Java小程序之山寨版超级玛丽一、游戏基本功能1、能够向左向右行走（键盘监听）2、能够跳跃3、能够发射子弹4、能够检测和障碍物之间的碰撞5、背景图片的移动二、游戏运行界面三、游戏大致实现思路：1.窗体2.自己角色的添加3.背景图片的添加4.背景图片的移动5.人物的移动和跳跃6.砖头、水管等等障碍物的添加7.任务和障碍物的碰撞难点分析：1.人物的多键控制1）给人物设定方向boolean变量：向左、向右、向上、向下2）通过键盘监听来修改方向的变量值按下某个键的时候，我们把相应方向改为true，释放的时候改false 2.地图配置自定义文件读取方式实现：文件流的使用和字符串String类的方法调用3.碰撞检测封装一个Rectangle类的对象4.子弹添加1）先定义一个容器，这个用于封装所有的子弹对象2）按下某个键的时候，创建一个子弹对象（以角色的坐标为基准初始化）3）把子弹对象添加到容器当中4）在paint方法中，遍历容器，取出子弹对象并进行绘制5）检测子弹如果超出了窗体边界，则需要把当前子弹从容器当中移除掉四、程序源代码：代码结构图：分了三个包、敌人类包、游戏界面类包、游戏地图配置包com.huaxin.mario包：[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片package com.huaxin.mario;import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.Graphics;import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;import java.util.ArrayList;import javax.swing.ImageIcon;import javax.swing.JFrame;import com.huaxin.enery.Enery;import com.huaxin.enery.Pipe;import Util.Map;public class GameFrame extends JFrame{public Mario mario;public Enery pipe,cion,brick;//背景图片public BackgroundImage bg ;//容器装敌人public ArrayList<Enery> eneryList = new ArrayList<Enery>();//子弹容器public ArrayList<Boom> boomList = new ArrayList<Boom>();//子弹的速度public int bspeed=0;//画地图，制定规则，是1画砖头，是2画金币，是3画水管public int [][] map =null;//构造函数里面初始化背景图片和马里奥对象public GameFrame() throws Exception {mario = new Mario(this);mario.start();Map mp= new Map();bg = new BackgroundImage();//窗体重绘线程new Thread(){public void run(){while(true){//重绘窗体repaint();//检查子弹是否出界checkBoom();try {Thread.sleep(10);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}.start();map=mp.readMap();//读取地图，并配置地图for (int i = 0; i < map.length; i++) {for (int j = 0; j < map[0].length; j++) {//读取到的是1，画砖头if(map[i][j]==1){brick = new Pipe(j*30,i*30,30,30,new ImageIcon("image/brick.png").getImage());eneryList.add(brick);}//读到2画金币if(map[i][j]==2){cion = new Pipe(j*30,i*30,30,30,new ImageIcon("image/coin_brick.png").getImage());eneryList.add(cion);}//读到3画水管if(map[i][j]==3){pipe = new Pipe(j*30,i*30,60,120,new ImageIcon("image/pipe.png").getImage());eneryList.add(pipe);}}}//设置背景音乐com.huaxin.music.Util.startMusic("music/bg1.wav");}public void initFrame(){//设置窗体相关属性this.setSize(800,450);this.setTitle("山寨版超级玛丽");this.setResizable(false);this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);this.setDefaultCloseOperation(3);this.setVisible(true);//该窗体添加键盘监听KeyListener kl = new KeyListener(this);this.addKeyListener(kl);}public void paint(Graphics g) {//利用双缓冲画背景图片和马里奥BufferedImage bi =(BufferedImage)this.createImage(this.getSize().width,this.getSize().height);Graphics big =bi.getGraphics();big.drawImage(bg.img, bg.x, bg.y, null);for (int i = 0; i <eneryList.size(); i++) {Enery e =eneryList.get(i);big.drawImage(e.img, e.x, e.y, e.width, e.height,null);}//画子弹for (int i = 0; i < boomList.size(); i++) {Boom b =boomList.get(i);Color c =big.getColor();big.setColor(Color.red);big.fillOval(b.x+=b.speed, b.y, b.width, b.width);big.setColor(c);}//画人物big.drawImage(mario.img, mario.x, mario.y, mario.width, mario.height,null);g.drawImage(bi,0,0,null);}//检查子弹是否出界，出界则从容器中移除，不移除的话，内存会泄漏public void checkBoom(){for (int i = 0; i < boomList.size(); i++) {Boom b = boomList.get(i);if(b.x<0 || b.x>800){boomList.remove(i);}}}}[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片package com.huaxin.mario;import java.awt.Image;import java.awt.Rectangle;import javax.swing.ImageIcon;import com.huaxin.enery.Enery;//自己的角色类public class Mario extends Thread{public GameFrame gf;public boolean jumpFlag=true;//马里奥的坐标public int x=0,y=358;//马里奥的速度public int xspeed=5,yspeed=1;//马里奥的宽高public int width=30,height=32;//马里奥的图片public Image img = new ImageIcon("image/mari1.png").getImage();public boolean left=false,right=false,down=false,up=false;public String Dir_Up="Up",Dir_Left="Left",Dir_Right="Right",Dir_Down="Down";public Mario (GameFrame gf) {this.gf=gf;this.Gravity();}public void run(){while(true){//向左走if(left){//碰撞到了if(hit(Dir_Left)){this.xspeed=0;}if(this.x>=0){this.x-=this.xspeed;this.img=new ImageIcon("image/mari_left.gif").getImage();}this.xspeed=5;}//向右走if(right){if(hit(Dir_Right)){this.xspeed=0;}//任人物向右移动if(this.x<400){this.x+=this.xspeed;this.img=new ImageIcon("image/mari_right.gif").getImage();}if(this.x>=400){//背景向左移动gf.bg.x-=this.xspeed;//障碍物项左移动for (int i = 0; i <gf.eneryList.size(); i++) {Enery enery = gf.eneryList.get(i);enery.x-=this.xspeed;}this.img=new ImageIcon("image/mari_right.gif").getImage();}this.xspeed=5;}//向上跳if(up){if(jumpFlag && !isGravity){jumpFlag=false;new Thread(){public void run(){jump();jumpFlag=true;}}.start();}}try {this.sleep(20);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}//向上跳的函数public void jump(){int jumpHeigh=0;for (int i = 0; i < 150; i++) {gf.mario.y-=this.yspeed;jumpHeigh++;if(hit(Dir_Up)){break;}try {Thread.sleep(5);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}for (int i = 0; i <jumpHeigh; i++) {gf.mario.y+=this.yspeed;if(hit(Dir_Down)){this.yspeed=0;}try {Thread.sleep(5);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}this.yspeed=1;//还原速度}//检测碰撞public boolean hit(String dir){Rectangle myrect = new Rectangle(this.x,this.y,this.width,this.height);Rectangle rect =null;for (int i = 0; i < gf.eneryList.size(); i++) {Enery enery = gf.eneryList.get(i);if(dir.equals("Left")){rect = new Rectangle(enery.x+2,enery.y,enery.width,enery.height);}else if(dir.equals("Right")){rect = new Rectangle(enery.x-2,enery.y,enery.width,enery.height);}else if(dir.equals("Up")){rect = new Rectangle(enery.x,enery.y+1,enery.width,enery.height);}else if(dir.equals("wn")){rect = new Rectangle(enery.x,enery.y-2,enery.width,enery.height);}//碰撞检测if(myrect.intersects(rect)){return true;}}return false;}//检查是否贴地public boolean isGravity=false;public void Gravity(){new Thread(){public void run(){while(true){try {sleep(10);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}if(!jumpFlag){}while(true){if(!jumpFlag){break;}if(hit(Dir_Down)){break;}if(y>=358){isGravity=false;}else{isGravity=true;y+=yspeed;}try {sleep(10);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}}.start();}}[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片package com.huaxin.mario;import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;import javax.swing.ImageIcon;//键盘按下监听类public class KeyListener extends KeyAdapter{public GameFrame gf;public boolean jumpFlag=true;public KeyListener(GameFrame gf) {this.gf=gf;}//键盘监听public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {int code = e.getKeyCode();switch(code){//向右走case 39:gf.mario.right=true;break;//向左走case 37:gf.mario.left=true;break;case 66:addBoom();break;//向上跳case 74:gf.mario.up=true;break;}}//添加子弹public void addBoom() {Boom b = new Boom(gf.mario.x,gf.mario.y+5,10);if(gf.mario.left) b.speed=-2;if(gf.mario.right) b.speed=2;gf.boomList.add(b);}//键盘释放监听public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {int code=e.getKeyCode();if(code==39){gf.mario.right=false;gf.mario.img=new ImageIcon("image/mari1.png").getImage();}if(code==37){gf.mario.left=false;gf.mario.img=new ImageIcon("image/mari_left1.png").getImage();}if(code==74){gf.mario.up=false;}}}[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片package com.huaxin.mario;import java.awt.Image;import javax.swing.ImageIcon;public class BackgroundImage {public int x=0,y=0;public int ox=0,oy=0;public Image img=new ImageIcon("image/startBack.jpg").getImage();}[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片package com.huaxin.mario;//子弹类public class Boom {//子弹的坐标，大小，速度int x,y;int width;int speed=1;public Boom(int x, int y, int width) {super();this.x = x;this.y = y;this.width = width;}}主函数类，作为整个程序的入口[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片package com.huaxin.mario;public class Test {//主函数，程序入口public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {GameFrame gf = new GameFrame();gf.initFrame();}}com.huaxin.enery包：[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片<span style="color:#333333;">package com.huaxin.enery;import java.awt.Image;//障碍物的抽象父类public abstract class Enery {public int x,y;public int width,height;public Image img;public Enery(int x, int y, int width, int height,Image img) {this.x = x;this.y = y;this.width = width;this.height = height;this.img=img;}}</span><span style="color:#ff0000;"></span>[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片package com.huaxin.enery;import java.awt.Image;//金币类public class Coin extends Enery{public Coin(int x, int y, int width, int height, Image img) {super(x, y, width, height, img);}}[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片package com.huaxin.enery;import java.awt.Image;//砖头类public class Brick extends Enery {public Brick(int x, int y, int width, int height, Image img) {super(x, y, h, height, img);}}[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片package com.huaxin.enery;import java.awt.Image;//水管类public class Pipe extends Enery {public Pipe(int x, int y, int width, int height, Image img) {super(x, y, width, height, img);}}com.huaxin.util包：[java] view plain copy print?在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片package Util;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.util.ArrayList;//地图配置类public class Map {//数据容器public ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();public int [][] map=null;public int[][] readMap() throws Exception {// 构造文件输入流FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("map.txt");InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis);BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);//直接读取一行数据String value =br.readLine();while(value!=null){//将读取到的一行数据加入到容器中list.add(value);value =br.readLine();}br.close();//得到多少行多少列int row=list.size();int cloum=0;for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {String str=list.get(i);String [] values=str.split(",");cloum=values.length;}map = new int [row][cloum];//将读到的字符创转换成整数，并赋值给二位数组mapfor (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {String str=list.get(i);String [] values=str.split(",");for (int j = 0; j < values.length; j++) {map[i][j]=Integer.parseInt(values[j]);}}return map;}}五、项目总结：这个小项目看起来挺简单的，其实里面也有很多功能需要仔细去思考的，以前觉得游戏人物在窗体走的时候，觉得一直是人在走，其实，人物走到中间或者走到某一位置的时候，人物已经是在原地踏步了，取而代之的是背后那张长度很长的背景的图片在移动，任务的左右移动相对而言比较简答实现，跳跃功能就不是那么简单了，需要永达线程，跟后面障碍物碰撞检测又有关系，当没有碰到的时候，人物要往下掉，一不注意就会出现各种bug，比如，可以一直跳，在跳的同时还能再跳，还有就是下降可能不会落地面的同一高度，可能会高于地面的高度，可能会低于地面的高度；障碍物的添加，我们是通过配置地图的方式，配置地图有时通过读入文件的操作，大致的原理是将后面的那张的背景图片划分成很多的小格子，将这些小格子用代码转换为二位数组，二维数组可以存入不同数字，代表不同的障碍物，通过操作文件就可以轻易配置地图；首先通过文件输入流将文件数据读入，将字符转换为数字，并存储在二维数组中，后面，通过遍历二维数组的不同位置的值，在相应的格子填充相应的障碍物；地图就这样配置好了；觉得配地图很炫酷，因为以前有位学长在演示的时候，觉得好难，现在自己掌握了觉得也不是很难了，当然了，这里离不开老师的指导；碰撞检测类似之前小球的碰撞检测，这里主要需要处理碰撞之后的一些逻辑，如何避免一直碰撞（人物贴着障碍物不能动）等；发射子弹的话，也比较简单了，利用容器装子弹，不过需要注意的是要及时将容器中子弹移除，不然内存会很快被吃完的；。
