备考2019中考英语 短语大汇总

中考复习之词汇运用词汇运用题：考查学生对单词的拼写能力，以及词形变化、测试内容以实词为主，虚词为辅。

做好这类题，一般应遵循下面几个步骤：第一步读懂句意，判断词性；第二步确定词形；第三步核对答案。

名词：单数、复数、所有格、大写；动词：时态、语态、非谓语动词形式；（一般现在时用三单；已经有动词用非谓语）形容词：原级、比较级、最高级；（“的”）副词：原级、比较级、最高级；（“地”）代词：不定代词、主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词；数词：基数词、序数词（first, second, third, fourth, fifth）冠词：a / an / the （首次提到用a / an；特指用the）连词：and，but，or，because，so，when，where，before，after，if…介词：at，by，to，in，for，of，on，from，with…中考复习之选词填空二、选词填空解题注意事项1．先对备选词汇的词性作简单标记，如名词(n.)、动词(v.)、形容词(adj.)、副词(adv.)等。

同时对词义做初步的理解。

2．根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意固定搭配，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。

3．填词过程中注意词形的变化。

既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。

为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意；“名词”单复数要牢记，还有“'s”不能弃；“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意三种级；要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”；填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。

4．完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。

检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、习惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。

最后填答案时，切勿错位。

中考复习之语法填空步骤：1.快速浏览，了解大意。

对于简单有把握的空，可以先填出来；2.上下查看，填出答案。

根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；3.通读全文，检查确认。

2019中考英语精华知识点汇总为大家整理了中考必考的一些重难点知识的汇总，希望大家可以提前看一看，减轻学习上的压力。

一．英语语法重点与难点1、as…as…结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。

You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom.2、(1)too…to与so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：The man was too angry to be able to speak.The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.(2) too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换：He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book is not easy enough for me to read.3、形容词原级表示比较级含义：约翰不象迈克那么苯。

John is not so stupid as Mike.John is less stupid than Mike.John is cleverer than Mike.4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。

John is taller than any other boy in the class.John is the tallest boy in the class.5、the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”:The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.The more food you eat, the fatter you are.6、more and more….表示“越来……越……”:More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.Our country is getting stronger and stronger.二．中考考点—词组1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?如:She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中如:She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走2. how long, how often, how soonhow long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次。

2019 中考英语：动词不定式短语归纳+练习含答案常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结.固定用法(非谓语动词)：一．以下是带to 的动词不定式常见搭配★希望做某事hope to do sth.★决定做某事decide to do sth.★同意做某事agree to do sth.★需要某人做某事need to do sth.★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do★准备做某事get/be ready to do★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth★计划做某事plan to do sth.★不得不have to do★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth.★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.★希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.★想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth.★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth.★教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.★喜欢/想要某人做某事like sb. to do sth.★帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do★encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做★It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事★It’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了★★It’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……（当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of）例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.★It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike.★too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能例: He was too angry to say a word.★find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是… 例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.★序数词+to do 第…..个做某事例句:Who is the first to get there?★我不知/忘记了怎么办。

2019年中考英语必备短语背诵精华(名师精选必考英语短语，值得下载打印背诵)关于go的常用短语：go after 追求, 设法获得go on 继续go on with 继续(后加名词)go against 反对,违背go ahead 向前,干吧,说吧,用吧go by 从旁经过go down下降,倒下go up上涨go in for 酷爱go over 走过去,温习go through仔细查看, 浏览,翻阅,通过go wrong出毛病, go out出去,熄灭go around到处去,传开go swimming去游泳goes on继续；持续go to school去上学go to bed上床睡觉goes home回家go out for a walk出去散步go away走开goes down降落go back回去go on with继续做某事go a little way v.不大有作用, 走一点点路go a long way v.大有帮助, 走了一大段路, 采取主动go about v.着手做, 从事, 走动, 传开go across 走过5、go after v.追逐, 追求go against v.反对, 违反, 不利于go against the stream v.逆流而行, 反潮流go ahead v.前进go all lengths v.竭尽全力go all out v.全力以赴go all the way v.完全一致go along v.前进, 进行, 赞同, 支持go along with v.一起去, 赞同, 附和go at v.扑向, 着手干, 尽全力干关于take的常用短语：take after（外貌）相像take apart 拆卸，拆开take away 减去take down 写下，记下take for 把...误认为take in欺骗；吸收，吸纳take off 起飞；匆匆离开；脱下take on 承担；呈现；开始雇佣take over 接收，接管take to 喜欢，开始从事take pictures照相take care of 照顾，照料take up 开始从事，着手处理take it easy 别紧张关于have的常用短语：have a good time 过得愉快have had it 吃够了无希望have at 打击攻击have it (all) over sb. 胜过某人have it in for sb. 对某人怀有敌意have it on sb. 占某人的上风have it out (with sb.)决一雌雄have only to...to...只要。

2019届中考英语重点词组复习unit 1 how do you study for a test ?1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不2 end up 结束3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错4 later on 随后 5 be afraid to dosth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕…… 6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人7 takenotes=write down the notes 做笔记8 make up 组成9 deal with=do with 处理10 be angry with 对……感到生气11 go by （时间）过去、消逝 timegoes by. 时间流逝try one’s best to do sth 尽力做谋事13 break off 突然终止14 make/useflashcards 制作使用抽认卡15 make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说play the cd tooloud 把cd放开大声sweep the floor clean 把地板扫干净17 practice the pronunciation 练习发音18 get thepronunciation right =pronounce right发音准确345678910111314151617181920222324252627282930313233343536373839 40414243444546474849505152535455565758596061622019-10-17unit 1 how do you study for a test ?1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不2 end up 结束3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错4 later on 随后 5 be afraid to dosth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕…… 6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人7 takenotes=write down the notes 做笔记8 make up 组成9 deal with=do with 处理10 be angry with 对……感到生气11 go by （时间）过去、消逝 timegoes by. 时间流逝try one’s best to do sth 尽力做谋事13 break off 突然终止14 make/useflashcards 制作使用抽认卡15 make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说play the cd tooloud 把cd放开大声sweep the floor clean 把地板扫干净17 practice the pronunciation 练习发音18 get thepronunciation right =pronounce right发音准确345678910111314151617181920222324252627282930313233343536373839 40414243444546474849505152535455565758596061622019-10-17unit 1 how do you study for a test ?1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不2 end up结束 3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错4 later on 随后 5 be afraid to dosth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕…… 6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人7 takenotes=write down the notes 做笔记8 make up 组成9 deal with=do with 处理10 be angry with 对……感到生气11 go by （时间）过去、消逝 timegoes by. 时间流逝try one’s best to do sth 尽力做谋事13 break off 突然终止14 make/useflashcards 制作使用抽认卡15 make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说play the cd tooloud 把cd放开大声sweep the floor clean 把地板扫干净17 practice the pronunciation 练习发音18 get thepronunciation right =pronounce right发音准确345678910111314151617181920222324252627282930313233343536373839 40414243444546474849505152535455565758596061622019-10-17unit 1 how do you study for a test ?1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不2 end up 结束3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错4 later on 随后 5 be afraid to dosth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕…… 6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人7 takenotes=write down the notes 做笔记8 make up 组成9 deal with=do with 处理10 be angry with 对……感到生气11 go by （时间）过去、消逝 timegoes by. 时间流逝try one’s best to do sth 尽力做谋事13 break off 突然终止14 make/useflashcards 制作使用抽认卡15 make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说play the cd tooloud 把cd放开大声sweep the floor clean 把地板扫干净17 practice the pronunciation 练习发音18 get thepronunciation right =pronounce right发音准确345678910111314151617181920222324252627282930313233343536373839 40414243444546474849505152535455565758596061622019-10-17unit 1 how do you study for a test ?1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不2 end up 结束3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错4 later on 随后 5 be afraid to dosth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕…… 6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人7 takenotes=write down the notes 做笔记8 make up 组成9 deal with=do with 处理10 be angry with 对……感到生气11 go by （时间）过去、消逝 timegoes by. 时间流逝try one’s best to do sth 尽力做谋事13 break off 突然终止14 make/useflashcards 制作使用抽认卡15 make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说play the cd tooloud 把cd放开大声sweep the floor clean 把地板扫干净17 practice the pronunciation 练习发音18 get thepronunciation right =pronounce right发音准确345678910111314151617181920222324252627282930313233343536373839 40414243444546474849505152535455565758596061622019-10-17unit 1 how do you study for a test ?1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不2 end up 结束3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错4 later on 随后 5 be afraid to dosth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕…… 6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人7 takenotes=write down the notes 做笔记8 make up 组成9 deal with=do with 处理10 be angry with对……感到生气11 go by （时间）过去、消逝 timegoes by. 时间流逝try one’s best to do sth 尽力做谋事13 break off 突然终止14 make/useflashcards 制作使用抽认卡15 make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说play the cd tooloud 把cd放开大声sweep the floor clean 把地板扫干净17 practice the pronunciation 练习发音18 get thepronunciation right =pronounce right发音准确345678910111314151617181920222324252627282930313233343536373839 40414243444546474849505152535455565758596061622019-10-17unit 1 how do you study for a test ?1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不2 end up 结束3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错4 later on 随后 5 be afraid to dosth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕…… 6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人7 takenotes=write down the notes 做笔记8 make up 组成9 deal with=do with 处理10 be angry with 对……感到生气11 go by （时间）过去、消逝 timegoes by. 时间流逝try one’s best to do sth 尽力做谋事13 break off 突然终止14 make/useflashcards 制作使用抽认卡15 make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说play the cd tooloud 把cd放开大声sweep the floor clean 把地板扫干净17 practice the pronunciation 练习发音18 get thepronunciation right =pronounce right发音准确345678910111314151617181920222324252627282930313233343536373839 40414243444546474849505152535455565758596061622019-10-17unit 1 how do you study for a test ?1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不2 end up 结束3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错4 later on 随后 5 be afraid to dosth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕…… 6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人7 takenotes=write down the notes 做笔记8 make up 组成9 deal with=do with 处理10 be angry with 对……感到生气11 go by （时间）过去、消逝 timegoes by. 时间流逝try one’s best to do sth 尽力做谋事13 break off 突然终止14 make/useflashcards 制作使用抽认卡15 make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说play the cd tooloud 把cd放开大声sweep the floor clean 把地板扫干净17 practice the pronunciation 练习发音18 get thepronunciation right =pronounce right发音准确345678910111314151617181920222324252627282930313233343536373839 40414243444546474849505152535455565758596061622019-10-17unit 1 how do you study for a test ?1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不2 end up 结束3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错4 later on 随后 5 be afraid to dosth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕…… 6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人7 takenotes=write down the notes 做笔记8 make up 组成9 deal with=do with 处理10 be angry with 对……感到生气11 go by （时间）过去、消逝 timegoes by. 时间流逝try one’s best to do sth 尽力做谋事13 break off 突然终止14 make/useflashcards 制作使用抽认卡15 make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说play the cd tooloud 把cd放开大声sweep the floor clean 把地板扫干净17 practice the pronunciation 练习发音18 get thepronunciation right =pronounce right发音准确345678910111314151617181920222324252627282930313233343536373839 40414243444546474849505152535455565758596061622019-10-17unit 1 how do you study for a test ?1 not at all =not in the slightest 根本不2 end up 结束3 make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错4 later on 随后 5 be afraid to dosth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕…… 6 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人7 takenotes=write down the notes 做笔记8 make up 组成9 deal with=do with 处理10 be angry with 对……感到生气11 go by （时间）过去、消逝 timegoes by. 时间流逝try one’s bes t to do sth 尽力做谋事13 break off 突然终止14 make/useflashcards 制作使用抽认卡15 make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表16 read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说play the cd tooloud 把cd放开大声sweep the floor clean 把地板扫干净17 practice the pronunciation 练习发音18 get thepronunciation right =pronounce right发音准确345678910111314151617181920222324252627282930313233343536373839 4041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162。

中考英语考点、知识点（完美排版）【知识梳理】I. 重点短语1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about…?3. Let’s do sth.4. It’s time to do sth.5. It’s time for …6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…7. Where is…? It’s….8. How old are you? I’m….9. What class are you in? I’m in….10. Welcome to….11. What’s …plus…? It’s….12. I think…13. Who’s this? This is….14. What can you see？I can see….15. There is (are) ….16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…17. Whose …is this? It’s….18. What time is it? It’s….III. 交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! You’re welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. What’s your name? My name is ….9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Who’s on duty today?11. Let’s do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要语法1. 动词be的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法。

2019年中考英语：重点短语中考栏目为您准备了《2019年中考英语：重点短语》，希望您能有所收获。

相关资讯敬请继续关注更新!2019年中考英语：重点短语1.kinds of 各种各样的2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是……3. neither…nor…既不……也不……4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因……而著名8. on ones way to在……途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室23. at the head of……在……的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢，抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温。

中考英语必背核心短语2019look 短语......1. look at 看 2. look for 寻找查阅，向上看3. look up4. look out 向外看，小心5. look over 仔细检查照顾，照料6. look after看起来像7. look like浏览8. look through里看—9. look into 向环顾四周10. look around期盼，期待11. look forward to向前看12. look aheadput 短语举起，挂起，搭建1. put up穿上，戴上，上演2. put on20/ 1放好把—3. put away推迟，推延4. put off放下，记下—5. put down 把扑灭，伸出6. put out......放进...，把译成7. put into 把......8. put one's heart into 全神贯注于短语get起床1. get up下车2. get off相处，进展3. get on 上车,克服，恢复，原谅4. get over回来，返回5. get back接通电话6. get through进展，相处7. get along...陷入8. get into出去，离开9. get out相聚10. get together做准备...为11. get ready for结婚12. get married碍事，挡道13. get in the way到达14. get to20/ 2短语give放弃1. give up分发2. give out3. give away 赠送，分发归还4. give backthink 短语想起，认为1.think of想出，提出2.think up考虑3.think about仔细考虑4.think over take 短语占据（时间，空间）1. take up相像(与父母等)2. take after3. take place 发生小心，当心4. take care脱下，起飞5. take off拿出，取出6. take out拿走，带走7. take away20/ 3取下8. take down从容，不紧张9. take it easy照顾，照料10. take care of休息一下11. take a rest洗澡12. take a shower参加13. take part in感到自豪...14. take pride in 对拍照15. take a photo轮流，依次16. take turns感兴趣...17. take an interest in 对去度假18. take a vacation服药19. take medicine采取行动20. take an action21. take a taxi 打的接受某人的建议22. take one's advice keep 短语继续1. keep on进入，挡住2. keep out 不让...不踏入使3. keep off —...4. keep away from 远离控制，抑制5. keep...down20/ 4保持健康6. keep healthy/fit7. keep from 隐瞒一直做某事8. keep doing sth9. keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事阻止某人做某事10. keep sb from doing sth坚持，保持11. keep up与某人保持联系12. keep in touch with sbturn 短语1. turn on 打开关闭2. turn off3. turn up 调大，放大调小，关小4. turn down5. turn over 翻转过来向右转/6. turn left/right 向左转短语make1. make up 编造，杜撰，构成，组成吵闹2. make a noise3. make a decision 做决定腾地方----4. make room for 为20/ 5做鬼脸5. make a face犯错误6. make mistakes铺床7. make the bed交朋友8. make friends谋生，度日9. make a living赚钱10. make money取得进步11. make progress约定，成功，及时赶到12. make it务必，确保13. make sure制定计划14. make a plan15. make a telephone call 打电话下决心16. make up one's mind使某人感到宾至如归17. make sb feel at home做贡献为...18. make a contribution tocome 短语1. come over 顺便来访实现，达到2. come true3. come out 出来，开放，出版加油，来吧4. come on5. come back 回来想出，提出6. come up with20/ 67. come in 进来出现，发生，来到8. come along9. come from 来自，产自发现)10. come across 遇见，(偶然on 短语1. on duty 值日，值班准时，按时2. on time步行3. on foot度假4. on vacation销售，出售5. on sale在电视里6. on TV7. on display 展出，陈列在船上8. on board9. on the Internet 在网上在收音机里10. on the radio的路上11. on one's way 在—在周末12. on weekends13. on the other hand 另一方面右边/在左边14. on the left/right用电话交谈,在通话15. on the phone在墙上16. on the wall20/ 7依靠，依赖，取决于17. depend on相处，进展,上车18. get on从事，忙于，演算19. work on穿上，戴上20. put on打开21. turn on试穿，试戴22. try on传递23. pass on稍等片刻24. hold on继续25. go on决定26. decide on27. concentrate on 专心，专注为生28. live on 以... ...花费29. spend...on 在加油，来吧30. come onin 短语1. in all 总共，共计在班上2. in class3. in English 用英语总之，简言之4. in short5. in a hurry 匆忙最后，终于6. in the end20/ 87. in the future 在将来及时8. in time9. in fact 事实上，实际上在床上10. in bed11. in hospital 住院碍事的，挡道的12. in the way这样13. in this way穿着红衣服14. in red处于危险中15. in danger处于困境中16. in trouble17. in a minute 立刻，马上惊奇地，惊讶地18. in surprise19. in public 当众，公开大体上，一般而言，通常20. in general21. in common 共有的，公有的时尚的22. in style身体健康23. in good health前面24. in front of 在...25. in the sun 在阳光下在过去几年时间里26. in the past few years27. in order to 为了在过去28. in the past20/ 9...方面干得好29. do well in 在专修，主修30. major in感兴趣对31. be interested in ...参加32. take part in差33. be weak in 在...而自豪...34. take pride in 以35.hand in 上交，交纳)36. arrive in 到达(大地点短语at1. at once 立刻，马上至少2. at least3. at most 最多最后4. at last在家5. at home在中午6. at noon7. at night 在夜晚有时，偶尔8. at times9. at school 在上学在吃饭10. at table11. at present 目前，现在在工作12. at work20/ 1013. at all 全然，根本岁时在...14. at the age of...结尾15. at the end of 在此刻，现在16. at the moment17. at the same time 同时首先18. at first旨在，目的是19. aim at敲击20. knock at看着21. look at叫喊，叫嚷22. shout at指着23. point at到达24. arrive at对...干得好25. be good at生气对...26. be angry at感到惊讶27. be surprised at对...嘲笑28. laugh at)29. arrive at (小地点短语up放弃1. give up占据，占去，从事2. take up举起，挂起，张贴，搭建3. put up20/ 11建立，创立4. set up5. open up 打开，开阔乔装打扮6. dress up7. stay up 熬夜，不睡觉醒来，唤醒，叫醒8. wake up9. look up 向上看，查阅振作...10. cheer up 使...结束，结果为11. end up 以...升起，上升12. go up赶快13. hurry up用光，用完14. use up15. show up 出席，露面起立，站起来16. stand up编造，构成，化妆17. make up想出，提出18. think up切碎19. cut up捡起，乘搭便车20. pick up21. mix up 混合打电话22. call up成长，长大23. grow up打电话24. ring up打扫干净...25. clean up 把20/ 12修理，修补26. fix up起床27. get up保持，坚持28. keep up装满29. fill up发射30. send upout 短语给出，分发1. give out分发2. hand out闲逛3. hang out爆发4. break out5. sell out 卖完，售完向外看，小心6. look out7. go out 出去，熄灭伸出去，熄灭，扑灭8. put out进入9. keep out 不使...查明，弄清10. find out11. run out 用完，用尽拿出，取出，带出12. take out打扫干净，清除13. clean out 把...出来，开放，出版14. come out产生结果，算出15. work out20/ 13指出16. point out17. help sb out 帮助某人解决困难出去，离开18. get out短语off1. get off 下车推迟，拖延2. put off脱下，起飞3. take off发出响声，离开4. go off5. turn off 关闭切断6. cut off7. set off 激起，引起，出发突然中止，中断8. break off不踏入远离，使9. keep off —迅速离开，跑掉10. run off11. be off 离开，走开掉下落下，从...12. fall off炫耀，卖弄13. show off短语for等待1. wait for20/ 14寻找2. look for为...付款3. pay for关心，照料4. care for5. stand for 代表动身去某地6. leave for7. ask for 请求，要求做准备为...8. prepare for...提供9. provide...for 为......而感谢10. thanks for 为做准备11. get ready for 为...而闻名...12. be famous for 因有益13. be good for 对...有害14. be bad for 对...15. be late for 迟到...16. be used for 用来做with 短语同意1. agree with玩，玩弄2. play with 与... ... 分享3. share with 与...想出，提出4. come up with而结束以5. end up with (20)/ 15打架6. fight with 与...7. catch/catch up with 赶上...8. be filled with ...里装满9. deal/do with 对付，处理提供为...10. provide...with...开始11. begin start with 以相处得融洽与...12. get along/on well with 争吵13. argue with 与...在某人的帮助下14. with one's help开着灯15. with the light on吵架...16. quarrel with 与... 17. be busy with 忙于生某人的气18. be angry with sb对某人严格要求19. be strict with sb的喜欢深受...20. be popular with... 爱上21. fall in live with帮助某人做某事22. help sb with sth与...相比pare...withabout 短语谈论,讨论1. talk about担心2. worry about20/ 163. care about 关心，担心...4. learn about 了解关于5. think about 考虑感到兴奋对...6. be excited about紧张7. be nervous about 对...是认真的...8. be serious about 对埋怨，抱怨9. complain aboutof 短语...害怕1. be afraid of...厌倦2. be tired of... 确信3. be sure of做成4. be made of 由...... 5. be terrified of 害怕...6. be fond of 喜欢......，当心7. be careful of 小心...里装满8. be full of ...以9. be proud of ...而自豪有信心对...10. be confident of照顾，照料11. take care of考虑，认为，想起12. think of听说13. hear of20/ 17...14. remind of 使某人想起梦想15. dream of用完，用光16. run out of向...外看17. look out of由于18. because of 因为，19. instead of 代替，而不是大量的，充足的20. plenty of21. kind of 稍微，有点各种各样的22. all kinds of23. the number of ...的数量许多24. a number of... 数百25. hundreds of成千上万的26. thousands of的前面27. in front of 在...末尾...的尽头，在...28. at the end of 在... /条29. a pair of 一双/副...则块/条/30. a piece of 一片/一副/串31. a a set of许多，好多32. a lot of感兴趣对1. be interested in (20)/ 18感到惊讶...2. be surprised at 对而闻名3. be famous for 因......擅长于4. be good at的气5. be angry with/at 生......6. be worried about 担心对...要求严格7. be strict with/in而自豪8. be proud of 以... ...做准备为9. be ready for...10. be busy with 忙于 ...的喜爱11. be popular with 深受感到紧张 (12)be nervous about感到兴奋13. be excited about 对...相似...14. be similar to 与与15. be different from ...不同... 16. be filled with ...里装满... 17. be used to 习惯于...18. be afraid of 害怕有益19. be good for 对...有害对20. be bad for ... ...友好21. be friendly to 对感到放松...22. be relaxed about 对所覆盖被23. be covered with (20)/ 19...热衷于24. be crazy about... 25. be fond of 喜欢...26. be terrified of 害怕... 里充满27. be full of ...做成...由28. be made of ...20/ 20。

9上Unit 5 基础训练部分一、记忆训练部分（一）重点词汇梳理1. 给获胜者颁发奖牌present a medal to a winner2. 对音乐感兴趣show an interes t in music3. 通过控制水的流速by controlling the speed of water flow4. 不同的心境创造不同的景象create different pictures in different minds5. 帮助东西方文化搭建一座桥梁help build a bridge between the East and the West6. 成功地将东西方音乐结合在一起successfully bring Chinese and Western music together7. 赢得奥斯卡音乐奖win an Oscar for the music8. 影响他的作品influence his works9. 创造一种新型音乐create a new type of music10. 被选择去做某事be chosen to do sth.11. 高度评价他的音乐think highly of his music12. 决定在艺术节拉小提琴decide to play the violin at the art festival13. 对所有学生及家长开放be open to all students and parents14. 看到她正朝我们跑来see her running towards us15. 匆忙进入剧院hurry into the theatre16. 持续一个半小时last for one and a half hours17. 对某人有价值be of value to sb. = be valuable to sb.18. 创作音乐make up music19. 对---有天赋have a gift for20. 把一些颜料滴在纸上drop some paint onto the paper（二）重点句子梳理1. 因为我已经找到比艺术更令人愉快的事情了。

2019年中考英语必背核心短语汇总(名师精选必考核心短语，值得下载背诵) (绝对精品资料，总计21页，值得下载打印每天背诵)compare with vt. 与...相比(同...比较起来)instead of prep. 代替,而不是...first of all 首先on duty 值班, 当班in front of 在...前面on time adv. 准时depend on vt. 依赖(依靠, 取决于, 随...而定)be full of prep. 充满(有很多的)of course 当然on the one hand 一方面be known for prep. 因...而众所周知turn on 打开, 拧开v. 反对, 攻击有些, 几个pron. 一些(用于可数名词之a few前)not any more 不再(=no more)fill with 使... 充满according to prep.按照, 根据, 取决于have classes 上课add up to 合计达as for 至于, 关于take a break 休息一会儿go ahead 开始, 前进, 领先plenty of adj. 很多的be fond of 爱好, 喜欢out of breath 上气不接下气kind of 有几分by chance 偶然, 碰巧thousands of 数千的...have something in common 有一些共同之处do well in 在... 方面干得好run out of 用完，耗尽，从...跑出on vacation 在度假how far 离... 多远，到什么程度one by one 一个接一个地,依次地hand in 交上, 递交check in 办理登记手续,报到take a message 捎个口信hear from v. 接到...的信, 受...批评such as 例如, 诸如deal with 讨论, 处理, 涉及，对付，与...做生意because o f 因为, 由于leave out vt. 省去(不考虑,离开,结束一天的工作) make a face 做鬼脸ask for 请求, 要求have supper 吃晚餐get into trouble 陷入困境, 惹上麻烦less than 不到, 少于once upon a time 从前go for a walk 去散步help with 帮助某人做...thanks to 由于,多亏prep. 由于,归功于vt. 熄灭,用,发表,促销生产,激怒vi. 出发, put out努力cut out 切断(挖去,断流器,结束工作,剪纸艺术)a lot of 许多cut off vt. 切断, 使隔绝, 使中止vi. 停止运转so far 迄今为止,到某个程度with pleasure 愉快地, 高兴地, 十分愿意have to 必须, 不得不aim at 瞄准，目的在于just now 刚才,此刻高兴起来, 振作起来vi. 使高兴起来vt. cheer up使高兴, 使振奋take away vt. 拿走(减去, 解除)what about (对于) ... 怎么样try on 试穿cut in n. 切入(加载,连接,时差,超车,字幕)go off vi. 爆炸,爆发,走开,衰退,进行,发声get married 结婚grow up 长大, 成长laugh at 嘲笑, 因...而笑agree with 赞同，同意，适合于on display adj. 公开展出next to 邻近，紧靠look out 留神, 注意once again 再一次in order to prep. 为了a pair of 一对, 一双send up 使上升，发射，判...入狱，取笑某人fall asleep 入睡，睡着v. 突然产生, 要求, 成为...负担, 偶遇, 跟come on着来, 开始, 出台, 上演快点, 赶快no more 不再make up one's mind v.下决心,接受,承认决定one after another 一个接一个地talk to 与...说话，责骂look after vt. 目送(寻求, 照料, 看管) try one's best v.尽力go to a movie (特指)看场电影fill out 填写be strict with 对... 要求严格take photos 照像be proud of 以...自豪；以...自负learn from 向...学习be up to 由某人决定，是某人的责任knock on 敲(门、窗等)all right 不错, 好, 行get together 聚会，聚集，达成一致hand out vt. 分发，散发，给与before long 不久以后far from adv. 远离(远远不)care for vt. 关心(喜欢,介意)in a word 总而言之，简言之at last 终于, 最后be busy doing 忙于做(某事)wake up v. 醒来,叫醒after all adv. 毕竟,到底,究竟ahead of time 提前，提早no longer 不再each other pron. 互相, 各自all over 到处, 遍及ought to conj. 应当give out 分发at first adv. 最初(首先,开始时)as usual 像往常一样, 照例hang up 挂断电话make friends with v. 与...交友与...交朋友,和睦take out vi. 取出(自动取出装置)pick up vt. 捡起,收集,继续,得到all kinds of 各种各样的talk about 谈论, 谈到fall down 跌倒，失败get back vi. 返回(取回,收回)drop in 顺便走访(某人)get dressed 穿衣服be careful with vt. 注意(照顾)from then on 从那时起make a difference 有影响, 起(重要)作用vt. &vi. 可以解决, 设计出, 作出, 计算出, work out消耗完be interested in 对…感兴趣and so on 等等millions of 成百万的, 许许多多的look for 寻找on the other hand 另一方面on business 出差both and 既... 又..., 两个都take after 与...相像in the evening 在晚上by mistake 错误地write down vt. 写下(把...描写成,减低面价值)by bus 乘公共汽车once more 再一次，又一次v.看穿, 审核, 浏览, 温习, 从...中显露, 彻look through底审查a lot 许多，很多have a look 看一看leave a message 留个话be friendly to 对…友好/友善take a walk 散步let down 使失望；放下；辜负；减速下降how many 多少make mistakes 犯错have fun 玩得开心fill in v. 填写not at all (用于否定)一点也不，不必客气n. 召唤(召集,使人想起,打电话给,应征入call up伍,提出议案)in the end 终于, 最后keep away from 远离, 回避how much 多少(钱)add to 增加in the afternoon 在下午be busy with adj. 忙于get on 上车take notes vi. 记笔记take a holiday v.休假,度假be good for 对... 有好处at the age of 在...岁时later on 后来，过些时候call on vt. 号召(约请, 访问) be made from 由...制造break down vt. 打破, 减轻, 把...分解vi. 彻底失败, 崩溃, 停止运转, 放弃, (数据, 观点等)站不住脚a set of 一套join in 参加, 加入go over 检查,重做,复习vi. 前去,转化的,获得同意give away vi. 送掉(泄露,放弃,分配,出卖)talk with 和...交谈set up vi. 建立bring up vt. 养育,引起突然停下,提到;呕吐vi. 停下give in 屈服, 让步，呈交make up n. 弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆,补足,拼凑, 做, 制造,创造, 起草, 制定, 设置, 征收, 准备play with 玩弄，与…一起玩point to 指向, 意味着put away vt. 处理掉(吃, 把...收好, 拿开, 排斥) how long 多久in fact 其实, 事实上even if 即使, 虽然get through vt. 结束(做完, 通过, 到达)in the morning 在上午go home 回家send for vt. 派人去请(派人去拿)turn down 关小，调低,拒绝even though 即使have a cold 患感冒adj. 一点(少许,略微,稍)(用于不可数名词a little之前)make effort 作出努力out of work 失业，(机器)出问题。

备战2019中考英语：中考英语必背短语和词组B Bback and forth 来回,往返,来来往往的back down/off 放弃,让步,退却back of 在…后部,在…背部back up 支持,援助;倒退,后退on the basis of 根据,在…的基础上because of 犹豫,因为on behalf of 代表,为了make believe 假装at (the) best 充其量,至多do/try one’s best 尽力,努力get the best of 胜过make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理for the better 好转,改善get the better of 打败,智胜had better 最好还是,应该on board 在船(车,飞机)上be bound to 必定,一定break away (from) 脱离,逃跑break down 损坏,分解,瓦解break in 强行进入,闯入;打断,插嘴break into 闯入break off 断绝,结束break out 突然发生,爆发;(of)逃出break through 突破break up 终止,结束;打碎,拆散catch one’s breath 屏息,喘口气out of breath 喘不过起来,上气不接下气in brief 简单的说,简言之bring about 带来,造成bring down 打倒,挫伤;降低bring forth 产生,提出bring forward 提出bring out 使出现,使显明;公布,出版bring to 使恢复知觉bring up 教育,培养,使成长build up 积累,堵塞;树立,逐步建立; 锻炼in bulk 散装,大批,大量burn out 烧掉,burn up 烧起来,旺起来;烧完,烧尽trolley bus 无轨电车on business 因公,因事。

2019中考英语重点短语句型汇总把中考英语的重点短语与句型背下来，你就不用担心你的英语还没能学好吧，下面店铺为大家带来了2019中考英语重点短语句型汇总，欢迎阅读!重点短语复习1.kinds of 各种各样的2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是……3. neither…nor…既不……也不……4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因……而著名8. on ones way to在……途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室23. at the head of……在……的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢，抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as… 一……就……34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again再三地，反复地38. wake up 醒来，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise运动42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从……向外46. all by oneself 独立，单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再49. get back 回来，取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) (好好)照顾，照料56. think of 考虑到，想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)61. turn off 关重点句型1.I think…意为“我认为……”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。

2019 中考英语常考短语总结1.With the help of 在～～帮助下under the leadership / care of 在～～领导／关怀下2.be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格3.at present=at the present time 当前for the present 临时4.in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下under the sun 在世界上5.lie in 位于～～以内lie on 同～～接壤lie to 位于～～以外6.at least 起码in the least 丝毫，一点7.by name 名叫in the name of 以～～名义8.in the air 空中，在流传on the air 播出9..in the way挡路，阻碍，用～～方法in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上get one ’s own way to do 为所欲为give way 退步，折服lose one ’s way 迷路 by the way 趁便说一下on one ’s way to 在去～～旳路上Come this way 这边走10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in the corner 在角落里（内角）on the corner 在角落上（外角上）12. judge by / from 依据～～来判断judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断at the end (of) 在～～结束时at the beginning of 在～～开始时at the back of 在～～背后，支持at the age of ～～岁时at the foot of 在～～脚下 at the bottom of 在～～底部at the top of 在～～顶上 at/on the edge of 在～～边上13. in the course of 在～～过程中in the eyes of从～～看法看来，在～～眼里in the face of面对～，只管，纵使in the middle of 在～中间in the end =at last=finally 最后14. on the eve of 在～～前夜on the side of 在～～一边15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间16. behind time 迟到，过期behind the times 落在时代后边17. at no time 决不in no time 立刻，立刻18. at one time = once time 以前 at a time = each time 每次at times = sometimes 有时at all times 常常，向来，一直at the same time 同时at the time在～～旳时候19. for a moment一会儿by the time到～～旳时候for the moment临时at the moment 当时the moment /minute /instance 20. once or twice一两次正当～～一顷刻more than once 不只一次once more 从头，又once upon a time 以前once in a while 有时1.以 break 为中心旳词组break away from 离开，逃离break down 损坏，粉碎；崩溃；出故障，抛锚break in 闯进，打断；使服从break into 闯进；强行进入；忽然开始break out 迸发，发生；准备使用；拔锚break the law 违犯法律break the record 破记录break one ’s promise 失口break up开垦，破裂；解散，分开，分解2.以 catch 为中心旳词组be caught doing 被发现做某事be caught in the rain 淋雨catch a bus/train 赶汽车 / 火车catch a cold 伤风，感冒catch one ’s word 听懂某人旳话catch sight of 发现，看见catch up with追上，追及，追上3.以 come为中心旳词组come across有时发现，想起；超出；偿付come along一道来，陪同；进步，进展；出现come to 清醒，还原；合计；达到；归纳于come at 达到，求得，获取；扑向，侵袭come back 回来；恢复，还原come down 倒下；下降；跌落；病倒come from 来自，发源于，从 ~~产生，come in 进来，进入；流行起来；获名次come up 走近；上楼；长出，抽芽come into being 发生，产生，出现，形成come into power 执政，当权，入选come into use开始使用，获取应用come to know开始认识到come on 演出；开始；赶忙；发展；登台；（问题）被提出come to an end停止，结束come true实现，成为现实；证明4.以 do 为中心旳词组be done in 精疲力竭be done with 完整结束do a good deed 做一件好事do away with 去掉，取销；弄死；浪费do good to (=do sb. good) 有利于do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于do its work 有效，有作用do much 极实用do wrong to 做错do one ’s best 尽某人最大努力do one ’s homework 造作业do one ’s utmost 全力而为do proud 足以使 ~~骄傲do sb. justice 公正对待某人 do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生do sb. a favor 帮助某人do well in 学得不错，干得美丽do with 和~~相处，忍耐，办理do without 不需要，不用do wonders 创建奇观have much to do with 和 ~~很相关系have nothing to do with 与~~没关have something to do with 和~~相关in doing so=in so doing 这时，在这类状况下That will do. 行了；够了5.以 get 为中心旳词组get about 彷徨，走动，旅游；流传get above oneself 自视傲慢get accustomed to 习惯于，对 ~~屡见不鲜get ahead of 赛过，超出get across 度过，经过，横过；说服，使理解get along with 与 ~~相处get along 行进，进步；赞同；离开get at 发现，认识；掌握；攻击have got to do 不得不，一定 get away 走开，逃走get familiar with 熟习get back 取回，回来；报复get behind 落伍；看破get home 到家get down 咽下；写下；使丧气，使抑郁get down to 仔细对待，静下心来get hold of 获取，获得get in 进入，堕入；涉及get one ’s hand in 熟习；习惯 get out of 由~~出来，从 ~~得出；防止；退休get off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；出发get ready for 为 ~~作准备get on 上车；穿上；进步，使行进；成功；相处 get used to 习惯于get upon with 进步；在 ~~方面获取成功get rid of 除掉，去掉；免去，挣脱get over 超出；恢复，康复；战胜；达成get through 抵达，达成，经过；及格get together聚集，累积；商谈，获得一致建议get up起床，起立；研究，研究；致力于；安排，组织6.以 give 为中心旳词组be given to 沉迷于，嗜好give about 分派；流传give and take 互相迁就give away 赠予；牺牲；泄漏；颁发give back 送还give cause 赐予 ~~旳原因give ear to 侧耳聆听give forth 发出，放出；发布give in 折服，退步，投诚give in to 赞同，接受; 向~~退步give off 发出（烟，气味）give up 放弃；停止give out 散发，宣布 give oneself out to be/as 自称为give oneself up to 专心于；向~~自首give place to 让位于，被~~所代替give rise to 惹起，致使；使~~发生give sb. to understand 通知某人give way to 退步，退缩；折服于7.以 look 为中心旳词组look about 四下环视；查察look after 照料，看守look around 东张西望look at 凝视，着眼于look back 回首look for 找寻；期望，希望look down on 俯视；小看look forward to 期望，期望look into 窥视；检查；阅读look up to 仰望，敬爱look like 看起来象look on 旁观；面向look out向外看；注意；小心，防备look over 从上边看过去；检查look through 透过 ~~看去；看破；阅读8.以 make为中心旳词组be made from由~~原料制成be made of由~~资料制成be made up of 由~~构成make a fool of 捉弄，欺诈make a mistake 弄错make believe 假装make a point of doing重申；认为~~重要；信心，坚持make advantages/use of 使用，利用make certain 确信，把 ~~弄清楚make after 追求，追赶make contact with 接通，与 ~~接触，与 ~~联系make for 去处，向 ~~行进；有利于 make friends with 和~~交友make into 把~~制成，使 ~~转变为make much of 重视；理解；欣赏make one’s mind on sth. 决定某事make one’s own 看作自己旳对待make oneself at home 随意，别拘束make out 填写；开销票；理解；辨识make the best of尽量利用；极为重视on the make 急求成功；增添make up 填补，维修；赔偿，赔偿；草拟；假造；化妆make up to靠近，奉承；向~~求爱make way for为~~让路，让路于9.以 put 为中心旳词组put aside把~~放在一边；放置；清除put back把~~放回原处；驳回put away把~~放好，把~~整理；储蓄；吃喝，吃掉put on演出；穿上，带上put down放下；镇压；遏止；记下；减少；下降put up with忍耐，容忍put forward提出；拨快；建议，介绍；倡导，提议put ~~ into把~~放入；插入；翻译成put up举起，挂起；提名，介绍；陈设put off推延，缓期；除去；推辞，推却put one ’s heart into聚精会神，聚精会神10.以 take 为中心旳词组be taken aback惊讶take a seat 就坐take a shower 淋浴，沐浴take aim 对准，建立目标take away 拿走，减去；夺去take ~~ by surprise 声东击西take one ’s place 就坐，入座take care of小心，注意；照料；防备；慎重；办理，应付；负责take office任职，上任take ~~ for把~看作take part in参加，参加take off脱去，除掉；走开；腾飞；模拟；出发；致死；复制，作副本；减弱take one ’s temperature 量体温take the place of 取代take it easy 别焦急，慢慢来take place = happen 发生，举行以~~为荣，对 ~~骄傲 taketake sb. by the arm拉某人旳胳膊pride in11.以 turn 为中心旳词组give a new turn to对~~予以新旳见解in one ’s turn轮到某人做某事out of turn 不按序次旳，不适合合旳take one ’s turn to do 轮到做turn a blind eye to 对 ~~置若罔闻turn against 背叛，采纳敌对态度turn back 折回，往回走turn down 折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑turn into 走进；变为，变为turn to ~~for help 求援于turn off关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，解雇；避开（问题）；制造；生产turn on打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依靠，取决于turn one ’s attention to 把注意力转向turn out to be 本来是，证明是，结果是turn out 培育；证明是；制成；实质状况是turn to 变为；着手于turn over a new leaf打开新旳一页，从头开始，悔过自新turn (a)round旋转，转过身来；改变建议；采纳新政策turn upside down颠倒过来，翻过来；使堕入杂乱一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一。