化学英语证书考试(PEC)天然药物化学专业词汇Word版

化学英语证书考试（PEC）-化工技术术语解释Gas VolumeThe amount of air or gas intake in a particular time unitm3/min、CMM：gas volume per1 minutem3/h、CMH：gas volume per1 hourm3/min、CFM：gas volume per min = cubic feet (used often in America)1f3/min＝0.0283m3/minNm3/min：gas volume under normal conditions (0℃, humidity 0%, intake absolute pressure 760mmHg)Convert into the gas temperature. Calculation is belowQt：converted gas temperature t℃gas volumeQN：requested gas volume under normal conditionsStatic PressuremmAq：A unit shown in height when the water pumped in or upAq=Aqua (water) abbreviation. Waterspout in millimeters (written as mmH2O)inH2O：If not in millimeters, written in inches. (used often in America)1 inch＝25.4mmPa：Pascal (International unit for measuring pressure)1mmAq＝9.80665Pakgf/m2：1kgf/m2＝1mmAqbar：bar (European unit for measuring pressure)1bar＝10.197mAq、1mbar＝10.197mmAqShaft PowerThe measure of power used at the shaft of the fan. Shaft power is measured in kW.Revolution Speedrpm、（R/M）、min-1：revolution per 1 minuteGas Specific Weightkg/m3：Weight per unit volume of gasGenerally1.2kg/m3 is most common under normal conditions (20℃, relative humidity 65%, and absolute pressures 760mmHg)The specific weight of the gas changes due to temperature variations.The change in the specific weight of the gas due to temperature is calculated as follows.：Specific weight of gas at temperature t℃of gas kg/m3：Specific weight of gas in 0℃temperature of gas kg/m3Conversion affected in specific weight volume performanceAll the performance labels in the fan catalog (capacity chart) are displayed by the normal atmosphericconditions. Therefore, specific weight becomes 1.2kgf/m3.Usually under general atmospheric condition there is no problem but when specific weight of the gas differs bya large amount it is necessary to refer to the capacity range chart.This conversion is calculated as follows(1)Static PressureSSp＝The actual static pressure found in a particular situation (static pressure required by the customer) mmAqSp'：Static pressure as shown seen in capacity range chart mmAq：The specific weight of the gas used(2)Shaft PowerLB：Actual shaft power kWLB'：Shaft power as shown in the capacity range chart：Specific weight of gas being used kg/m3Conversion affected in rotation speed performanceThe relation between the change in the blower rotational speed and the change in the gas volume, the static pressure, and the shaft power is proportional as follows.(1)Gas V olume(2)Static Pressure(3)Shaft PowerN1：Rotation speed before change rpmN2：Rotation speed after change rpmQ1：Gas volume before change in rotational speed m3/minQ2：Gas volume after change in rotational speed m3/minSp1：Static pressure before change in rotational speed mmAqSp2：Static pressure after change in rotational speed mmAqLB1：Shaft power before change in rotational speed kWLB2：Shaft power after change in rotational speed kWNatural TypeNatural draught without using a blower.Forced Draft TypeA blower is installed at the air intake of the towerInduced Draft TypeA blower is installed at the air outlet of the towerClosed TypeAn indirect cooling method where water passes through a pipe and the air and spayed water flow outside of the pipe.Open TypeAir/water direct contact methodWhat is a cooling tower?An equipment that cools circulating water with air. The principle of the cooling tower: the circulating waterloses heat during evaporation thus lowering the temperature.CavitationCavitation is the forming and subsequent collapse of bubbles in a liquid when water at normal temperature is pumped up more than 10m and the saturated vapor pressure falls below the static pressure. It's a phenomenon that occurs when the static pressure drops below the saturated vapor pressure, evaporates or condenses the liquid, thus creates bubbles. When these bubbles collapse, it creates a shockwave, noise and vibration and reduces the efficiency of the machinery, such as screws or pumps. The erosion of the machinery could cause the machinery to be destroyed during cavitation.When the available NPSH is greater than the necessary NPSH, depending on the given conditions of pipe or pump installation, cavitation will not occur.Available NPSHThere is a need for a higher static head pressure when the total pressure at the impellor suction is equivalent or higher than the saturated vapor pressure, cavitation in the pump will not occur. This available NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) can be calculated as follows.NPSHav＝Ha－Hvp±Hs－hl・Ha：working atmospheric pressure at suction surface (m)・Hvp：Saturated vapor pressure at that water temperature (m)・Hs：Suction Total Head (m) (when pumping in +, when pumping up - )・hl：Suction loss from all pipingDynamic SealIn the case of a vertical Molded pump: when the pump is in operation, the centrifugal force at the back of the impellor blade pushes the liquid to the casing, forming a liquid membrane. This effect at the rear of the blade prevents leakage.Hold UpHold up is the volume of liquid retained in the filling during operation.HOGAn indicator showing the performance of the filling. The lower the indicator, the better the performance. It is varied according to the type and concentration of gas and, the type of filling and capacity of the cleaning fluid.FloodingWhen there is too much cleaning fluid being spayed it fills the airspace in the filling, causing the gas flow to beobstructed. The gas then tries to force its way through, causing the fluid to burst into droplets passed outsidewith the gas. This phenomenon is called flooding.Biological Deodorizing TowerPorous ceramic is used in this deodorizing processing equipment where the carrier filled with living bacterias metabolize and decompose odors through oxidization.Activated Carbon Absorption TowerThis equipment removes odors with activated carbon.Cleaning Tower (Scrubber)When polluted gas enters the equipment, water or harmful elements are neutralized by a chemical solution within the tower. They are then absorbed into a cleaning fluid and further neutralized so that a clean gas may be discharged. This type or cleaning tower is known as a scrubber.。

名词解释1、天然药物：来源于天然资源的药物，是药物的重要组成部分，亦是创新药物和先导物的重要来源2、天然药物化学：现代科学理论、方法和技术研究天然药物中化学成分、寻找药效成分的一门学科3、有效成分（ Effective Constituents）指具有生理活性、有药效，能治病的成分。

4、有效部位：指含有一种主要有效成分或一组结构相近的有效成分的部位，称为有效部位。

如：总生物碱、总皂苷或总黄酮等。

5、无效成分（Inffective Constituents）指无生理活性、无药效，不能治病的成分。

6、有毒成分：指能导致疾病的成分。

7、有效部位（Effective Extracts）指含有一种主要有效成分或一组结构相近的有效成分的部位，称为有效部位。

如：总生物碱、总皂苷或总黄酮等。

8、提取常用方法：1．浸渍法2．渗漉法3．煎煮法 4 ．回流提取法5．连续回流提取法9、利用分子中价键的伸缩及弯曲振动在波数4000～ 500cm-1 红外区域引起的吸收，而测得的吸收图谱叫红外光谱。

特征频率区4000～1600 cm-1 指纹区 1500～600 cm-110、常见官能团伸缩振动区：①O-H、N-H（3750~3000 cm-1）② C-H（3300~2700 cm-1）③ C≡C（2400~2100 cm-1）④C=O（1900~1650cm-1 ）⑤ C=C（1690~1600 cm-1）11、已知物的鉴定，一般通过光谱图中吸收峰的位置、强度和峰形与已知化合物的标准红外光谱图相比较，可以判断被测定的化合物是否与已知化合物的结构相同。

红外光谱对未知结构化合物的鉴定，主要用于官能团的确认、芳环取代类型的判断。

12、质谱 (mass spectrometry)，就是化合物分子经电子流冲击或用其他手段打掉一个电子后，形成正电离子，在电场和磁场的作用下，按质量大小排列而成的图谱。

13、核磁共振波谱是化合物分子在磁场中受到另一射频磁场的照射，当照射场的频率等于原子核在外磁场的回旋频率时，有磁距的原子核就会吸收一定的能量产生能级的跃迁，即发生核磁共振，以吸收峰的频率对吸收强度作图所得到的图谱。

化学英语证书考试（PEC）-基础化学常用词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。

中药 traditional Chinese drug生药 crude drug草药 medicinal herb民族药 ethnic drug地产药材 native drug道地药材 famous-region drug中成药 Chinese patent medicine海洋生药学 marine pharmacognosy药用植物学 medicinal botany植物化学 phytochemistry植物化学分类学 plant chemotaxonomy 生药拉丁名 Latin name of crude drug 学名 scientific name来源 source混淆品 adulterant类同品 allied drug伪品 counterfeit drug代用品 substitute掺伪 adulteration天然产物 natural product化学成分 chemical constituent有效成分 effective constituent主成分 main constituent活性成分 active constituent莽草酸途径 shikimic acid pathway乙酸一丙二酸途径 acetate-malonate pathway乙酸- 甲瓦龙酸途径 acetate-mevalonate pathway 单糖 monosaccharide戊糖 pentose己精 hexose庚糖 heptose辛糖 octose脱氧糖 deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar呋喃糖 furanose吡喃糖 pyranose寡糖 oligosaccharide二糖 disaccharide三糖 trisaccharide四糖 tetrasaccharide五糖 pentosaccharide多糖 polysaccharide菊糖 inulin黏液 mucilage树胶 gum果胶 pectin半纤维素 hemicellulose纤维素 cellulose甲壳质 chitin肝素 heparin硫酸软骨素 chondroitin sulfate玻璃酸 hyaluronic acid直链淀粉 amylose支链淀粉 amylopectin糖原 glycogen费林试验 Fehling test苷 glycoside糖杂体 heteroside苷元 aglycone苦杏仁酶 emulsin氰苷 cyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycoside酚苷 phenolic glycoside多酚 polyphenol醛苷 aldehyde glycoside醇苷 alcoholic glycoside吲哚苷 indole glycoside树脂醇苷 resinol glycoside硫苷 thioglycoside呫吨酮 xanthone呫吨酮苷 xanthonoid glycoside蒽醌 anthraquinone蒽醌苷 anthraquinone glycoside蒽酚 anthranol氧化蒽酚 oxanthranol蒽酮 anthrone二蒽酮 dianthrone羟基蒽醌 hydroxyanthraquinone博恩特雷格反应 Borntrager reaction 黄酮类 flavonoid黄酮苷 flavonoid glycoside黄酮 flavone黄烷 flavane黄酮醇 flavonol黄烷酮 flavanone黄烷酮醇 flavanonol异黄酮 isoflavone异黄烷酮 isoflavanone新黄酮类 neoflavonoid双黄酮 biflavone查耳酮 chalcone环菠萝烷 cycloartane达玛烷 dammarane胡萝卜烷 dancane木栓烷 friedelane原萜烷 protostane螺甾烷 spirostane羊毛甾烷 lanostane花色素 anthocyanidin花色苷 anthocyanin原花色素 proanthocyanidin 白花色素 leucoanthocyanidin 白花色素苷 leucoanthocyanin 多烯色素 polyene pigment色烷 chromane色酮 chromone橙酮 aurone皂苷 saponin皂苷元 sapogenin原皂苷元 prosapogenin甾体皂苷 steroid saponin甾体皂苷元 steroid sapogenin三萜皂苷 triterpenoid saponin三萜皂苷元 triterpenoid sapogenin溶血指数 haemolytic index泡沫试验 foam test强心苷 cardiac glycoside强心苷元 cardiac aglycone强心甾 cardenolide海葱甾 scillanolide蟾蜍甾 bufanolide植物脱皮甾醇 phytoecdysteroid一级苷 primary glycoside原始苷 primitive glycoside次级苷 secondary glycoside凯-凯反应 Keller-Kiliani reaction, K-K reaction Kedde test 凯达试验 Legal test莱加尔试验 coumarin glycoside香豆素苷 coumarin香豆素 iridoid glycoside环烯醚萜苷 iridoid环烯醚萜 secoiridoid裂环烯醚苷 secoiridoid glycoside裂环烯醚萜苷 lignan木脂体 lignanolide木脂内酯 neolignan新木脂体 lignin木素 terpene萜 terpenoid萜类 hemiterpene半萜 monoterpene单萜 sesquiterpene倍半萜 diterpene二萜 triterpene三萜 tetraterpene四萜 polyterpene多萜 oleanane齐墩果烷 volatile oil挥发油 essential oil精油 tannin鞣质 tannic acid鞣酸 hydrolysable tannin可水解鞣质 condensed tannin 缩合鞣质 phlobaphene鞣酐 ellagitannin鞣花鞣质 gallotannin没食子鞣质 alkaloid生物碱 Mayer's reagent碘化汞钾试剂 Dragendorff's reagent碘化铋钾试剂 Wagner's reagent碘化钾碘试剂 Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent 硅钨酸试剂 Sonnenschein's reagent, phospho-molybdic acid reagent磷钼酸试剂 Hager's reagent, picric acid reagentMandelin test solution苦味酸试剂 Frohde test solution矾酸铵一浓硫酸试液 Marquis test solution钼酸铵一浓硫酸试液 biuret reaction甲醛一浓硫酸试液 fat双缩脲反应 fatty oil脂肪 de-fatting脂肪油 wax去油 saturated fatty acid蜡 unsaturated fatty acid饱和脂肪酸 saponification不饱和脂肪酸 rancidity皂化 organic acid酸败 resin有机酸 oleoresin树脂 gum resin油树脂 balsam树胶树脂 balsamic acid香树脂 glycosidal resin香脂酸 bitter principle苷树脂 pigment苦味素 trace element色素 acridine alkaloid微量元素 aporphine alkaloid吖啶生物碱 benzylisoquinoline alkaloid阿朴啡类生物碱 bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid 苄基异喹啉生物碱 bisindole alkaloid双苄基异喹啉生物碱 imidazole alkaloid双吲哚生物碱 indole alkaloid咪唑生物碱 indolizidine alkaloid吲哚生物碱 indolylalkylamine alkaloid吲哚联啶生物碱 isoquinoline alkaloid吲哚烷胺生物碱 macrocyclic alkaloid异喹啉生物碱 morphinane alkaloid大环生物碱 oxindole alkaloid吗啡烷生物碱 phenanthridine alkaloid羟吲哚生物碱 phenylalkylamine alkaloid菲啶生物碱 piperidine alkaloid苯烷胺生物碱 purine alkaloid哌啶生物碱 pyridine alkaloid嘌呤生物碱 pyrrolidine alkaloid吡啶生物碱 pyrrolizidine alkaloid吡咯生物碱 quinazoline alkaloid吡咯联啶生物碱 quinoline alkaloid喹唑啉生物碱 quinolizidine alkaloid喹啉生物碱 steroid alkaloid喹啉联啶生物碱 terpenoid alkaloid甾体生物碱 tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid 萜类生物碱 tropane四氢异喹啉生物碱 tropane alkaloid莨菪烷 pyrethroid。

天然药物化学以及相关常用英文词汇分类总结提示：可以用ctrl+F键进行相关专业词汇的查询，如果您足够幸运，本文档也许能帮您解决一点小问题。

目录天然药物化学以及相关常用英文词汇分类总结 (1)常用术语以及名词（英文名汉文名） (1)有机化学常用词汇 (13)写作和论文基础词汇 (16)基础化学常用英语词汇 (19)中药化学成分及其相关词汇 (28)药物化学词汇表以及英文解释 (51)化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀 (69)中药学基础词汇总结 (75)常用术语以及名词（英文名汉文名）Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交*构象Staggered conformation 对位交*构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交*共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic ***ter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02．3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交*偶联反应1,4-addition 1，4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交*羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排有机化学常用词汇Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃写作和论文基础词汇Abstracts Abstr. 文摘Abbreviation 缩语和略语Acta 学报Advances 进展Annals Anna. 纪事Annual Annu. 年鉴，年度Semi-Annual 半年度Annual Review 年评Appendix Appx 附录Archives 文献集Association Assn 协会Author 作者Bibliography 书目，题录Biological Abstract BA 生物学文摘Bulletin 通报，公告Chemical Abstract CA 化学文摘Citation Cit 引文，题录Classification 分类，分类表College Coll. 学会，学院Compact Disc-Read Only Memory CD-ROM 只读光盘Company Co. 公司Content 目次Co-term 配合词，共同词Cross-references 相互参见Digest 辑要，文摘Directory 名录，指南Dissertations Diss. 学位论文Edition Ed. 版次Editor Ed. 编者、编辑Excerpta Medica EM 荷兰《医学文摘》Encyclopedia 百科全书The Engineering Index Ei 工程索引Et al 等等European Patent Convertion EPC 欧洲专利协定Federation 联合会Gazette 报，公报Guide 指南Handbook 手册Heading 标题词Illustration Illus. 插图Index 索引Cumulative Index 累积索引Index Medicus IM 医学索引Institute Inst. 学会、研究所International Patent Classification IPC 国际专利分类法International Standard Book Number ISBN 国际标准书号International Standard Series Number ISSN 国际标准刊号Journal J. 杂志、刊Issue 期（次）Keyword 关键词Letter Let. 通讯、读者来信List 目录、一览表Manual 手册Medical Literature Analysis and MADLARS 医学文献分析与检索系统Retrieval SystemMedical Subject Headings MeSH 医学主题词表Note 札记Papers 论文Patent Cooperation Treaty PCT 国际专利合作条约Precision Ratio 查准率Press 出版社Procceedings Proc. 会报、会议录Progress 进展Publication Publ. 出版物Recall Ratio 查全率Record 记录、记事Report 报告、报导Review 评论、综述Sciences Abstracts SA 科学文摘Section Sec. 部分、辑、分册See also 参见Selective Dissemination of Information SDI 定题服务Seminars 专家讨论会文集Series Ser. 丛书、辑Society 学会Source 来源、出处Subheadings 副主题词Stop term 禁用词Subject 主题Summary 提要Supplement Suppl. 附刊、增刊Survey 概览Symposium Symp. 专题学术讨论会Thesaurus 叙词表、词库Title 篇名、刊名、题目Topics 论题、主题Transactions 汇报、汇刊Volume Vol. 卷World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO 世界知识产权World Patent Index WPI 世界专利索引Yearbook 年鉴基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。

天然药物化学专业英语词汇中药traditional Chinese drug生药crude drug草药medicinal herb民族药ethnic drug地产药材native drug道地药材famous-region drug中成药Chinese patent medicine海洋生药学marine pharmacognosy药用植物学medicinal botany植物化学phytochemistry植物化学分类学plant chemotaxonomy生药拉丁名Latin name of crude drug学名scientific name来源source混淆品adulterant类同品allied drug伪品counterfeit drug代用品substitute掺伪adulteration天然产物natural product化学成分chemical constituent有效成分effective constituent主成分main constituent活性成分active constituent莽草酸途径shikimic acid pathway乙酸一丙二酸途径acetate-malonate pathway乙酸- 甲瓦龙酸途径acetate-mevalonate pathway单糖monosaccharide戊糖pentose己精hexose庚糖heptose辛糖octose脱氧糖deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar呋喃糖furanose吡喃糖pyranose寡糖oligosaccharide二糖disaccharide三糖trisaccharide四糖tetrasaccharide五糖pentosacc haride多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch树胶gum果胶pectin半纤维素hemicellulose纤维素cellulose甲壳质chitin肝素heparin硫酸软骨素chondroitin sulfate玻璃酸hyaluronic acid直链淀粉amylose支链淀粉amylopectin糖原glycogen费林试验Fehling test苷glycoside糖杂体heteroside苷元aglycone苦杏仁酶emulsin氰苷cyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycoside 酚苷phenolic glycoside多酚polyphenol醛苷aldehyde glycoside醇苷alcoholic glycoside吲哚苷indole glycoside树脂醇苷resinol glycoside硫苷thioglycoside呫吨酮xanthone呫吨酮苷xanthonoid glycoside蒽醌anthraquinone蒽醌苷anthraquinone glycoside蒽酚anthranol氧化蒽酚oxanthranol蒽酮anthrone二蒽酮dianthrone羟基蒽醌hydroxyanthraquinone博恩特雷格反应Borntrager reaction 黄酮类flavonoid黄酮苷flavonoid glycoside黄酮flavone黄烷flavane黄酮醇flavonol黄烷酮flavanone黄烷酮醇flavanonol异黄酮isoflavone异黄烷酮isoflavanone新黄酮类neoflavonoid裂环烯醚萜苷secoiridoid glycoside 木脂体lignan木脂内酯lignanolide新木脂体neolignan木素lignin萜terpene萜类terpenoid半萜hemiterpene单萜monoterpene倍半萜sesquiterpene二萜diterpene三萜triterpene四萜tetraterpene多萜polyterpene齐墩果烷oleanane挥发油volatile oil精油essential oil鞣质tannin鞣酸tannic acid可水解鞣质hydrolysable tannin缩合鞣质condensed tannin鞣酐phlobaphene鞣花鞣质ellagitannin没食子鞣质gallotannin双缩脲反应biuret reaction脂肪fat脂肪油fatty oil去油de-fatting蜡wax环烯醚萜苷iridoid glycoside环烯醚萜iridoid裂环烯醚苷secoiridoid皂化saponification酸败rancidity饱和脂肪酸saturated fatty acid不饱和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid有机酸organic acid树脂resin油树脂oleoresin树胶树脂gum resin香树脂balsam香脂酸balsamic acid苷树脂glycosidal resin苦味素bitter principle色素pigment微量元素trace element生物碱alkaloid吖啶生物碱acridine alkaloid阿朴啡类生物碱aporphine alkaloid苄基异喹啉生物碱benzylisoquinoline alkaloid双苄基异喹啉生物碱bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid 双吲哚生物碱bisindole alkaloid咪唑生物碱imidazole alkaloid吲哚生物碱indole alkaloid吲哚联啶生物碱indolizidine alkaloid吲哚烷胺生物碱indolylalkylamine alkaloid异喹啉生物碱isoquinoline alkaloid大环生物碱macrocyclic alkaloid吗啡烷生物碱morphinane alkaloid羟吲哚生物碱oxindole alkaloid菲啶生物碱phenanthridine alkaloid苯烷胺生物碱phenylalkylamine alkaloid哌啶生物碱piperidine alkaloid嘌呤生物碱purine alkaloid吡啶生物碱pyridine alkaloid吡咯生物碱pyrrolidine alkaloid吡咯联啶生物碱pyrrolizidine alkaloid喹唑啉生物碱quinazoline alkaloid喹啉生物碱quinoline alkaloid喹啉联啶生物碱quinolizidine alkaloid甾体生物碱steroid alkaloid萜类生物碱terpenoid alkaloid四氢异喹啉生物碱tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid碘化汞钾试剂Mayer's reagent碘化铋钾试剂Dragendorff's reagent碘化钾碘试剂Wagner's reagent硅钨酸试剂Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent磷钼酸试剂Sonnenschein's reagent, phospho-molybdic acid reagent 苦味酸试剂Hager's reagent, picric acid reagent矾酸铵-浓硫酸试液Mandelin test solution钼酸铵-浓硫酸试液Frohde test solution甲醛-浓硫酸试液Marquis test solution莨菪烷tropane莨菪烷生物碱tropane alkaloid除虫菊素类pyrethroid-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替…胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上）-yne 炔。

天然药物化学专业英语词汇1.emulsin 苦杏仁酶2.cyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycoside 氰苷3.phenolic glycoside 酚苷4.polyphenol 多酚5.aldehyde glycoside 醛苷6.alcoholic glycoside 醇苷7.indole glycoside 吲哚苷8.resinol glycoside 树脂醇苷9.thioglycoside 硫苷10.xanthone 呫吨酮11.xanthonoid glycoside 呫吨酮苷12.anthraquinone 蒽醌13.anthraquinone glycoside 蒽醌苷14.anthra nol 蒽酚15.oxanthranol 氧化蒽酚16.anthrone 蒽酮17.dianthrone 二蒽酮18.hydroxyanthraquinone 羟基蒽醌19.Borntrager reaction 博恩特雷格反应20.flavonoid 黄酮类21.flavonoid glycoside 黄酮苷22.flavone 黄酮23.flavane 黄烷24.flavon ol 黄酮醇25.flavan one 黄烷酮26.flavanonol 黄烷酮醇27.isoflavone 异黄酮28.isoflavanone 异黄烷酮29.neoflavonoid 新黄酮类30.secoiridoid glycoside 裂环烯醚萜苷31.lig nan 木脂体32.lignanolide 木脂酯33.neolignan 新木脂体34.lignin 木素35.terpen e 萜36.terpen oid萜类37.hemiterpene 半萜38.monoterpene 单萜39.sesquiterpene 倍半萜40.diterpene 二萜41.triterpene 三萜42.tetraterpene 四萜43.polyterpene 多萜44.oleanane 齐墩果烷45.volatile oil 挥发油46.essential oil 精油47.tannin 鞣质48.tannic acid 鞣酸（单宁酸）49.hydrolysable tannin 可水解鞣质50.condensed tannin 缩合鞣质51.phlobaphene 鞣酐52.ellagitannin 鞣花鞣质53.gallotannin 没食子鞣质54.biuret reaction 双缩脲反应55.traditional Chinese drug 中药56.crude drug 生药57.medicinal herb 草药58.ethnic drug 民族药59.native drug 地产药材60.famous-region drug 道地药材61.Chinese patent medicine 中成药62.marine pharmacognosy 海洋生药学63.medicinal botany 药用植物学64.phytochemistry 植物化学65.plant chemotaxonomy 植物化学分类学tin name of crude drug 生药拉丁名67.scientific name 学名68.source 来源69.adulterant 混淆品70.allied drug 类同品71.counterfeit drug 伪品72.substitute 代用品73.adulteration 掺伪74.natural product 天然产物75.chemical constituent 化学成分76.effective constituent 有效成分77.main constituent 主成分78.active constituent 活性成分79.shikimic acid pathway 莽草酸途径80.acetate-malonate pathway 乙酸-丙二酸途径81.acetate-mevalonate pathway 乙酸-甲瓦龙酸途径82.mono saccharide单糖（糖类）83.pent ose戊糖84.hexose 己糖85.heptose 庚糖86.octose 辛糖87.deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar 脱氧糖88.furanose 呋喃糖89.pyranose 吡喃糖90.oligosaccharide 寡糖91.disaccharide 二糖92.trisaccharide 三糖93.tetrasaccharide 四糖94.pentosaccharide 五糖95.polysaccharide 多糖96.starch 淀粉97.gum 树胶98.pectin果胶99.hemicellulose 半纤维素100.cellulose 纤维素101.chitin 甲壳质102.heparin 肝素103.chondroitin sulfate 硫酸软骨素104.hyaluronic acid 玻璃酸105.amylose 直链淀粉106.amylopectin 支链淀粉107.glycogen糖原108.Fehling test 费林试109.glycoside 苷110.heteroside 糖杂体111.aglycone 苷元112.fat 脂肪113.fatty oil 脂肪油114.de-fatting 去油115.wax 蜡116.iridoid glycoside 环烯醚萜苷117.iridoid 环烯醚萜118.seco iridoid 裂环烯醚苷119.saponification 皂化120.rancidity 酸败121.saturated fatty acid 饱和脂肪酸122.unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸anic acid 有机酸124.resin 树脂125.oleoresin 油树脂126.gum resin 树胶树脂127.balsam 香树脂128.balsamic acid 香脂酸129.glycosidal resin 苷树脂130.bitter principle 苦味素131.pigment 色素132.trace element 微量元素133.alkaloid 生物碱134.acridine alkaloid 吖啶生物碱135.aporphine alkaloid 阿朴啡类生物碱136.benzylisoquinoline alkaloid 苄基异喹啉生物碱137.bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid 双苄基异喹啉生物碱138.bisindole alkaloid 双吲哚生物碱139.imidazole alkaloid 咪唑生物碱140.indole alkaloid 吲哚生物碱141.indolizidine alkaloid 吲哚联啶生物碱142.indolylalkylamine alkaloid 吲哚烷胺生物碱143.isoquinoline alkaloid 异喹啉生物碱144.macrocyclic alkaloid 大环生物碱145.morphinane alkaloid 吗啡烷生物碱146.oxindole alkaloid 羟吲哚生物碱147.phenanthridine alkaloid 菲啶生物碱148.phenylalkylamine alkaloid 苯烷胺生物碱149.piperidine alkaloid 哌啶生物碱150.purine alkaloid 嘌呤生物碱151.pyridine alkaloid 吡啶生物碱152.pyrrolidine alkaloid 吡咯生物碱153.pyrrolizidine alkaloid 吡咯联啶生物碱154.quinazoline alkaloid 喹唑啉生物碱155.quinoline alkaloid 喹啉生物碱156.quinolizidine alkaloid 喹啉联啶生物碱157.steroid alkaloid 甾体生物碱158.terpenoid alkaloid 萜类生物碱159.tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid 四氢异喹啉生物碱160.Mayer's reagent 碘化汞钾试剂161.Dragendorff's reagent 碘化铋钾试剂162.Wagner's reagent 碘化钾碘试剂163.Bertrand's reagent, silicotungstic acid reagent 硅钨酸试剂164.Sonnenschein's reagent, phosphomolybdic acid reagent磷钼酸试剂165.Hager's reagent, picric acid reagent 苦味酸试剂166.Mandelin test solution 矾酸铵-浓硫酸试液167.Frohde test solution 钼酸铵-浓硫酸试液168.Marquis test solution 甲醛-浓硫酸试液169.tropane 莨菪烷170.tropane alkaloid 莨菪(liang dang 二声)烷生物碱171.pyrethroid 除虫菊素类172.sterides 甾体。

化学英语证书考试（PEC）-化工应用术语absorptionUptake of a gas into the bulk of a liquid. Gas absorption takes place for example in the liquid of a scrubber tower where an up-streaming gas is washed by a down-going flow of a scrubber solution. adsorptionAttachment of a molecule or atom to a solid surface. Adsorption involves a chemical bond between the adsorbed species and the surface.anisotropyVariation of a transport property in different directions in a material. Is often obtained from homogenization of regular structures, for example, monolithic structures in tubular reactors. Arrhenius rate equationExpression that relates the rate constant of a chemical reaction to the exponential of the temperature.batch reactorReactor characterized by its operation, which means that the reactor does reaches steady state. bipolar plateElectrically conducting plate connected to the anode on one side and to the cathode on the other side in an electrochemical cell.Brinkman equationsExtension of Darcy’s law in order to include the transport of momentum through shear in porous media flow.Butler-Volmer equationExpression that relates the reaction rate of an electron transfer reaction on an electrode surface to the exponential of the overpotential. The equation can be derived from the Arrhenius rate equation by accounting for the contribution of the electric potential to the activation energy.boundary layerRegion in a fluid close to a solid surface. This region is characterized by large gradients in velocity and is often treated with approximative methods, because it is difficult to geometrically resolve the large gradients found there.chemisorptionSee adsorption.continuous reactorReactor that operates without interruption. This type of reactor is characterized by its steady-state operation.diffusion layerFictitious layer in a fluid close to a solid surface where a chemical reaction takes place. The flux of species perpendicular to the surface in this layer is dominated by diffusion.Darcy’s lawEquation that gives the velocity vector as proportional to the pressure gradient. Often used to describe flow in porous media.electroneutrality conditionCondition that states that the sum of charges in a control volume in an electrolyte should be zero. electrophoresisMigration of charged electrolyte ions in an electric field.electroosmosisOnset of a flow due to the application of an external electric field or due to the formation of an electric field created by ion transport in membranes, for example.Euler flowFlow at high velocities, where incompressibility of the fluid is of importance whereas the influence of viscous momentum transport is negligible.Fick’s lawThe first law relates the concentration gradients to the diffusive flux of a solute infinitely diluted in a solvent. The second law introduces the first law into a differential material balance for the solute.fully developed laminar flowLaminar flow along a channel or pipe that only has velocity components in the main direction of the flow. The velocity profile perpendicular to the flow does not change downstream in the flow. Hagen-Poiseuille equationSee Poiseuille’s law.heterogeneous reactionReaction that takes place at the interface between two phases.homogeneous reactionReaction that takes place in the bulk of a solution.law of the wallSee wall function.Maxwell-Stefan equationsSet of equations that describe the diffusion of solutes and solvent in a concentrated solution. In such a solution, the solutes interact with each other and with the solvent.monolithic reactorCatalytic reactor made of one single piece of solid material. Incorporates a catalytic structure in its often porous structure.Navier-Stokes equationsEquations for the momentum balances coupled to the equation of continuity for a Newtonian incompressible fluid.Nernst-Planck equationEquation that describes the flux of an ion through diffusion, convection, and migration in an electric field. The equation is valid for diluted electrolytes.Newtonian flowFlow characterized by a constant viscosity or a viscosity that is independent of the shear rate in the fluid.physisorptionSee adsorption.Poiseuille’s lawEquation that relates the mass rate of flow in a tube as proportional to the pressure difference perunit length and to the fourth power of the tube radius. The law is valid for fully developed laminar flow.RANSReynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, which implies time averaging of the velocity fluctuations in turbulent flow. The Reynolds’ stresses obtained by this averaging have to be expressed with an additional set of equations. Turbulence models like the k-ε and k-ωmodels belong to this class. specific surface areaInternal surface area of a porous structure given in area per unit volume, which yields the unit one over unit length. Often used to characterize the structure of porous catalysts.streamline-diffusion stabilizationA numerical technique for stabilization of the numeric solution to a convection-dominated PDE by artificially adding diffusion in the direction of the streamlines.switch functionConditional function that gives a smooth onset of a variable, for example from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0. Often used for phase changes or saturation.wall functionSemi-empirical expression for the anisotropic flow close to a solid surface used in turbulence models. Often based on negligible variations in pressure gradient in the direction tangential to the surface.。

天然药化专业英语词汇(一)
天然药化专业英语词汇
天然药化是研究天然药物的化学成分及其化学性质，探索其生物活性
以及制备天然药物和药物前体的科学。

以下是天然药化专业英语词汇：
1. Natural products：天然产物，指来源于自然界的生物分子，包括
植物、动物和微生物等。

2. Phytochemistry：植物化学，指对植物中的生物活性成分进行分离、鉴定、结构解析和制备药物的研究。

3. Bioactivity：生物活性，指物质对生物体产生的影响，如生长、
繁殖和代谢等。

4. Secondary metabolites：次生代谢产物，指植物、菌物和动物等
分泌出的次生代谢产物，如生物碱、黄酮类、苷类和酚酸类等。

5. Isolation：分离，指从混合物中分离出单一物质或混合物。

6. Purification：纯化，指将混合物中的目标物分离出来，并去除不
需要的杂质。

7. Structural elucidation：结构解析，指通过实验手段确定化合物
的分子结构。

8. Chemical modification：化学修饰，指化合物分子中的化学反应，如酯化、还原、氧化和脱水等。

9. Biosynthesis：生物合成，指生物体内的化学反应活动，如植物合成天然产物。

10. Pharmacology：药理学，指药物对生物体产生的药理效应，包括药效、毒理和药代动力学等。

以上词汇是天然药化专业不可或缺的基础词汇，掌握这些词汇能让我们更好地理解和研究天然药化科学的内容。

同时，建议在学习这些词汇时，结合实际案例和文献进行学习，加强对这些词汇的理解和应用能力。

Applied Chemistry （1000 specialized English Words ）Aaberration n. 误差ablation n. 零落，融化abscissa n. 横坐标*absorbance n. 汲取率absorption n. 汲取absorption coefficient n.汲取系数*abstract vt. 提取accommodation n.容纳性*accuracy n.精度*acetamide n. 乙酰胺acetic acid n.醋酸acetophanone n. 乙酰苯，苯乙酮*acetylene n.乙炔acetyl-salicylic acid n. 乙酰水杨酸achiral a. 非手性的actinium n.锕actinide n. 锕系元素*activation n.活化*addition n. 加成反响adiabat n. 绝热线adipic acid n. 己二酸aerobe n. 需氧微生物*affinity n. 亲和力alchemy n. 炼金术*alcohol n. 醇*aldehyde n. 醛 , 乙醛algebra n. 代数学*aliphatic a. 脂肪族*alkali n. 碱*alkane n. 烷烃alkene n. 稀烃* alkoxy n. 烷氧基alkyl n. 烷基alkylation n. 烷基化反响alkylbenzene 烷基苯alkyne 炔烃allowance n. 同意（量），同意（量）alphabetical a. 以字母次序的 *aluminum n. 铝aluminosilicate n. 铝硅酸盐amalgam n. 汞齐ambient a. 四周的americium n. 镅amide n. 酰胺，氨基化合物aminoethane n. 乙胺*ammonia n. 氨水*ammonium n. 胺amphiphile n. 两亲物，亲水脂分子amplitude n.广大，充分，振幅 amylase n. 淀粉酶anaerobe n. 厌氧微生物analogue n. 近似物angstrom n. 埃anharmonicity n. 非协性anhydride n. 酐*aniline n. 苯胺*anion n. 阴离子anti- 对位交错，反式antiknock n; a. 防爆（的），抗爆（的）antimony n. 锑antiperspirant n. 抗汗剂apatite n. 磷石灰*apparatus n. 设施appreciable a. 显然的，可觉察的aqueous a. 水的aquchlorochromiumn. 水合氯化铬*aromatic a. 芬芳烃的argon n. 氩arrangement n.摆列方式arsenic n. 砷, a. 含砷的*aryl n. 芳基assimilate vt. 汲取 , vi. 被汲取，同化assumption n. 假定，推测astatine n. 砹asymmetric a. 非对称的，不均匀的，不平均的atomism n. 原子学说axially ad. 轴对称地*azeotrope n.共沸物Bbacteriological a.细菌学的barium n. 钡batch n. 一批，大批batchwise a.成批的*benzene n.苯benzoyl n.苯甲酰berkelium n. 锫bicarbonate n.重碳酸盐bilayer n. 双分子层binary a. 二元的biodiversity n.生物合成法bioenergy n.生物能biogas n.生物气体biomass n.生物量biosphere n.生计范围，生物圈biosythetic a.生物合成的biphenyl n.联苯bismuth n. 铋bleach vt. 漂白， vi. 变白blemish vt. 有损的完满，玷辱 n.污点，瑕疵bride n. 硼化物*bond v; n. 键（合）bonding n. 键合*boron n.硼botanist n.植物学家bounce n.; v. 反射，发射brine n.盐水bronze n.青铜，青铜色，青铜制品bromine n. 溴brewage n.（酒）酿造，饮料调制butadiene n. 丁二烯butane n.丁烷butene n.丁烯byproduct n.副产物Ccadmium n.镉caesium .n. 铯calandria n. 加热体，加热器calcium n.钙calibrate vt 校准，使标准化caloric n.热（量），热质 a.热（量）的，卡的*capillary n. 毛细管*carbanion n. 碳阴离子carbon tetrachloride n. 四氯化碳*carbonate n.碳酸盐vt. 使变为碳酸盐，使充满二氧化碳*carbonium n. 碳正离子carbonyl n.碳酰基，羰基carboxylate n.羰化物*carboxylic a.羧酸的catabolism n.分解代谢，降解代谢category n.种类*catalysis n.催化（作用）catalyst n. 催化剂，刺激（或促使）因素catalyze vt.催化catalytic reforming 催化重整*cation n.阳离子caustic a.碱性的caustic potash 苛性钾（ KOH ）caustic soda 苛性钠 (NaOH)*ceramic a.陶瓷的，陶器的，n.陶瓷制品cerium n. 铈cesium n.铯centripetal a. 向心力的chain-initiating 链增添* chelate n.螯合物*chiral a.手性的*chloride n.氯化物*chlorine n.氯chloroacetophenone n.氯苯乙酮chloroform n.氯仿cholesterol n.胆固醇chlorofluoro carbon n. 氯氟烃*chromatography n.色谱法chromium n.铬chromophore n.发色团chronic a. 长久的，慢性的，惯常的，常常的circulating pump 来去泵citric acid n. 柠檬酸clarification n.澄清，净化cleave v.劈开，分裂clinch n.解决，确立 v.证明是对的cobalt n.钴coexistence n.共存，共处*coefficient n. 系数collision n. 碰撞，矛盾combust v.焚烧compensate vt.赔偿，赔偿complementary a.增补的*complex n. 络合物component n. 组分*concentration n. 浓度conceptualize vt.使观点化*condensation n.冷凝configuration n.轮廓，构成*conformation n. 构象congruent a.和睦的，一致的，全等的consistency n.稠度，一向，牢固*constituent a.形成的，构成的， n.成分，要素contaminant n.沾染物contemplate v.凝视，深思contemporary a.今世的，同龄的，同时代的contour n.轮廓，外形 vt. 画轮廓controversy n.争辩，争辩conversely ad. 相反地converter n. 转变器*coordinate n.配位，配价，坐标coplanarity n.共面*copper n. 铜coprecipitate vt. 共积淀coprous a. 亚铜的*corrosion n.腐化*cosmetic n.化妆品， a.化妆用的counter ion n.反离子coupling n.联络，联合，偶和*covalent a.共有原子价的，共价的*criteria n.标准cross-reference n. 前后参照，交错引用crucial a. 至关重要的cryogenic a.低温学的，低温实验法的*crystallinity n.结晶性的，水晶的*cube n.立方体，立方形，立方，三次幂curium n. 锯curvature n. 曲率customary a.习惯的，老例的cuticle n. 表皮，透明薄膜*cyanide n.氰化物cyano n.氰，氰基cylinder n.圆柱体*cycloalkane n. 环烷烃dative bond 配（价）键*deactivate vt.使不活动decentralize v.使分别，区分decipher v.解开（疑团），破译（密码）decouple n.v.分开，去巧合装置deduce vt.推论，推测deficiency n.缺少，缺点*deflect v.倾斜，使倾向*degradation n.降低*delocalization n.离位demolish vt. 拆掉，破坏denote v.指示，表示，意味着depletion n.减少，耗费deposit vt.（使）积淀，布置*derivative a.派生的*desolvation n. 去溶剂化作用*desorption n.解吸作用destructive a.破坏（的），危害的*detector n. 检测器*detectable a.能觉察的，detergent a.使洁净的*deuterium n. 重氢diagnose v.诊疗（疾病），剖析diatomic a. 二原子的，二价的，dicarboxylic a.二元羧酸的*dichroism n.二色性，分光特征，两色现象didactic a.教诲的，说教的*diene n.二烯（烃）*diesel n. 柴油机，内燃机*displacement n. 换置，移位，挪动，代替*diffraction vt.衍射*diffuse a.散开的，弥散的， v.扩散，散布digestibility n.可消化性，消化率dilemma n.困境，骑虎难下*dilute n.a.冲淡（的），稀释*diol n.二醇，二酚*dipole n.双极，偶极discipline n.学科*discriminate v.差异，鉴别，有差异地对待disinfection n.消毒*dioxide n.二氧化物disrupt vt. （使）破碎，使中止*dissociate vt.使分别，将分开*dissociation energy 离解能distaste n.厌烦，嫌恶*distill vt. 用蒸馏法提取，蒸馏distillate n.馏出物，馏出液distortion n.歪曲，变形，失真*distribution coefficient 分派系数disubstitute a.二代替的disulfate n.硫酸氢盐，焦硫酸盐divergence n. 分歧dodecahedron n.十二面体downfield n.低磁场*driving force 推动力droplet n. 小滴dynamite n. 炸药dysprosium n. 镝E.*ecological a. 生态学的ecosystem n. 生态系统*effluence n 射出物，流出物effluent a 流出的einsteinium n. 锿*electrode n.电极*electric potential moment 电子偶极矩*electric potential 电势 *electrolyse vt. 电解*electromagnetic a. 电磁的，由电磁石产生的*electron acceptor 电子接受体*electron donor 电子赐予体electron-capture detector 电子捕捉检测器*electronegativity n.电负性*electropositive a.电正性的electronelectrode n. 阴电极electron-withdrawinga. 推电子的*electrophilic a. 亲电的*electroplate vt. 电镀n. 电镀物件，电铸版*electrospray n. 电子发射elevation n. 高升 *elimination n. 除掉，剔除，裁减ellipticity n. 椭圆率elucidation n. 说明，解说*eluent n. 洗脱液elusive a. 难捉摸的，奇妙地躲避的emanate vi. （气体）发出，（光等）发散，放射embed v. 嵌于emission n. 发散，发射，发射物emitter n. 发射器*enantiomer n. 对映体*endogenous a. 内存的*endothermic a. 吸热的enhance vt. 提高，增添*enrich vt. 使浓缩，加浓，富集*enthalpy n. 焓，热函entropy n. 熵enzymatic a. 酶的epidemics a. 流行的， n.病equation n. 等式，方程式，相等，均衡equilibrate vt. （使）均衡，（使）均衡equimolar a. 当量克分子的，克分子数相等的ester n.酯esterification n. 酯化ethane n. 乙烷1,2-ethanediol n. 1,2-乙二醇ethanolamine n. 乙醇胺*ethanoyl n. 乙酰基ethoxyethane n. 乙氧基乙烷，乙醚ethyl 乙基*ethylamine 乙胺ethylene 乙稀ethylenediamine 乙二胺ethyne 乙炔evacuate v. 消除，搬空exactitude n. 精准，正确，精细*exclusively ad. 排外处，专有地excreting n. 排泄，分泌exergonic a. 释出能量的exponent n. 幂，指数expound vt. 论述，说明exquisite a. 精巧的，敏捷的*extraction n. 萃取，提取，纲要*extrapolate n. 推测，外推extravagance n. 浪费，铺张Ffacet n. 小平面*facilitate v. 使简单，使便利，推动far-fetched 牵强的，牵强的*feasibility n. 可行性featureless a. 无特点的，平庸的*ferment n. 酶，酵酶，*ferric a. 铁的ferrous a. 亚铁的fictitious a. 虚假的，捏造的flammabilit n. . 可燃性flash distillation 闪蒸flexibility n. 柔韧性，弹性，折射性，灵巧性flip v. 轻击，掷，弹，抽打，快速翻动*flocculate n. 絮凝物‘*fluorescence n. 萤光，发荧光，荧光性fluorine n. 氟*fluorocarbon n. 氟碳化合物fluoromethane n. 氟代甲烷fluorspar n. 萤石，氟石flux n. 不停变化的，变迁，流，涨潮，流量focus on 聚焦于，集中（注意力）于forepump n. 前置泵，预抽泵 *formaldeehyde n. 甲醛*formic a. 蚁的，蚁酸的 *formulan. 公式，程式，处方fossil n. 化石，往事物；成化石的，陈腐的foul a. 恶臭的，险恶的；弄脏；犯规fraction n. 小部分，片段，馏分，级分*fractionating column 分馏柱*fragmentation n. 分裂，崩溃，爆破francium n. 钫froth n. 泡沫，起泡，v. 使（啤酒）起泡fructose n.果糖，左旋糖frustrate v.击败，阻截fullerence n. C60furniture n.家具，设施，装置fuzzy a. 模糊的，失真的Ggalactose n. 半乳糖gallium n. 镓*gasifier n. 汽化器，煤气发生器*gene n. 基因，遗传因子germanium n. 锗glucose n.葡萄糖glycerine n 甘油glucerol n. 丙三醇，甘油gold n. 金*graphite n. 石墨grease n.动物脂grid n.格栅，栅极gauche a.偏转H.*halide n. 卤化物*halogen n. 卤素*halogenation n. 卤化，卤代hamper vt. 防碍haphazard a. 有时的，随意的*helium n. 氦heptane n. 庚烷heredity n. 遗传herein ad. 在此处，这样*heterocyclic a. 杂环的，不一样环式的*heterogeneous a.不一样的，异类的hexaaqua a. 六合水的hexadiene n.已二烯hexane n.已烷hexafluoride a. 六氟化合物*hexagonal n. 六角型的*homogeneity n. 同种，同质homogenize vt.使平均，变平均*homologue n. 同系物horizontal a. 水平的*hydrate n. 水合物，含水物 vt.水合作用*hydration n. 水合*hydride n. 氢化物*hydrigen n.氢*hydrocarbon n.烃类hydrogen halide n. 氢卤化物*hydrolyse vt.水解hydronium ion n.水合离子*hydrophilic a.亲水的*hydrophobic a. 憎水的*hydrothermal a.水热的*hydroxide n.氢氧化物hydroxyl n.氢氧根，羟基*hydroxylation n.羟基化hypochlorite n.次氯酸盐hypothetcal a.假说的，臆说的I.identical a.同一的 n.同样，相等*ill-defineda.不清楚的，不切实定义的immaterial a.非物质的，无形的，不重要的immaterialism n.非物质论immaterize vt. 使无实体，使无形immerse vt.沉醉，使浸入immiscible a.不混溶性impetus n.推动力，动力，推动impurity n.杂质，混淆物，不纯inactivate vt.钝化，使减少活性inactive a.不活动的，停止的incentive n.诱因，刺激 a.刺激的incident a.入射的，陪伴而来的incipient a.开始的，开初的insertion n.插入，插入物inclement a.恶险的，严酷的incontrovertible a.无争辩余地的，无疑的，理解的incorporate v.联合，归并indices n.index 的复数，指数，刻度，索引indivisible a.不行切割的，不行分裂的induced enzyme 引诱酶indigestion n.消化不良inelastic a.无弹性的，无弹力的，无适应性的inert a.惰性的，不开朗的infectious disease 传得病infinitely ad.无穷地，无数地infix n.插入词，中缀vt.使插入infrared a.红外线的，红外区的n.红外线inherently ad.天生的，实质的inhibitor n.严禁剂，克制剂，克制因素inhomogeneity n.不一样族，不一样质initiating n.开始，开创，入门inlet n.入口vt. 引进inoculate vt.给做注射，给接种inorganic a.无机的，无生物的inroad n.伤害insoluble a.不溶的intact a.还没有被人碰过的，纹丝没动的integer n.整数，完好的东西interface n.界面，分界面，接触面intermedium n.中间体intermittent a.断续的，间歇的interrelate vt.使相互关系intimacy n.亲密，熟习intriguing a.吸引人的，风趣的intrinsic a.实质的，固有的，内在的，体内的intuitive a.直观的，直觉的invariably ad.不变的，有始有终的iodic a.含碘的iodide n.碘化物iodine n.碘ion n.离子ion-association complex 离子缔合 ion-exchange chromatography 离子互换色谱 ionic a.离子的ionisation n.电离作用ionization n.离子化irradiate vt.使光亮，照射irreversible a.不行逆isocratic a.无梯度的，等度的isomer n.同分异构体isomeric a.同分异构的，同质异能的isopropane n.异丙烷 isopropanol n.异丙醇 isopentylamine n.异戊胺isothermally ad.等温的isotope n.同位素isotopically labeled同位素标志的Jjargon n.行话，专业术语joule n.焦耳Kkerosene n.煤油ketone n.酮kinetics n.动力学krypton n.氪Llabile a.不平定的 ,不稳固的lactic acid n.乳酸lanolin n. 羊毛脂lanthanide n.镧系金属lanthanum n.镧lattice n.格子，点阵，网格，晶格lattice energy 点阵能legislation n.立法，立案ligand n.配位liquefaction n.液化lubricant n.润滑剂，润滑的lustrous a.有光彩的lye n.碱液vt.用碱液清洗Mmacromolecular n.大分子magnitude n.大小，数目，巨大，广大magnesium n.镁makeup n.构成，结构，化妆品malonic n.丙二酸maltose n.麦芽糖mamganese n.锰manifestation n.显示，表现manipulation n.改造，操控masking agent 遮蔽剂mass spectrometry 质谱mass-to-charge 质荷比matrix n.矩阵membrane n.薄膜，细胞膜membranousa.薄（状）的，形成膜的mercury n.水银，汞mesh n.筛眼，每平方米英寸的网孔（筛眼）数mesophase n.中间相meta－间位－metabolic a.变化的，变形的，新陈代谢metabolism n.代谢作用，新陈代谢metabolite n.代谢物 metallurgy n.冶金学metastable a.亚稳的methanol n.甲醇microporous a.多孔的microsecond n.微秒mightily ad.激烈的，特别的milligram n.毫克mingle v.使混淆，混淆起来 minimize v.使减少到最小，降到最低 miscibility n.混溶性 modulation n.调整molal a.摩尔的molasses n.糖蜜，糖浆molecular a.分子的，摩尔的molten a.熔融的，融化的molybdenum n. 鉬momentum n.运动量，因素，冲力，权衡monatomic a.单原子的monochromatic a.单色的，单色光的，全色盲的monochrome n.单色器，单色仪monoxide n.一氧化物mucleosid n.核苷mucletide n.核苷酸multidecker n.多层（板）multifarious a.多种的，各式各种的multitude n.众多，大批，大群，大众multivalued a.多值的mutagen n.诱变mutate v.变化，产生变化mutually ad.相互地，nanoampere n.10-9安培nanometer n.纳米， nmnaphthene n.脂环烃nebulization n.喷雾（作用）nematic a.向列相（的），丝状的neon n.氖neopentane n.新戊烷neutralization n.中和neutron n.中子nitrate n.硝酸盐nitric oxide n.氮氧化物nitrite n.亚硝酸盐nitroglycerine n.硝化甘油noble gas n.罕有气体nonvolatile a.非挥发性的nucleate v.成核 a.有核的nucleophile a.亲核的numerical a.数字的，用数字表示的，数值的nutrient a.营养的，滋润的nylon n. 尼龙Ooctadecyl n.十八（烷）基octahedral a.八面体的octene n.辛烯octet n.八重态，八重峰octyl n.辛基off-the-shelf a.非定制的olefin n.链烯ongoing n.程序，处理，行进opaque a.不透明的，不透光的optically ad.眼睛地，视力地optimization n.最优化，最正确化orbital a.轨道的orientation n.定位，方向orifice n.小张口，小孔originate v.发源，发生，开创ortho- 邻，正，原，直oscillation n.振动，摇动，改动overlap v.重叠，与交叠overtone n.倍频oxalic a.草酸的oxidation n.氧化作用oxidation number n.氧化数oxide n.氧化物oxoacid n.酮酸oxoanion n.含氧阴离子oxyanion n.氧离子ozone n.臭氧，新鲜空气Ppara- 对位paradox n.反论paraffin n.白腊烃parameter n.参（变）数，参（变）量，因素，特点penetration n.穿入，浸透，洞察力pentachloide n.五氯化物pentane n.戊烷pentoxide n.五氧化物perchlorate n.高氯酸盐perforate v.穿孔，浸透，有孔的，穿孔的periodic a.周期的，按期的高氯酸盐permeable a.可浸透的peroxidation n.过氧化反响peroxide n.过氧化物peroxo- [词头 ]过氧化pertain n.隶属 ,对于，相当pesticide n.杀虫剂pharmaceutical a.药学的pharmacy n.药房，药学，配药，制药phenol n.酚phenyl n.苯基phosphorus n.磷，磷光体，发光物质photon n.光子potosynthesis n.光合作用planar a.平面的，平展的，二维的platinum n.铂pneumatic a.风动的，空气的 polara.极性的，两个相反方向的pollutant n.污染物，污染源polycrystalline a.多晶的 polyene a.多烯的potassium n.钾pilyfuctional a.多功能的polygon n.平面多边形polyhalogen n.多卤素polyhedra [polyhedron 的复数 ]形式 n.多面体polymer n.聚合物polymer nylon尼龙polymeric a.聚合的polymerization n.聚合作用polyvinyl a.乙烯聚合物的pore n.气孔，毛孔，细孔postulate n.假定，基本条件 v.假定potassium n.钾potassium dichromate重铬酸钾potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾potent a.强有力的 p-phenylenediamine n.亚苯基precipitator n.积淀器，除尘器precipitate n.积淀predominantly ad.占优势的preferential a.优先的premature a.早熟的，不行熟的prerequisite n.先决条件preservative a.有保护力的，防腐的n.防腐剂，防腐料primary a.最先的，伯－probabilistic a.概率统计的，椭圆的probe n.探针，探测品v.探查，穿刺prominent a.崛起的，有名的，突出的promote vt.促使，弘扬，提高，倡始propanal n.丙醛propanol n. 丙醇propene n.丙稀proportional a.比率的，相当的propyne n.丙炔proton n.质子protonation n.质子化，质子化作用provision v.供以物质 n.准备，供给pseudothermodynamic a.假（热）力学purge n.v.消除，吹洗，净化 pyridine n.吡啶quadrupole n.a.四极（的）qualitative a.定性的quality parameter质量参数quantitative a.数目的，定量的quantum n.量子quintessence n.典型Rradius n.半径racemic a.消旋地radialization n.辐射，放射radial a.径向的，半径的，光芒的，射线的radioactive a.放射性的，有辐射的random a.随机的，任意的，随机，任意reactant n.反响物reactor n.反响器reagent n.反响试剂rearrange vt.vi 从头安排reboiler n. 再沸器recipe n. 配方，食谱，方法rectification n. 精馏，纠正refabrication n. 重组，从头安排reflux n. 回流，逆流，退潮resolution n. 分辨率 resonance n.共振 response n.响应respiration n. 呼吸作用，生物的氧化作用retention n. 保存，保持，保持力retort n. 曲颈瓶，蒸馏器（蒸馏器中加热）提纯reversibility n. 可反转性，可逆性rigorous a. 严苛的，严格的 rotationn. 转动roundabout a. 迂回的，不直接的的rubble n. 碎石rubidium n. 铷rudimentary a. 根本的，早期的，发育不健全的Ssaline a. 盐的，盐湖schematically ad. 图解地，简要地sebum n. 皮脂，脂肪segregate vt. 分凝，分异selectivity n. 选择性selenium n. 硒semipermeable a. 半透性的sensitivity n. 敏感性，敏捷性separation coefficient 分别系数sequester v. 隔断sewage n. 污水，污物，污水办理sieve-plate column 筛板柱silanol n. 硅醇，硅烷醇silica n. 氧化硅，硅土silicon n. 硅silver n.银spoilage n. 食品等）腐败，破坏，破坏的东西spontaneity n. 自然，自觉，自觉性spontaneously ad. 自觉地spray n. 喷雾，飞沫， v. 喷，发射sprinkle v. 洒，喷淋stationary a. 不动的，静止的，固定的，逗留的stepwise a. 逐渐的steric a. 空间的，位的sterilization n. 灭菌，削菌still n. 蒸馏室，蒸馏器，蒸馏stoichiometric a. 化学计量的strontium n.锶substantial a. 物质的，牢固的，大批的substituent n. 代替，代替，互换substitution n. 代理，互换，代替subtract v. 减去，减掉，扣除succcinc n. 琥珀，丁二酸的，琥珀酸的sucrose 蔗糖 +suffice v. 足够，是知足，知足需要suffix n. 后缀sulfate n. 硫酸盐用硫酸办理sulfite n. 亚硫酸盐sulfur n. 硫磺， v. 用硫磺办理sulfuric a. 硫磺的，含多量硫磺的sulphinate vt.磺化n. 磺酸盐summarization n. 归纳，概括，综述superconductibity n. 超导性supersaturation n. 过饱和（现象）supersaturation zone过饱和区surfactant n. 表面活性剂sustainable a.足可支撑的，可忍耐的swirl vt. 旋动，使打旋，旋涡symmetrically ad. 对称性地，对称地，均衡地synchronize vi. 同步发生，同步vt. 使时间上发生一致，使同步synchrotron n. 同步加快器synthesize v. 合成syringe n. 注射器，清洗器， vt. 注射，清洗Ttable salt（餐桌上的）食盐tantalum n.钽taxology n. 分类学template n. （切金属、石、木等用的）样板，模板tensile a. 张力的，抗张的，拉力的terminology n. 术语theorem n. 定理，原则thermal a. 热量的温度的，热的thermal conductivity 热导性thermochemistry n. 热化学thermodynamics n. 热力学thionyl n. 亚硫酰thiophenol n. 硫酚three-dimensional structure 三维结构titrant n. 滴定管titration n. 滴定方法toluidine n. 甲苯胺transmutation n. 变化，变形，变质transverse a. 横向的，横切的treatise n. 论文，论述trial-and-error频频试验法tricarboxylic a. 三羧酸的trichloroethylene n. 三氯乙烯triene n. 三烯turbid a. 污浊的，不清的typify vt. 代表，象征，为典型Uultraviolet a.紫外的unambiguous a. 不含糊的，明确的unconjugate a. 未共轭的underlie vt. 位于之下unimolecular a. 单分子的univalent a. 一价的upfield n. 高磁场uranyl n. 铀基，铀酸基，铀氧基urea n.尿素Vvalence n.（化合）价，原子价valve n. 阀，真空管，电子管vanadium n. 钒vaporize vt. （使）蒸发，（使）汽化vent v. 宣泄（情绪），开孔n. 孔，口ventilation n. 通风，公然议论，通风设施versatile a. 通用的，多才多艺的，朝三暮四的vertices n. 极点，头顶，顶vibration n. 振动，摇动，抖动vibronic a. 电子振动的vicinity n. 周边，靠近，周边，周边地域vinyl n. 乙烯基vinyl chloride n. 氯乙烯viscosity n. 粘度viscosity index n. 黏度系数vitalism n. 活力论，活力说volatile a. 朝三暮四的，挥发性的volatility n. 挥发度Wwater fitting n. 水管wavelength n. 波长wavelet n. 子波wavenumber n. 波数well-defined a. 定义明确的，清楚的Xxenon n.氙Yyeast n. 酵母，酵母片vi. 发酵，起泡沫yttrium n. 钇Zzeolite n. 沸石zinc n.鋅zirconia n. 氧化锆zirconium n. 锆volumetric a. 测容量的，的容量。

2023年天然药化专业英语词汇天然药化专业是一个涵盖天然药物合成、分离纯化、化学鉴定和药物制剂等方面的学科，是药学中的一个重要分支。

在这个领域中，英语作为国际通用语言，具有极其重要的地位。

随着全球草药市场不断扩大和天然药物分离纯化技术的不断进步，天然药化专业的发展势头正在逐渐上升。

这也为从事天然药化专业的人员提供了更多的机会和挑战。

因此，专业的英语词汇是天然药化专业学生必须掌握的基础知识之一。

下面就让我们一起来看看2023年天然药化专业的英语词汇有哪些。

1. Extraction在天然药物的制备和分离过程中，提取是其中最关键的一步。

因此，诸如ethanol、water、methanol等溶剂的英语表达、常用提取方法的相关词汇等也是必备的掌握内容之一。

同时，对一些较为复杂的提取技术，学生还需要了解英文发表的实验方法和结果。

例如：SPE（Solid Phase Extraction）和SFC（Supercritical Fluid Chromatography）等等。

2. Purification在提取的基础上，进一步对纯化的要求也不断提高。

如何有效地去除杂质，并纯化目标物质，是自动化液相色谱仪、高效液相色谱仪、速放片机等设备的核心问题。

对于与天然药物的提取和纯化有关的语言词汇的准确表达，也需要天然药化专业的学生们进行深入了解。

3. Structural Elucidation对于提取和纯化的目标物质的化学结构研究，涵盖了多种液相和固相技术。

学生要掌握如单晶X-射线衍射、核磁共振谱（NMR）、质谱分析（MS）和红外光谱（IR）等技术在素材研究方面的常用术语、方法和实施过程，如经典的氢谱、荷谱、碳谱、离子峰等。

4. Formulation制剂包括：片剂、胶囊、稀释液、注射等。

在制剂方面，天然药物要表示其生物有效成分的稳定性、有针对性、生物可吸收性和剂型的稳定性等。

涉及到的制剂技术不仅包括微型化技术、体外释放技术、肠道吸收技术、天然药物与现代生物医药相互的课程领域等等。

化学英语证书考试（PEC）-常用化学反应词汇化合：chemical combination置换：metathesis分解decompose复分解double decomposition包括include中和neutralization反应reactChapter 1acid 酸apparatus 仪器，装置aqueous solution 水溶液arrangement of electrons 电子排列assumption 假设atom 原子（化学变化中的最小粒子）atomic mass 原子量atomic number 原子序数atomic radius 原子半径atomic structure 原子结构be composed of 由……组成bombardment 撞击boundary 界限cathode rays 阴极射线cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器ceramic 陶器制品charge-clouds 电子云charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比（质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示）chemical behaviour 化学行为chemical property 化学性质（物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质）clockwise 顺时针方向的compound 化合物（由不同元素组成的纯净物）configuration 构型copper 铜correspond to 相似corrosive 腐蚀d-block elements d 区元素deflect 使偏向，使转向derive from 源于deuterium 氘diffuse mixture 扩散混合物distance effect 距离效应distil 蒸馏distinguish 区别distribution 分布doubly charged(2+) ion 正二价离子dye 染料effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响electrical charge 电荷electrical field 电场electrically neutral atom 电中性原子electricity 电electrolysis 电解electron 电子（负电荷粒子，电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位）electron shielding 电子屏蔽element 元素（具有相同核电荷数即荷内质子数的一类原子的总称）emission spectrum 发射光谱（根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱）energy level 能态，能级（稳态能量，有相同主量数的电子壳层）fertiliser 肥料first ionisation energy 一级电离能fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluoride 氟化物fuel 燃料fundamental substance 基础物质fuzzy 模糊的galaxy 星系，银河gas 气体gaseous state 气态gravity 重力GroupⅠ第一族Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸identical 同一的，相等的in terms of 根据，在……方面innermost 最内的，最深的interaction 相互作用internal structure 内部结构interpret 解释investigate 研究,调查ionisation energy 电离能（从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量，以电子伏特eV表示）ionise 电离isotope 同位素（原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素）J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验Latin 拉丁lepton 轻粒子liquid 液体magnet 磁铁magnetic field 磁场Maltese Cross 马耳他十字marble 大理石mass number 质量数matter 物质metal foil 金箔meteorite 陨星microbe 微生物，细菌Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ ecperiment 密立根油滴实验model-building 模型建筑mole 摩尔（表示一个系统的物质的量的单位，该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒）molecule 分子（保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子）narrow beam 狭窄的光线negative electrode（cathode）阴极negligible 可以忽略的neutron 中子nitrate 硝酸盐noble gas 稀有气体normal pressures 常压nuclear charge （原子）核电荷nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型nuclear reaction 核反应nucleus （pl.nuclei）核Orbital 轨道paraffin wax 石蜡particle 微粒，粒子Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理（每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子；而且，这两个电子自旋方向必须相反）Periodic Table 周期表physical property 物理性质（物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等）plastics 塑料plum-pudding 李子布丁positive charge 正电荷（带有质子的物质，用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒，在棒上会产生正电荷）positive electrode (anode) 阳极positively charged particle (ion) 离子potential difference 电位prediction 预言principal quantum number 主量子数（标示轨道电子的波函数，包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数，电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数）probe 探测，探究protium 氕proton 质子quantum （pl. quanta）量子（一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位）quantum mechanics 量子力学Quantum Theory 量子理论quark 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）radioactive source 放射源repel 排斥repulsion 斥力respectively 分别地rung 梯级scattering effect 散射作用Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔（波动）方程（一偏微分方程，描述基本粒子波动性）scintillation 火花shell 电子壳层shielding effect 屏蔽效应simpler substance 单质（指由同种元素组成的纯净物）solid 固体sphere 球spin 自旋stable state 稳态sub-atomic particle 原子内的粒子subset 子集，小团体successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能symbol 符号symmetry 对称the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道transition elements 过渡元素tritium 氚X-ray X 射线α-particles α粒子，即alpha-particle（带有两个质子和中子的粒子，即氦原子核，对物质的穿透力较强，流速约为光速的1/10）α-ray α 射线β-particles β粒子β-ray β 射线γ-patticles γ粒子γ-rayγ 射线Chapter 2abbreviation 缩写absorption 吸收abundance 丰度accelerate 加速alloy 合金alter 改变atmospheric pressure 大气压A vogadro’s constant 阿佛加德罗常数（12g12C含有的原子数，约为6.02×1023）azide 叠氮化物balance chemical equation 配平化学方程式balance ionic equation 配平离子方程式benzene 苯blast furnace 高炉bromide 溴化物bulk 体积burette 滴定管butane 丁烷carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonate 碳酸盐collide with 冲突combustion analysis 燃烧分析concentration 浓度conical flask 锥形瓶convert 转化covalent bonds 共价键（原子间通过共用电子对形成的化学键）decimal place 小数位deposit 沉淀物detonator 炸药dioxide 二氧化物dissolve 溶解dropwise 逐滴地electric current 电流empirical formulae 实验式，经验式（只表示化合物中原子间最简单比例关系，非分子式，而为成分式）end-point 终点enthalpy 焓（热力学状态函数，单位质量的热含量，恒压下系统改变状态时增加的热含量等于内能与体系体积与压力乘积之和）equation 方程式ethanoic acid 乙酸filament 灯丝formula （pl. formulae）化学式（用元素符号来表示物质组成的式子）granule 颗粒Group Ⅰ- the alkali metal 第一族,碱金属Group Ⅱ-the alkaline earth metal 第二族,碱土金属Group Ⅲ- 第三族Group Ⅳ-Carbonic Group 碳族Group Ⅴ-Nitric Group 氮族Group Ⅵ-Oxygenic Group 氧族Group Ⅶ, the halogens 第七主族，卤族hexane 己烷horizontal axis 横坐标hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物，烃hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢hydroxide 氢氧化物hypothesis 假设indicator 指示剂inspect 检查，查看iodide 碘化物ionic compound 离子型化合物（电负性相差大的两种元素相互作用，发生电子转移，变为正、负离子，正、负离子结合形成离子型化合物）iron oxide 氧化铁low pressure 低压mass spectrometer 质谱仪methane 甲烷mixture 混合物（由两种或多种物质混合而成的，这些物质相互间没有发生反应，混合物里各物质都保持原来的性质）molar mass 摩尔质量（1摩尔物质的质量）molarity 摩尔浓度，也叫物质的量浓度（以1升即1立方分米溶液里含有多少摩溶质来表示溶液组成的物理量）molecular formulae 分子式（根据元素分析和分子量表示的化学式）monoxide 一氧化物negative ion (＝anion) 阴离子neutralise 中和nitric acid 硝酸non-metal 非金属octane 辛烷organic compound 有机化合物oxidation state 氧化态oxide 氧化物peroxide 过氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐pipette 移液管positive ion (＝cation) 阳离子precipitation reaction 沉淀反应reactant 反应物reaction 反应reagent 试剂，反应物redox reaction 氧化还原反应relative atomic mass 相对原子质量（以碳12原子的质量的1/12约1.66×10－27kg作为标准，其他原子的质量跟它比较所得的值）relative formula mass 相对式量relative isotopic mass 相对同位素质量relative molecular mass 相对分子质量（化学式中各原子的相对原子质量的总和）room temperature 室温singly charged 单核stoichiometric ratio 化学计量比stoichiometry 化学计量法sulphate 硫酸盐sulphide 硫化物sulphite 亚硫酸盐sulphuric acid 硫酸temperature 温度thermite 铝热剂，灼热剂titration 滴定法（将已知浓度的标准溶液加到被测溶液中，直到反应完成，借以测定其浓度）vaporize 汽化vertical axis 纵坐标vice versa 反之亦然volume 体积weld 焊接Chapter 3adjacent molecule 相邻的分子amide 酰胺(含-CONH2基)ammonia 氨atmosphere 大气层atomic orbital 原子轨道attractive force 吸引力biochemical compound 生化化合物boiling point 沸点bond angle 键角(与同一原子连接的两个键之间的角度)bond enthalpybond length 键长(分子中两个原子核间的平衡距离)bonding pair 成键电子对brine 盐水brittle 脆的building-block(=monomer unit) 单体(聚合物中最简单的重复结构单元)catalyst 催化剂（能改变反应速度而它本身的组成和质量在反应前后保持不变的物质）chemical bonding 化学键（分子或晶体中，原子或离子之间直接的、主要的和强烈的相互作用称为化学键）chemical bonding and structure 化学键及结构chloride 氯化物cleavage 裂开condense 浓缩conduct electricity 导电covalent compound 共价化合物crystal 晶体crystal lattice 晶格crystal plane 晶体平面crystalline solid 晶状固体cyclohexane 环己胺dative covalent bond=coordinate bond 配位键decomposition 离解density 密度dipole-dipole force 取向力dot-and-cross diagram 电子式,点叉式double bond 双键double helix 双螺旋ductile 可塑性,易变形的,可延展的electric dipole 电偶极子（一对相距极近，符号相反、数值相等的电荷所形成的体系）electrical insulator 电绝缘体electrical transformer 变压器electronegativity 电负性（原子或基团吸引并持留价电子的能力）electron-pair 电子对electron-pair repulsion theory 电子对互斥理论（是利用中心原子周圍電子的排斥理論來預測的分子及離子(去除金屬部分)的形狀）electrostatic attraction 静电吸引（引力）emerald 翡翠enthalpy change of vaporization 蒸发焓ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇，又叫酒精evaporation 蒸发fabric 布,fibre 纤维fibrous 纤维状的formation of ions 离子的形成gaseous state 气态gemstone 宝石graphite 石墨haemoglobin 血红蛋白hard 硬的high-density poly(ethene) 高密度聚乙烯hydrated ion 水合离子（与水结合而成，如H3O＋）hydrogen bond 氢键(氢键是由于与电负性极强的元素如氟、氧等相结合的氢原子和另一分子中电负性极强的原子间所产生的引力而形成)insoluble 不溶instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces 诱导力intermediate character 两性intermolecular force 分子间作用力(又称van der Waals’ force 范德华力)interval 间隙ionic bonding 离子键（由原子得失电子后，生成的正负离子之间，靠静电作用而形成的化学键）ionic crystal 离子晶体（离子间通过离子键结合而成的晶体）ionic lattice 离子晶格jewellery 珠宝kinetic theory of matter 物质运动论(所有物质的分子处于恒动状态)liquid state 液态lone-pairs 孤对电子low-density poly(ethene) 低密度聚乙烯LP-LP repulsion> LP-BP repulsion> BP-BP repulsion 孤电子对—故电子对斥力>孤电子对—成键电子对斥力>成键电子对—成键电子对斥力lubricant 润滑剂magnetise 磁化malleable 有延展性的melting point 熔点metal complex 金属络合物（由金属离子与电子给予体结合而成）metallic bonding 金属键(通过自由运动的价电子将金属原子连结起来的键)metallic element 金属元素mineral 矿物质mobile electron 流动电子molecular orbital 分子轨道molten 熔化non-contuctor 非导体non-linear molecule 非直线分子non-metallic element 非金属元素non-polar molecule 非极性分子non-stick properties 不黏性nylon 尼龙,聚酰胺纤维octahedron 八面体oppositely charged electron 电性相反的电极oppositely charged ion 电性相反的离子outer-shell electron 外层电子oxonium ion(=hydronium ion) 水合氢离子polar molecule 极性分子polarisation of ions 离子极化（在阴阳离子自身电场作用下，产生诱导偶极，而导致离子的极化，即离子的正负电荷重心不再重合，电子云发生变形，致使物质在结构和性质上发生相应的变化）polarized 极化poly 聚乙烯poly(ester) chain 聚酯链polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 多氯联（二）苯polymer 聚合物,高分子polymer chain 聚合物链protein 蛋白质quartz 石英relative bond strength 相对键能repulsion 斥力ruby 红宝石sapphire 蓝宝石semi-precious stone 亚宝石single bond 单键slippery 光滑sodium chloride 氯化钠solid state 固态solubility 溶解度（物质在溶剂中达到饱和时的溶解程度）soluble 可溶sparingly soluble 难溶sublimation 升华(固体不经液态直接转变为气态)sublime 升华(固体不经液态直接转变为气态)sucrose 蔗糖surface tension 表面张力(由于表面层下面的分子与表面层下面的分子间的分子吸引,液体表面收缩成最小表面的趋向)symmetrical distribution 对称分布tensile strength 抗拉强度tetrahedral molecule 四面体分子tetrahedron 四面体the δ+ and δ-charges δ+ 和δ-电荷three-dimensional arrangement 三维排列triangular pyramidal molecule 三角锥形分子trichloromethane 三氯甲烷trigonal planar molecule 三角锥形分子triple bond 三键unit cell 晶胞vapour pressure (蒸汽压)viscosity 黏度(流体流动阻力的表示,为液体中黏合力和内聚力的综合效果)volatility 挥发性washing-up liquidwater is peculiar 水是特殊的weapon 武器δbond δ键δorbital δ轨道π bond π键π orbital π轨道Chapter 4 and 5antacid tablet 解酸的药片atomic radii(＝atomic radius) 原子半径barium meal 钡餐Blocks of elements in the Periodic Table 周期表中元素的分区brick red 砖红色bricklaying 砌砖，泥水业brilliant whitish flame 明亮的白色火焰bubble 泡camera lenses 照相机镜头cement 水泥chalk 白垩chemical species 化学物种clay 黏土，泥土cliff 悬崖cloudy white precipitate 浑浊的白色沉淀covalent radius 共价半径covered with a layer of its oxide 覆盖一层氧化物薄膜crucible 坩埚crumble 粉碎d-block d区diatomic molecule 双原子分子dilute 稀释disulphur dichloride 二氯化二硫dolomite 白云石electronegative 带负电的，负电性的electropositive 带正电的，正电性的evolution （气体）散出exothermic reaction 放热反应f-block f区filtration 过滤firework 焰火flare 照明弹good conductivity of heat and electricity 良好的导电导热性gypsum 石膏hydrogencarbonate 碳酸氢盐incendiary bomb 燃烧弹indigestion remedy 消化不良的治疗lanthanide and actinide elements 镧系和锕系元素（周期表中，ⅧB族有32种元素，包括钪、钇、镧和锕，其中镧这一格代表15种镧系元素[Z=51~71]，锕这一格代表15种锕系元素[Z=89~103]）Law of Octaves 八行周期律（当元素按原子量增加的顺序排列成以八个为一组时，则上下每组对应元素有相似的性质）Law of Triadslime 石灰lime water 石灰（水溶液）limelight 灰光灯limestone 石灰石liquid phase 液相magnesium ribbon 镁条marine invertebrate 海里的无脊椎动物Mendeleev’s periodic table 门捷列夫周期表（按原子序数递增顺序排列成行，并将元素性质相同者置于各行之下，由此形成18列，各列元素的化合价按正规顺序变化）metal hydride 金属氢化物metallic radius 金属半径molten slag 熔渣monatomic ion 一价离子mortar 灰浆negative oxidation state 负化合价opaque 不透，不传导oxidation 氧化oxidation number (abbreviated ox. no.) 氧化数（某元素一个原子的荷电数，这种荷电数由假设把每个键中的电子指定给电负性更大的原子而求得）oxidation state 氧化态oxidising agent 氧化剂（得到电子的物质）p-block p区periodic patterns 周期律periodicity 周期性photographic flash bulb 感光photosynthesis 光合作用pitchblende 沥青铀矿plaster 石膏plaster of Pairs 熟石膏positive oxidation state 正化合价quicklime 生石灰reactivity 活动性reciprocal 倒数redox system 氧化还原体系reducing agent 还原剂（逝去电子的物质）reduction 还原refractory material 难熔物质rotary kiln 回转窑（炉）saturated solution 饱和溶液s-block s区scum 浮垢sedimentary rock 沉积岩siemens per metre (S m-1) 西门子/米（西门子是电导实用单位，亦称姆欧，欧姆的倒数）single atom 单原子slaked lime 石灰（固）solid phase 固相suspension 悬浮液the outmost electrons 最外层电子the rising parts of the curve 曲线的上升部分the trend is uneven 趋势是不规则的thermal decomposition 热（分）解toxic 有毒的tracer bullet 示踪子弹trough 曲线上的最小值valency 化合价vapour phase 气相vigorous 剧烈的Chapter 6a cream precipitate 米黄色沉淀aerosol propellant 气溶胶喷射剂ammonia solution 氨水anomalous properties 异常的性质antiseptic抗菌剂，防腐剂apparent 透明的bacteria 细菌bleach 漂白bromine is a dark red liquid giving off a dense red vapour 溴是深红色液体，会挥发浓的红色溴蒸气capture an electron 捕获一个电子CFCS(chlorofluorocarbons) 含氯氟烃chlorine is greenish yellow gas 氯是黄绿色气体contamination 污染covalent diatomic molecule 共价双原子分子cyclohexane 环己烷dichloromethane 二氯甲烷displacement reaction 置换反应（由一种单质跟一种化合物起反应,生成另一种单质和另一种化合物的反应：1.非金属取代—电负性强者取代弱者；2.金属取代—金属性强者取代弱者）disproportionation reaction 歧化反应（又叫自身氧化还原反应，在歧化反应中同一种元素的一部分原子[或离子]被氧化,另一部分原子[或离子]被还原）electron affinity 电子亲合势（原子保持其离子电荷的亲合势）fire extinguisher 灭火器flammable 易燃的fluoride controversyfluorine is pale yellow gas 氟是淡黄绿色气体foaming agent 起泡剂germicide 杀菌剂halate 次卤酸根离子halide 卤化物halogen 卤族元素，简称卤素hydrated halide ion 水合卤素离子inert 惰性的iodine in alcohol 碘酒iodine is a shiny, grey-black crystalline solid which sublimes to a purple vapour 碘是有光泽的灰黑色晶体，会升华变成紫色碘蒸气liver damage 肝脏损伤Lubricant 滑润剂non-flammable 不易燃的organic solvent 有机溶剂organo-chlorine 有机氯ozone layer 臭氧层poisonous 有毒的PTFE (polytetrafluoroethene) 聚四氟乙烯PVC 聚氯乙烯refrigerant 制冷剂solvent 溶剂thyroid problem 甲状腺问题volatility 挥发性water purification 水质净化waterproof clothing 防水布Chapter 71,2-dichloroethene 1,2－二氯乙烯2,2,3-trimethylbutane 2,2,3-三甲基丁烷2,2,4-trimethypentane (iso-octane) 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷2-bromobutane 2－溴丁烷2-hydroxybenzoic acid 2－对羟基苯甲酸2-methylpentan-3-one 2－甲基3－戊酮3-ethylpent-2-ene 3－乙基烯acid-base reaction 酸碱反应activation energy 活化能（分子开始反应所需最低能量，为活化分子能量与所有分子平均能量差）addition 加成alanine 丙氨酸alcohol 醇aldehyde 醛aliphatic alcohol 脂肪醇aliphatic aldehyde 脂肪醛aliphatic compounds 脂肪族化合物alkene 烯烃alkyl 烷基allotrope 同素异形体amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonium cyanate 氰化铵anhydrous salt 无水盐anti-bumping stone 沸石aqueous layer 水层arene 芳烃aromatic compounds 芳香族化合物（分子里含有一个或多个苯环的化合物）aspirin 阿司匹林atoms can rotate freely about a carbon-carbon single bond 原子可绕碳－碳单键自由旋转ball-and-stick model 球棍模型benzene ring 苯环branched-chain 支链buchner flask 布氏烧瓶，抽滤瓶buchner funnel 布氏漏斗（常用于真空抽滤疏松沉淀）buckminsterfullerenebut-2-ene 2－丙稀butan1-ol (=CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) 1－丁醇butanoic acid 丁酸cage 壳体，支架calculation of percentage yields 回收率的计算capillary electrophoresis apparatus 毛细管电泳仪carbanion 负（阴）碳离子carbocation 正（阳）碳离子carboxylic acid 羧酸Compact 致密的condenser 冷凝器convection currents 对流气流（由温差推动）criteria for checking purity 检测纯度的标准cyclic hydrocarbon 环烃（碳原子间相互连接成环状）cyclobutane 环丁烷decane 癸烷displayed formula (=full structural formula)distillation 蒸馏法eicosane 二十烷electric heating mantle 电热炉electrophile 亲电子试剂electrophilic addition 亲电子加成electrophilic substitution 亲电子取代elimination 消去equilibrium 平衡ester 酯ethanoic anhydride 酐ethanol (=CH3CH2OH) 乙醇ethyl- 乙基ethylamine 乙胺Ethylbenzene 乙基苯free redical 自由基free-radical substitution 自由基取代functional group 官能团gas-liquid chromatography 气液色谱法general formulageodesic domes 地圆学说geometric (or cis-trans) isomer 几何异构体（顺式－反式）grooved cork 具孔塞ground glass cone-and-socket joint 磨口玻璃锥管接合处ground glass socket 磨口玻璃管halogenoalkane 卤代烃heptane 庚烷heterolytic fission 异裂（共价键断裂产生两个相反电荷的离子）high-performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱法homologous series 同系物homolytic fission 均裂（共价键断裂产生两个自由基）hydrolysis 水解hydroxy-（＝－OH）羟基hyphen 连字符immiscible liquid 不溶混液体impurity 杂质intermolecular hydrogen bond 分子间氢键Isomerism 同分异构现象ketone 酮kinetic energy 动能Kjeldahl 克耶达liquid circulates 液体循环melting point tube containing sample 装有样品的熔点测定管methanol (=CH3OH) 甲醇methoxymethane 甲氧基甲烷methyl（－CH3）甲基Methylpropane 甲基丙烷molecular formulanomenclature 系统命名法nonane 壬烷nucleophile 亲核试剂nucleophilic addition 亲核加成nucleophilic substitution 亲核取代organic chemistry 有机化学paper chromatography 纸层析法paraffin oil 石蜡油pentan-3-one 3-戊酮pentane 戊烷phenyl ring(-C6H5) 苯基phenylalanine 苯基丙氨酸phosphoric acid 磷酸preliminary calculation 预算propan-1-ol (=CH3CH2CH2OH) 1－丙醇propan-2-ol 2-丙醇propanal 丙醛propane 丙烷propylamine 丙胺pumice 浮石reaction mechanism 反应机制reaction pathway 反应途径recrystallisation 重结晶redistilling 重蒸馏Reflux 回流rubber ring 橡胶圈rubber seal 橡胶塞separating funnel 分液漏斗side-chain 侧链skeletal formula 骨架skeletonspectroscopic technique 光谱技术stereoisomerism 立体异构体stoppered flask 已塞紧的烧瓶stright-chain 直链structural formulastructural isomer 同分异构体（化合物具有相同的分子式，但具有不同结构）substitution 取代synthesis 合成the maximum mass of product 最大产量the neck of the reaction flask 烧瓶瓶颈thermometer 温度计thermostatically controlled heating mantle 恒温控制加热炉Thiele tube 蒂埃尔均热管thin-layer chromatography 薄层层析法three-dimensional formulaultraviolet (UV) 紫外线vacuum filtration 真空抽滤，真空过滤vinegar 醋visible spectroscopy 可见光voltage 电压water bath 水浴wavelength 波长Chapter 82,2,4-trimethyolpentane 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷2-methylpentane 戊烷adhesive 粘合剂alkane 烃alternatives to fossil fuels 化石燃料的代替品anaerobic decay 厌氧分解bimetallic catalyst 双金属催化剂biofuels 生物燃料bitumen 沥青burn off 燃尽carbon coke 焦炭carcinogenic aldehyde methanal 致癌的醛甲烷化catalytic cracking 催化裂化（由重质组分催化裂解为轻质组分）cellulose 纤维素chemical cell 化学电池CO2 emissions CO2 的排放coal 煤condensation 冷凝corrode 腐蚀cracking 裂化crude oil 原油cycloalkane 环烃cylinder 汽缸，圆筒diesel 柴油drastic action 剧烈反应efficient combustion 有效燃烧feedstock 给料ferment 发酵fission 裂变flow rate 流速Fluid 流体fluidised bed 流化床fossil 化石fraction 分馏物fractional distillation 分馏fractional distillation column 分馏塔fusion （核）聚变gasoline 汽油generate electricity 发电geothermal: hot rocks 地热：热岩greenhouse effect 温室效应hydrocarbons: fuels 碳氢化合物：燃料hydroelectricity 水电，水力发电inhalation 吸入isomerisation 异构化kerosene 煤油lead-acid battery 铅酸蓄电池lubricating oil 润滑油megawatt 兆瓦，即106瓦naphtha 粗汽油natural gas 天然气non-renewable resource 不可再生资源nuclear fuels 核燃料oil refinery 炼油厂oscillating motion 振动overflow pipe 溢流管oxidation product 氧化产物oxidiser 氧化剂petrol 汽油photovoltaic cell 阻挡层光电池plant 植物rapeseed 油菜籽raw material 原料recycle 重复利用reforming 重整regeneration chamber 燃烧室residue 废料，残渣seething mixture 沸腾的混合物separate into layers 分层sieve 滤网solar panels 太阳能（电池）板spherical tank 球形罐spillage 溢出steady state 稳态sunflower oil 葵花油sunlight: solar heating and photovoltaics 阳光：太阳热和太阳电池tarmac 停机坪thermal energy 热能transfer of energy to the surroundings 把能量转移到四周tray （分馏塔的）板turbine 涡轮waste products 废品weir 坝，堰zeolite 沸石Chapter 92,2-dimethylpropane 2,2－二甲基丙烷CH3· (methyl) free radical 甲基自由基chain reaction 链锁反应combustion in air 在空气中燃烧complete combustion in an excess of air 在过量空气中完全燃烧concentrated sulphuric acid 浓硫酸dodecane 十二烷hydrocarbons: alknes 碳氢化合物：烃in poorly ventilated rooms 在通风不足的房间initiation step 初级过程mechanism 机理overlap 重叠photochemical reaction 光化学反应（原子、分子、自由基或离子由吸收一个具有一定频率的光子而成为激发态所引起的反应）photodissociation 光解作用（分子通过吸收一个光子的电磁能分裂出一个或多个原子）propagation step 增殖过程saturated hydrocarbon 饱和烃termination step 终止过程tetrachloromethane 四氯甲烷undecane 十一烷unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃waxy solid 蜡状固体Chapter 102-methylbuta-1,3-diene 2－甲基－1,3－二丙稀addition polymerisation 加聚反应（由大量小分子（单体）相继加成为大分子量化合物或聚合物）antifreeze 防冻剂bark 树皮cis-trans isomerism 顺－反式同分异构现象decolourise 褪色dibromo- 二溴diene 二烯electron-richelectrophilic addition 亲电加成ethane-1,2-diol 乙烷－乙二醇gas scrubber 气体洗涤器gutta-percha 杜仲胶，古塔胶hard margarine 硬植物油horny 角状的，粗硬的hydrocarbons: alkenes 碳氢化合物：烯烃industrial methylated spirits 工业甲基化酒精inelastic 无弹力的isoprene 异戊（间）二烯latex 橡浆，树乳monomer 单体（见chapter 3 building-block）multiple bond 重键（不饱和化合物中双键和三键的总称）natural rubber 天然橡胶nickel catalyst 镍催化剂non-biodegradable 不可生物降解optic nerve 视觉神经percha treepollutant 污染物poly(chloroethene) 聚氯乙烯poly(phenylethene) 聚苯乙烯polymerisation 聚合反应polyunsaturated 多个不饱和的propene is bubbled through a solution of bromine 把丙稀通入溴水中repeat unit 重复单元retinal 视网膜steam 蒸汽styrene 苯乙烯systematic name 系统命名traditionally vinyl chloride 氯乙烯triethyl- 三乙基Ziegler-Natta catalyst 齐格勒－纳塔催化剂（由两种金属化合物反应而成，用于烯烃、双烯烃等聚合，生成聚乙烯、聚丙烯）planar molecule 平面分子Chapter 11acidified aqueous potassium dichromate 酸化二氯溶液acyl chloride (acylation) 酰基氯，氯化某酰（酰化作用）adulteration 搀杂alkoxide ion（＝RO-）烷氧离子anaerobic process 厌氧过程ceramic wool soaked in ethanol 陶瓷羊毛colvescorresponding alcohol 相应的醇dehydration 脱水deterrent 灭菌剂enzyme 酶ethanoate 醋酸盐ethoxide ion 乙氧基离子fermentation 发酵foul taste 恶臭fruity odour 水果香味gentle heating 微热glucose 葡萄糖infrared spectrum 红外光谱（分子只能吸收与其振动、转动频率相一致的红外线而形成特征光谱）litmus paper 石蕊试纸（检查酸碱性用）metabolism 新陈代谢miscibility with water 与水的互溶性phenolphthanlein incicator 酚酞指示剂pore 孔porous ceramic surface 多孔的陶瓷表面primary alcohol 伯醇reverse reaction 逆发应secondary alcohol 仲醇simplified equation 简化方程式tertiary alcohol 叔醇wavenumber 波数yeast 酵母菌Chapter 12aerosol propellant 气溶胶火箭燃料anti-inflammatory medic ine 消炎药aqueous ethanolic silver nitrate 乙醇硝酸银溶液blowing agent 发泡剂bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF) 溴氯二氟甲烷（灭火剂）circuit board 电路板combustible materiall 可燃物degreasing agent 除油剂electrical insulation 电绝缘材料halogenoalkanes 卤代烃ibuprofen 布洛芬，异丁苯丙酸（解热镇痛药）ozone ‘hole’ 臭氧层空洞primary halogenoalkane 伯卤代烃rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎second halogenoalkane 仲卤代烃silver halide precipitate 卤化银沉淀stratosphere 平流层tertiary halogenoalkane 叔卤代烃the classification of halogenoalkanes 卤代烃的分类Chapter 13beaker 烧杯bond breaking 断键bond making 成键Chapter 13 enthalpy change 焓变clamp 夹copper spiral 铜圈endothermic reaction 吸热反应（体系从环境吸收热能，化学反应的焓变为正值）energy transfer 能量转移enthalpy changes by different routes 不同途径的焓变enthalpy cycleexothermic reaction 放热反应（体系放热给环境，化学反应的焓变为负值）first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律（本质是能量守恒定律）flame calorimeter 火焰量热计graph extrapolated backwards to starting time 反推到开始时间的曲线图Haber process 哈伯合成氨法heat capacity 热容（当一系统由于加给一微小的热量δQ而温度升高δT时，Δq/δT这个量即是热容）heating-insulated vessel 隔热容器Hess’ law 赫斯定律（一个化学反应的热销应决定于其始终态，与中间过程无关）joule 焦耳〔能量和功的单位〕law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律（在任一封闭系统中总能量保持不变）metal calorimeter 金属量热计negative value(-) 负值pascal 帕斯卡（压强单位）perpetual motion 永恒运动polystyrene cup 聚苯乙烯杯positive value(+) 正值reaction pathway 反应途径release large quantities energy 释放大量能量screw 螺旋桨shield 护板specific heat capacity of water 水的比热容spectator ionstandard enthalpy change of combustion 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of formation 标准摩尔生成焓standard enthalpy change of reaction 标准反应焓变（标准状态下反应的焓变）standard enthalpy changes: standard conditions 标准焓变：标准状态stirrer 搅拌器suction pump 真空泵，抽水机vacuum flask 真空烧瓶wick 灯芯Chapter 14reaction rates 反应速率acidity 酸性，酸度adsorb 吸附aldehyde 乙醛at normal temperatures and pressures 在常温常压下basicity 碱度；碱性Bung 塞camphor 樟脑catalytic converter 催化转化器celluloid 赛璐珞(明胶)chemical analysis 化学分析chemical kinetics 化学动力学colorimeter 色度计colour intensity 色度concentration of reactants 反应物浓度constant random motion 永恒的无规则运动desorb 解吸entropy 熵（热力学状态函数，用于量度系统无序度，等于吸收之热与吸热时绝对温度之商）esterification 酯化exhaust gases 排放气体factors that affect the rate of a reaction 影响反应速率的因素gas syringe 气体注射器glass delivery tube 玻璃导管heterogeneous catalysis 多相催化（催化剂与反应物处于不同相如在固体和流体相界面间发生催化作用）homogeneous catalysis 均相催化（催化剂与反应物在同相中反应）intensity of the radiation 照射的强度inverted, water-filled burette 倒置的装满水的量管latitude 纬度low-energy collisions 低能量碰撞nitrocellulose 硝化纤维素nitroglycerine 硝化甘油oxyacetylene torch 氧乙炔火炬peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) 硝酸过氧化乙酰ppb 十亿分之一（10－10）ppm 百万分之一（10－6）pressure sensor 压力感受器rate determining step 决定反应速率的步骤removal 去除Ribenascanning probe microscopy(SPM) 扫描显微探针sealed container 密闭容器self-sustainedspectrophotometer 分光光度计(根据样品对可见光分解为单色光后的透（反）射能量与波长的函数关系，可准确分析色度或比较两种波长的发光强度)surface area 表面积temperature sensor 温感器（能对温度变化作出反应）the asymmetric shape of the curve 曲线的不对称形状the Boltzemann distribution 玻耳兹曼分布（处于热平衡的气体中具有不同能级的分子数的几率）the collision theory of reactivity 碰撞理论（化学反应速率等于反应物分子间的碰撞数乘以有效碰撞因子）Timer 计时器Chapter 15equilibra 平衡base 碱closed system 封闭系统constancy of macroscopic propertiescotton wool 脱脂棉dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡（在一定条件下德可逆反应里，正反应和逆反应德速率相等，反应混合物中各组成成分德含量保持不变）fertility 肥(沃)度forwards direction 正方向irreversible one-way reaction 不可逆单向反应keep the pressure constant 保持恒压Le Chatelier’s principle 勒沙特列原理（如果改变影响平衡的一个条件如浓度、压强或温度等，平衡就向能够减弱这种改变的方向移动）macroscopic propertiesnail varnish remover 洗甲油Ostwald process 奥斯特瓦尔德法（制硝酸，采用高温铂网催化剂，将氨氧化为氧化氮，经水吸收成硝酸）porous iron 多孔的铁reaction vessel 反应容器reverse direction 反方向reversible reaction 可逆反应strong acid 强酸the equilibrium shifts to minimize this increase 平衡就向能够减弱这种改变的方向移动weak acid 弱酸氨ammonia氨基酸amino acid。

化学英语证书考试（PEC）-分析化学词汇分析化学：analytical chemistry定性分析：qualitative analysis定量分析：quantitative analysis物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physico-chemical analysis仪器分析法：instrumental analysis流动注射分析法：flow injection analysis；FIA顺序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA化学计量学：chemometrics绝对误差：absolute error相对误差：relative error系统误差：systematic error可定误差：determinate error随机误差：accidental error不可定误差：indeterminate error准确度：accuracy精确度：precision偏差：debiation，d平均偏差：average debiation相对平均偏差：relative average debiation标准偏差（标准差）：standerd deviation;S相对平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD变异系数：coefficient of variation误差传递：propagation of error有效数字：significant figure置信水平：confidence level显著性水平：level of significance合并标准偏差（组合标准差）：pooled standard debiation舍弃商：rejection quotient ;Q化学定量分析滴定分析法：titrametric analysis滴定：titration容量分析法:volumetric analysis化学计量点：stoichiometric point等当点：equivalent point电荷平衡：charge balance电荷平衡式：charge balance equation质量平衡：mass balance物料平衡：material balance质量平衡式：mass balance equation酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations质子自递反应：autoprotolysis reaction质子自递常数：autoprotolysis constant质子条件式:proton balance equation酸碱指示剂：acid-base indicator指示剂常数：indicator constant变色范围：colour change interval混合指示剂：mixed indicator双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations质子溶剂：protonic solvent酸性溶剂：acid solvent碱性溶剂：basic solvent两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent无质子溶剂：aprotic solvent均化效应：differentiating effect区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent离子化：ionization离解：dissociation结晶紫：crystal violet萘酚苯甲醇: α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶红：quinadinered百里酚蓝：thymol blue偶氮紫：azo violet溴酚蓝：bromophenol blue配位滴定法：compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA 螯合物：chelate compound金属指示剂：metal lochrome indcator氧化还原滴定法：oxidation-reduction titration碘量法：iodimetry溴量法：bromimetry ]溴量法：bromine method铈量法：cerimetry高锰酸钾法：potassium permanganate method条件电位：conditional potential溴酸钾法：potassium bromate method硫酸铈法：cerium sulphate method偏高碘酸：metaperiodic acid高碘酸盐：periodate亚硝酸钠法：sodium nitrite method重氮化反应：diazotization reaction重氮化滴定法：diazotization titration亚硝基化反应：nitrozation reaction亚硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration外指示剂：external indicator外指示剂：outside indicator重铬酸钾法：potassium dichromate method 沉淀滴定法：precipitation titration容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method 银量法：argentometric method重量分析法：gravimetric analysis挥发法：volatilization method引湿水（湿存水）：water of hydroscopicity 包埋(藏)水：occluded water吸入水：water of imbibition结晶水：water of crystallization组成水：water of composition液-液萃取法：liquid-liquid extration溶剂萃取法：solvent extration反萃取：counter extraction分配系数：partition coefficient分配比：distribution ratio离子对（离子缔合物）：ion pair沉淀形式：precipitation forms称量形式：weighing forms仪器分析概述物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physicochemical analysis仪器分析：instrumental analysis电化学分析：electrochemical analysis电解法：electrolytic analysis method电重量法：electtogravimetry库仑法：coulometry库仑滴定法：coulometric titration电导法：conductometry电导分析法：conductometric analysis电导滴定法：conductometric titration电位法：potentiometry直接电位法：dirext potentiometry电位滴定法：potentiometric titration伏安法：voltammetry极谱法：polarography溶出法：stripping method电流滴定法：amperometric titration化学双电层：chemical double layer相界电位：phase boundary potential金属电极电位：electrode potential化学电池：chemical cell液接界面：liquid junction boundary原电池：galvanic cell电解池：electrolytic cell负极：cathrode正极：anode电池电动势：eletromotive force指示电极：indicator electrode参比电极：reference electroade标准氢电极：standard hydrogen electrode一级参比电极：primary reference electrode饱和甘汞电极：standard calomel electrode银－氯化银电极：silver silver-chloride electrode液接界面：liquid junction boundary不对称电位：asymmetry potential表观PH值：apparent PH复合PH电极：combination PH electrode离子选择电极：ion selective electrode敏感器：sensor晶体电极:crystalline electrodes均相膜电极：homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜电极：heterog eneous membrance electrodes非晶体电极：non- crystalline electrodes刚性基质电极：rigid matrix electrode流流体载动电极：electrode with a mobile carrier气敏电极：gas sensing electrodes酶电极：enzyme electrodes金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管：MOSFET离子选择场效应管：ISFET总离子强度调节缓冲剂：total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB永停滴定法：dead-stop titration双电流滴定法（双安培滴定法）：double amperometric titration普朗克常数：Plank constant电磁波谱：electromagnetic spectrum光谱：spectrum光谱分析法：spectroscopic analysis原子发射光谱法：atomic emission spectroscopy质量谱：mass spectrum质谱法：mass spectroscopy,MS紫外－可见分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis 肩峰：shoulder peak末端吸收：end absorbtion生色团：chromophore助色团：auxochrome红移：red shift长移：bathochromic shift短移：hypsochromic shift蓝（紫）移：blue shift增色效应（浓色效应）：hyperchromic effect减色效应（淡色效应）：hypochromic effect强带：strong band弱带：weak band吸收带：absorption band透光率：transmitance,T吸光度：absorbance谱带宽度：band width杂散光：stray light噪声：noise暗噪声：dark noise散粒噪声：signal shot noise闪耀光栅：blazed grating全息光栅：holographic graaing光二极管阵列检测器：photodiode array detector 偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ,PLS 褶合光谱法：convolution spectrometry褶合变换：convolution transform,CT离散小波变换：wavelet transform,WT多尺度细化分析：multiscale analysis供电子取代基：electron donating group吸电子取代基：electron with-drawing group荧光：fluorescence荧光分析法：fluorometryX-射线荧光分析法：X-ray fulorometry原子荧光分析法：atomic fluorometry分子荧光分析法：molecular fluorometry振动弛豫：vibrational relexation内转换：internal conversion外转换：external conversion体系间跨越：intersystem crossing激发光谱：excitation spectrum荧光光谱：fluorescence spectrum斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift荧光寿命：fluorescence life time荧光效率：fluorescence efficiency荧光量子产率：fluorescence quantum yield荧光熄灭法：fluorescence quemching method散射光：scattering light瑞利光：Reyleith scanttering light拉曼光：Raman scattering light红外线：infrared ray,IR中红外吸收光谱：mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR远红外光谱：Far-IR微波谱：microwave spectrum,MV红外吸收光谱法：infrared spectroscopy红外分光光度法：infrared spectrophotometry振动形式：mode of vibration伸缩振动：stretching vibration对称伸缩振动：symmetrical stretching vibration不对称伸缩振动：asymmetrical stretching vibration弯曲振动：bending vibration变形振动：formation vibration面内弯曲振动:in-plane bending vibration,β剪式振动：scissoring vibration,δ面内摇摆振动：rocking vibration,ρ面外弯曲振动：out-of-plane bending vibration,γ面外摇摆振动：wagging vibration,ω蜷曲振动：twisting vibration ,τ对称变形振动：symmetrical deformation vibration ,δs不对称变形振动：asymmetrical deformation vibration, δas特征吸收峰:charateristic avsorption band特征频率：characteristic frequency相关吸收峰：correlation absorption band杂化影响：hybridization affect环大小效应：ring size effect吸收峰的强度：intensity of absorption band环折叠振动：ring prckering vibration第十五章原子吸收分光光度法原子光谱法：atomic spectroscopy原子吸收分光光度法：atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS 原子发射分光光度法：atomic emmsion spectrophotometry,AES原子荧光分光光度法：atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS 核磁共振：nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR核磁共振波谱：NMR spectrum核磁共振波谱法：NMR spectroscopy扫场：swept field扫频：seept frequency连续波核磁共振：continuous wave NMR,CW NMRFourier变换NMR：PFT-NMR,FT-NMR二维核磁共振谱：2D-NMR质子核磁共振谱：proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR氢谱：1H-NMR碳－13核磁共振谱：13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR自旋角动量：spin angular momentum磁旋比：magnetogyric ratio磁量子数：magnetic quantum number,m进动：precession弛豫历程：relaxation mechanism局部抗磁屏蔽：local diamagnetic shielding屏蔽常数：shielding constant化学位移：chemical shift国际纯粹与应用化学协会：IUPAC磁各向异性：magnetic anisotropy远程屏蔽效应：long range shielding effect结面：nodal plane自旋－自旋偶合：spin-spin coupling自旋－自旋分裂：spin=spin splitting单峰：singlet,s双峰：doublet,d三重峰：triplet,t四重峰：quartet五重峰：quintet六重峰：sextet偕偶：geminal coupling邻偶：vicinal coupling远程偶合：long range coupling磁等价：magnetic eqivalence自旋系统：spin system一级光谱：first order spectrum二级光谱（二级图谱）：second order spectrumC-H光谱：C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY质谱分析法：mass spectrometry质谱：mass spectrum,MS棒图：bar graph选择离子检测：selected ion monitoring ,SIM直接进样：direct probe inlet ,DPI接口：interface气相色谱－质谱联用：gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS高效液相色谱－质谱联用：high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS电子轰击离子源：electron impact source,EI离子峰：quasi-molecular ions化学离子源：chemical ionization source,CI场电离：field ionization,FI场解析：field desorptiion,FD快速原子轰击离子源：fast stom bombardment ,FAB质量分析器：mass analyzer磁质谱仪：magnetic-sector mass spectrometer四极杆质谱仪（四极质谱仪）：quadrupole mass spectrometer原子质量单位:amu离子丰度：ion abundance相对丰度(相对强度)：relative avundance基峰：base peak质量范围：mass range分辨率：resolution灵敏度：sensitivity信噪比：S/N分子离子：molecular ion碎片离子：fragment ion同位素离子：isotopic ion亚稳离子：metastable ion亚稳峰：metastable peak母离子：paren ion子离子：daughter含奇数个电子的离子：odd electron含偶数个电子的离子：even eletron,EE均裂：homolytic cleavage异裂（非均裂）：heterolytic cleavage半均裂：hemi-homolysis cleavage重排：rearragement分子量：MWα－裂解：α-cleavage色谱法（层析法）：chromatography固定相：stationary phase流动相：mobile phase超临界流体色谱法：SFC高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC 气相色谱法：gas chromatography,GC液相色谱法：liquid cromatography,LC超临界流体色谱法：supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC气-固色谱法：GSC气-液色谱法：GLC液-固色谱法：LSC液-液色谱法：LLC柱色谱法：column chromatography填充柱：packed column毛细管柱：capillary column微填充柱：icrobore packed column高效液相色谱法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC平板色谱法：planar平板色谱法：plane chromatography纸色谱法：paper chromatography薄层色谱法：thin layer chromatography,TLC薄膜色谱法;thiin film chomatography毛细管电泳法：capillary electrophoresis,CE分配色谱法：partition chromatography吸附色谱法：adsorpion chromaography离子交换色谱法：ion exchange chromatography,IEC空间排阻色谱法：steric exclusion chromatography,SEC亲和色谱法：affinity chromatography分配系数：distribution cofficient狭义分配系数：partition coefficient凝胶色谱法：gel chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法：gel permeation chromatography,GPC凝胶过滤色谱法：gel filtration chromatography,GFC渗透系数：permeation coefficien;Kp化学键合相色谱法：chemically bonded-phase chromatography 分配系数：distribution coefficient靛菁绿：indocyanine气相色谱－傅立叶变换红外光谱：GC-FTIR第十九章经典液相色谱法薄层色谱法：TLC吸附：adsorption活化：activation脱活性：deactivation交联度：degree of cross linking交换容量：exchange capacity薄层板：thin layer plate展开剂：developing solvent ,developer临界胶束浓度：criticak micolle concentration ,CMC相对比移值：relative Rf, Rr分离度：resolution ,R分离数：separation number,SN煅石膏：Gypsum羧甲基纤维素钠：CMC-Na吸收光谱联用：TLC-UV薄层色谱－荧光联用：TLC-F薄层色谱－红外吸收光谱联用：TLC-IR薄层色谱法：TLC-MS纸色谱法：paper chromatography上行展开：ascending development下行法展开：descending development双向展开：two dimensional develoooment气相色谱法：gas chromatography前延峰：leading peak拖尾峰：tailing peak对称因子：symmetry factor,fs保留时间：retention time保留体积：retention volume死时间：dead time调整保留时间：asjusted retention time半峰宽：peak width at half height,W1/2 or Y1/2峰宽：peak width,W等温线：isotherm理论塔板高度：height equivalent to atheoretical plate化学键合相：chemically bonded phase丁二酸二乙二醇聚酯：polydiethylene glycol succinate,PDEGS,DEGS高分子多孔微球：GDX苯乙烯：STY乙基乙烯苯：EST二乙烯苯：DVB涂壁毛细管柱：wall coated open tubular column,WCOT载体涂层毛细管柱：supprot coated open tubular column,SCOT热导检测器：thermal conductivity detector,TCD氢焰离子化检测器：hydrogen flame ionization detector,FID电子捕获检测器：electron capture detector ,ECD噪声：noise,N漂移:drift,d灵敏度：sensitivity检测限(敏感度)：detectability,D,M分离度：resolution归一化法：normalization method外标法：external standardization高效液相色谱法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC高速液相色谱法：high speed LC,HSLC高压液相色谱法：high pressure LC,HPLC高分辨液相色谱法：high resolution LC,HRLC液固吸附色谱法（液固色谱法）：liquid-solid adsorption chromatography,LSC 液液色谱法：liquid-liquid chromatography,LLC正相：normal phase,NP反相：reversed phase,RP化学键合相色谱法：bonded phase chromatography,BPC十八烷基：octadecylselyl,ODS离子对色谱法：paired ion chromatography,PIC反相离子对色谱法：RPIC离子抑制色谱法：ion suppression chromatography,ISC离子色谱法：ion chromatography,IC手性色谱法：chiral chromatography,CC环糊精色谱法：cyclodextrin chromatography,CDC胶束色谱法：micellar chromatography,MC亲和色谱法：affinity chromatography,AC固定相：stationary phase化学键合相：chemically bonde phase封尾、封顶、遮盖：end capping手性固定相：chiral stationary phase,CSP恒组成溶剂洗脱：isocraic elution梯度洗脱：gradient elution紫外检测器：ultraviolet detector,UVD荧光检测器：fluorophotomeric detector,FD电化学检测器：ECD示差折光检测器：RID光电二极管检测器：photodiode array detector ,DAD三维光谱－波谱图：3D-spectrochromatogram蒸发光散射检测器：evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD安培检测器：ampere detector,AD高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electrophoresis,HPCE淌度：mobility电泳：electrophoresis电渗：electroosmosis动力进样：hydrodynamic injection电动进样：electrokinetic injection毛细管区带电泳法：capillary zone electrophoresis,CZE胶束电动毛细管色谱：micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography,MECC毛细管凝胶电泳：capillary gel electrophoresis,CGE筛分：sieving荆轲，一个四处为家的刺客，他的心犹如浮云，心如飘蓬，是没有根的，然而高渐离的筑声，却成了他愿意停留在燕国这片土地上的原由。

化学专业英语常用词汇精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】《专业英语》☆Elements of 1-36☆常用： ppm: parts per million ppb: parts per billionpH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名：规则：金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称 (1)MgCl2 magnesium [m?ɡ’ni:zjm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait] (3)KNO3 potassium[p’t?sim] nitrate [‘naitreit](4)硝酸 nitric acid (5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习：FeBr2 (NH4)2SO4 NH4H2PO4Hydrogen [‘haidr?dn] n.氢 Helium [‘hi:lj?m] n.〈化〉氦 Lithium [‘liθi?m] n.锂Beryllium [b’riljm] n.铍(Be)Boron [‘b:rn] n. 硼 Carbon [‘kɑ:b?n] n. 碳 Diamonds are pure carbon.钻石是纯净的碳。

Nitrogen 氮Scandium [‘kndim]钪(Sc)Titanium [tai’teini?m]钛Vanadium [v’neidim]钒,Chromium [‘krumjm]铬Manganese [‘m?ɡni:z]锰 Iron [‘ai?n]铁 Cobalt [k’b:lt, ’k?ub:lt] 钴(Co) Nickel [‘nik?l] 镍KMnO4亚硫酸sulfurous acidH2SNO2 有机物命名Hydrocarbon{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃){Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}Alcohol 醇Aldehyde 醛Ketone [‘ki:tun] 酮Carboxylic acid 羧酸Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃){benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习甲烷乙炔丙酮丁醇戊烷己烯庚醛辛烷2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lesson 1Lithium [‘liθim] n.锂Beryllium [b’riljm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘sudim] n.钠Potassium [p’tsim] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidim] 铷Caesium [‘si:zim] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:klis] 原子核，是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hldn] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pztiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径，raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tlik] character[‘krikt] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektru’pztiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘ainai’zein] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[d:’meinim] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘sudim] 钠 magnesium[mɡ’ni:zjm] 镁silicon [‘silikn] 硅 chlorine [’kl:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nnmi’tlik]adj.n.非金属的，非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘nik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [b’sisiti] n. 碱性，碱度Oxyacid [,ksi’sid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘slfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfate Amphoteric [,mf’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘sid] n. adj.alkali [‘lklai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’drein] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ksis:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物，复合物句子理解1)Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, ifsupplied with energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的，如果供给能量，有失去电子的趋势。

专业英语词汇总结Section 1生药部分中药研究现状及中药现代化一、加强中国药用植物基础研究及其与中药现代化的联系/Strengthening basic researches on Chinese Medicinal Plants and its relations to realizing the modernization of CMM记载be recorded来源derived from中医药Traditional Chinese Medicine,short for TCM卫生事业health care,health undertakings中草药Chinese traditional medicinal herbs疗效reliable therapeutical effectstherapeutic[,θer?'pju:t?k]adj.治疗(学)的;疗法的；对身心健康有益的副作用side-effectsl中医药的健康理念和临床医疗模式体现了现代医学的发展趋势。

The health concept and clinical practice reflect the trend of modern science新的科学技术潮流（the new tide of science and technology）二、中药资源及其研究成果/Chinese Medicinal Plant resources and achievement of its scientific research中药资源(medicinal plant resources)普查(surveys)专项研究(special projects)药用植物资源(the Chinese medicinal resources)科学鉴定(scientific identification)化学成分(chemical constituents)药理实验(pharmacological experiments临床适应症(clinical applications)研究(projects)新著作(new works)各论(monographs)手册(manuals)《中国药典》The pharmacopoeia of the people’s Republic of China药典Pharmacopoeia药用植物学Pharmaceutical Botany本草学Herbology中药学The Chinese Materia Medica药用植物分类学Pharmaceutical Plant Taxonomy植物化学Phytochemistry植物化学分类学Plant Chemotaxonomy药用植物志Flora of Medicinal Plant中药药剂学traditional Chinese Pharmaceutics中药炮制学Science of processing Chinese Crude Drugs中药鉴定学Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine中药药理学Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicines青蒿素artemisin奎宁quinine、氯奎宁chloroquine衍生物derivatives氯奎宁耐受性疟疾chloroquine resistant malaria急性疟疾pernicious malaria脑部疟疾cerebral malaria显著疗效marked effect chloroquine resistant malaria/抗氯喹啉疟疾Pernicious（有害的）malaria/急性疟疾cerebral malaria/脑疟疾derivatives/衍生物quinine/喹啉含有氮原子的化合物，在英文命名中多以-ine结尾Mono-/一Di-/二Tri-/三Tetra-/四Petan-/五Hexa-/六Hepta-/七Octa-/八Nona-/九Deca-/十三尖杉酯碱harringtonine、高三尖杉酯碱homoharringtonine白血病leukemia和恶性淋巴瘤malignant lymphoma银杏黄酮ginkgetin丹参酮tanshinon IIA治疗冠心病coronary heart diseasesNew drug developments/新药开发Health products/保健品质量控制Quality control修订revise常用中药common-used Chinese materia medica国家标准the national standards三、中药所面临的挑战/Chinese Medicinal Herbs Facing a Challenge中成药及其制剂traditional Chinese patent medicines and preparations基础研究basic researches生产production、流通marketing研究researchIdentification of species/品种鉴定鉴定和鉴别identifying and clarifying变种varieties伪品false matters。

化学英语证书考试（PEC）-天然药物化学专业词汇中药生药草药民族药地产药材道地药材中成药海洋生药学药用植物学植物化学植物化学分类学生药拉丁名学名来源混淆品类同品伪品代用品掺伪天然产物化学成分有效成分主成分活性成分莽草酸途径乙酸一丙二酸途径乙酸- 甲瓦龙酸途径单糖戊糖己精庚糖辛糖脱氧糖呋喃糖吡喃糖寡糖二糖三糖四糖五糖多糖traditional Chinese drug crude drugmedicinal herbethnic drugnative drugfamous-region drug Chinese patent medicine marine pharmacognosy medicinal botany phytochemistryplant chemotaxonomyLatin name of crude drug scientific namesourceadulterantallied drugcounterfeit drugsubstituteadulterationnatural productchemical constituent effective constituentmain constituentactive constituentshikimic acid pathway acetate-malonate pathway acetate-mevalonate pathway monosaccharidepentosehexoseheptoseoctose deoxysaccharide, deoxysugar furanosepyranose oligosaccharide disaccharide trisaccharide tetrasaccharide pentosaccharide polysaccharide淀粉菊糖黏液树胶果胶半纤维素纤维素甲壳质肝素硫酸软骨素玻璃酸直链淀粉支链淀粉糖原费林试验苷糖杂体苷元苦杏仁酶氰苷酚苷多酚醛苷醇苷吲哚苷树脂醇苷硫苷呫吨酮呫吨酮苷蒽醌蒽醌苷蒽酚氧化蒽酚蒽酮二蒽酮羟基蒽醌博恩特雷格反应黄酮类黄酮苷黄酮黄烷黄酮醇黄烷酮黄烷酮醇starchinulinmucilagegumpectinhemicellulosecellulosechitinheparinchondroitin sulfatehyaluronic acidamyloseamylopectinglycogenFehling testglycosideheterosideaglyconeemulsincyanogenic glycoside, cyanogenetic glycosidephenolic glycosidepolyphenolaldehyde glycosidealcoholic glycosideindole glycosideresinol glycosidethioglycosidexanthonexanthonoid glycoside anthraquinoneanthraquinone glycoside anthranoloxanthranolanthronedianthrone hydroxyanthraquinone Borntrager reactionflavonoidflavonoid glycosideflavoneflavaneflavonolflavanone异黄酮异黄烷酮新黄酮类双黄酮查耳酮环菠萝烷达玛烷胡萝卜烷木栓烷原萜烷螺甾烷羊毛甾烷花色素花色苷原花色素白花色素白花色素苷多烯色素色烷色酮橙酮皂苷皂苷元原皂苷元甾体皂苷甾体皂苷元三萜皂苷三萜皂苷元溶血指数泡沫试验强心苷强心苷元强心甾海葱甾蟾蜍甾植物脱皮甾醇一级苷原始苷次级苷凯—凯反应凯达试验莱加尔试验香豆素苷香豆素flavanonolisoflavoneisoflavanoneneoflavonoidbiflavonechalconecycloartanedammaranedancanefriedelaneprotostanespirostanelanostaneanthocyanidinanthocyaninproanthocyanidin leucoanthocyanidin leucoanthocyaninpolyene pigmentchromanechromoneauronesaponinsapogeninprosapogeninsteroid saponinsteroid sapogenintriterpenoid saponintriterpenoid sapogeninhaemolytic indexfoam testcardiac glycosidecardiac aglyconecardenolidescillanolidebufanolidephytoecdysteroidprimary glycosideprimitive glycosidesecondary glycosideKeller-Kiliani reaction, K-K reaction Kedde testLegal testcoumarin glycoside。

化学英语证书考试（PEC）-分析化学词汇分析化学：analytical chemistry 定性分析：qualitative analysis 定量分析：quantitative analysis 物理分析：physical analysis 物理化学分析：physico-chemical analysis 仪器分析法：instrumental analysis 流动注射分析法：flow injection analysis； FIA 顺序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA 化学计量学：chemometrics 绝对误差：absolute error 相对误差：relative error 系统误差:systematic error 可定误差:determinate error 随机误差：accidental error 不可定误差:indeterminate error 准确度：accuracy 精确度：precision 偏差：debiation, d 平均偏差：average debiation 相对平均偏差:relative average debiation 标准偏差（标准差）：standerd deviation;S 相对平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD 变异系数：coefficient of variation 误差传递：propagation of error 有效数字：significant figure 置信水平：confidence level 显著性水平：level of significance 合并标准偏差（组合标准差）：pooled standard debiation 舍弃商:rejection quotient ;Q 化学定量分析滴定分析法:titrametric analysis 滴定：titration 容量分析法:volumetric analysis 化学计量点:stoichiometric point 等当点：equivalent point 电荷平衡：charge balance 电荷平衡式：charge balance equation 质量平衡：mass balance 物料平衡：material balance 质量平衡式：mass balance equation 酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations 质子自递反应:autoprotolysis reaction 质子自递常数：autoprotolysis constant 质子条件式:proton balance equation 酸碱指示剂:acid-base indicator指示剂常数：indicator constant 变色范围：colour change interval 混合指示剂：mixed indicator 双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration 非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations质子溶剂：protonic solvent 酸性溶剂：acid solvent 碱性溶剂:basic solvent 两性溶齐Lliamphototeric solvent 无质子溶剂：aprotic solvent 均化效应：differentiating effect 区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent 离子化：ionization 离解：dissociation 结晶紫：crystal violet 蔡酚苯甲醇：a -naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol 奎哪喘红：quinadinered 百里酚蓝：thymol blue 偶氮紫：azo violet 漠酚蓝：bromophenol blue 配位滴定法：compleximetry 乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA 螯合物：chelate compound金属指示剂：metal lochrome indcator 氧化还原滴定法：oxidation-reduction titration 碘量法：iodimetry 漠量法：bromimetry ] 漠量法：bromine method 肺量法：cerimetry 高猛酸钾法:potassium permanganate method 条件电位：conditional potential 漠酸钾法：potassium bromate method 硫酸肺法：cerium sulphate method 偏高碘酸：metaperiodic acid 高碘酸盐：periodate 亚硝酸钠法：sodium nitrite method 重氮化反应:diazotization reaction 重氮化滴定法:diazotization titration 亚硝基化反应:nitrozation reaction亚硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration 夕卜指示剂：external indicator 夕卜扌旨示剂：outside indicator 重锯酸钾法：potassium dichromate method 沉淀滴定法：precipNation titration 容量滴定法:volumetric precipitation method 银量法：argentometric method 重量分析法：gravimetric analysis 挥发法:volatilization method 引湿水（湿存水）：water of hydroscopicity 包埋（藏）水：occluded water 吸入水:water of imbibition 结晶水：water of crystallization 组成水:water of composition 液■液萃取法:liquid-liquid extration 溶剂萃取法：solvent extration 反萃取：counter extraction 分配系数：partition coefficient 分配比:distribution ratio 离子对（离子缔合物）：ion pair 沉淀形式：precipitation forms 称量形式：weighing forms 仪器分析概述物理分析：physical analysis 物理化学分析：physicochemical analysis 仪器分析：instrumental analysis 电化学分析：electrochemical analysis 电解法：electrolytic analysis method 电重量法:electtogravimetry 库仑法：coulometry 库仑滴定法：coulometric titration 电导法：conductometry 电导分析法：conductometric analysis 电导滴定法：conductometric titration 电位法:potentiometry 直接电位法：dirext potentiometry 电位滴定法：potentiometric titration 伏安法：voltammetry 极谱法：polarography 溶岀法：stripping method 电流滴定法：amperometric titration 化学双电层:chemical double layer 相界电位：phase boundary potential 金属电极电位：electrode potential化学电池：chemical cell液接界面：liquid junction boundary原电池：galvanic cell电解池：electrolytic cell负极：cathrode正极：anode电池电动势：eletromotive force 扌旨示电极:indicator electrode参比电极:reference electroade标准氢电极：standard hydrogen electrode——级参比电极：primary reference electrode饱和甘汞电极：standard calomel electrode银一氯化银电极：silver silver-chloride electrode液接界面：liquid junction boundary不对称电位：asymmetry potential表观PH 值：apparent PH复合PH 电极：combination PH electrode离子选择电极：ion selective electrode敏感器：sensor晶体电极:crystalline electrodes均相膜电极：homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜电极：heterog eneous membrance electrodes非晶体电极：non- crystalline electrodes刚性基质电极：rigid matrix electrode流流体载动电极：electrode with a mobile carrier气敏电极：gas sensing electrodes酶电极：enzyme electrodes金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管：MOSFET 离子选择场效应管:ISFET总离子强度调节缓冲剂：total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB 永停滴定法：dead-stop titration双电流滴定法（双安培滴定法）：double amperometric titration普朗克常数：Plank constant电磁波谱：electromagnetic spectrum光谱：spectrum光谱分析法：spectroscopic analysis原子发身寸光谱法：atomic emission spectroscopy质量谱：mass spectrum质谱法：mass spectroscopy,MS紫外一可见分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis 肩峰：shoulder peak末端吸收：end absorbtion生色团：chromophore助色团：auxochrome红移：red shift长移：bathochromic shift 短移：hypsochromic shift 蓝（紫）移：blue shift 增色效应（浓色效应）：hyperchromic effect 减色效应（淡色效应）：hypochromic effect 强带：strong band 弱带：weak band 吸收带：absorption band 透光率：transmitance,T 吸光度：absorbance 谱带宽度：band width 杂散光：stray light 噪声：noise 暗噪声：dark noise 散粒噪声：signal shot noise 闪耀光栅：blazed grating 全息光栅：holographic graaing 光二极管阵列检测器：photodiode array detector 偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ,PLS 褶合光谱法：convolution spectrometry 褶合变换：convolution transform,CT 离散小波变换：wavelet transform,WT 多尺度细化分析：multiscale analysis 供电子取代基：electron donating group 吸电子取代基：electron with-drawing group 荧光:fluorescence 荧光分析法：fluorometryX-射线荧光分析法：X-ray fulorometry 原子荧光分析法：atomic fluorometry 分子荧光分析法：molecular fluorometry 振动弛豫：vibrational relexation 内转换：internal conversion 夕卜转换：external conversion 体系间跨越：intersystem crossing 激发光谱：excitation spectrum 荧光光谱：fluorescence spectrum 斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift 荧光寿命：fluorescence life time 荧光效率:fluorescence efficiency 荧光量子产率：fluorescence quantum yield 荧光熄灭法：fluorescence quemching method 散射光：scattering light 瑞利光：Reyleith scanttering light 拉曼光：Raman scattering light 红外线：infrared ray,IR 中红外吸收光谱：mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR 远红外光谱：Far-IR 微波谱：microwave spectrum,MV 红外吸收光谱法：infrared spectroscopy 红外分光光度法：infrared spectrophotometry 振动形式: mode of vibration 伸缩振动：stretching vibration 对称伸缩振动:symmetrical stretching vibration 不对称伸缩振动：asymmetrical stretching vibration 弯曲振动：bending vibration 变形振动：formation vibration 面内弯曲振动:in-plane bending vibration, B 剪式振动：scissoring vibration, S 面内摇摆振动：rocking vibration, P 面外弯曲振动：out-of-plane bending vibration, Y面外摇摆振动：wagging vibration, 3 蜷曲振动：twisting vibration , T 对称变形振动：symmetrical deformation vibration , S s 不对称变形振动：asymmetrical deformation vibration, 5 as 特征吸收峰:charateristic avsorption band 特征频率：characteristic frequency 相关吸收峰：correlation absorption band 杂化影响：hybridization affect 环大小效应：ring size effect 吸收峰的强度：intensity of absorption band 环折叠振动:ring prckering vibration 第十五章原子吸收分光光度法原子光谱法：atomic spectroscopy 原子吸收分光光度法：atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS 原子发射分光光度法：atomic emmsion spectrophotometry,AES 原子荧光分光光度法：atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS 核磁共振：nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR 核磁共振波谱：NMR spectrum 核磁共振波谱法：NMR spectroscopy 扫场：swept field 扫频:seept frequency 连续波核磁共振：continuous wave NMR,CW NMRFourier 变换NMR： PFT-NMR,FT-NMR二维核磁共振谱：2D-NMR质子核磁共振谱：proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR 氢谱：1H・NMR碳一13 核磁共振谱：13C-NMR spectrum, 13CNMRchromatograph y-mass自旋角 动量：spin angular momentum 磁旋 比: magnetogyric ratio 磁量子数:magnetic quantum number,m 进动:precession 弛豫历程：relaxation mechanism 局部抗磁屏蔽：local diamagnetic shielding 屏蔽常数：shielding constant 化学位移：chemical shift 国际纯粹与应用化学协会：IUPAC 磁各向异性： magnetic anisotropy 远程屏蔽效应：long range shielding effect 结面：nodal plane 自旋一自旋偶合：spin-spin coupling 自 旋一自 旋分裂：spin=spin splitting 单峰:singlet,s 双峰：doublet,d 三重峰:triplet,t 四重峰：quartet 五重峰：quintet 六重峰：sextet 偕偶:geminal coupling 邻偶:vicinal coupling 远程偶合:long range coupling 磁等价：magnetic eqivalence 自旋系统：spin system 一级光谱:first order spectrum 二级光谱（二级图谱）：second order spectrum C-H 光谱：C-H correlatedspectroscopy,C-H COSY 质谱分析法：mass spectrometry 质谱：massspectrum,MS 棒图：bar graph 选择离子检测:selected ion monitoring ,SIM 直接进样：direct probe inlet ,DPI 接 口 ： interface 气相色谱一质谱联用：gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS 高效液相色谱一质谱联用：high performance liquid spectrometry,HPLC-MS电子轰击离子源：electron impact source,El 离子峰：quasi-molecular ions 化学离子源：chemical ionization source,CI 场电离：field ionization,FI 场解析：field desorptiion,FD 快速原子轰击离子源：fast stom bombardment ,FAB 质量分析器：mass analyzer磁质谱仪： magnetic-sector mass spectrometer 四极杆质谱仪（四极质谱仪）：quadrupole mass spectrometer 原子质量单位:amu 离子丰度：ion abundance 相对丰度（相对强度）：relative avundance基峰：base peak 质量范围: mass range 分辨率：resolution 灵敏度:sensitivity 信噪比：S/N 分子离子： molecular ion 碎片离子：fragment ion 同位素离子：isotopic ion 亚稳离子：metastable ion 亚稳峰：metastable peak 母离子：paren ion 子离子：daughter 含奇数个电子的离子：odd electron 含偶数个电子的离子：even eletron,EE 均裂：homolytic cleavage 异裂（非均裂）：heterolytic cleavage 半均裂：hemi-homolysis cleavage 重排：rearragement 分子量：MW a —裂解：a -cleavage 色谱法（层析法）：chromatography 固 定相：stationary phase 流动相：mobile phase 超临界流体色谱法：SFC高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC 气相色谱法：gas chromatography,GC 液相色谱法：liquid cromatography,LC超临界流体色谱法：supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC 气■固色谱法：GSC 气■液色谱法：GLC 液■固色谱法：LSC 液■液色谱法：LLC 柱色谱法：column chromatography 填充柱：packed column 毛细管柱：capillary column 微填充柱：icrobore packed column 高效液相色谱法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC 平板色谱法：planar 平板色谱法：planechromatography 纟氏色谱法:paper chromatography 薄层色谱法：thin layer chromatography,TLC 薄膜色谱法;thiin film chomatography 毛细管电泳法:capillary electrophoresis,CE 分配色谱法：partition chromatography 吸附色谱法:adsorpion chromaography 离子交换色谱法：ion exchange chromatography,IEC 空间排阻色谱法：steric exclusion chromatography,SEC 亲和色谱法:affinity chromatography 分配系数：distribution cofficient 狭义分配系数：partitioncoefficient 凝胶色谱法：gel chromatography 凝胶渗透色谱法：gel permeation chromatography,GPC 凝胶过滤色谱法：gel filtration chromatography,GFC 渗透系数：permeation coefficien;Kp 化学键合相色谱法：chemically bonded-phase chromatography 分配系数：distribution coefficient 靛菁绿：indocyanine 气相色谱一傅立叶变换红外光谱：GC-FTIR 第十九章经典液相色谱法薄层色谱法：TLC 吸附：adsorption 活化：activation 脱活性:deactivation 交联度:degree of cross linking 交换容量：exchange capacity 薄层板：thin layer plate 展开剂I ：developing solvent,developer 临界胶束浓度：criticak micolle concentration ,CMC相对比移值：relative Rf, Rr 分离度：resolution ,R 分离数：separation number,SN 锻石膏：Gypsum 竣甲基纤维素钠：CMC-Na 吸收光谱联用：TLC-UV 薄层色谱一荧光联用：TLC-F 薄层色谱一红外吸收光谱联用：TLC-IR 薄层色谱法：TLC-MS 纸色谱法：paper chromatography 上行展开：ascending development 下行法展开：descending development 双向展开：two dimensional develoooment 气相色谱法:gas chromatography 前延峰：leading peak拖尾峰：tailing peak对称因子：symmetry factor,fs保留时间：retention time保留体积：retention volume死时间：dead time调整保留时间：asjusted retention time半峰宽：peak width at half height,W1/2 or Yl/2 峰宽：peak width,W等温线：isotherm理论塔板高度：height equivalent to atheoretical plate 化学键合相：chemically bonded phase丁二酸二乙二醇聚酯：polydiethylene glycol succinate,PDEGS,DEGS高分子多孔微球：GDX苯乙烯：STY乙基乙烯苯：EST二乙烯苯：DVB涂壁毛细管柱：wall coated open tubular column,WCOT 载体涂层毛细管柱：supprot coated open tubular column,SCOT 热导检测器：thermal conductivity detector,TCD氢焰离子化检测器：hydrogen flame ionization detector,FID 电子捕获检测器：electron capture detector ,ECD 噪声：noise,N 漂移:drift’d 灵敏度：sensitivity检测限（敏感度）:detectability,D,M分离度：resolution归一■化法:normalization method夕卜标法：external standardization高效液相色谱法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC 高速液相色谱法：high speed LC,HSLC 高压液相色谱法：high pressure LC,HPLC 高分辨液相色谱法：high resolution LC,HRLC液固吸附色谱法（液固色谱法）：liquid-solid adsorption chromatography,LSC 液液色谱法：liquid-liquid chromatography,LLC正相:normal phase,NP反才目:reversed phase,RP 化学键合相色谱法：bonded phase chromatography,BPC 十八烷基：octadecylselyl,ODS离子对色谱法：paired ion chromatography,PIC反相离子对色谱法：RPIC离子抑制色谱法：ion suppression chromatography,ISC 离子色谱法：ion chromatography,IC 手性色谱法：chiral chromatography,CC 环糊精色谱法：cyclodextrin chromatography,CDC 胶束色谱法：micellar chromatography,MC 亲和色谱法：affinity chromatography,AC 固定相：stationary phase 化学键合相：chemically bonde phase 封尾、封顶、遮盖：end capping 手性固定相：chiral stationary phase,CSP 恒组成溶剂洗脱:isocraic elution 梯度洗脱：gradient elution 紫外检测器：ultraviolet detector,UVD 荧光检测器：fluorophotomeric detector,FD 电化学检测器：ECD 示差折光检测器：RID 光电二极管检测器：photodiode array detector ,DAD 三维光谱一波谱图：3D-spectrochromatogram 蒸发光散射检测器：evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD 安培检测器：ampere detector,AD 高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electrophoresis,HPCE 淌度：mobility 电泳:electrophoresis 电渗:electroosmosis 动力进样:hydrodynamic injection 电动进样：electrokinetic injection 毛细管区带电泳法：capillary zone electrophoresis,CZE 胶束电动毛细管色谱：micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography,MECC 毛细管凝胶电泳:capillary gel electrophoresis,CGE 筛分：sieving。