虚拟语气表格归纳

虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood ）1.if （条件状语从句） 从句谓语（if ） 主句谓语形式 例句与现在事实相反 did/were would/could/should/might +doIf I were you,I shouldstudy English.与过去事实相反 had done would/could/should/might +have done If you had taken myadvice,you wouldn ’thave failed in the exam.与将来事实相反 ①did ②should do ③were to do would/could/should/might +do If it were to raintomorrow, the meeting would be put off.主、从句时间不一致，动词形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。

eg.：If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.“were,had,should + 主语”放句首（否定词not 不能放前面）。

eg.:①Were I in school again ，I would work harder. ②Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him. ③Should there be a meeting tomorrow,I would come. 注意：Were it not for the expense,I would go to Italy.(√）Weren ’t it for the expense,I would go to Italy.(×）常用词：①介词：with,without,but for(要不是，如果没有）；②连词：or,but ；③副词：otherwise. eg.:①Without air, there would be no living things. ②But for your help,I couldn ’t have finished it in advance.③I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would had taken part in thesports meeting.=If I hadn ’t been ill that day,I would had...2.wish （宾语从句）/if only (要是……就好了）从句谓语形式 例句 ①I wish it were spring all the year round. ②If only I were a bird!与过去事实相反had done①Jack drove fast and was in an accident. He said, “I wish I had driven more carefully!”. ②If only I had taken his advice.would/could/might do I wish you could go with us tomorrow.3.would rather + 从句（表示宁愿某人在现在或将来要做某事或过去做过某事） 条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序的情况 含蓄条件从句（省略if ，用其他词代替） 错综时间条件句 与现在事实相反 与将来事实相反did/were从句谓语形式 例句与现在或将来事实相反 did/were I would rather you came tomorrow.与过去事实相反 had doneI ’d rather you hadn ’t been present. 4.as if/as though,even if/though + 从句从句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反did/were He looked as if he were an artist. He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.would/could/might do He opened his mouth as if he would say something.注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。

状语从句中的虚构语气虚构语气在 if 指引的条从句（条件）主句（目的）件句中的用法三点：表示于此刻事实相反的If+ 主语 +动词的过去式（ be 用主语 +would(shouldcould虚构条件句were）might)+ 动词原型表示与过去事实相反的If+ 主语 +had+ 动词的过去分主语 +would （ should could 拟条件句词might ） +have+动词的过去分词表示与未来事实相反的If+ 主语 +should（ were to） + 主语 +would （ could should 虚构条件句动词原型 / 动词的过去式might ） +动词原型混淆条件句——主从句有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，时间不一致的状况下的这是动作的形式应依据它所表示的时间加以调整。

虚构语气有时虚构条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语委婉条件句（ otherwise ，or ，without ，but for ）上下文或其余方式来表示。

条件从句中省略 if 采纳倒装语序的状况虚拟语气在 as if/as though 指引的方式状语从句中1.条件暗含在短语中；2.条件暗含在上下文中；3.虚构式变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。

在if 指引的表示虚构的条件状语从句中，有时能够把虚构条件中的连词 if 省去，而将 had ， should ， were 等助动词提到主语以前。

例：原句： If she were younger,she,would do it.去if ： Were she younger,she,would do it.1.表示与此刻事实相反或对此刻状况有思疑，谓语动词用过去式。

2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去达成时。

3．表示与未来事实相反注意： 1.在 as if/as though 句中，假如有可能成为事实，用陈说语气。

例： He looks as if he going to be ill.2.as though 或 as if 指引的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语同样时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。

完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图Revised on November 25, 2020．选择题1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tiredA. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven ; wouldn’t have got4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the YangpuBridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prisonA. refersB. referringC. referredD. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with himA. on him to go; should beB. he went; beC. he go; wasD. he should to; is8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than todayA. tellsB. toldC. would tellD. had told9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homeworkA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meetA. would have taken part inB. took part inC. had taken part inD. would take part in11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been forB. If it were notC. If it had not been forD. Were it not for12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from goingA. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13. ____hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to workB. Had he workedC. Should he workD. Were he to work14. ____today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right nowA. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. comeD. had come17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helpedD. were,would have helped18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climbB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD.hadn’t been, could climb19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be20. ---I am going to tell her the news---I would as soon you _____her about itA. didn’t tellB. don’t tellC. hadn’t tellD. won’t tell21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____homeA. stayedB. could stayC. has stayedD. stay22. It was requested that the play ____againA. should put onB. would put onC. be put onD. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediatelyA. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness----Yes, but ____itA. I’d rather not doB. I’d rather not have doneC. I should’ t doD. I’d better not do25. If only I ___my carA. hadn’t lostB. wouldn’t loseC. didn’t loseD. haven’t lost26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earthA. isB. wouldC. wereD. wouldn’t be27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time beingA. doB. didn’t doC. don’tD. didn’t28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own sonA. isB. wereC. had beenD. should be29. How the old people wish that they ____young once moreA. wereB. could becomeC. had beenD. should be30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had held31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dyingA. even if , wasB. though, would beC. even, had beenD. as if, were32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had notB. did not have hadC. hadn’t hadD. hadn’t have33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question againA. will discussB. to discussC. should discussD. will be discussed34. He requested that the students ____them get in cropsA. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rulesA. obeysB. ObeyC. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I ____here thenA. wasB. had beenC. wereD. would be37. It is strange that he ____back so earlyA. cameB. will comeC. had comeD. should have come38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TVA. didB. doC. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest SundayA. be putB. putC. should putD. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ thereA. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before elevenA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Par ker to you, and ____ you forget it!A. doB. didn’tC. didD. don’t43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morningA. would, have washedB. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washingD. could have, had washing44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had triedB. hadn’t triedC. have triedD. didn’t try45. ----How could I thank you enough----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____itA. must doB. could doC. would have doneD. should have done46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continueA. be, be delayedB. is, delayC. should be, be delayedD. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deathsA. it would have been B. it would be C. there would be D. there would have been48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.A. requested, deliver B. demand, be deliveredC. request, should deliverD. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorderA. made unpunishedB. came unpunishedC. went unpunishedD. not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____lateA. would beB. wereC. will beD. would have been51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen thenA. comeB. cameC. would comeD. will come52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meetingA. had put onB. should put onC. have put onD. will put on53. I hope that you ____ rightA. will beB. should beC. wereD. would be54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to youA. amB. have beenC. should beD. would be55. He insisted that we ____early the next morningA. startB. startedC. would startD. had started56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. had comeD. came57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema insteadA. must have studiedB. might studyC. would studyD. would have studied58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last weekA. were not, could have climbedB. were not, could climbC. had not been , could have climbedD. had not been, could climb答案1-10 C B D B C C C B A A11-20 D A B A C D B C D A21-30 D C C B A C B B A B31-40 D C C A B B D B A A41-50 C D C B C D D B C D51-58 B B A A AC D C。

虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）1.欧阳歌谷（2021.02.01）2.if（条件状语从句）3.wish（宾语从句）/if only(要是……就好了）4.would rather+ 从句（表示宁愿某人在现在或将来要做某事或过去做过某事）5.as if/as though,even if/though + 从句---------------------------------------------------------------------5.在表示“坚持、要求、命令、建议”之类的动词后的宾语从句中，用“（should）+动词原形”。

6.虚拟语气用于主语从句7.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句 [用（should)+动词原形]8.虚拟语气用于定语从句这种从句常用在It is (high) time (that)...句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should + 动词原形（should不能省略，be用were来表示），意为“（现在）该……”。

【好题珍藏】1.Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. （Pano M6 P16:15)A.livesB.would liveC.has livedD.were to live【解析】主句说明了客观事实，if从句是对将来事实的假设。

见“1.if（条件状语从句）——与将来事实相反”。

【答案】D2.If Mr.Dewey present,he would have offered any possible assistanceto the people there. （Pano M6 P16:16) A.were B.had been C.should be D.was【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）——与过去事实相反”。

虚拟语气一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句（一）形式I.动词的语气简介：语气——表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。

在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。

•虚拟语气——与事实相反，表达的是怀疑、忧虑推测、祝愿等。

II.虚拟语气的运用一、在if条件从句中的运用（一）表格及注意事项•注：• 1. 目前，虚拟语气的were除了在If I were you 的结构中不能改动外，其他有些情况可以用was。

• 2. 如果表示否定的意思，多用过去时结构，用should和were to较少。

（二）、虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装若符合下列条件，可以省略if:• 1.必须是非真实条件句，并且有时，才可以省略if.• 2.省略if时，主语与的位置必须相互调换。

例：（1）万一我见到她，我会告诉她的。

If I should meet her, I would tell her.（2）如果我处在你的位置上，我会做得更好。

If I were in your position, I would do it better.（3）如果他们准备了的话，他们应该能成功的。

If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded.(三)含蓄条件句假设情况不以if条件句表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语，不定式表现出来。

如with，without，but，but for， otherwise等。

根据句子要表达的事态，选择相应的虚拟语气的形式。

I lost her phone number, otherwise I her up.我弄丢了她的电话号码，否则我就能打给她了If I had not lost her phone number…But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to school.要不是有你的帮助，我不会有机会去学校的。