写作与修辞contrast_and_comparison的用法与比较

托福写作之论证逻辑-类比和对比论证类比和对比两种论证方式有什么区别，在托福写作中又该如何正确使用t它们，下面一起来看看吧！托福写作之论证逻辑-类比和对比论证类比和对比是英语写作中非常常见的两种段落发展的论证手段，一般涉及到两个或若干个事物之间的比较。

这两种方法有着很大的区别，类比(compare)重点强调两个事物的相同点，比如A和B的相同点是什么。

而对比(contrast)重点强调两个事物的不同点。

在托福写作中，经常会涉及到两件事情的比较，找到这两件事情各自的优点和缺点是什么，然后去衡量取舍。

一、段内类比可以用到的连接词similarly, similar to, as, like, corresponding to, likewise, by the same token, the same is true of , in comparison, 等等。

我们来看一个段内类比的范文1：Some of the funniest pieces of literature is actually very close to being tragic, and vice versa. By the same token, try to imagine the face of a clown: One half of his face laughs and the other half cries。

翻译：一些最滑稽的文学作品实际上很接近悲剧，反之亦然。

同样地，想象一下小丑的脸庞：一半脸会大笑，另一半脸会大哭。

这段文字类比的是：滑稽的文学作品的特点和小丑的脸的特征，都是悲喜交加。

我们来看一个段内类比的范文2：Different pressures will distract people from their concentration. Employees who are exposed to the pressure from colleagues may hardly focus on their daily work. Similarly, students who have to cope with intense peer pressure may have a hard time concentrating on their academic subjects.翻译：不同的压力会使人们无法专注于一件事情上。

英文写作中的比较和对比技巧在英文写作中，比较和对比是一种常用的表达方式，它能够帮助我们清晰地理解事物之间的差异和相似之处。

然而，在运用比较和对比技巧时，我们需要注意一些要点，以确保表达的准确性和逻辑性。

首先，我们应该选择合适的词汇和表达方式来进行比较和对比。

在英语中，有许多词汇和短语可以用来表示比较和对比，如"比较而言"（by comparison），"与此相反"（in contrast to），"与……相比"（compared to）等等。

这些词汇和短语能够帮助我们准确地引出比较和对比的对象，使读者更好地理解我们的观点。

其次，我们需要将比较和对比的对象进行合理的分类。

比较和对比需要建立在明确的比较标准之上，否则容易造成混淆。

举个例子，假设我们要比较两个城市的气候，我们可以选择温度、湿度、降雨量等方面作为比较标准。

通过合理的分类，我们能够更好地组织我们的思路，提供一个清晰的框架。

此外，我们还可以使用图表、图像和实例来支持我们的比较和对比。

图表和图像能够直观地展示事物之间的差异，使读者更好地理解我们的论点。

实例则可以提供具体的案例来支持我们的观点，增加论证的有力性。

例如，如果我们要比较两种教育制度的优劣，我们可以引用一些成功的案例来说明其中的不同之处。

此外，我们还应注意在比较和对比中保持客观和中立。

当我们描述事物的优劣时，我们需要基于客观的标准来进行评判，而非主观偏见。

这样做能够增加我们文章的可信度和说服力。

同时，我们也要尊重他人的观点，避免批判或偏见的表达方式。

最后，我们需要总结我们的比较和对比，并给出一个明确的结论。

比较和对比只是我们表达观点的一种手段，而非唯一目的。

结论是我们对比较和对比结果的总结和归纳，是整个文章的重点和亮点。

我们要注意结论的准确性和简洁性，让读者能够清晰地理解我们的观点。

总之，比较和对比在英文写作中是一种十分重要的技巧。

24.1 Comparison and Contrast（⽐较与对照） Often we may want to describe several aspects of two subjects that have both similarities and differences.When we compare two things，we show how they are similar；when we contrast two things，we show how they are different.We may compare or contrast two schools，two cars，two friends，two jobs，two cities，etc.。

For this purpose，we may employ the combined techniques of comparison and contrast.In writing the essay，you should always bear two important decisions in mind：①Whether you are to do a comparison，a contrast，or a mixture，or②Whether you are to use an item-to-item（逐事⽐较）or point-to-point（逐点⽐较）method of development（both have been explained and illustrated in Unit14） Model Essay 24-1 Shanghai and New York are two of the biggest cities in the world.They are different in some ways，but they are similar in some other ways. Shanghai is one of the most densely populated cities in Asia，and New York is one of the most densely populated cities in North America.The population of Shanghai is homogenous，but thepopulation of New York is heterogeneous.The people in Shanghai speak Chinese；the people in New York speak English instead.The cost of living in Shanghai is generally low in comparison with that in New York.While the people in Shanghai take buses or ride bikes to go to work，the people in New York drive cars or take subways to get to work.The people in Shanghai use fans to keep cool，where as the people in New York use air-conditioning. Both Shanghai and New York are cities of great wealth and poverty.In both cities，there is a great deal of beauty and a great deal of ugliness.Many people in Shanghai are as kind and helpful as those in New York.Conversely，some people in Shanghai are as dangerous as those in New York.In both cities，there are people who work all day and people who work all night.Both cities are never asleep. To some visitors，both Shanghai and New York are a paradise and a jungle. 24.2 Analysis of the Model Essay（范⽂分析） From the above point-to-point essay，we can see that the similarities and differences of Shanghai and New York are as follows： ①Differences： a.population（homogeneous S （heterogeneous NY nguage （Chinese S （English NY C.cost of living（low S （high NY d.transportation（buses and bikes S （cars and subways NY e.cooling appliances（fans S （air-conditioning NY ②Similarities： a.both are most densely populated b.both are cities of great wealth and poverty c.both are beautiful and ugly d.both have kind and helpful people and dangerous people e.both are never asleep 通过以上⽐较和对照法的结合使⽤，作者巧妙地将与主题有关的五个异同点联系在⼀起，交替进⾏逐点⽐较、对照，这使得读者从始⾄终能够把握⽐较与对照的线索。

Comparison and Contrast比较和对照的写作方法一．目标、重点和难点目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；重点：熟悉比较和对照写作方法的特点、模式及相关写作语块（词组、结构及句子）；难点：训练学生对作文主题的思维拓展以及相关语言表达的总结。

二. 基本Comparison and Contrast的写作方法1. Definition: Comparison and contrast come in three different ways.1) Comparison: You are asked to explain how two or more things are alike.2) Contrast: You are asked to explain how two or more things are different.3) Comparison and contrast: You are asked to explain how two or more thingsare alike and different.2. An ExampleHere are two different ways (T-Chart and Venn Diagram) to organize information. As an example, we will look at the Smilodon and the Caribou -- two animals that lived during the Ice Ages.1) The T-Chart:Smilodon CaribouCharacteristicsenvironment the Arctic the Arcticdiet meat plantsweapons teeth, claws antlers, hoovesteeth sharp, pointed blunt, roundedanimal group mammal mammalwhen it lived Ice Ages Ice Ages/present2) The Venn Diagram:Questions：1) Compare: How were the caribou and the smilodon alike?The caribou and the smilodon were both mammals. The smilodon lived in the Arctic regions during the Ice Ages, as did the caribou. Like the smilodon, the caribou was able to protect itself from predators.)2) Contrast: How were the smilodon and caribou different?Although the caribou and the smilodon were both mammals, they were very different in many ways. The caribou was a plant-eater, unlike the smilodon, which ate meat. The caribou had blunt, rounded teeth for eating plants, whereas the smilodon had sharp, pointed ones. The smilodon became extinct at the end of the Ice Ages, in contrast to the caribou, which still lives in the Arctic regions today.三．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:1. 块状比较方式（block method），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。

Comparison and Contrast 比较和对照的写作1.目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较相似点，对照强调不同之处）2.使用比较和对照写作方法一般是说明文和议论文，常见的比较对照有两种方式：1.块状比较方式：(block method )先A 后B,即A1，A2，A3----; B1,B2,B3----。

2.逐点比较方式：(point-by-point method ) AB交错，即A1，B1;A2，B2;A3，B3----范文一：(块状比较法)Country life and City lifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other,city life or rural life .Both have their merits and shortcomings .living in the city has a great many advantages .,First ，you can enjoy various kinds of foods，both foreign and domestic .Second, there are more cultural activities in the city —you can go to the concert ,the theatre ,the movies or the disco club after a day’s hard work .But city life has many problems too. The overcrowded population ,traffic jam , industrial pollution ,and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness .living in the country ,however ,you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want ,you can certainly have a huge garden while asmall green space seems a luxury in the city .In the country ,you don’t have so much worries .You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the soil and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food .But rural life may not perfect .Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote corners of the world .You may again miss the parties ,friends and movies in the city .Like anything else ，country life and city life have their Advantages and disadvantages .The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasure of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.范文二：（逐点比较法）Middle School life and college LifeThere are many differences between middle school and the college .First , in the middle school , we have to listen to what the teacher says in class to understand the content of the text .But in college ,we must study by ourselves before class. If not ,we couldn’t follow the teacher .Second ,there are lots of rules in the middle school .For example , we should wear the uniform ,the girls must have their hair cut short .and we are not allowed to make boy-girl friends . However ,in college ,we have more freedom .We can wear the clothes we like .And the girls could have longbeautiful hair . We are also free to make boy or girlfriends .The third ,in the middle school ,we must study first .That means we could do nothing but study .In contrast ,we have to do everything by ourselves in college .That means we must plan our time carefully .There are also other differences between our school life and our college life .We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life .。

修辞手法学习使用对比排比夸张拟人比喻和倒装进行写作修辞手法学习：使用对比、排比、夸张、拟人、比喻和倒装进行写作修辞手法，在文学创作中起着至关重要的作用。

它们以其独特的方式，能够使文章更加生动、引人入胜。

在本文中，我们将深入探讨修辞手法中的对比、排比、夸张、拟人、比喻和倒装，并介绍它们在写作中的应用。

一、对比（Contrast）对比是一种通过将两个或多个事物进行相互比较，突出它们之间的差异或相似之处的修辞手法。

通过对比，可以使写作更具对比度，增加文章的吸引力和表达力。

以一个简单的例子来说明：在描述夏天时，我们可以对比夏季与冬季的差异。

夏天炎热、明亮，而冬天则寒冷、阴暗。

通过对比，我们可以清晰地描绘出这两个季节的特点，使读者更好地理解和感受。

二、排比（Parallelism）排比是通过重复相同的句法结构或形式，来强调一系列话语的修辞手法。

排比能够使文章更加流畅、统一，增强语言的节奏感和艺术美感。

举个例子，在描述一个美丽的花园时，我们可以使用排比来叙述各种花卉的色彩和香气：“红的玫瑰，黄的向日葵，紫的薰衣草，白的茉莉，芬芳的香味弥漫着整个花园。

”三、夸张（Hyperbole）夸张是一种夸张事物的特征或程度的修辞手法。

夸张能够突出事物的某种特点或表达情感，具有强烈的感染力和表达力。

例如，当我们形容某人十分害怕时，我们可以说：“他吓得魂飞魄散，脸色苍白如纸，整个人像是被吓瘫了一样。

”通过夸张的表达方式，我们能够更加生动地描绘出这个人的惊恐之态。

四、拟人（Personification）拟人是将非人物赋予人的特质或行为，使其具备人类的思维、感情等修辞手法。

拟人能够让事物更富有情感，更具表现力。

例如，我们可以用拟人来描写风景：“大海无边，狂风吹过，浪花拍打着岸边的石头，仿佛在与大地亲吻。

”通过拟人的描写，我们使得风景更具有生命力，读者更容易产生共鸣。

五、比喻（Metaphor）比喻是一种通过将一个事物与另一个事物进行直接或间接的类比，以便更好地揭示和传达思想的修辞手法。

说明文的几种写作方法英语写作是"听、说、读、写"四项技能中较难掌握的一项,同时也是大学英语教学中最为薄弱的环节,下面是店铺整理的说明文的几种写作方法，希望对大家有帮助。

说明文的几种写作方法1.举例法(examples)举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance，still another example is…等词语引出2.罗列法(listing)在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。

罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all，…Secondly，…And final ly，…We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all，…Secondly，…And finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first，second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

3.比较法(comparison and contrast)比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。

比较法又可细分为比较相同点(comparison)和比较不同点(contrast)两种方法，比如：From Paragraph to EssayAlthough they are different in length (长度)， the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure (结构)。

20种英语修辞手法整理英语修辞手法是英语写作中常用的一种技巧，通过巧妙地运用修辞手法，可以增加文章的表现力和吸引力，使读者更加有兴趣阅读。

本文将整理介绍20种常见的英语修辞手法。

一、比喻（Metaphor）比喻是一种常见的修辞手法，用于通过将两个不相干的事物进行比较，以增强表达的效果。

例如：“他是一只勇敢的狮子。

”二、暗喻（Implicit Metaphor）暗喻是一种通过隐晦的方式进行比喻的修辞手法，不直接明示被比较的事物。

例如：“他是个夜猫子。

”三、拟人（Personification）拟人是将非人事物赋予人的特质或行为的修辞手法。

例如：“大地张开了它温暖的怀抱。

”四、夸张（Hyperbole）夸张是一种通过夸大事物的说法来产生强烈效果的修辞手法。

例如：“我等了一万年。

”五、对比（Contrast）对比是一种通过将两个不同或相反的事物进行相互对比，以突出差异或强调某一方面的修辞手法。

例如：“他的言行恰恰相反。

”六、排比（Parallelism）排比是一种通过对句子或短语进行平行结构的修辞手法，以强调重点或增加语句的节奏感。

例如：“奋斗，拼搏，追求，努力。

”七、倒装（Inversion）倒装是一种颠倒语序的修辞手法，常常用于疑问句或为了强调某一部分。

例如：“Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.”八、反问（Rhetorical Question）反问是一种用疑问句的形式表达肯定或否定的修辞手法，常用于强调某一观点或引起读者思考。

例如：“难道你不想成功吗？”九、比较（Comparison）比较是通过将两个事物进行对比，以凸显共同点或差异的修辞手法。

例如：“学习就像是爬山，充满了艰辛和挑战。

”十、设问（Hypophora）设问是一种在文章中提出问题，并在下文中进行回答的修辞手法，常用于引起读者的关注和思考。

例如：“你知道成功的秘诀是什么吗？答案很简单——努力。

对比修辞格赏析及在写作中的应用Appreciation for Antithesis and Nts Application in Writing对比，亦称对照，它的特点是把两个结构相同或相似、语义相反或相对的单词、短语、从句（指从属关系）或句子（指并列关系）并列在一起，以求得到一种结构匀称的形式美和强烈的反差效果。

从比照方式上看，对比修辞格多为一物两面对比和两物对比两种类型。

1.一物两面对比是将同一事物的两个相反或相对方面放在一起互相对比。

通过对比，反映出事物的对立面，揭示既矛盾又统一的辩证关系，让人们更全面、更透彻地认识事物的本质。

例如：A poet is born，not made.（诗人是天生的，而无法后天培养。

）It matters not how a man dies，but how he lives.（至关紧要的是一个人如何活着，而不是如何逝去。

）We’ve learned to rush，but not to wait；we have higher incomes，but lower morals.（我们学会了如何匆忙，却不会耐心等待；我们的收入提高了，但道德水准却每况愈下。

）If a free society cannot help themany who are poor，it cannot save thefew who are rich。

（倘若一个自由的社会不能帮助众多的穷人，那么它也不可能拯救少数的富人。

）Life is made up of opposites. At this very moment a baby is born，and an old woman is dying，a young cou-ple have fallen in love，and someone is broken with grief.（万物充满了对立统一。

此时此刻，当一个婴儿刚刚出生时，一位老妪则要行将就木，当一对年轻男女坠人情网时，却又有人悲伤地劳燕分飞。

对比衬托作文100字英文回答：Contrast and Comparison.When it comes to comparing and contrasting two things, there are always similarities and differences to consider. Let's take the example of two different cities, New York and Tokyo.Firstly, in terms of size, New York is much larger than Tokyo. With a population of over 8 million, New York is a bustling metropolis with skyscrapers and a fast-paced lifestyle. On the other hand, Tokyo is also a big city, but it is even more crowded, with a population of over 13 million. This means that Tokyo is more densely populated and can feel even more crowded than New York.Secondly, the culture in these two cities is quite different. In New York, you can experience a melting pot ofcultures, with people from all over the world living and working together. You can find a variety of cuisines, art, and music from different cultures. However, in Tokyo, the culture is more homogeneous, with a strong emphasis on Japanese traditions and customs. This can be seen in the architecture, food, and even the way people interact with each other.Lastly, the transportation systems in these cities also differ. In New York, the subway is the main mode of transportation, with a complex network of lines that can take you anywhere in the city. On the other hand, Tokyo has an extensive train system, including the famous bullet trains, which are known for their speed and efficiency. This makes getting around Tokyo much easier and faster compared to New York.In conclusion, while both New York and Tokyo are major cities, they have their own unique characteristics. New York is larger and more diverse, while Tokyo is more crowded and culturally homogeneous. Additionally, their transportation systems also differ. It's fascinating to seehow different cities can have their own distinct identities and experiences.中文回答：对比和对照。