vehicle and vessel license-plate tax 车船牌照税vehicle and vessel use tax 车船使用税wages regulation tax 工资调节税wages tax 工资税war profit tax 战时利润税water utilization tax 水利受益税wealth /worth tax 财富税whisky tax 威士忌酒税windfall profit tax 暴利税window tax 窗税wine and tobacco tax 烟酒税wine duty 酒税withholding income tax 预提所得税withholding tax 预提税yield tax 收益税。

国际贸易英语常用词汇1. import - 进口2. export - 出口3. trade - 贸易4. tariff - 关税5. customs - 海关6. duty - 关税7. quota - 配额8. subsidy - 补贴9. free trade - 自由贸易10. protectionism - 爱护主义11. trade deficit - 贸易逆差12. trade surplus - 贸易顺差13. trade agreement - 贸易协定14. trade barrier - 贸易壁垒15. trade war - 贸易战16. embargo - 禁运17. dumping - 倾销18. trade liberalization - 贸易自由化19. trade imbalance - 贸易不平衡20. market access - 市场准入21. intellectual property - 学问产权22. patent - 专利23. copyright - 版权24. trademark - 商标25. standardization - 标准化26. quality control - 质量把握第1页/共6页27. logistics - 物流28. exchange rate - 汇率29. currency - 货币30. foreign direct investment - 外商直接投资31. multinational corporation - 跨国公司32. supply chain - 供应链33. container - 集装箱34. trade fair - 贸易展览会35. trade mission - 商务访问团36. goods - 商品37. services - 服务38. negotiation - 谈判39. agreement - 协议40. contract - 合同41. invoice - 发票42. payment - 付款43. delivery - 交货44. insurance - 保险45. dispute - 争议46. arbitration - 仲裁47. compliance - 符合48. documentation - 文件49. logistics provider - 物流服务供应商50. transportation - 运输51. export license - 出口许可证52. import license - 进口许可证53. trade finance - 贸易融资54. letter of credit - 信用证55. bill of lading - 提单56. customs clearance - 海关清关57. incoterms - 贸易术语58. CIF - 成本加保险加运费价59. FOB - 离岸价60. EXW - 工厂交货价61. DDP - 目的地交货价62. L/C - 信用证63. T/T - 电汇64. B/L - 提单65. NAFTA - 北美自由贸易协定66. WTO - 世界贸易组织67. ASEAN - 东南亚国家联盟68. EU - 欧洲联盟69. APEC - 亚太经济合作组织70. GATT - 关税和贸易总协定71. World Bank - 世界银行72. IMF - 国际货币基金组织73. developing countries - 进展中国家74. developed countries - 发达国家75. emerging markets - 新兴市场76. market economy - 市场经济77. command economy - 方案经济78. mixed economy - 混合经济79. inflation - 通货膨胀80. recession - 经济衰退81. economic growth - 经济增长82. purchasing power - 购买力83. economic indicators - 经济指标84. GDP - 国内生产总值85. inflation rate - 通货膨胀率第3页/共6页86. unemployment rate - 失业率87. interest rate - 利率88. exchange rate - 汇率89. stock market - 股市90. commodity - 商品91. consumer goods - 消费品92. capital goods - 生产资料93. raw materials - 原材料94. agricultural products - 农产品95. energy resources - 能源资源96. manufacturing - 制造业97. agriculture - 农业98. services sector - 服务业99. technology - 技术100. innovation - 创新101. demand - 需求102. supply - 供应103. market - 市场104. price - 价格105. cost - 成本106. profit - 利润107. competition - 竞争108. market share - 市场份额109. marketing - 市场营销110. branding - 品牌建设111. advertising - 广告112. promotion - 推销113. distribution - 分销114. consumer - 消费者115. producer - 生产者116. retailer - 零售商117. wholesaler - 批发商118. e-commerce - 电子商务119. online shopping - 网上购物120. market research - 市场调研121. target market - 目标市场122. market segmentation - 市场细分123. product life cycle - 产品生命周期124. branding - 品牌建设125. customer relationship management - 客户关系管理126. business-to-business - 企业对企业127. business-to-consumer - 企业对消费者128. business-to-government - 企业对政府129. supply and demand - 供需关系130. economic sanctions - 经济制裁131. quota system - 配额制度132. foreign exchange - 外汇133. trade deficit - 贸易逆差134. protectionist policy - 爱护主义政策135. foreign investment - 外国投资136. market share - 市场份额137. global market - 全球市场138. economic integration - 经济一体化139. international trade rules - 国际贸易规章140. trade dispute - 贸易纠纷141. trade organization - 贸易组织142. trade policy - 贸易政策143. balance of trade - 贸易平衡144. current account - 经常账户第5页/共6页145. capital account - 资本账户146. foreign exchange rate - 外汇汇率147. interest rate - 利率148. central bank - 中心银行149. monopoly - 垄断150. globalization - 全球化。

法律术语英语词汇draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权〖第一范文网整理该文章，版权归原作者、原出处所有。

〗disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税action of debt 债务诉讼acquit 无罪adjourn 暂时停止执行administrative decision 行政判决结果ad damnum 主张一定数额的赔偿金adverse judgement 不利的判决affidavit 传票送达人所写的切结书affirm 确定原判决affirm defence 积极的抗辩agency stage 行政机关的裁决agency hearing 听证会allegation 主张的事实american law 美国法an ex parte hearing 一方当事人到庭说明an adversary hearing 双方当事人到庭辩论answer 答辩状appellate jurisdiction 上诉管辖权appeal 上诉appellant 上诉人appellee 被上诉人appropriate 永久占有arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序assigned counsel 公设辩护人assumpsit 承诺履行bailment 寄托制度bail 保释beyond the reasonable doubt 超越合理的怀疑bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到国王法院进行诉讼bailliff 法庭内的法警bias 偏见bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议bond 提供担保burden of proof 举证责任case law 案例法cause of action 起诉理由chancellor 衡平法官chancery division 衡平法庭circuit court 巡回法院civil law 大陆法civil right act 人权法案civil procedure 民事诉讼法clerk 书记官closing argument 诉讼结论co－defedant 共同被告common law 普通法、习惯法、一致法、共同法compurgation 宣誓采证法compurgatory 宣誓采证法中的证人complaint 起诉状concurrent jurisdiction 竞合管辖权consideration 约因consortium 婚姻生活权；配偶权；亲权contempt of court 藐视法庭罪contract under seal 封印契约contributory negligence 加工过失corpus juris secundum 美国法律百科全书counterclaim 反诉court of common pleas 民诉法院court of king's bench 王室法院court of exchequer 财务法院court of exchequer chamber 财务上诉法院country court 乡镇法院court of common bench 民诉法院court of chancery 衡平法院court of justice of the peace 地方治安法院court of probate 遗嘱继承法院court of divorce 婚姻法院court of appeal in chancery 衡平上诉法院court of crown cases reserved 皇室上诉法院court of assize 巡回法院court of outside the united kingdom 英国境外各法院court of first instance 第一审法院court of second instance 第二审法院court of the international trade 国际贸易法院court of appeals for the federal circuit 联邦巡回上诉法院covenant 封印契约赔偿令状cross claim 被告间诉讼cross examnation 复向对方提出之证人curia regis 国王的法院damages 损害赔偿debt 返还确定金钱的令状decree 衡平法院作成的判决deductive reasoning 演绎法default judgement 一造判决defendant 被告defendant in error 被上诉人demurrer 驳回deposition 诘问内容作成的笔录detinue 非法留置的动产回复令状dialectical reasoning 论理（辩证）方法direct examination 诘问自己提出辩证direct verdict 法官指示陪审团作出直接判决discovery process 发现程序dismiss 驳回dissenting opinion 不同意见书district court 地方法院diversity jurisdiction 多元管辖权docket 案件登陆dual system 双轨并行制度due process 正当程序ejectment 不动产侵害令状en banc 法院全体法官共同审理equatible right衡平上的权利equatible defence 衡平抗辩estate 遗产ex post facto 溯及既往expert witness 专家证人express mention 明示其一排除其他原则expressio unius est exclusio alterius 明示其一排除其他原则exclusive jurisdiction 排他的管辖权exclusionary rule 证据排除法则eyre system 巡回制度felony 重罪foreman of jury 陪审团主席forms of action 严格的诉讼形式forum 法院fountain of all justices 正义的源泉freehould interest in land 对土地有完全权利者general assumpsit 不当得利令状general jurisdiction 一般管辖权geografhic jurisdiction 地域管辖权grand jury 大陪审团habeas corpus 人身保护令状hearsay evidence 传闻证据high court of justice 高级法院holding 法院判决house of lords 上议院house of commons 下议院hearing 听证会impeach 质疑证人的可信度impleader 第三人诉讼implied promise 默示承诺in personam jurisdiction 对人诉讼independent source rules 独立咨询取得的证据indictment 起诉inductive reasoning 归纳法inevitable discovery rule 当然发现原则inferior court 美国联邦法院第一级法院统称小法院information 检察官的起诉状in good faith 诚信善意原则injunction 禁止命令instruction 法官向陪审团作指示interlocutory appeal 中间上诉intermediate appellate court 中间上诉法院inerrogatory 诘问的问题issues 争点joint and several liability 连带赔偿责任judicial act 司法法案judicial committee of the privy council 枢密院司法委员会judgement on the verdict 确定原判决judgement notwithstanding the verdict 自行判决jurisdiction over the subjuct matter 对物诉讼jury 陪审团juvenile court 青少年法院judgement 法官作成的判决king's bench division 王室法庭king's council国王的咨询会议民商法学与经济法学专业词汇〖文字大小：大中小〗〖打印〗〖收藏到：QQ 百度雅虎〗〖关闭〗元宵短信元宵彩信民商法学与经济法学专业词汇Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制Lot and Block System财产法property law财产的添附accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人property administrator; custodian of property财产混同confusion; hotchpot财产留置权encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单warehouse voucher草签合同initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract长期合同long-term contract偿付能力solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权right of rescission; right of revocation 撤销要约revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权carrier’s lien诚信原则principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人charterer船舶抵押权right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产dispose of properties处分权act of disposition处分原则principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by 代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value 对等原则principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力legal capacity of juristic person 法人的责任能力capacity for responsibility of juristic person法人权限corporate power法人人格corporate personality法人身份status of a legal person法人团体corporation法人资格corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person负共同连带责任liable jointly and severally负全部责任bear all responsibilities; in all charge 负有解释的义务accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件incident附带要求contingent claim附带原因contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利conditional right赋予权力entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务fundamental duties of citizens合同contract合同法contract law合同副本copies of the contract合同规定contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法lex loci contractus合同期限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract clause) 合同有效期contract life合同正本originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered恢复原状recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件controversy over a technology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority居民委员会：the neighborhood committee履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households平等主体：civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约自由liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益benefit of cession让与权benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship所有权ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double双方法律行为bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily他物权right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任liability without negligence无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so 下落不明one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare …to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion 意思表示show one’s intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption优先权priority, preemptive right有过错的一方：the erring party有连带责任的conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失：cause any property loss责任能力capacity for responsibility责任年龄capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的object of obligation债的发生creation of obligation债的消灭extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property指定代理：appointed agency执行合同carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract主要办事机构：the main administrative office追偿：claim compensation from住所：domicile法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book; case report; law report柏拉图Plato《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights andFundamental Freedoms, 1950（罗）被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence 比较法制史comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation; accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act; act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照consult参照具体情况in the light of actual conditions参照原文consult the original查士丁尼法典Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus 查士丁尼法规汇编Authenticum超出法律范围的outside of law超出法律权限的extralegal 超过权限exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则conflict rule; rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款provisory clause除外责任条款exclusion clause触犯公共利益encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests传统法律观念traditional ideas of law纯粹法学pure theory of law次要法规by law次要规则secondary rule从宽解释原则doctrine of liberal construction从权利accessory right达到法定年龄come of age大法the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty （中）大陪审团grand jury《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务moral obligation《德国民法典》German Civil code德拉古Draco地方各级人民代表大会local people’s congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府local people’s governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制dual constitutional monarchy system二元论the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制bicameral system法的本质the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law; law enforcement法律的适用application of law法律的统一unification of law 法律的推定presumption of law法律的推理analogy of law法律的完整性integrity of law法律的效力范围force’s scale of law法律的效力形式force’s form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进evolutin of law法律的原理principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法legal methodology法律分类classification of law法律赋予权力authority conferred by law法律改革law reform法律概念legal concept法律根据legal basis法律工作者legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行process of legal relation法律关系客体object of legal relation法律关系主体subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构logical structure of legal rule法律规则体系system of legal rules法律含义intendment of law法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件legal requirement法律依据legal basis法律意见legal advice法律意见书legal opinion法律意识law-consciousness法律意义legal sense法律用语legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law andjustice法律渊源source of law法律原本注释gloss法律原理legal doctrines法律原则principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束legal binding; legal restraint法律责任legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结imputaton of legal responsibility 法律责任的认定determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体object of legal responsibility法律责任主体subject of legal responsibility法律哲学philosophy of law; philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris法律政策policy of the law法律职业道德legal ethics法律指导legal counsel法律制裁legal sanction法律制度regime of law; legal system法律秩序legal order法律主体资格capacity as a subject of law法律主张proposition of law法律属地原则territoriality of laws法律著述legal literature法律专家legal expert法律专业legal profession法律专著和教科书legal treatise and textbook法律咨询legal advice法律尊严legal sanctity法盲legal illiterates法权right法社会学sociology of law 汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution法系legal system法协会law society法学jurisprudence法学博士doctor of jurisprudence法学导论leading principles of law法学的范畴体系the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法学的基石范畴fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法method of jurisprudence法学方法论methodology of jurisprudence法学会law society法学教科书law textbooks法学理论theory of law; legal theory法学权威an academic authority in law法学士bachelor of law法学体系system of jurisprudence法学通论first principles of law法学院faculty of law; law school法医forensic medicine法医学forensic medicine法院court法院调查judicial investigation法院管辖权competence of court法院管辖以外的extrajudicial法院判决court decision法院系统court structure法院组织法judicature act法则articles法哲学philosophy of law法制legal institution法制传统tradition of law system法制的精神spirit of legality法制的尊严dignity of the legal system法制观念legal concept法制观念淡薄very weak in the understanding of law法制教育legal education; education of legal system法制史legal history; history of legal system法治rule of law法治的机制the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素the element of rule of law非实质的immaterial非营利的non-profit非约束性条款permissive provision废止法律annulment of law分别管辖权separate jurisdiction分别财产制separation of property regime分别规定separate provision分担责任share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制division of labor responsibility system分级管理different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度distribution system分析法理学analytical jurisprudence否决权power veto; veto power否认事实denial of facts服从法律amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决accept a judgment符合程序be in order符合法律be in conformity with law符合宪法constitutionality符合宪法的法律constitutional law符合原则be in conformity with the principle盖尤斯Gaius 概括裁定general verdict概括继承general succession干扰司法公正interference with course of justice 刚性条款entrenched clause刚性宪法rigid constitution岗位责任制post responsibility system高等法院high court; high court of justice高度集中highly centralize高度民主high level of democracy高度自治权high degree of autonomy高级法官senior judge高级法院superior court高级人民法院Higher People’s Court高级人民检察院Higher People’s Procuratortate 搁置set aside; abeyance格式条款clause of style公认的行为准则established standard of conduct规避法律in fraud of law规避义务evade obligations规范的法律规则normative rule of law规范法学normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化normalization of normative legal document国际法international law国际法学international jurisprudence过错方tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则doctrine of presumption过错责任liability for wrongs; tort liability海事法院court of admiralty《汉穆拉比法典》Code of Hammurabi合并条款consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产legal personal property合法地位legal status合法权益the lawful rights and interests合法行为lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性constitutionality衡平法equity衡平法规则rule of equity衡平法学equity jurisprudence衡平法院Court of Chancery (美)；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.后法优于前法lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered互为因果reciprocal causation基本法fundamental law基本法律规范basic norm of law基本方针basic policies基本权利和义务basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规technical legal rule家庭法family law建立法律关系create legal relations教会法canon law《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici教会法学家decretalists解释法律的技术规则technical rule of interpretation解释权power of interpretation近因immediate cause禁治产人imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地：habitual residence经法律确认的ascertained by law经法律许可authorized by law经验法学scholastic theories of law纠问式审判trial by inspection or examination具有法律约束力的文件legally binding instrument 具有同等效力的with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例binding precedent绝对衡平法absolute equity 君主立宪制度constitutional monarchy开罗会议Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义keynesianism可撤销的法律行为revocable juristic act可让与性alienability可用法律强制执行的enforceable at law可预见的foreseeable可直接适用的法律directly applicable law可追溯的retrospective客观条件objective condition客观因素objective factor客体object扩充解释amplified interpretation理论法理学派theoretical jurisprudence school理性决定说theory of rational decision理性认识conceptual knowledge历史法学historical jurisprudence历史法学派historical school of law历史解释historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权law-making power; legislative power 立法委任权legislation mandate立法效力legislative effect立法议案bills立法者law-maker; legislator立宪constitutionalism利益冲突conflict of interests利害关系人interested person连带法律关系joint legal relations连带责任joint and several obligation论理解释logical interpretation罗马法Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系Roman-Law System罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世Justinian I罗马法理学jurisprudential《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest罗马法学派school of Romanists罗马－日耳曼法系Roman-Germanic family罗马私法Jus Privatum逻辑解释logical interpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案Marbury vs. Madison马克思主义法律理论Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家Marxist jurist没有事实根据的unsubstantial美国国际法协会American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院United States district courts美国联邦法官federal judge没有法律依据的lawless没有判决先例的案件case of first impression《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis民法典civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法通则：General Principles of the Civil Law民法学science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则“by a preponderance of evidence”in civil cases民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights民事权益：civil rights and interests 民事诉讼法学Civil Procedure Law民事制裁civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门：the civil affairs department明代法规laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty 明示或默示的express or implied默示表达communication by implication拿破仑法典The Code Napolean内部规章internal regulations纳妾制concubinage南京条约(1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843拟制理论fiction theory拟制买卖mancipatio欧洲大陆法continental law偶然权利contingent right偶然因果关系fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素accidentalia偶因accidental cause排他的权利right to exclude all others派生的权利derived right派生取得derivative acquisition判例法系Case Law System普通法法系Common-Law System判例法系Case Law System判例汇编reports; reports of judgments普通法common lawAb initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。