区分动词不定式和ing形式
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语法结构- 不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词三者间的关系一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别1. 作宾语时,-ING分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作,而不定式则表示某次具体动作,特别是将来的动作1) The school cannot tolerate on exams.[A]cheating[B]to cheat[C]be cheated[D]being cheated2) News of success keeps in.[A]pouring[B]to pour[C]poured[D]to be pouring3) Long [A]before the dawn [B]of recorded [C]history, humans celebrated to harvest [D]their crops.2. 作定语时,-ING表示正在进行的动作,用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成;不定式表示未来发生4) We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.[A]having launched[B]to have launched[C]to launch[D]launched5) The applicants interviewing [A]are required to [B]bring all the necessary papers [C]two days later [D].6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves [A]occasionally contain [B]enough hydrocyanic acid killing [C]livestock(牲畜) [D].3. 当谓语动词是进行时的时候,用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语4. 在remember,forget等词后,如果跟-ING分词,表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前;如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后5. stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同They stopped (talking) to work. [停下(其他动作)来工作]They stopped working. [停下工作(来干其他动作)]Workers went on discussing the problem. [工人继续讨论这一问题]Workers went on to discuss the problem.[工人们停下来其他事,继续讨论这一问题]He left off writing.[他停下写作(去干其他事)]He left off to write.[他停下(其他事)来写作]6. … used to后跟不定式和-ING分词,后跟不定式有两种情况:一种是used to是固定用法表示“过去经常干……”;另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式;后跟-ING分词的情况有一种,那就是当used to中的used是形容词时,to后跟名词或-ING分词7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.[A]has worked[B]had worked[C]had been worked[D]used to work8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.[A]get used to[B]get to[C]get over[D]get on with9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging [A]in the crisp morning [B]air during [C]the winter months [D], but now he has stopped.7. 一般情况下,for后边跟接there to be,而of后边则跟接there being10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.[A]to be[B]being[C]to have been[D]having been8. be+形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语,而不用-INGIt is very difficult to manage the company.二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别虽然在语法功能上,-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同,但在意义上两者有差别:-ING分词表示主动的意义,而-ED分词则表示被动的意义;-ING分词表示一般性的或正在进行的动作,而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。
非谓语动词:to动词原形动词原形ing,英语语言最爱的表达形式一、【非谓语动词】:表示动作或者动词词组,不做谓语。
今天主讲非谓语动词形式:to + 动词动词原形,动词原形+ing (V-ing)。
1.动词不定式:由to+动词原形构成。
可以做主语,宾语,定语,表语和状语。
(1)做主语To get there by bikewill take us an hour.解析:译文:骑自行车到达那里将会需要1个小时。
非谓语动词不定式词组做主语:toget there by bike谓语:will take宾语1:us(直接宾语)宾语2:an hour(间接宾语)(2)做宾语The driver failed to see the car in time.解析:译文:这个司机没有及时看到这个小轿车。
主语:The driver谓语:failed宾语:to see the car (非谓语不定式词组做宾语)状语(时间):in time(3)宾补We believe him to be guilty.解析:译文:我们相信他是无罪的。
主语:We谓语:believe宾语:him宾补:to beguilty(对宾语的补充说明)(4) 定语The next train to arrive is from Seoul.解析:译文:马上即将到达的列车是来自首尔的。
主语:The next train谓语:is from宾语:Seoul定语:to arrive(定语是修饰主语的,这里to arrive “即将到达”,修饰 thenext train“下一趟列车”)(5) 表语My suggestion is to put offthe meeting.解析:译文:我的建议是推迟这次会议。
主语:My suggestion谓语:is宾语:themeeting表语:to put off(主系表,在is后面为表语)(7) 状语I come here only to say goodbye to you.解析:译文:我来到这只想跟你告别。
请先阅读讲义“不定式与v-ing分词用法区别”主语表语定语宾语宾补状语不定式⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫-ing ⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫一、不定式与-ing都可作以上句子成分,其区别如下:1、主语"使用不定式:it作形式主语,多用不定式,置语句末)It is hard to find a true friend.It is impolite to talk with your mouth full."使用-ing(1) 在句首时Shopping is her best way to relax herself.Missing the train means waiting for another hour.Developing the economy and protecting the environment can be possible at the same time.(2) 前有所有格修饰时Her swimming has improved quickly since she started training every day.The president’s attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(3)在以下固定句型中(虽以it做形式主语,也用-ing))It is no good/use persuading him to change his mind.It is worth reading all the Chinese famous novels.2、表语" My job is to teach you English.=My job is teaching you English."The news is exciting/surprising/shocking……3、定语"使用不定式:(1)在以下句型中, 常用不定式表将来(主动形式表被动意义)We still have a long way to go. (have sth to do)There is a long way to go. (there be… to do)With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. (with sth to do) (2)有序数词first, second,…last 修饰的名词后He was determined not to be the first one to voice opinions."使用-ing:(1)表____________a developing country the fast-growing economy a sleeping boy the rising sunDo you know the person talking to the headteacher now?= Do you know the person who are talking to the headteacher now?(2)表_____________Those wishing to join this club should sign here.= Those who wish to join this club should sign here.Everyone attending the meeting agreed to the plan.= Everyone who attended the meeting agreed to the plan.(3)表_____________an interesting story exciting news puzzling lights confusingrules disappointing results(4)表_____________a swimming pool a walking stick a writing desk a smoking area a changing room4、宾语"使用不定式:在某些动词后He wishes to sleep at least for 8 hours every day.My father promised to buy me a cellphone if I got straight A in SAT.He pretended to be asleep when I approached her.后接不定式作宾语的动词还有:______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________"使用-ing(1)在某些动词后He is considering changing for a new job.后接-ing作宾语的动词还有:______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________(2)在介词后She relaxes herself by shopping。
一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别1.作宾语时,-ING分词表示抽象的、大凡性或习惯性的和持续性的动作,而不定式则表示某次详尽动作,特别是将来的动作I like playing football.I would like to play football this afternoon.1) The school cannot tolerateon exams.[A]cheating[B]to cheat[C]be cheated[D]being cheated2) News of success keepsin.[A]pouring[B]to pour[C]poured[D]to be pouring3) Long[A]before the dawn[B]of recorded[C]history, humans celebrated to harvest[D]their crops.2.作定语时,-ING表示正在进行的动作,用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成;不定式表示未来发生4) We were overjoyed at the news of Chinaanother man-made satellite.[A]having launched[B]to have launched[C]to launch[D]launched5) The applicants interviewing[A]are required to[B]bring all the necessary papers[C]two days later[D].6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves[A]occasionally contain[B]enough hydrocyanic acid killing[C]livestock(牲畜)[D].3.当谓语动词是进行时的时候,用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语It“s beginning to snow you.It starts raining.I“m considering how to go(where to go, what to do).I considered emplying Mr.Wang but decided that Mr.Chen was more suited to the job.4.在remember,forget等词后,如果跟-ING分词,表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前;如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后I remember telling her that last night. (“告诉”发生在“记得”之前)He remembered to tell her that when she came back. (“记得”发生在“告诉”之前)I“m sorry I forgot to give you the message. (主语动词表示的动作“忘记”发生在不定式表示的动作“给带口信”之前)Why! I have such a bad memory. I forgot giving the message last night. (-ING分词示的动作“给带口信”发生在谓语动词表的动作“忘记”之前)5. stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同They stopped (talking) to work.[停下(其他动作)来工作]They stopped working.[停下工作(来干其他动作)]Workers went on discussing the problem.[工人继续讨论这一问题]Workers went on to discuss the problem.[工人们停下来其他事,继续讨论这一问题]He left off writing.[他停下写作(去干其他事)]He left off to write.[他停下(其他事)来写作]6.…used to后跟不定式和-ING分词,后跟不定式有两种情况:一种是used to是不变用法表示“过去经常干……”;另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式;后跟-ING分词的情况有一种,那就是当used to中的used是形容词时,to后跟名词或-ING分词7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.[A]has worked[B]had worked[C]had been worked[D]used to work8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.[A]get used to[B]get to[C]get over[D]get on with9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging[A]in the crisp morning[B]air during[C]the wintermonths[D], but now he has stopped.7.大凡情况下,for后边跟接there to be,而of后边则跟接there being10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by otherswho join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.[A]to be[B]being[C]to have been[D]having been8. be+形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语,而不用-INGIt is very difficult to manage the company.二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别虽然在语法功能上,-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同,但在意义上两者有差别:-ING分词表示主动的意义,而-ED分词则表示被动的意义;-ING分词表示大凡性的或正在进行的动作,而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。
动词不定式与动词-ing形式(最新版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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动词-ing形式与不定式的区别1.作主语和表语的区别动词-ing 作主语或表语表示的动作比较抽象,时间概念不强动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的一次行为,尤其是指将来的动作Smoking is forbidden here.(该指任何人抽烟的行为)It’s no good for you to smoke so much.(具体指你抽烟的行为)Her job is keeping the office clean. (经常性的动作)Her job this afternoon is to clean the office. (具体的一次行为)2.作定语的区别–ing 形式表示正在进行的动作,不定式表示将要发生的动作The old man sitting at the table wears a white shirtThe students to be interviewed are required to bring all the necessary papers two days later。
3.作宾语的区别⑴.只能用动词不定式作宾语:afford,fail, wish,agree, ask, demand, determine, attempt, manage, plan, offer等⑵.只能用动词-ing 形式作宾语admit.avoid.enjoy.finish.keep.miss.practise.suggest.allow.appreciate.consider.risk.mind 等⑶.即可用动词-ing形式也可用不定式作宾语a.意义相差不大(一)一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词,如:like,love,hate,prefer,intend,begin,start,continue等注:当begin和start使用进行时态时,后面常用不定式,另外动词understand,realize,see 在begin和start之后,也常用不定式She was beginning to get angry在like , love , hate , prefer 等词后,动词-ing 形式常表示某种习惯或爱好,而不定式多表示某个即将发生的具体行为。
动词不定式和ing形式动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1.常跟不定式作宾语的动词有want(想、要),love(喜欢),begin(开始),need(需),learn(学会),agree(同意),decide(决定),hope(希望),start(开始),refuse(拒绝)等。
I…m learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上学滑冰。
[特别提醒](1)不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,通常用it作形式宾语,而不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。
He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现难以入睡。
(2)begin(开始),start(开始),like(喜欢),hate(憎恨),love(喜爱)可以接动词不定式或-ing形式作宾语,意思一般没有区别。
但like后接-ing形式指经常性的动作; 接不定式,指一时间、一次性的动作。
I like having a twin sister. 我喜欢有个孪生姐妹。
I like to have a twin sister. 我现在想有个孪生姐妹。
(3)stop(停止),forget(忘记),remember(记得),try(试),go on(继续)等动词接不定式和-ing形式意义有区别。
试比较:stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止(正在)做某事forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已经做)remember to do sth.记住去做某事(还未做)remember doing sth.记住曾做过某事try to do sth.试图要做某事try doing sth.试着做某事go on to do sth.接着做另一件事(已做完一件)go on doing sth.继续做(原来未做完的)某件事She stopped crying and listened to the music. = She stopped to listen to the music. 她停止哭闹,听音乐了。
非谓语动词中ING分词与不定式用法的区别非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.-次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
动词ing和动词不定式的用法区别在英语学习中,动词ing 和动词不定式是两个非常重要的语法结构,它们的用法各有特点,也存在一些容易让人混淆的地方。
下面咱们就来详细说一说它们的用法区别。
首先,咱们从动词 ing 的用法说起。
动词 ing 形式,也被称为现在分词或者动名词,在句子中可以充当多种成分。
当动词 ing 形式作主语时,它常常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或者是一个抽象的概念。
比如说,“Swimming is good for your health”(游泳对你的健康有益。
)这里的“swimming”就是一个动名词,在句子中作主语,表示“游泳”这个整体的概念。
动词 ing 形式作宾语也是很常见的。
常见的动词后面需要接动词 ing 形式作宾语,比如 enjoy(喜欢),finish(完成),practise(练习)等等。
例如,“I enjoy reading books in my spare time”(我喜欢在业余时间读书。
)“He finished doing his homework”(他完成了他的作业。
)再说说动词 ing 形式作定语。
它通常用来修饰名词,表示名词的用途、性质或者正在进行的动作。
比如,“a swimming pool”(游泳池),这里的“swimming”表示用途,是一个动名词;“a sleeping baby”(一个正在睡觉的婴儿),这里的“sleeping”表示正在进行的动作,是一个现在分词。
然后,咱们来看看动词不定式。
动词不定式通常由“to +动词原形”构成,在句子中也能充当多种成分。
动词不定式作主语的时候,通常表示具体的、一次性的动作。
例如,“To learn a foreign language is not easy”(学习一门外语不容易。
)不过,为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语动词不定式后置,比如“It is not easy to learn a foreign language”动词不定式作宾语也是常见的用法。
英语:不定式与现在分词的区别湖北省洪湖市第二高级中学王爱民不定式和现在分词(-ing形式)都是非谓语动词形式。
不定式在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语、和补语等。
现在分词(-ing形式)在句中可用作表语、定语、状语、补语等。
本文就它们之间的区别作些归纳。
1. 作和宾语时,现在分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作,而不定式则表示某次具体动作,特别是将来的动作。
例如:I like playing football.I would like to play football this afternoon.例:I would appreciate ______ back this afternoon. (NMET)A. you to callB. you callC. our callingD. you’re calling解析:C. appreciate只能接-ing形式和名词及代词作宾语,不接不定式。
注意:(1) 在remember, forget等词后,如果跟-ing形式(此时应叫动名词),表示-ing形式的动作发生在主要谓语之前;如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后。
例如:I remember locking the door last night. (“锁门”发生在“记得”之前)He remembered to lock the door when she came back. (“锁门”发生在“记得”之后)remember/forget/regret to do sth. 记住/忘记/遗憾去做某事。
remember/forget/regret doing sth. (=to have done/having done sth.)记得/忘记/后悔做了某事try to do sth. 设法去做某事(不一定成功)try doing sth. 试图做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(2) stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同。
非谓语动词之to do和ing的区别一,作主语时的区别不定式指较具体的行为Ing表示抽象或者泛指的动作(但在实际应用常已经可以互换)注意:两者都可以用it作形式主语,但结构不同1)ing词it is + no using/no good/useless/ a waste of time + doing sthThere is no + ing =it is impossible to do sth Eg.it’s no use waiting here.There is no telling why he did so.(there is no knowing/there is no persuading=it is impossible to persuade …)2)to do 不定式It is +adj(n)+(for sb)/(of sb) + to do sthEg. It is very difficult to drive in the mountains.It is a shame to say like that .二,作表语时的区别不定式强调一次具体动作Ing强调抽象行为三,作宾语不定式agree decline 拒绝refuse offer promise choose decide determine attempt intend manage fail ask hope want tend expect desire wish seek plan prepare pretend learn mean dare arrange demand happen intendIng 词admit stand appreciate avoid finish complete consider delay deny suggest enjoy escape forgive keep mind miss practise risk advise allow permit forbid 或者介词短语的宾语go on insist on , persist in , keep on , take to 喜欢,dream of , get down to , 等等四,作定语不定式后置与修饰词之间有动宾关系必要时要添加介词He is a pleasant fellow to work with .常表示未来发生的动作The man to come our assitance is Mike.在the first, the second , the best, the only thing 等后常加不定式作定语He is always the first to answer questions.Ing词1)多为合成词表中心词的性质Parking lot , sleeping bag, drinking water, cooking oil, driving licence 等2)单个分词前置,短语后置,相当于一个定语从句He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.3)其中现在分词常表示动作正在进行或即将进行过去分词常表示动作已经完成Is this the book written by Mike?五,作状语不定式1) 目的状语=in order to2) 结果状语表意外only to do sth too…to, so…as to . enough…to3) 原因状语一般放在句尾表示引起某种情绪的原(happy,lucky,fortunate, ashamed , surprised, shocked, sorry , glad, delighted, disappointed, anxious, unwise, foolish, rude, considerate, annoyed, bored, puzzled 等等)4)条件状语谓语动词中常有will, must , shall 等5)独立结构to tell the truth, to be ture, to be plain, to cut the matter short, to make matters worse, to be brief, to be exact, to conclude, to be honest, to start with, to sum up 等等Ing 词1)作时间状语相当于when引起的从句Hearing the news, they set off for Shanghai.2) 原因状语从句相当于because引导的从句Overcome with surprise, she was unable to stand.3) 方式或者伴随状语相当于一个并列句He walked down the hill, singing to himself.4) 条件状语从句相当于一个由if引导的从句如果…Given another chance, I will do it better.5) 结果状语从句相当于so that 引导的从句常由逗号自然的结果He turned off the light, seeing nothing.6)让步状语相当于though,although等引导的从句Admitting what I said, I still thought she had n’t tried her best.7)ing词的独立结构有xly speaking , judging from , taking everything into consideration, considering 等8) 这些ing词作状语时,前面有时可以由连接词when, while, unless, as if 等等六补语不定式1)常有固定用法ask request tell invite force press get beg wish prefer want intend expect encourage advise persuade allow forbid permit order urge warn remind 等等2)在两听三使等动词中要省略to,被动现to Ing词表同步进行或者已经完成。
词法:非谓语动词用法区别非谓语动词共有三种形式:不定式、动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed形式。
现以动词make为例,将非谓语动词的三种形式及其功能总结如下。
(1)非谓语动词的不定式①主动语态②被动语态③句法功能:在句中可做主、宾、表、定、状A.一般式to make A.一般式to be made 补语。
B.进行时to be making B.完成式to have been madeC.完成式to have made(2)非谓语动词的-ing形式①主动语态②被动语态③句法功能:在句中可做主、宾、表、定、状A.一般式making A.一般式:being made 补语。
B.完成式having made B.完成式:having been made(3)非谓语动词的-ed形式①被动语态A.一般式madeB.完成式made②句法功能:在句中可做表、定、状、补语。
由以上可以看出,非谓语动词的各种形式在意义上有相交叉的区域,因此认真区分它们的用法对于准确理解和表达英语是很有帮助的。
如to be done , being done , done , having been done 都可表示被动,同时都可作定语,但它们在作定语时是有明显区别的。
The school to be built is intended for the disabled children .即将要建的学校是为了残疾儿童而设的。
The school being built is intended for the disabled children .正在建设的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。
The school built last year is intended for the disabled children .去年建的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。
The school , having been built for two years , is intended for the disabled children .花了两年多建设的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。
英语语法详解动词不定式与动词ing形式的区别动词不定式和动词-ing形式都具有名词,形容词和副词的性质,在句中都可以作主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语和补语。
1.作主语和表语的区别一般来说,动词-ing形式多表示泛指的,抽象的,经常性的动作;而动词-ing形式多表示具体的行为,尤其是将来的行为。
Smoking is forbidden in the hospital. 医院里禁止吸烟。
(泛指的行为)To go swimming today is a good idea. 今天去游泳是个好主意。
(具体的行为)Her job is looking after the children. 她的工作是照看孩子们。
(经常性的行为)Her job today is to look after the children. 她今天的工作是照看孩子们。
(具体的行为)2.作宾语的区别⑴有些动词通常只跟动词不定式,而不跟动词-ing形式作宾语,常用的动词有:ask(要求)demand(要求)decide(决定)determine(决定)hope(希望)hope(希望)wish(希望)expect(期盼)long(渴望)desire(期望)fail(未能够)refuse(拒绝)threaten(威胁)pretend(假装)promise(允诺)undertake(允诺)agree(同意)afford(负担得起)arrange(安排)attempt(试图)choose(选择)learn(学习)plan(计划)offer(提供)manage(设法做到)等We decided to attend the meeting. 我们决定参加会议。
He promised to come back early. 他答应早点回来。
⑵有些动词通常只跟动词-ing形式作宾语,而不跟动词不定式作宾语,常用的动词有:advise(建议)suggest(建议)recommend(建议)permit(允许)allow(允许)enjoy(喜欢)feel like(喜欢,想要)appreciate (欣赏,感激)forgive(原谅)excuse(原谅)avoid(避免)escape (逃脱)miss(错过)resist(抵制)mind(介意)deny(否认)risk (冒险)consider(考虑)imagine(想象)delay(推迟)put off (推迟)admit(承认)finish(完成)keep(继续)practice(练习)include(包括)等。
动词ed 、动词ing、动词不定式的用法1、定义动词-ed和动词-ing形式常称作分词。
他们既有动词的特征,又有形容词和副词的特征,在英语中可以作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
2、构成(1)规则的动词后+ed构成动词-ed形式,不规则的需要记忆。
动词-ed形式没有一般式和完成式、主动语态和被动语态的变化。
(2)动词-ing形式有一般式和完成式、主动语态和被动语态区别。
下列以及物动词write和不及物动词go列表示例:writego主动被动动词-ing一般式writing being written going动词-ing完成式having written having been written动词-ed written gone3、用法(1)作定语单个的分词作定语,一般置于所修饰的词前;分词短语作定语置于所修饰的词后,相当于一个定语从句。
如:Many excited people wanted to travel on the underground.许多兴奋的人们想乘地铁旅行。
The countries you referred to just now belong to developing countries.你刚才提到的那些国家属于发展中国家。
People developed a kind of paper made from the fibers of plants.=People developed a kind of paper which/that was made from the fibers of plants.人们研制出一种用植物纤维制成的纸。
The houses being built are for the teachers.=The houses which/that are being built are for the teachers.正在(被)建的那些房子是给老师们的。
动词在句子的开头用什么形式写动词在句子的开头用什么形式写动词作为句子的核心,每个句子都必须包含动词。
动词的位置一般在句子的中间或尾部,但在某些情况下,动词会出现在句子的开头,为了达到一定的表达效果。
动词在句子开头的形式有以下几种:1. 动词原形动词原形是指没有任何变化的动词,例如:go、sing、dance、work等。
当动词作为句子的主语或状语时,通常以原形形式出现在句子开头。
比如:Go to bed early is good for health. 睡觉早对身体有益。
Singing in the rain is very romantic. 在雨中唱歌是很浪漫的。
2. 动词ing形式如果动词后面跟上-ing,那么它就是动名词或现在进行时态。
当动名词或现在进行时态作为主语或状语时,它们一般出现在句子的开头。
比如:Swimming is my favorite sport. 游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
Watching TV every night is not good for your eyesight. 每晚看电视对视力不利。
3. 动词过去分词形式当谓语动词是由be动词和过去分词形式构成的被动语态时,动词过去分词形式会出现在句子的开头。
例如:Written by Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet is a famous play. 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚创作的著名剧作。
Served with salad, the grilled fish tastes delicious. 烤鱼配沙拉,味道很棒。
4. 动词不定式形式动词不定式是指以“to”开头的动词。
它可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
当不定式作为主语或状语时,它们一般出现在句子的开头。
例如:To learn English well, we need to practice more. 为了学好英语,我们需要多多练习。
动词后用“ING形式”还是“动词不定式”?
一,有些动词即可跟ING形式,又可跟动词不定式,通常意思不一样。
最重要的动词如下advise, allow, attempt, can't bear, begin, continue, forbid, forget, go on, hate, hear, intend,
like, love, permit, prefer, propose, regret, remember, see, start, s top, try, watch
某些形容词的用法也这样:
accustomed, afraid, certain, interested sorry, sure, used
二,与remember, forget, stop, go on和regret连用时,其区别与时间有关联。
带ing 形式指的是发生较早的事(在remembering, forgetting等等之前发生的事);动词不定式指的是发生在remembering 等之后的事。
"remember + doing"指记得已经做了的事或已经发生的事。
"remember + to do"指记得需要做的事。
“forget + doing"指忘记已做的事或已发生的事。
"forget + to do"指忘记要做的事。
“stop + doing"指停下经常做或正在做的事。
"stop + to do" 指中断下来或停下来,以便做某事。
"go on + doing"指继续做一直在做的事。
"go on + to don"指变换下改做另一件事。
"regret + doing" 指对已发生的事感到遗憾。
"regret + to do" 指对将要说出的话感到歉意。
三,与形容词 interested 连用时,带ING形式指将要(或可能)发生的事,而动词不定式指已经发生的事。
interested in doing是对做某事的想法感兴趣。
interested doing是对所了解的事或经历的事感兴趣。
like doing (=enjoy)
I like walking in the rain.(也可以用动词不定式表达这个意思尤其是在美国英语中)like to do (=choose to ;be in the habit of; think it right to)
I like to get up early.
I didn't like to disturb you.
注意:would like的意思是wish 或want,后面永远跟动词不定式。
四,与love, hate, prefer 连用时,两种无大区别。
不过在指特定场合时更常用不定式。
allow, advise, forbid 和permit在不以人作宾语的情况下,后面跟带ING形式。
如说明了谁得到允许,受到劝告等时用不定式。
Sorry, we don't allow smoking in the reading room.
We don't allow people to smoke in here.
I wouldn't advise taking the car----there's nowhere to park.
I wouldn't advise you to take the car....
五,在see, watch, hear 之后用带ing形式,表示我们观察到了整个动作的一部分;当我们开始看或听见时,动作早已在进行。
当我们表示一个动作自始至终的全过程时,就用动词不定式。
When I walked past his house I heard him practising the violin.
I heard him play the Beethoven violin concerto last week.
try + doing 意思是“试一试,或做某事,以观察会发生什么事。
”
I tried sending her flowers but it didn't have any effect.
Try putting in some more salt-----that might make it taste a bit better.
try + to do 意思是做一番努力;试图做某种困难的事。
Please try to understand.
I once tried to learn Japanese
六,afraid of doing和afraid to do在意思上没有多少区别。
I'm afraid to fly/of flying.
I'm afraid to tell/ of telling her.
如果谈论那些我们自己并不希望也不能决定而突然发生在我们头上的事情,则只能用带ing 形式。
I'm afraid of crashing.(不能说... to crash.)
I don't like to speak French because I'm afraid of making mistakes.(不能说:... to make mistakes.)
试比较一下:
I'm afraid of diving/to dive into the swimming pool.(= I don't want to do it.) I'm afraid of falling into the swimming pool.(=I don't want it to happen to me.这里不能说:... to fall ....)
八,当我们为正在做或将要做的事表示歉意时,就用sorry带一动词不定式。
当我们为做了某事而道歉时就用动词不定式的完成式,或用for doing, 或that 从句。
Sorry to have woken you up yesterday.
I'm sorry for waking you up (or: for having woken you up.) yesterday
I'm sorry that I woke you up yesterday.
be certain/sure to do sth.意思是“肯定会做某事”。
讲的是将要发生的事。
be certain/sure of doing sth.意思是“觉得肯定要做某事”(但这种想法可能是错的)。
讲的是某人的思想状态。
Manchester are certain/sure to win: the other team haven't got a chance.
Before the game started Alan felt quite sure/certain of winning, but after the first five minutes he began to lose confidence。