电力英语阅读与翻译

第一章第一节电力系统基本结构Part 1 Basic Construction of Electric Power SystemBasic Concepts of Electric Power System电能是一种理想的能力形式，便于传输和使用，而且很清洁，对环境和大气无污染，因此自被发现以来，电能发展迅速并且利用广泛。

电能的产生、输送和消耗过程就在这一被称为电力系统的整体化系统中实现。

Electricity is an ideal energy form, which is convenient to deliver and use, and is clean without polluting our environmentand atmosphere. The generation, delivery and consumption of electricity are realized in an integrated system which is calledelectric power system or power system.一个电力系统包括三个基本部分：发电系统、输电系统和配电系统，如图1-1 所示An electric power system consists of three principal divisions: power generation, power transmission system, and powerdistribution systems, as shown in Fig.1.1图1-1 电力系统的三个基本部分用户从电力系统取用的所有电能都是在某种形式的电厂（或者称作电站）中产生的。

发电是整个电能利用过程的第一环节。

All the electricity the consumers take from the power system is generated in a power plant, or called power station, of somekind. Power generation is the first stage of the whole progress of the utilization of electric energy.输电系统连接发电和配电系统，并经过网络互连通向其他电力系统。

Section 1 Introduction 第一节介绍The modern society depends on the electricity supply more heavily than ever before.现代社会比以往任何时候对电力供应的依赖更多。

It can not be imagined what the world should be if the electricity supply were interrupted all over the world. 如果中断了世界各地的电力供应，无法想像世界会变成什么样子Electric power systems (or electric energy systems), providing electricity to the modern society, have become indispensable components of the industrial world. 电力系统（或电力能源系统），提供电力到现代社会，已成为产业界的不可缺少的组成部分。

The first complete electric power system (comprising a generator, cable, fuse, meter, and loads) was built by Thomas Edison –the historic Pearl Street Station in New York City which began operation in September 1882. 托马斯爱迪生建立了世界上第一个完整的电力系统（包括发电机，电缆，熔断器，计量，并加载）它就是位于纽约市具有历史意义的珍珠街的发电厂始于1882年9月运作。

This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius. The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system. 这是一个直流系统，由一个蒸汽发动机驱动的直流发电机其供电面积约1.5公里至59范围内的客户。

Passage 1Have you ever seen a moon that looks unbelievably big? 你曾经见过令人难以置信地大的月亮吗？1. To what do we compare the size of the harvest moon? (all of these)我们用什么与丰收月比较大小？（所有这些）2. The main purpose of the article is to( inform.)这篇文章的主要目的是（告诉。

）3. The author knew most people find the moon( mysterious.)作者知道大多数人发现月亮（神秘的）。

4. The moon looks bigger if (it is near the horizon)月亮看起来更大如果（它是在地平线附近）5. The autumn moon (helps farmers see as they harvest their crops).秋天的月亮（帮助农民看到他们收割庄稼）。

Passage 2 Strange thing happens to time when you travel. 奇怪的事情发生在你旅行的时候。

1. The best title for this selection is(How Time Changes Around the World).本文最佳的标题选择是（时间在世界各地如何改变）。

2. The difference in time between zones is (one hour).区域之间的时间差是（一小时）。

3. From this selection it seems true that the Atlantic Ocean (is divided into five time zones).从这个选择来看似乎是真的，大西洋（被划分为五个时区）。

A decrease in the field current gives rise to lagging (inductive) current in the stator; and increase in the field current that overexcites the motor causes a leading (capacitive) current to appear in the stator.励磁电流减小时，定子电流感性增强；励磁电流增加使电机过励时将在定子中产生容性电流。

An induction machine is an AC two-winding unit in which only one (primary, usually the stator) winding is supplied with an alternating current at a constant frequency ω1 from an external source.感应电机是一种具有双绕组的交流电气设备，它只有一个绕组（一次侧，通常是定子）通过外电源输入固定频率为ω1的交变电流。

Current transformers for protection are essentially similar to those used for the operation of ammeters, watthourmeters and other instruments.保护用电流互感器基本上同操作用的电流表、电能表和其他仪器类似。

DG planning also involves arranging for connection of the renewable power generator with the local grid, and for support of any local electric load when the renewable source is not available.分布式发电规划还包括安排可再生能源发电机与地方电网相连接，这样当可再生能源不可用时，本地电力负荷仍能得到支持。

阅读理解1.Windenergyhasnumerousbenefits(1)T hereasonfor[d.runout](2)W hyiswind[d.producepollution](3)W hichofthefollowingstatements[c.remotelocations](4)W hichofthefollowingisone[a.lowermaintenance](5)T hecostof[c.maintaninwind]2.Strangethinghappenstotime(1)T hebesttitle[b.theworld](2)T hedifference[c.onehour](3)F ormthis[c.timezones](4)T heinternational[c.daybegins](5)I fyoucross[a.twenty-threehours]3.Asacleanandrenewableenergy(1)W hat’sthefeature[c.energysource](2)B eforeinstalling[a.tobedone](3)A ccordingtothe[b.cellphonemasts](4)W hichoffollowingis[d.noisepollution](5)W hichofthefollowingstatements[a.windturbines]4.Doctorshaveknownfor(1)D octorshave[c.loudnoise](2)T hispassage[b.willbe….morethanonesecond](3)A ccordingtothis[c.noiseworse](4)M illionsof[d.muchaspirin](5)T hepurpose[d.whether….fromloudnoises]5.Cellphonesarenotjustdistracting(1)M anypeople[b.getclosed](2)W hatwillhappen[c.beinfluenced](3)W hatdochildren[d.dayandnight](4)W hydochildren[b.oncellphones](5)T heauthor[b.phonessometimes]6.Inourpresentlifeeverythingis(1)M anythings[b.trafficsignals](2)W hichoffollowingis[c.assignmentsquickly](3)D octorscanuse[c.manydiseases](4)W hichofthefollowingstatements[a.bycomputers](5)W hatisthe[a.people’slife]7.Whenitcomestotheadvantages(1)F oracompany’sbusiness[c.developmentprocess](2)W hatisthepurpose[d.businesssource](3)W hatisastep[b.webdesign](4)W hoisneeded[developerexpertise](5)W hatdoesspecialized[a.optimization]8.Noteverypurchasegoesasplanned(1)W henmaking[d.thirdperson](2)W hatshould[b.concise](3)W hatshouldbe[a.problem](4)W hatdoesthe[b.variouscomplaints](5)W hatmethod[a.sentinelnetwork]9.Whenmostpeoplethinkofscuba(1)U suallymost[c.tropicalwaters](2)H owcandivers[d.icefirst](3)W hatisthe[a.watersthaninotherwaters](4)W hycansome[c.themwarm](5)W hatcanbe[a.longtubesofice]10.P eopleappeartobeborntocomputer(1)W hatdoes[a.inchildren](2)F ormthepassage[b.walkandwalk](3)I nthispassage[d.objective](4)A ccordingto[a.didn’tthink](5)W hichofthe[a.andeasily]11.A newtechnologyisgoingtoripe(1)A sisindicated[b.underdevelopment](2)T henewtechnology[c.aroundtheword](3)W hatdoesthe[d.dramatic](4)F ormthepassage[a.newtechnology](5)W hichofthe[b.superconductivity:anewtechnology] 12.O nlinebanksrevolutionizedbrick-and-mortar(1)W hatshould[c.smartphones](2)O neofadvantagesof[a.onlinebanks](3)I fyouloseyou[c.cellphone](4)W hichofthe[b.theiraccount](5)W hat’sthe[c.onlinebanking]13.A lltheusefulenergyatthesurfaceof(1)T hesunis[c.atomicpower](2)R adiantenergy[a.plants](3)T hesun’senergy[c.water](4)T helargestpart[b.earth’satmosphere](5)O fthesun’stotal[d.smallportion]14.T hemarketisaconcept(1)W hichofthefollowing[b.themarket](2)A llofthe[c.nightschool](3)Y ouarebuying[d.arestaurant](4)T heword[d.concrete](5)I nwhatway[a.toproduce]15.B usinessdevelopment(BD)isa(1)W hatisthefinal[c.strategicopportunities](2)W hyisastrong[d.tosucceed](3)I fafootball[a.personsconcerned](4)W hatisimportant[b.allthedepartments](5)W hatisthepassage[c.businessdevelopment]16.“Bodyclocks”arebiological(1)A ccordingto[a.”bodyclock”](2)I rregularsigns[b.possibleillnesses](3)W etendto[d.activethen](4)T heauthor[a.atnight](5)A ccordingtothe[b.daytime]17.P lasticsarematerialswhichare(1)T heword[b.agreeable](2)I tcanbe[d.asantiues](3)W hichofthefollowingisnecessary[a.carbon](4)P lasticsthatharden[d.thermosetting](5)W hichofthefollowingisthebest[c.modernmaterial]18.W henweanalyzethesaltsalinity(1)T hispassage[b.oceanicsalinity](2)I tcanbe[c.evaporation](3)W hichofthefollowingis[c.seaice](4)W hichofthefollowingstatements[d.withtheoceanicsalinity](5)T hepurposeof[a.cold-watersalinity]19.T hescienceofmeteorologyis(1)W hichofthefollowingisthebest[c.thescienceofmereorology](2)T hepredictionsof[b.weathermaps](3)W hichofthefollowingisnot[d.sports](4)T heauthor[b.andproperty](5)I nthelast[c.andphysics]20.A swehaveseen,thefocusof(1)T odaymedicalcare[c.livinghabits](2)I nthefirst[a.notbeingill](3)T raditionally[d.ofdisease](4)A ccordingtotheauthor[b.possiblehealth](5)A ccordingtowhat[c.theirlimitations]21.P eopleinintangibleservice(1)M anyprofessionals[a.unethical](2)T rustisregardesas[b.serviceornot](3)W hatdo[d.beingbamboozled](4)W hatwillhappen[c.bedestroyed](5)W hichofthefollowing[a.tobetrusted]22.S cratchythroats,stuffynoses(1)A ccordingtotheauthor[a.theillness](2)W elearnform[d.byacoldortheflu](3)A ccordingtothepassage[c.thedisease](4)W hichofthe[b.ahightemperature](5)I fchildrenhave[a.themaspirin]23.S ignhasbecomeascientific(1)T hestudyof[a.ofalanguage](2)T hepresentgrowing[c.forthedeaf](3)A ccordingtostoke[b.agenuinelanguage](4)M osteducators[d.ofspeechsounds](5)S tokoe’sargument[d.ofthebrain]24.I tishardtotrackthebluewhale(1)T hepassage[a.detectionsystem](2)T heunderwater[d.enemyvessels](3)T hedeep-sea[d.transmittingsound](4)I tcanbe[b.civilianuse](5)W hichofthe[b.civilianscientists]25.Y ouneverseethem,but(1)W hatdoes[d.anairplane](2)W hatinformation[a.causeofthecrash](3)W hywastheblack[c.inthecrash](4)W hydid[c.easilyidentifiable](5)W hatdoweknow[a.beingrecovered]26.N ewtechnologylinkstheworld(1)W hatis[d.positive](2)W iththeincreased[c.overseasbusiness](3)I nthepassage[c.whenabroad](4)A ccordingtothepassage[b.client’slanguage](5)T headvantageof[a.negotiationprocess]27.A properlydesignedelectrical(1)W henthereis[a.producedangerousheat](2)W antwillcircuit[c.supplyimmediately](3)W hat’sthefuction[d.toothercircuits](4)T hroughelectrical[c.meteroutside](5)H owdoseacircuit[b.limitexceed]28.E veyhourthesunbeams(1)F ormthefirst[d.atechnology](2)W hatisthepercentage[c.lessthanonethousandth](3)W herecan[b.onrooftops](4)I nsolarthermal[b.heatsource](5)B ywhat[a.bymoveablemirrors]29.R esearcherssaypeopletraveling(1)T hemain[a.pollutedair](2)T hosewho[d.inacar](3)W hichofthe[d.fromvehicles](4)P eopleliving[d.lungdiseases](5)W hichof[c.heartattacks]30.C ongratulaitions.youdecisionto(1)O nwhat[c.quitsmoking](2)T hepurposeof[a.upsmoking](3)W herecan[c.association](4)W hichofthe[b.aroundyou](5)W hatisthe[d.reviewthem]31.U nwantedsound,ornoise,such(1)N oisepollution[b.lowerproductivity](2)W hichofthe[c.ofsound](3)W hereis[d.inairports](4)W hichsound[a.15000hertz](5)W hatmethod[c.earprotection]32.A smartgridincorporates(1)W hatcancustomers[d.andpattern](2)O neofthe[c.sellenergy](3)W hatcanlarger[d.demandevents](4)W hatcanasmart[a.consumptionwisely](5)W hichofthefollowing[a.introductionsmartgrid] 33.I neconomicterms,electricity(1)A nelectricity[b.sellelectricity](2)W hatistheprice[a.anddemand](3)W howillbe[b.marketoperators](4)T herestructuringof[d.gasmarkets](5)W hyis[a.topowerpricing]34.L argeairportswithlotsof(1)S everallanguages[d.internationalairports](2)H owarethe[d.arein](3)W hichairportcan[c.seatac](4)W hichofthe[a.maysufferjetlag](5)I fyouleave[b.andfound]35.E verybodyinthecityusesmobile(1)M obilephones[c.farawayplaces](2)W hatdowe[c.touse](3)W hichofthefollowingtranslations[b.aftertomorrow](4)W hydoesthewriter[c.itisuse](5)W hichofthefollowingisture[c.mobilephones]36.I nourcountry,thepowergrid(1)I nourcountry[b.+0.5hz](2)I nthepowergrid[b.+60s](3)T herunningof[d.anACsingle-phasesynchronousmotor](4)I nthepowergridwithacapacityof3000MW[a.50+0.2hz](5)T heprimary[c.50+0.1hz]37.A lltheusefulenergyatthesurface(1)T hesunisthe[c.atomicpower](2)R adiantenergy[a.plants](3)T hesun’senergy[c.water](4)T helargestpartof[b.atmosphere](5)O fthesun’stotal[d.smallportion]38.T hemarketisaconcept.(1)W hichofthefollowing[b.whatisthemarket](2)A llof[c.anightschool](3)Y ouarebuying[atarestaurant](4)T heword[d.concrete](5)I nwhatway[a.toproduce]39.N owadaysmoreandmorepeople(1)W hichofthe[d.money](2)A ccordingto[b.lesscrowded](3)L ittlecars[a.dailylife](4)A littlecaris[a.onethirdthesizeof](5)L argecars[d.purpose]40.T hetransmissionandtransformationof(1)T hefunction[a.theelectricpower](2)I nourcountry,what[d.110kvand220kv](3)I nourcountry,thespecified[c.theline…..effectivevalue](4)W hatis[d.theultra-highvoltage](5)I nourcountry,thevoltage[b.andabove]41.T hescienceofmeteorologyisconcerned(1)W hichofthefollowingisthebest[c.approaches…](2)T hepredictions[b.weathermaps](3)W hichofthefollowingisnot[d.sports](4)T heauthor[b.lifeandproperty](5)I nthelast[c.physics]42.A friendofmine,inresponse(1)T heauthor[c.wasunfair](2)S urrenderingto[d.perfectthings](3)T hesecond[c.tothelife](4)I nthelast[c.befair](5)F ormthe[a.positive]43.T hecauseofthedeclineofnorth(1)W hatdopeople[c.climaticfactors](2)T hemain[b.innorthafrica](3)W hichof[b.offorests](4)I ncreasein[b.init](5)F ormthis[a.favorable]44.I tishardtotrackthebulewhale(1)T hepassage[a.system](2)T heunderwater[d.vessels](3)T hedeep-sea[d.sound](4)I tcanbe[e](5)W hichof[b.scientists]。

A 安培ampere磁性灭弧 magnetic blowout磁滞消耗 hysteresis loss安装，固定 mount大略的 rough安装 install淬火，熄 quenching按键开关 key switch D大坝，水坝damB 把变换为convert into大功率容量 bulk-power百分比 percentage大概上 substantially摇动 swing大概的 approximately半导体 semiconductor带电 energize磅，平方英寸 psi带电导体 live conductor保险丝，熔断器 fuse弹簧 spring爆炸 explosion挡板 barrier备用，备份 back-up导电率 c onductivity备用 standby等面积 equal-area泵，泵入 pump等效电路 equivalent circuit比值比率 ratio低熔点 low-melting-point避雷 lightning shielding低位差 low head避雷器 lightning arrester抵消作用 cancellation effect编组的 marshalling底座 footing变电站 substation地线 ground wire更改 modification典型的 typical变换变换 convert电磁力 electromagnetic变压器 transformer电功率 electric power变压器油箱 tank电弧 are变质老化，变坏 deterioration电解 electrolysis标称电压 nominal voltage电抗 capacitance标么值 per unit system电抗 reactance冰雪 sleet电缆管，输水管 raceway并联赔偿 shunt compensation电离，游离 ionization不带电的 deenergized电离 ionize不行接受的 unacceptable电离反响 ionizing effect不行预示的 unpredictable电力系统 power system不足的 insufficient电流 current部署 layout电流表 ammeter部署安装 arrangement电流互感器 current transformer 步骤举措 procedure电能 electric energy部分 component电势 potentialC参照坐标reference frame电压表 voltmeter电压不足 undervoltage槽 slot电压互感器 potential transformer 测定 determine电压应力 voltage stress插座 receptacle电源 power source差分保护 differential protection电晕 corona高出 exceed电阻 resistance连续不停的 sustained电阻率 resistivity尺寸，方面 dimension定子 stator冲击 shock动触头 moving contact冲击式水轮机 impulse turbine动能 kinetic energy臭氧 ozone动向模型 dynamic model除尘器 precipitator短连续时间 short-duration触电死亡 electrocute短路 short circuit传导电流 conduction current断开 break up传动轴，轴 shaft断路器 breaker传输 delivery断路器件 circuit breaker传输电平 transmission level断续器 interrupter串连赔偿 series compensation聚积云 cumulus clouds串连绕组 series winding对称的，均匀的 symmetrical瓷绝缘子 porcelain insulator对流 convection磁场 field E额定功率rating磁场 magnetic field磁芯，死心 core二次绕组 secondary windingF 发电机generator阀valve反响堆 reactor非峰期 off-peak废气 exhaust分段 section分接 tap分解 decomposition分别的 parting峰荷 peak-load伏特 volt幅值 ,量值,振幅magnitude 辐射状的radial辐射状系统radial system辐条型的spoked协助的 auxiliary负荷密度load density负载 load附着物 attachment复杂的 complicatedG感抗inductance扰乱，阻碍interference高度海拔elevation高幅值的high-magnitude高位差 high head隔走开关disconnect switch 给馈电feed更新 update公用绕组common winding功率均衡power balance构件组件member估量 rate故障 fault封闭，断开switch out惯性 inertia惯性矩 moment of inertia光电效应photovoltaic effect 锅炉 boiler过热器 superheaterH行波traveling-wave核反响堆nuclear reactor核燃料 fissionable material恒定的 constant横臂 cross-arm互联 interconnection户外的 open-air环网系统loop system黄铜 brass火花放电隙spark gap火线 lineJ 击穿breaking down击穿 strike机械功率mechanical power 机械力 mechanical force基本负荷base-loading激发 initiate级联，串列连结tandem极，电极pole 极大地，强烈的intense极性 polarity极性变换reversal几分之一 a fraction of技术要求specification继电器 relay加长 lengthen架空电缆overhead cable尖部，端部，小费tip间隔，距离interval空隙 clearance监督监督仪monitor减少 a lleviate成立 establish沟通发电机alternator焦化 charring角动量 angular momentum角速度 angular velocity绞合的 stranded接触 contact节俭的 sparingly联合混淆combine截面 cross section介电强度dielectric strength介电系数k-factor介质 agent金属涟漪管metal bellows金属的 metallic紧迫状况emergency静触头 stationary contact静电的 electrostatic局部 in local regions局部过热local overheating巨大的 enormous聚乙烯 polyethylene绝缘 insulation绝缘带 tape绝缘漆 insulating varnish绝缘体 , 绝缘的 dielectric绝缘子 insulator绝缘子串insulatorstringK 开关设施switchgear开路 open-circuit抗拉张的tensile靠谱性 reliability可裂变的fissionable缝隙 voidL 雷电lightning雷击 lightning stroke离心力 centrifugal force离子偶 ion-pair理想的 desirable力矩 torque励磁电流field current连结的关系的associated联机，联网点on-line双重的 duplicate临界的，极限的critical邻近处 vicinity零序电流zero sequence current此外 in addition漏磁通 leakage flux漏电 creepage炉膛，焚烧室furnace裸导线 bare conductorM埋地电缆underground cable灭弧的 arc-suppressing民用的 residential敏感的 susceptible模拟计算机analog computer磨煤机 mill磨煤机 pulverizer尾端的终端的terminal母联 bus-coupler母线 busbarN内部的internal内电压 internal voltage内燃机 internal combustion engine逆弧，再次点燃电弧reignite凝汽器 c ondenserO欧姆ohmP 排定安排schedule排放 release旁路 bypass旁路位移电流 shunt displacement current 配电盘，开关屏 switchboard配电网 distribution network配电线路distribution circuit喷管 nozzle喷溅喷洒spray频闪仪 stroboscope平方 square均衡状态equilibrium state均匀负荷average load损坏性要素destructive agency破碎 ruptureQ启动initiation启动装置trigger起反响，起反作用react起作用 function气泡 bubble汽包炉筒drum汽轮发电机turbine-generator汽轮机 steam-driven turbine牵线式的guyed切断 deenergizes切换 transfer氢hydrogen消除 clear去离子效应deionizing effect去能 deenergizeR焚烧combustion扰动 disturbance绕组 winding热互换器heat exchanger热效率 thermal efficiency 人工的手动的manually日负荷曲线daily load-demand curve软导线 cord软延伸线extension cordsS 三相电three-phase三相沟通电流three phase alternating current 删除 eliminate闪光，生气花flash闪络 ,飞弧flashover设施 appliance设施 facility设施外壳enclosure射流 jet辨别，辨识distinction使成环 loop使共振，谐振resonate表示图，方式scheme表示图 schematic diagram事故电路removal of fault合用的 adaptable室，腔 chamber开释，松开断开 ,trip输出的 outgoing输电线 transmission line竖向的，垂直的vertical衰减振荡响应damped oscillatory response 水电厂 hydroelectric power plant水斗式水轮机pelton wheel水库 reservoir水龙头 kitchen faucet水轮机 hydraulic turbine瞬时的 momentarily刹时额定值momentary rating刹时功率instantaneous power瞬态稳固度transient stability伺服机构，追踪装置servomechanism随时刹时from minute to minute所规定的prescribedT 炭化char套管 bushing特色，特色feature特色特征characteristic代替代替supersede调动员 dispatcher调动 transpose调理器 regulator铁壳的 metal-clad停断 cease停电 outage通风 ventilation通风管 stack通路 corridor同步 synchronism同步转速synchronous speed同时的 simultaneous铜损 copper loss凸极式转子salient pole rotor图，简图diagram图讲解明illustrate退火 annealingW曲折flex完整的 radically网孔 mesh网络系统network system危害 damage危险 hazard微秒 microsecond维修检修maintenance尾沟渠 tail race稳固的 stable稳态条件steady-state condition涡流 eddy current涡流消耗eddy current loss涡轮机 turbine蜗壳 spiral casing污染 contaminate没法使用的inoperative无功功率表varmeter不论何种原由for any reason无刷励磁brushless excitation无损失 lossless无穷长母线infinite busX 熄灭extinguish显示测定sense现象 phenomena线圈 coil线性的 linearly相角 phase angle相量 phasor相邻的 adjacent向中心，向内inward谐波的 harmonic泄漏 spilling星形连结wye-connected星型轮 spider悬挂 suspension旋转转动rotationY 烟囱chimney阳极塔 positive遥控 remote control叶片 blade一次绕组primary winding一捆 bundle一匝线圈turn已电离的ionized以速度at r ate以热离子形式thermionically异样的，不规则的 a bnormal易熔的 fusible阴极辉点cathode spot引入的 incoming引入线箱service(entrance) box应用，使用application永远的 permanent用电设施utilization equipment油浸纸介质oil-impregnated paper 有功功率表wattmeter有益的 advantageous有气空的porous 有时 on occasion余量 excess与同相位in phase with预示到 anticipate原动机 prime云母 micaZ 匝数比turns ratio再热器 reheater在某些状况下in some cases临时的 temporary真空 vacuum振荡 oscillation蒸发，气化evaporate蒸馏 extract正极阳极anode正弦波 sinusoid正弦的 sinusoidal正弦稳态sinusoidal steady state支撑构造supporting structure直径 diameter直流沟通回路dc/ac circuit值得考虑的相当大的considerable 值守值班station滞后 lag置入，嵌入embed中间的 intermediate中性点 ,中性线neutral重合闸 reclosing重要的主要的significant四周 periphery轴axis转而。

P 1 Have you ever seen a moon that looks unbelievably big?1.To what do we compare the size of the harvest moon? (all of these)2.The main purpose of the article is to( inform.)3.The author knew most people find the moon( mysterious.)4.The moon looks bigger if (it is near the horizon)5.The autumn moon (helps farmers see as they harvest their crops).你见过月亮看起来非常大？1、我们比较一下收获的月亮的大小吗？（所有这些）2。

这篇文章的主要目的是（通知。

）3。

作者知道大多数人都找到了月亮（神秘的）。

4月亮看起来更大（它是在地平线附近）5、秋天的月亮（帮助农民看到他们收割庄稼）。

P 2 Strange thing happens to time when you travel.1.The best title for this selection is(How Time Changes Around the World).2.The difference in time between zones is (one hour).3.From this selection it seems true that the Atlantic Ocean (is divided into five time zones).4.The international date line is the name for( the point where a new day begins).5.If you cross the ocean going east, you set you clock (ahead one hour in each new time zone).奇怪的事情发生在你旅行的时候。

【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】Passage 1 Have you ever seen a moon that looks unbelievably big?1.To what do we (all of these)2.The main purpose inform.3.The author mysterious.4.The moon looks it is near the horizon5.The autumn moon helps farmers seePassage 2 Strange thing happens to time when you travel.1.The best title How Time Changes Around the World.2.The difference is one hour.3.From this selection is divided into five time zones.4.The international the point where a new day begins.5.If you cross the ahead one hour in each new time zone.Passage 3 The diner is only a humble restaurant, but it has a special place in American life.1.What’s the main idea of paragraph 2? The attraction of different people.2.The purpose of the last paragraph is to give a summary of the wholepassage.3.Why do truck drivers like a diner?It’s a haven against loneliness.4.Diners rattact many different kinds of people.5.Diners are fascinating.Passage 4 Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises 1.Doctors have long known tha t one may lose his hearing when he hears aterribly loud noise.2.This passage suggests that one’s hearing will be damaged even if he hasheard a loud noise for only little more than one second.3.According to this passage, one conclusion you can draw is that aspirinmakes hearing damage from loud noise worse.lions of Americans are in danger of suffering hearing loss because theytake too much aspirin.5.The purpose of the experiment the American scientist did was to findwhether aspirin would increase the temporary hearing damage from loud noises.Passage 5Just two months ago, Ana, a teenager, was preparing for1.Ana realizes that she must do well on the exam .2.Ana has been studying English for seven years.3.Ana experiences difficulty with the professor’s lecture s.4.Ana tells the interviewers about her family.5.The best main idea for the first paragraph is Ana comes through with flyingcolorsPassage6 Any mistake made in the printing of a stamp raises its value to stamp collectors.1.A postage stamp’s value to colle ctors is raised if a mistake is made in theprinting.2.In 1847 most countries of the world were not yet using postage stamps.3.In 1847, the mistake on the locally printed postage stamps was in thewording4.＄16800 is the collector’s value of the Twopenny Blue.5.The valuable stamps were designed by British printers.Passage 7 The communications explosion is on the scale of the rail, automobile or telephone1.By saying that he takes may images of his children, the author wants todisplay the influence of communications on life .2.The author most probably thinks the communications dust is amazing.3.Which of the following statements about the low-orbit satellites is true?The low-orbit satellites would replace towers and poles functionally.4.According to the passage, an optical-fiber audio-video link can enable us totalk and see each other no matter where we are.5.The phrase “each one”(Line2, para.5) can be best replaced by each car. Passage 8 J apan is getting tough about recycling-and not in the paper andplastic kind of way.1.According to the present regulations of Japan, the recycling of paper andplastic will be the responsibility of the consumers.2.Which of the following is NOT the character of plastics? It retains itsoriginal strength through reprocessing.3.According to the passage, the term “plastic sandwich” refers to a kind ofplastics with different integration in each layer.4.In the passage, it is implied but NOT stated that 21-inch TV withmagnesium case isn’t very popular so far.5.The author writes this passage in order to inform.Passage 9 A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were having about the injustice1.The author thought of his friend’s question as a good one because like hisfriend, he also thought life was unfair.2.Surrendering to the fact that life isn’t fair will make us know it’s ourduty to perfect things.3.The second paragraph of the passage mainly discusses it’s nice to acceptthe injustice of life.4.In the last paragraph, “this very basic fact” refers to the fact that lifeisn’t and won’t be fair.5.From the passage, we can learn that the author’s attitude to life ispositive.Passage 10 People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so1.What does the passage mainly discuss? The development of mathematicalability in children.2.2.From the passage we can know that children begin to master simplecounting soon after they learn to walk and talk.3.In this passage the author’s attitude towards “children’s numerica lskills” is objective.4.According to the study of psychology, children didn’t think that quantityis unchanged as water pours from one glass to another with a different shape.5.Which of the following statements would be the author most likelydisapprove of? Children learn mathematics naturally and easily. Passage 11 A new technology is going to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives,1.As is indicated in the passage, the technology of superconductivity is stillunder development2.The new technology differs from the others in that it is being cultivated inresearch labs around the world .3.What does the author most probably think of the changes the newtechnology will bring to the world?Dramatic.4.From the passage, we may conclude that Asian scientists gain the lead inthe growth of the new technology.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? Superconductivity: A New Technology.Passage12 People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot,1.The word “repulsive” most probably means “disgusting”2.We can infer from the second paragraph that when collecting the snails, theauthor was angry because they might damage his beloved plants.3.The author finds that snails are the most controversial food4.The best title of this passage might be “One Man’s Meat is AnotherMan’s Poison “5.As indicated in the passage , people love different foods mainly becauseThey learn to eat certain foods in their families.Passage13 All the useful energy at the surface of the earth comes from the activity of the sun.1.The sun is the source of all of the following EXCEPT atomic power.2.Radiant energy is stored as carbon compounds by plants.3. The sun’s energy provides us with all EXCEPT water4.The largest part of the light energy directed towards the earth is absorbed by the earth’satmosphere5.Of the sun’s total output of radiant energy,the earth receives a very small portionPassage14 The market is a concept .If you are growing tomatoes in you backyard for sale you66.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? B what’s the market?67.All of the following acts are producing for the market EXCEPT attending a night school68.You are buying from the market when you dine at a restaurant69.The word “real ”in the last paragraph may most probably mean concrete70.In what way is the market very real for eacj person or businessmen who is making and selling something? It tells you what to producePassage15 X-rays were first discovered by a German scientist, Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen,in 1985,1.what puzzled Rontgen one day during his experiment was some radiation coming through the covered tube.2.The screen didn’t stop glowing even when it was moved to the next room3.Rontgen put his hand between the rays and a photographic plate in order to find out more about the rays4.The rays proved to be incapable of passing through bone5.From the passage ,we know X-rays are invisiblePassage16 Body clocks1.According to the passage, one can help maintain balance in the “body clock”2.Irregular signs shown by “body clock” may serve as a warning of possible illnesses3.We tend to do physical exercise early in the afternoon because our body is most active ten4.The author suggests that the best time to study is at nigh t5.According to the passage we are most likely to day-dream every hour in the day time.Passage17 Plastic are materials which are softened by heat san set into lasting form1.The word “sympathetic”in paragraph 2 most probably means agreeable.2.It can be concluded from this passage that plastics are cheap as antiques3.Which of the following is necessary to create any type of plastics? Carbon4.Plastics that harden into permanent shapes are called thermosetting.5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? The Development of plastics as an Modern MPassage18 When we analyze the salt salinity of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly1.This passage mainly tells us about The causes of the variation in oceanic salinity.2.It can be inferred from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean waters is caused by evaporation.3.Which of the following is not that cause of the decrease in the oceanic salinity? Formation of sea ice.4.Which of the following statements is true according to the whole passage? The temperature of the water has much to do with the oceanic salinity.5.The purpose of mentioning the Weddell Sea is to give an example of cold-water salinity.Passage19 The science of meteorology is concerned with the study of the structure ,1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? Approaches to the Science of Meteorology.2.The predictions of synoptic meteorologists are directly based on thepreparation and study of weather maps.3.Which of the following is not referred to be the author as a field whose needs are served by weather forecasting? Sports4.The author implies that increased accuracy in weather forecasting will lead to greater protection of human life and property.5.In the last sentence of the passage ,the phrase “these tools”refers to mathematics and physicsPassage20 As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from1.Today medical care is placing more stress on removing people’s bad living habits.2.In the first paragraph, people are reminded that good health is more than not being ill.3.Traditionally, a person is considered” well” if he is free from any kind of disease.4.According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people to strive to maintain the best possible health.5.According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy? People who try to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations.Passage21 If you want to teach your children how to say sorry , you must be good at1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology, the child may feel that he owes her an apology.2.According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you ‘re upset”most probably means “I’m aware you’re upset, but I’m not to blame”3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because it is vague and ineffective4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry their ages should be taken into account.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is not as simple at it seemsPassage22 Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able1.According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help shorten the duration of the illness.2.We learn from the passage that over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery cause by a cold or the flu.3.According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, one should take medicine upon catching the disease.4.Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?A high temperature5.If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents are advised not to give them aspirin.Passage23 Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists1. The study of sign language is thought to be a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language.2.The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by an English teacher in a university for the deaf.3.According to Stokoe, sign language is a genuine language4.Most educators objected to Stokoe’s idea because they thought a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds.5.Stokoe’s argument is based on his belief that language is a product of the brain.Passage24 It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, which has almost1.The passage is chiefly about the civilian use of a military detection system.2.The underwater listening system was originally designed to trace and locate enemy vessels.3.The deep-sea listening system makes use of the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound.4.It can be inferred from the passage that military technology has great potential in civilian use5. Which of the following is true about the U.S Navy underwater listening network? It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.Passage25 You never see them , but they’re with you every time you fly. They record1.What dose the author say about the black box? It is an indispensable device in an airplane2.What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner? Date for analyzing the cause of the crash.3.Why was the black box redesign in 1965? The early models often got damaged in the crash.4.Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow? To makethem easily identifiable.5.What do we know about the black boxer from Air France Flight 447? There is still a good chance of their being recovered.Passage26 New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk .It’s now1.What is the author’s attitude toward high-teach communications equipment? Positive2.With the increased use of high-teach communications equipment, businesspeople are attaching more importance to their overseas business.3.In this passage, “out of sight and out of main” (lines2-3,part.3) probably means missing opportunities for promotion when abroad4.According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?Ability to speak the client’s language.5.The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can better control the whole negotiation process.Passage27 A properly designed electricalsystem1.when there is some Produce dangerous heat2.Want will circuit breaks It will cut the electrity3.What’s the function of To supply electrity4.Through electrity wiring The electrity meteroutside5.How does a circuit breaker It cuts off electrity supplyPassage28 Every hour the sun beams onto earth1.From the first a technology2.What is the percentage of Less than one thousandth3.Where can photovoltaic cells on rooftops4.In solar thermal power as a heat source5.By what can the sun’s By moveable mirrorsPassage29 Researchers say people traveling1.The main reason A polluted air2.Those who would be women driving in a car3.Which of the following Pollutants from vehicles4.People living near highways more likely to die5.Which of the following Traffic and Heart AttacksPassage30Congratulations. Your decision to stop1.On what does the author On the deciding to quit2.The purpose of the supporting help smokers give up smoking3.Where can people get further From the national newspapers4.Which of the following is a factor Care about the people around you5.What is the author’s opinion about To write down their reasons and always Passage31Unwanted sound,or noise,such as that1.Noise pollution can lower productivity2.Which of the following is the main factor lntensity of sound3.Where is the noise pollution most serious ln airports阅读理解4.Which sound can most people’s ears pick up sound of 15000hertz5.What method is suitable for noise protection wearing ear protection Passage32A smart grid incorporates consumer equipment1.What can customers know through Their electrical consumption and pattern2.One of the advantages of smart grid is customers can save and even sell energy3.What can larger commercial bussiness They can provide power during peak4.What can a smart grid help customers to do To manage their enery consumption wisely5.Which of the following would be Introduction of Smart GridPassage33 In economic terms,electrity is a commodity.An electrity market is a system buy or sell electricity2.What is the price set for short term The principles of supply and damand3.Who will be responsible for managerment Marker operators4.The restuctcring of electic power system is the restructuring of natural gas markets5.Why is Chilean model considered successful Because it has solved several structural problemsPassage34 Large airports with lots of international traffic have employees1.Several languages are spoken to guide passengers in Mang large internationalairports2.How are the airports named in the US? Sometimes they are named after the city they are in3.Which airport can be found in Seattle? Seatac4.Which of the foiiowing statements is True After a long flight of time zones your may5.If you leave your things in the airport,you can the lost and found【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】。

阅读理解1.Wind energy has numerous benefits(1)The reason for[ out](2)Why is wind[ pollution](3)Which of the following statements[ locations](4)Which of the following is one[ maintenance](5)The cost of[ wind]2.Strange thing happens to time(1)The best title[ world](2)The difference[ hour](3)F orm this[ zones](4)The international[ begins](5)If you cross[ hours]3.As a clean and renewable energy(1)What’s the feature[ source](2)Before installing[ be done](3)According to the[ phone masts](4)Which of following is[ pollution](5)Which of the following statements[ turbines] 4.Doctors have known for(1)Doctors have[ noise](2)This passage[ be….more than one second](3)According to this[ worse](4)M illions of[ aspirin](5)The purpose[….from loud noises]5.Cell phones are not just distracting(1)M any people[ closed](2)What will happen[ influenced](3)What do children[ and night](4)Why do children[ cell phones](5)The author[ sometimes]6.In our present life everything is(1)M any things[ signals](2)Which of following is[ quickly](3)Doctors can use [ diseases](4)Which of the following statements[ computers](5)What is the[’s life]7.When it comes to the advantages(1)F or a company’s business[ process](2)What is the purpose[ source](3)What is a step[ design](4)Who is needed[developer expertise](5)What does specialized[]8.Not every purchase goes as planned(1)When making[ person](2)What should[](3)What should be[](4)What does the[ complaints](5)What method[ network]9.When most people think of scuba(1)Usually most[ waters](2)How can divers[ first](3)What is the[ than in other waters](4)Why can some[ warm](5)What can be[ tubes of ice]10.P eople appear to be born to computer(1)What does[ children](2)F orm the passage[ and walk](3)In this passage[](4)According to[’t think](5)Which of the[ easily]11.A new technology is going to ripe(1)As is indicated[ development](2)The new technology[ the word](3)What does the[](4)F orm the passage[ technology](5)Which of the[:a new technology]12.Online banks revolutionized brick-and-mortar(1)What should[ phones](2)One of advantages of[ banks](3)If you lose you[ phone](4)Which of the[ account](5)What’s the[ banking]13.All the useful energy at the surface of(1)The sun is[ power](2)Radiant energy[](3)The sun’s energy[](4)The largest part[’s atmosphere](5)Of the sun’s total[ portion]14.The market is a concept(1)Which of the following[ market](2)All of the[ school](3)Y ou are buying[ restaurant](4)The word [](5)In what way[ produce]15.Business development(BD) is a(1)What is the final[ opportunities](2)Why is a strong[ succeed](3)If a football[ concerned](4)What is important[ the departments](5)What is the passage[ development]16.“Body clocks”are biological(1)According to[a.”body clock”］(2)Irregular signs[ illnesses](3)We tend to[ then](4)The author[ night](5)According to the[ time]17.Plastics are materials which are(1)The word[](2)It can be[ antiues](3)Which of the following is necessary[](4)Plastics that harden[](5)Which of the following is the best[ material]18.When we analyze the salt salinity(1)This passage[ salinity](2)It can be[](3)Which of the following is[ ice](4)Which of the following statements[ the oceanic salinity](5)The purpose of[ salinity]19.The science of meteorology is(1)Which of the following is the best[ science of mereorology](2)The predictions of[ maps](3)Which of the following is not[](4)The author[ property](5)In the last[ physics]20.As we have seen,the focus of(1)T oday medical care[ habits](2)In the first[ being ill](3)T raditionally [ disease](4)According to the author[ health](5)According to what[ limitations]21.P eople in intangible service(1)M any professionals[](2)T rust is regardes as[ or not](3)What do [ bamboozled](4)What will happen[ destroyed](5)Which of the following[ be trusted]22.S cratchy throats,stuffy noses(1)According to the author[ illness](2)We learn form[ a cold or the flu](3)According to the passage[ disease](4)Which of the[ high temperature](5)If children have[ aspirin]23.S ign has become a scientific(1)The study of[ a language](2)The present growing[ the deaf](3)According to stoke[ genuine language](4)M ost educators[ speech sounds](5)S tokoe’s argument[ the brain]24.It is hard to track the blue whale(1)The passage[ system](2)The underwater[ vessels](3)The deep-sea[ sound](4)It can be[ use](5)Which of the[ scientists]25.Y ou never see them,but(1)What does[ airplane](2)What information[ of the crash](3)Why was the black[ the crash](4)Why did[ identifiable ](5)What do we know[ recovered]26.New technology links the world(1)What is [](2)With the increased[ business](3)In the passage[ abroad](4)According to the passage[’s language](5)The advantage of[ process]27.A properly designed electrical(1)When there is[ dangerous heat](2)Want will circuit[ immediately](3)What’s the fuction[ other circuits](4)Through electrical[ outside](5)How dose a circuit[ exceed]28.E vey hour the sun beams(1)F orm the first[ technology](2)What is the percentage[ than one thousandth](3)Where can[ rooftops](4)In solar thermal[ source](5)By what[ moveable mirrors]29.Researchers say people traveling(1)The main[ air](2)Those who[ a car](3)Which of the[ vehicles](4)People living[ diseases](5)Which of[ attacks]30.decision to(1)On what[ smoking](2)The purpose of[ smoking](3)Where can[](4)Which of the[ you](5)What is the[ them]31.Unwanted sound,or noise,such(1)Noise pollution[ productivity](2)Which of the[ sound](3)Where is[ airports](4)Which sound[ hertz](5)What method[ protection]32.A smart grid incorporates(1)What can customers[ pattern](2)One of the[ energy](3)What can larger[ events](4)What can a smart[ wisely](5)Which of the following[ smart grid] 33.In economic terms,electricity(1)An electricity[ electricity](2)What is the price[ demand](3)Who will be[ operators](4)The restructuring of [ markets](5)Why is[ power pricing]34.L arge airports with lots of(1)S everal languages[ airports](2)How are the[ in](3)Which airport can [](4)Which of the[ suffer jet lag](5)If you leave[ found]35.E verybody in the city uses mobile(1)M obile phones[ places](2)What do we[ use](3)Which of the following translations[ tomorrow](4)Why does the writer[ is use](5)Which of the following is ture[ phones]36.In our country,the power grid(1)In our country[b.+](2)In the power grid[b.+60s](3)The running of[ AC single-phase synchronous motor](4)In the power grid with a capacity of 3000MW[+](5)The primary[+]37.All the useful energy at the surface(1)The sun is the [ power](2)Radiant energy[](3)The sun’s energy[](4)The largest part of[](5)Of the sun’s total[ portion]38.The market is a concept.(1)Which of the following[ is the market](2)All of [ night school](3)Y ou are buying[at a restaurant](4)The word[](5)In what way[ produce]39.Nowadays more and more people(1)Which of the[](2)According to[ crowded](3)Little cars[ life](4)A little car is[ third the size of](5)Large cars[]40.The transmission and transformation of(1)The function[ electric power](2)In our country,what[ and 220kv](3)In our country,the specified[ line…..effective value](4)What is[ ultra-high voltage](5)In our country,the voltage[ above]41.The science of meteorology is concerned(1)Which of the following is the best[…］(2)The predictions[ maps](3)Which of the following is not[](4)The author[ and property](5)In the last[]42.A friend of mine,in response(1)The author[ unfair](2)S urrendering to[ things](3)The second[ the life](4)In the last[ fair](5)F orm the[]43.The cause of the decline of north(1)What do people[ factors](2)The main[ north africa](3)Which of [ forests](4)Increase in[ it](5)F orm this []44.It is hard to track the bule whale(1)The passage[](2)The underwater[](3)The deep-sea[](4)It can be[](5)Which of[]。

电力专业英语阅读与翻译第一课一、Summary of glossary 术语1.电力系统(electric) power systempower generation 发电transmission system(network) 输电系统(网络)distribution system 配电系统2.发电power generationpower plant 发电厂powerhouse 发电站hydropower plant 水力发电厂nuclear plant 核电厂thermal plant 热电厂fossil-power plant火电厂3.负荷分类load classificationindustrial loads 工业负荷residential loads 居民负荷commercial loads 商业负荷4.拓扑结构system topologyradial system 辐射状系统loop system 环状系统network system 网状系统二、Wording-buildingGeneral Introduction 专业英语词汇和构词方法简介专业词汇的形成主要有三种情况：1.借用日常英语词汇或其他学科的专业词汇，但是词义和词性可能发生了明显的变化。

例如：在日常英语中表示“力量、权力”和在机械专业表示“动力”的power，数学上表示“幂”，在电力专业领域可以仍作为名词，表示“电力、功率、电能”；也可以作为动词，表示“供以电能”。

在日常英语中表示“植物”的plant，在电力专业领域中用来表示“电厂”等。

2.由日常英语词汇或其他学科的专业词汇，直接合成新的词汇。

例如：over和head组合成overhead，表示“架空（输电线）”；super和conductor 合成superconductor，表示“超导体”等。

3.由基本词根和前缀或后缀组成新的词汇。

大部分专业词汇属于这种情况。