专题06 完形填空(记叙文体)-备战2022年高考英语母题题源解密(新高考版)(解析版)

专题06 一元二次方程与一元一次不等式（组）及其应用考向1 一元二次方程解法及其应用【母题来源】（2021·浙江丽水）【母题题文】用配方法解方程x2+4x+1＝0时，配方结果正确的是（）A．（x﹣2）2＝5 B．（x﹣2）2＝3 C．（x+2）2＝5 D．（x+2）2＝3【母题来源】（2021·浙江台州）【母题题文】关于x的方程x2﹣4x+m＝0有两个不相等的实数根，则m的取值范围是（）A．m＞2 B．m＜2 C．m＞4 D．m＜4【母题来源】（2021·浙江舟山）【母题题文】小敏与小霞两位同学解方程3（x﹣3）＝（x﹣3）2的过程如下框：小敏：两边同除以（x﹣3），得3＝x﹣3，则x＝6．小霞：移项，得3（x﹣3）﹣（x﹣3）2＝0，提取公因式，得（x﹣3）（3﹣x﹣3）＝0．则x﹣3＝0或3﹣x﹣3＝0，解得x1＝3，x2＝0．你认为他们的解法是否正确？若正确请在框内打“√”；若错误请在框内打“×”，并写出你的解答过程．【母题来源】（2021·浙江湖州）【母题题文】今年以来，我市接待的游客人数逐月增加，据统计，游玩某景区的游客人数三月份为4万人，五月份为5.76万人．（1）求四月和五月这两个月中该景区游客人数平均每月增长百分之几；（2）若该景区仅有A，B两个景点，售票处出示的三种购票方式如下表所示：购票方式甲乙丙可游玩景点A B A和B门票价格 100元/人 80元/人 160元/人据预测，六月份选择甲、乙、丙三种购票方式的人数分别有2万、3万和2万，并且当甲、乙两种门票价格不变时，丙种门票价格每下降1元，将有600人原计划购买甲种门票的游客和400人原计划购买乙种门票的游客改为购买丙种门票．①若丙种门票价格下降10元，求景区六月份的门票总收入；②问：将丙种门票价格下降多少元时，景区六月份的门票总收入有最大值？最大值是多少万元？【试题分析】以上题目考察的一元二次方程的解法及其应用；【命题意图】一元二次方程的解法有四种，其中中考中对配方法与公式法考察较多；一元二次方程的应用题因为和一次方程的应用题的思考方式变化不大，中考中一般也不单独考察，常常和二次函数联合考察其应用；【命题方向】浙江中考中，一元二次方程这个考点通常不会单独出题，并不是因为它在中考中占分少，而是因为在后续几何题目中的计算，都会考到一元二次方程的解法，单独的应用题考察很少，或者基本不考；复习中，能用配方法、公式法、因式分解法熟练解一元二次方程，会用一元二次方程根的判别式判断方程根的情况，了解一元二次方程的根与系数的关系即可； 【得分要点】一元二次方式知识总结一般形式）（002≠=++a c bx ax特征：①自含有1个未知数②未知数的最高次数是2次 ③是整式方程解法直接开方法配方法用法提醒：①先将常数项移到=右边；②二次项系数为1时，配方时加上的是一次想系数一半的平方因式分解法因式分解的一般步骤：①提取公因式，②套用乘法公式，③二次三项式想十字相乘公式法求根公式：）（042422≥--±-=ac b aac b b x根的判别式ac b 42-方程没有实数根；＜根；方程有两个相等的实数数根；方程有两个不相等的实＞⇔-⇔=-⇔-040404222ac b ac b ac b 韦达定理若一元二次方程）（002≠=++a c bx ax 的两个根分别为21x x 、则ac x x a bx x =•-=+2121； 实际应用 一般步骤：①审题， ②设元， ③列方程， ④解方程， ⑤检验， ⑥写出答案考向2 一元一次不等式（组）的解法【母题来源】（2021·浙江金华）【母题题文】一个不等式的解集在数轴上表示如图，则这个不等式可以是（ ）A ．x +2＞0B ．x ﹣2＜0C ．2x ≥4D ．2﹣x ＜0【母题来源】（2021·浙江丽水）【母题题文】若﹣3a ＞1，两边都除以﹣3，得（ ） A ．a ＜﹣B ．a ＞﹣C ．a ＜﹣3D ．a ＞﹣3【母题来源】（2021·浙江衢州）【母题题文】 不等式2（y +1）＜y +3的解集为 ． 【母题来源】（2021·浙江湖州）【母题题文】不等式3x ﹣1＞5的解集是（ ） A ．x ＞2B ．x ＜2C ．x ＞D ．x ＜【母题来源】（2021·浙江温州） 【母题题文】 不等式组的解集为 ．【母题来源】（2021·浙江绍兴）【母题题文】（1）计算：4sin60°﹣+（2﹣）0．（2）解不等式：5x+3≥2（x+3）．【母题来源】（2021·浙江杭州）【母题题文】以下是圆圆解不等式组的解答过程：解：由①，得2+x＞﹣1，所以x＞﹣3．由②，得1﹣x＞2，所以﹣x＞1，所以x＞﹣1．所以原不等式组的解集是x＞﹣1．圆圆的解答过程是否有错误？如果有错误，请写出正确的解答过程．【母题来源】（2021·浙江宁波）【母题题文】（1）计算：（1+a）（1﹣a）+（a+3）2．（2）解不等式组：．【试题分析】以上题目都考察了一元一次不等式（组）的解法，以及在数轴上表示不等式的解集；【命题意图】一元一次不等式（组）的解法是在理解并掌握不等式的基本性质的基础上，对一元一次不等式的解法步骤的考察，而不等式组则是在解完每个不等式后，考察考生对解集公共部分的理解；【命题方向】浙江中考中，一元一次不等式（组）的解法考察形式较多，选择题、填空题或者简答题都有可能单独出题，而且一般都会考，但考题难度一般不大，考生需要掌握的能力为：准确掌握一元一次不等式（组）的解法，并能在数轴上表示出解集，会用数轴确定由两个一元一次不等式组成的不等式组的解集。

方程与不等式形如2x p+=（p≥0）的一元二次方程可采用直接开平方的nx m p()=或2方法解一元二次方程．如果方程化成2x p=的形式，那么可得x＝±；如果方程能化成2+=（p≥0）的形式，那么nx+m＝±．()nx m p注意：①等号左边是一个数的平方的形式而等号右边是一个非负数．1.把x ＝（b2﹣4ac≥0）叫做一元二次方程20ax bx c ++=（a≠0）的求根公式．2.用求根公式解一元二次方程的方法是公式法．3.用公式法解一元二次方程的一般步骤为：①把方程化成一般形式，进而确定a ，b ，c 的值（注意符号）；②求出24b ac -的值（若240b ac -<，方程无实数根）；③在240b ac -≥的前提下，把a 、b 、c 的值代入公式进行计算求出方程的根．注意：用公式法解一元二次方程的前提条件有两个：①a≠0；②240b ac -≥．1.因式分解法解一元二次方程的意义②将方程的左边分解为两个一次因式的乘积；③令每个因式分别为零，得到两个一元一次方程；④解这两个一元一次方程，它们的解就都是原方程的解．根的判别式利用一元二次方程根的判别式（24b ac ∆=-）判断方程的根的情况．一元二次方程20ax bx c ++=（a≠0）的根与24b ac ∆=-有如下关系：①当0∆>时，方程有两个不相等的两个实数根；②当0∆=时，方程有两个相等的两个实数根；③当0∆<时，方程无实数根．上面的结论反过来也成立．一元二次方程根的情况与判别式的关系 1.当240b ac ->时，方程2(0)0ax bx c a ++=≠有两个不相等的实数根；2.当240b ac -=时，方程2(0)0ax bx c a ++=≠有1个（两个相等的）实数根；3.当240b ac -<时，方程2(0)0ax bx c a ++=≠没有实数根．根与系数关系 1.若二次项系数为1，常用以下关系：12，x x 是方程20x px q ++=的两根时，12x x p +=-，12x x q =，反过来可得12()p x x =-+，12q x x =，前者是已知系数确定根的相关问题，后者是已知两根确定方程中未知系数．2.若二次项系数不为1，则常用以下关系：12，x x 是一元二次方程20ax bx c ++=（a≠0）的两根时，12b x x a +=-，12c x x a=，反过来也成立，即12()b x x a =-+，12c x x a=．3.常用根与系数的关系解决以下问题：①不解方程，判断两个数是不是一元二次方程的两个根．②已知方程及方程的一个根，求另一个根及未知数．③不解方程求关于根的式子的值，如求，2212x x +等等．④判断两根的符号．⑤求作新方程．⑥由给出的两根满足的条件，确定字母的取值．这类问题比较综合，解题时除了利用根与系数的关系，同时还要考虑a≠0，△≥0这两个前提条件．利用一元二次方程解决实际列一元二次方程解应用题的“六字诀”1．审：理解题意，明确未知量、已知量以及它们之间的数量关系．1.类型1：如图1所示的矩形ABCD长为a，宽为b，空白“回形”道路的宽为x，则阴影部分的面积为()(--．a xb x22)2.类型2：如图2所示的矩形ABCD长为a，宽为b，阴影道路的宽为x，则空白部分的面积为()()--．a xb x3.类型3：如图3所示的矩形ABCD长为a，宽为b，阴影道路的宽为x，则4块空白部分的面积之和可转化为()()--．a xb x图1 图2 图31.重叠类型（双循环）：n支球队互相之间都要打一场比赛，总共比赛场1）支球队比赛，∴1支球队需要比（的一元二次方程的一个根，．＜＜．＜＜解得，＝．＜＜＜＜，＜．①若，则＝，＝，时，（×9（x∴或或，∴或或，当时，当时，当时，6+6+2+，﹣，然后计算代数式＝或﹣，2+，﹣，2+，﹣，4+2+2﹣＝6+．►考向三解一元二次方程-配方法6．（2023•新疆）用配方法解一元二次方程x2﹣6x+8＝0配方后得到的方程是（ ）A．（x+6）2＝28B．（x﹣6）2＝28C．（x+3）2＝1D．（x﹣3）2＝1【思路点拨】利用解一元二次方程﹣配方法，进行计算即可解答．【规范解答】解：x2﹣6x+8＝0，x2﹣6x＝﹣8，x2﹣6x+9＝﹣8+9，（x﹣3）2＝1，故选：D．【真题剖析】本题考查了解一元二次方程﹣配方法，熟练掌握解一元二次方程﹣配方法是解题的关键．7．（2022•无锡）（1）解方程：x2+6x﹣1＝0；（2）解不等式组：．【思路点拨】（1）用配方法解方程即可；（2）求出每个不等式的解集，再找公共解集即可．【规范解答】解：（1）∵x2+6x﹣1＝0，∴（x+3）2＝10，∴x+3＝或x+3＝﹣，∴x1＝﹣3，x2＝﹣﹣3；（2）解不等式①得：x≤2，解不等式②得：x＞﹣3，∴不等式组的解集为﹣3＜x≤2．【真题剖析】本题考查解一元二次方程和解一元一次不等式组，解题的关键是掌握配方法和求公共解集的方法．8．（2022•徐州）（1）解方程：x2﹣2x﹣1＝0；（2）解不等式组：．【思路点拨】（1）方程移项后，利用完全平方公式配方，开方即可求出解；（2）分别求出不等式组中两不等式的解集，找出两解集的公共部分即可．【规范解答】解：（1）方程移项得：x2﹣2x＝1，配方得：x2﹣2x+1＝2，即（x﹣1）2＝2，开方得：x﹣1＝±，解得：x1＝1+，x2＝1﹣；（2），由①得：x≥1，由②得：x＞2，则不等式组的解集为x＞2．【真题剖析】此题考查了解一元一次不等式组，以及解一元二次方程﹣配方法，熟练掌握不等式组的解法及方程的解法是解本题的关键．►考向四解一元二次方程-公式法9．（2023•台湾）利用公式解可得一元二次方程式3x2﹣11x﹣1＝0 的两解为a、b，且a＞b，求a值为何（ ）A．B．C．D．【思路点拨】利用公式法即可求解．【规范解答】解：3x2﹣11x﹣1＝0，这里a＝3，b＝﹣11，c＝﹣1，∴Δ＝（﹣11）2﹣4×3×（﹣1）＝133＞0，∴x＝＝，∵一元二次方程式3x2﹣11x﹣1＝0 的两解为a、b，且a＞b，∴a的值为．故选：D．【真题剖析】本题考查了解一元二次方程﹣公式法，能熟练运用公式法解答方程是解此题的关键．10．（2022•东营）一元二次方程x2+4x﹣8＝0的解是（ ）A．x1＝2+2，x2＝2﹣2B．x1＝2+2，x2＝2﹣2C．x1＝﹣2+2，x2＝﹣2﹣2D．x1＝﹣2+2，x2＝﹣2﹣2【思路点拨】根据公式法解一元二次方程的步骤求解即可．【规范解答】解：∵a＝1，b＝4，c＝﹣8，∴Δ＝42﹣4×1×（﹣8）＝48＞0，则x＝＝＝﹣2±2，∴x1＝﹣2+2，x2＝﹣2﹣2，故选：D．【真题剖析】本题主要考查解一元二次方程，解一元二次方程常用的方法有：直接开平方法、因式分解时，＝时，＝＝　．＝．＝．【思路点拨】（1）先根据数轴确定（2）根据方程的系数特点，选择配方法、公式法或因式分解法．＝＝＝1±．1+，﹣；±2．2+2，2；＝（2x ﹣y ）2+4x ﹣2y +x 2+4x +3＝（2x ﹣y ）2+2（2x ﹣y ）+1﹣1+x 2+4x +4﹣4+3＝[（2x ﹣y ）2+2（2x ﹣y ）+1]+（x 2+4x +4）﹣2＝（2x ﹣y +1）2+（x +2）2﹣2，∵x ，y 均为实数，∴（2x ﹣y +1）2≥0，（x +2）2≥0，∴原式W ≥﹣2，即原式的W 的最小值为：﹣2，解法二：由题意5x 2+（8﹣4y ）x +（y 2﹣2y +3﹣W ）＝0，∵x 为实数，∴（8﹣4y ）2﹣20（y 2﹣2y +3﹣W ）≥0，即5W ≥（y +3）2﹣10≥﹣10，∴W ≥﹣2，∴W 的最小值为：﹣2，故答案为：﹣2．【真题剖析】本题考查配方法的应用及偶次幂的非负性，利用配方法把原式整理为“平方+常数”的形式是解题的关键．15．（2022•乐山）已知m 2+n 2+10＝6m ﹣2n ，则m ﹣n ＝　4　．【思路点拨】根据完全平方公式得出m 和n 的值即可得出结论．【规范解答】解：∵m 2+n 2+10＝6m ﹣2n ，∴m 2﹣6m +9+n 2+2n +1＝0，即（m ﹣3）2+（n +1）2＝0，∴m ＝3，n ＝﹣1，∴m ﹣n ＝4，故答案为：4．【真题剖析】本题主要考查完全平方公式，根据完全平方公式得出m 和n 的值是解题的关键．►考向七 根的判别式解题技巧/易错易混/特别提醒1.当240b ac ->时，方程2(0)0ax bx c a ++=≠有两个不相等的实数根；2.当240b ac -=时，方程2(0)0ax bx c a ++=≠有1个（两个相等的）实数根；3.当240b ac -<时，方程2(0)0ax bx c a ++=≠没有实数根．16．（2023•眉山）关于x 的一元二次方程x 2﹣2x +m ﹣2＝0有两个不相等的实数根，则m 的取值范围是（ ）．﹣　．﹣．﹣．＜≤＜且≤且≤，≤且是方程的两个实数根，且+＝﹣，求，由+＝﹣进行变形直接代入得到∵+＝＝＝﹣，∴，整理得＝．﹣，＝．也考查了根的判别式．【思路点拨】设每月盈利的平均增长率是x，利用5月份盈利＝3月份盈利×（1+每月盈利的平均增长率）2，可列出关于x的一元二次方程，解之取其符合题意的值，即可得出结论．【规范解答】解：设每月盈利的平均增长率是x，根据题意得：5000（1+x）2＝7200，解得：x1＝0.2＝20%，x2＝﹣2.2（不符合题意，舍去），∴每月盈利的平均增长率是20%．故答案为：20%．【真题剖析】本题考查了一元二次方程的应用，找准等量关系，正确列出一元二次方程是解题的关键．24．（2023•东营）如图，老李想用长为70m的栅栏，再借助房屋的外墙（外墙足够长）围成一个矩形羊圈ABCD，并在边BC上留一个2m宽的门（建在EF处，另用其他材料）．（1）当羊圈的长和宽分别为多少米时，能围成一个面积为640m2的羊圈？（2）羊圈的面积能达到650m2吗？如果能，请你给出设计方案；如果不能，请说明理由．【思路点拨】（1）根据BC＝栅栏总长﹣2AB，再利用矩形面积公式即可求出；（2）把S＝650代入x（72﹣2x）中函数解析式中，解方程，取在自变量范围内的值即可．【规范解答】解：（1）设矩形ABCD的边AB＝xm，则边BC＝70﹣2x+2＝（72﹣2x）m．根据题意，得x（72﹣2x）＝640，化简，得x2﹣36x+320＝0，解得x1＝16，x2＝20，当x＝16时，72﹣2x＝72﹣32＝40（m），当x＝20时，72﹣2x＝72﹣40＝32（m）．答：当羊圈的长为40m，宽为16m或长为32m，宽为20m时，能围成一个面积为640m2的羊圈；（2）答：不能，理由：由题意，得x（72﹣2x）＝650，化简，得x2﹣36x+325＝0，Δ＝（﹣36）2﹣4×325＝﹣4＜0，∴一元二次方程没有实数根．∴羊圈的面积不能达到650m2．【真题剖析】本题考查了一元二次方程的应用，找到周长等量关系是解决本题的关键．1．（2023•赤峰）用配方法解方程x2﹣4x﹣1＝0时，配方后正确的是（ ）A．（x+2）2＝3B．（x+2）2＝17C．（x﹣2）2＝5D．（x﹣2）2＝17【思路点拨】先把﹣1移到方程的右边，然后方程两边都加4，再把左边根据完全平方公式写成完全平方的形式即可．【规范解答】解：∵x2﹣4x﹣1＝0，∴x2﹣4x＝1，∴x2﹣4x+4＝1+4，∴（x﹣2）2＝5．故选：C．【真题剖析】本题考查了解一元二次方程﹣配方法：将一元二次方程配成（x+m）2＝n（n≥0）的形式，再利用直接开平方法求解，这种解一元二次方程的方法叫配方法．2．（2023•福建）根据福建省统计局数据，福建省2020年的地区生产总值为43903.89亿元，2022年的地区生产总值为53109.85亿元．设这两年福建省地区生产总值的年平均增长率为x，根据题意可列方程（ ）A．43903.89（1+x）＝53109.85B．43903.89（1+x）2＝53109.85C．43903.89x2＝53109.85D．43903.89（1+x2）＝53109.85【思路点拨】设这两年福建省地区生产总值的年平均增长率为x，根据福建省2020年的地区生产总值为43903.89亿元，2022年的地区生产总值为53109.85亿元，据此列方程．【规范解答】解：设这两年福建省地区生产总值的年平均增长率为x，根据题意得，43903.89（1+x）2＝53109.85，故选：B．【真题剖析】本题考查了由实际问题抽象出一元二次方程，解答本题的关键是读懂题意，设出未知数，找出合适的等量关系，列出方程．3．（2023•广西）据国家统计局发布的《2022年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》显示，2020年和2022年全国居民人均可支配收入分别为3.2万元和3.7万元．设2020年至2022年全国居民人均可支配收入的年平均增长率为x，依题意可列方程为（ ）A．3.2（1﹣x）2＝3.7B．3.2（1+x）2＝3.7C．3.7（1﹣x）2＝3.2D．3.7（1+x）2＝3.2【思路点拨】根据2020年的人均可支配收入×（1+年平均增长率）2＝2022年的人均可支配收入，列出一元二次方程即可．【规范解答】解：由题意得：3.2（1+x）2＝3.7，故选：B．【真题剖析】此题主要考查了由实际问题抽象出一元二次方程，找准等量关系，正确列出一元二次方程是解题的关键．A．5m B．70m【思路点拨】设小路的宽是x m根据花圃的面积是3600m2，可列出关于【规范解答】解：设小路的宽是﹣|+（）（））求不等式组的解集．）先化简，再求值（+÷，其中﹣|+（）（）2﹣4×+22﹣2+2）（+÷＝∴x＝3，∴原式＝3+1＝4．【真题剖析】本题考查了一元二次方程的解，实数的运算，分式的化简和求值，解一元一次不等式，正确地进行运算是解题的关键．9．（2022•齐齐哈尔）解方程：（2x+3）2＝（3x+2）2．【思路点拨】方程开方转化为一元一次方程，求出解即可．【规范解答】解：方程：（2x+3）2＝（3x+2）2，开方得：2x+3＝3x+2或2x+3＝﹣3x﹣2，解得：x1＝1，x2＝﹣1．【真题剖析】此题考查了解一元二次方程﹣直接开平方法，熟练掌握方程的解法是解本题的关键．10．（2023•无锡）（1）解方程：2x2+x﹣2＝0；（2）解不等式组：．【思路点拨】（1）方程利用公式法求解即可；（2）分别求出每一个不等式的解集，根据口诀：同大取大、同小取小、大小小大中间找、大大小小无解了确定不等式组的解集．【规范解答】解：（1）2x2+x﹣2＝0，∵a＝2，b＝1，c＝﹣2，∴b2﹣4ac＝12﹣4×2×（﹣2）＝17，∴x＝＝，∴，；（2），解不等式①得x＞﹣1，解不等式②得：x＜3，∴不等式组的解集为：﹣1＜x＜3．【真题剖析】本题考查的是解一元二次方程以及解一元一次不等式组，掌握公式法和解一元一次不等式的基本步骤是解答本题的关键．11．（2023•青海）为丰富学生课余生活，提高学生运算能力，数学小组设计了如下的解题接力游戏：（1）解不等式组：；（2）当m取（1）的一个整数解时，解方程x2﹣2x﹣m＝0．【思路点拨】（1）分别求出各不等式的解集，再求出其公共解集即可；＝＝＝1±，1+，﹣（答案不唯一）．＝，＝，试比较）比较大小：　＜　．（填（2）根据“作差法”即可得到结论．【规范解答】解：（1）M﹣N＝﹣＝＝＝，∵3a＞b＞0，∴3a﹣b＞0，b（b+1）＞0，∴＞0，∴M＞N；（2）﹣＝＝﹣＜0，∴＜．故答案为：＜．【真题剖析】本题考查了配方法的应用，有理数大小的比较，熟练掌握“作差法”是解题的关键．14．（2023•湖北）已知关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣（2m+1）x+m2+m＝0．（1）求证：无论m取何值时，方程都有两个不相等的实数根；（2）设该方程的两个实数根为a，b，若（2a+b）（a+2b）＝20，求m的值．【思路点拨】（1）要证明方程都有两个不相等的实数根，即证明Δ＝b2﹣4ac＞0即可；（2）利用根与系数的关系得a+b＝2m+1，ab＝m2+m，再将（2a+b）（a+2b）＝20变形可得2（a+b）2+ab ＝20，将a+b，ab的代入可得关于m的一元二次方程，求解即可．【规范解答】（1）证明：∵Δ＝[﹣（2m+1）]2﹣4（m2+m）＝4m2+4m+1﹣4m2﹣4m＝1＞0，∴无论m取何值时，方程都有两个不相等的实数根；（2）解：∵该方程的两个实数根为a，b，∴a+b＝＝2m+1，ab＝＝m2+m，∵（2a+b）（a+2b）＝2a2+4ab+ab+2b2＝2（a2+2ab+b2）+ab＝2（a+b）2+ab，∴2（a+b）2+ab＝20，∴2（2m+1）2+m2+m＝20，整理得：m2+m﹣2＝0，解得：m1＝﹣2，m2＝1，∴m的值为﹣2或1．）的两根时，，．﹣，＝．﹣　﹣　．，求的值．﹣，﹣，将其代入﹣，﹣，结合（的值，再将其代入＝中，即可求出结论．﹣，﹣；﹣，﹣；∴m+n＝﹣，mn＝﹣，∴m2+n2＝（m+n）2﹣2mn＝+1＝；（3）∵实数s，t满足2s2+3s﹣1＝0，2t2+3t﹣1＝0，且s≠t，∴s，t是一元二次方程2x2+3x﹣1＝0的两个实数根，∴s+t＝﹣，st＝﹣，∵（t﹣s）2＝（t+s）2﹣4st＝（﹣）2﹣4×（﹣）＝，∴t﹣s＝±，∴＝＝＝±．【真题剖析】本题考查根与系数的关系，牢记“两根之和等于﹣，两根之积等于”是解题的关键．16．（2023•郴州）随旅游旺季的到来，某景区游客人数逐月增加，2月份游客人数为1.6万人，4月份游客人数为2.5万人．（1）求这两个月中该景区游客人数的月平均增长率；（2）预计5月份该景区游客人数会继续增长，但增长率不会超过前两个月的月平均增长率．已知该景区5月1日至5月21日已接待游客2.125万人，则5月份后10天日均接待游客人数最多是多少万人？【思路点拨】（1）设这两个月中该景区游客人数的月平均增长率为x，由2月份游客人数为1.6万人，4月份游客人数为2.5万人，列出方程可求解；（2）设5月份后10天日均接待游客人数是a万人，由增长率不会超过前两个月的月平均增长率，列出不等式，即可求解．【规范解答】解：（1）设这两个月中该景区游客人数的月平均增长率为x，由题意可得：1.6（1+x）2＝2.5，解得：x＝25%，x＝﹣（不合题意舍去），答：这两个月中该景区游客人数的月平均增长率为25%；（2）设5月份后10天日均接待游客人数是a万人，由题意可得：2.125+10a≤2.5（1+25%），解得：a≤0.1，答：5月份后10天日均接待游客人数最多是0.1万人．【真题剖析】本题考查了一元二次方程的应用，一元一次不等式的应用，找到正确的数量关系是解题的关键。

专题06地球上的水【母题来源】2022年全国高考乙卷【母题题文】下图显示黄河桃花峪附近花园口水文站监测的1958年7月、1996年8月两次洪水过程的水位与流量的关系。

读图,完成下面7-8题。

7．1958年7月洪水过程中,图中O、P两点水位变化趋势及两点流速相比（）A．O点水位上涨,流速较快B．O点水位回落,流速较慢C．P点水位上涨,流速较慢D．P点水位回落,流速较快8．图示资料表明,1996年8月比1958年7月（）A．洪水含沙量大B．洪峰水位低C．河床高D．洪峰流量大【答案】7．A8．C【试题解析】7．从图中可以看出O点的水位高低于P点水位，故O点水位在上涨，P点的水位在下降，因为洪水过程前水位低，洪水过程后水位高，水位不断在上涨，则流速较快，水位回落则流速较慢，故O点水位上涨,流速较快，P点水位回落,流速较慢，故A正确，BCD错误。

故答案选A。

8．从图中可以看出1996年8月比1958年7月水位高，流量小，原因是河床的泥沙抬高了水位，故C正确，流量小，侵蚀作用弱，含沙量小，故A错误；图中明显可以看出洪水水位高，流量小，故BD错误；故答案选C。

【命题意图】本题组以黄河桃花峪附近花园口水文站两次洪水过程的水位-流量关系图为素材，创设学习探索情境考查水沙运移规律。

试题的难点在于题图中洪水过程的判断，洪水曲线在图中究竟是顺时针的还是逆时针的一度成为讨论的焦点。

此题在解题思路的入口处设置障景，引导考生跨越思维台阶，透过洪水过程的表象回归水沙运移规律，避免一入题便让幕后的故事一览无余。

考生揭开门帘后，随后的解题思路空前活跃，不仅拿到了本组试题的钥匙，更是为高效完成后续试题带来了信心，赢得了超越自我的获得感和山海皆可平的执念。

【命题方向】地球上的水是历年全国各地高考的重点之一，考查的内容包括：自然界的水循环、相互联系的水体、海水的性质、海水的运动、水资源的合理利用。

本题组主要考查相互联系的水体。

【得分要点】事实上，黄河下游地上河段水力比降小，洪水过程会携带泥沙淤积，一场洪水的退水阶段相对涨水阶段河床已经抬升，相同流量对应的水位更高。

2022届高考英语备考：完形填空命题解读与备考策略一、命题解读完形填空是一种综合性的题型，它集对词语辨析、词的用法及搭配、语法、单句理解、语篇理解、生活常识和语言背景知识的考查于一体。

完形填空既考查学生的知识水平，又考查学生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言的能力，同时检测学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力、知识背景的迁移能力和语言的深层剖析能力。

通过上表，我们可以看到近几年的高考英语全国卷完形填空试题体现出以下几种命题特征：（一）选材特点1. 文章材料多以叙述为主，叙议结合。

近几年高考中，故事性记叙文文体仍占主要地位，但在叙述过程中会采用夹叙夹议的写作手法，且采用夹叙夹议写作手法的文章在测试中占主导地位。

此外，也有说明文文体和议论文文体的不断呈现，这使得完形填空的选材缤纷多彩。

2. 文章长度基本保持在250～280个单词，文章难度与中学英语教材相当，但也会因整个试卷的难易度进行适当的调整。

总体上，完形填空的选材在向长句、难句、原汁原味的地道英语发展，有趋势向难的可能性。

3. 挖空密度相对稳定，填空分布力求均衡，以不影响文章的“跳读”理解为限度。

4. 语篇的复杂程度和难度有所增加。

语篇的复杂程度主要通过新情境的采用和新语篇模式的使用得以实现。

其突出表现在2019年的高考完形填空测试上，无论是乙卷的关于乞力马扎罗山的游记，还是丙卷的北欧小镇采用镜子采光的介绍，都聚焦“人与自然”这一主题语境，在语篇形式上与以往的命题差异较大。

2020年的完形填空测试，受多重因素，尤其是疫情的影响，在命题风格上较为平稳，预计未来的完形填空测试依然会通过主题语境的变化和语篇类型的变化，不断加大创新的力度。

（二）设题特点高考完形填空按句组层次和语篇层次设空的题居多，这种设题方式体现了“突出语篇、实词为主、虚词为辅”的命题思路。

设题主要以考查实词为主，同时辅以虚词考查。

所谓实词即指有实际信息意义的词，如动词、名词、形容词、副词等，其中动词、名词是考查重点。

专题09 读后续写（记叙文体）【母题来源】2021年新高考Ⅰ卷【母题题文】阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A MOTHER’S DAY SURPRISEThe twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother’s Day. How pleased and proud Mother would be w hen they brought her breakfast in bed. They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge. They had watched their mother in the kitchen. There was nothing to it. Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do.The big day came at last. The alarm rang at 6 a.m. The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen. They decided to boil the porridge first. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk. Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture. Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now. Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右。

专题06 完形填空之记叙文距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

【精选真题01】（2022·开封五校联考）I had worried myself sick over Simon’s mother coming to see me. I was a new ___21___, and I gave an honest account of the students’ work. In Simon’s case, the grades were awfully low. He couldn’t read his own handwriting. ___22___ he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension. His work in no way reflected his___23___ .So when Simon’s mother entered the room, my palms(手掌心) were sweating. I was completely___24___ for her lisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you,” she said, surprising me beyond speech. ___25___ me, Simon had become a different person. He talked of how he___26___ me, he had began to make friends, and for the first time in his twelve years, he had ___27___ spent an afternoon at a friend’s house. She wanted to tell me howgrateful she was for the ___28___I had nurtured(培养) in her son. She kissed me again and left.I sat, stunned (惊呆), for about half an hour, ___29___ what had just happened. How did I make such alife-changing difference to that boy without ___30___ knowing it? What I finally came to ___31___ was one day, several months before, when some students were ___32___ reports in the front of the class, Jeanne spoke___33___ , and to encourage her to raise her voice, L had sai, “Speak up. Simon’s the expert on this. He is the___34___ one you have to convince, and he can’t hear you in the ___35___ of the room.” That was it. From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention, ___36___ more, and became happy. And it was all because he ___37___to be the last kid in the last row. The boy who most needed ___38___ was the one who took the last seat that day.It taught me the most___39___ lesson over the years of my teaching career, and I’m thankful that it came___40___ and positively. A small kindness can indeed make a difference.21. A. cleaner B. reporter C. monitor D. teacher22. A. Or B. And C. But D. So23. A. courage B. abilities C. feelings D. dream24. A. desperate B. responsible C. unprepared D. unsuitable25. A. Because of B. In spite of C. Apart from D. As for26. A. loved B. envied C. pleased D. criticized27. A. gradually B. constantly C. recently D. obviously28. A. self-respect B. self-doubt C. self-pity D. self-defence29. A. imagining B. observing C. wondering D. regretting30. A. also B. even C. always D. still31. A. expect B. remember C. believe D. accept32. A. writing B. reviewing C. editing D. giving33. A. quietly B. repeatedly C. quickly D. firmly34. A. lucky B. lonely C. only D. likely35. A. entrance B. middle C. front D. back36. A. slept B. smiled C. shouted D. quarreled37. A. intended B. pretended C. refused D. happened38. A. change B. praise C. thanks D. visits39. A. difficult B. painful C. valuable D. enjoyable40. A. early B. slowly C. frequently D. occasionally【精选真题02】（2022·成都蓉城高中联考）Jayce Crowder began noticing when he was in kindergarten that he looked different from his classmates. They had two ___41___. He had one.It started when one boy ___42___ at him, said his mother, Cortney Lewis. He returned home with ___43___: Why am I different? Why me? Why? Lewis ___44___ she didn’t know what to do at that point. How could sheprovide answers to her son’s questions when she had never found those ___45___ herself?A few weeks later, Lewis came home from her job and turned on the TV to a ___46___ story about Trashaun Willis, then 14. He had become an Internet hit after ___47___ videos of his slam dunks (扣篮), and, like Jayce, he was ___48___ most of his left arm. At the time, it seemed that ___49___ Trashaun would simply be an ___50___ moment for Jayce. He’d see a role model with a similar defect (缺陷). Then a family friend ___51___ the Des Moines Register, asking the newspaper to help set up a ___52___ with Trashaun to build Jayce’s ___53___.The boys met at Washington Middle School a couple of months later and ___54___ bonded at first sight, because both of them had the same problem. The day was not spent ___55___ themselves in self-pity — it was___56___ fun. Trashaun also told the boy not to let anyone’s ___57___ shake his confidence.___58___ that meeting, Lewis has seen a(n) ___59___ difference in her son, who is now in second grade. He recently started wrestling and loves it. Lewis points to Trashaun’s ___60___. As for Trashaun, his relationship with Jayce made him look forward to helping more kids in the future.41. A. hands B. feet C. legs D. eyes42. A. stared B. laughed C. pointed D. smiled43. A. tears B. questions C. anger D. curiosity44. A. argues B. promises C. regrets D. admits45. A. differences B. words C. answers D. solutions46. A. bedtime B. news C. fiction D. adventure47. A. seeing B. making C. posting D. shooting48. A. cutting B. hiding C. injuring D. missing49. A. watching B. contacting C. becoming D. beating50. A. exciting B. essential C. inspiring D. influential51. A. headed for B. turned to C. wrote to D. called on52. A. company B. system C. meeting D. program53. A. confidence B. strength C. charm D. courage54. A. secretly B. immediately C. seriously D. closely55. A. involving B. enjoying C. helping D. abandoning56. A. given to B. meant for C. chosen for D. connected with57. A. actions B. stare C. criticism D. words58. A. Ever since B. Thanks to C. Owing to D. In spite of59. A. emotional B. slight C. complex D. obvious60. A. phenomenon B. influence C. effort D. success【精选真题01】（2022·宝鸡联考）I went with some partners from my office for dinner in a very popular local restaurant. It was____16____business time and the restaurant was crowded(拥挤的). We____17____found a table in a corner for three of us.As soon as we sat down, we heard a crash(碰撞声) when a cleaning boy ____18____the floor with all the plates he was carrying. There was ____19____and no one was saying or doing anything.In a flash (马上) I remembered my ____20____many years ago. At one time, I ____21____when I was on business. I had a high fever but luckily was taken care of by two ____22____. Then this was my chance to____23____it forward.I ran to the boy's side ____24____, turned him on his back and screamed for someone to _____25_____a hot drink. Soon people started asking if I was a(n)_____26_____. I said I was not, but I actually had learned some first-aid lessons.The boy soon opened his eyes, _____27_____what had happened. And so I _____28_____him by saying it was OK. He had not eaten anything. I held the warm drink to his mouth till he _____29_____it and sat with him until he felt OK. By then the _____30_____had arrived. I asked her to give the boy something to eat. I offered to pay. The manager was kind enough to _____31_____the payment and agreed to make sure the boy ate before he went home. By the time all this was over, it was getting _____32_____ for my partners. We hadn't_____33_____anything yet, so we decided to go home.I slowly walked home, not hungry any more, feeling _____34_____for the opportunity I paid forward the_____35_____ I had received many years ago.16. A. busy B. local C. spare D. regular17. A. actually B. finally C. usually D. gradually18. A. kicked B. touched C. hit D. swept19. A. silence B. danger C. doubt D. control20. A. adventure B. fight C. experience D. lesson21. A. passed out B. fell asleep C. fell behind D. fell ill22. A. friends B. strangers C. partners D. relatives23. A. pay B. return C. take D. put24. A. slowly B. immediately C. sadly D. excitedly25. A. select B. invent C. remove D. bring26. A. professor B. teacher C. actor D. doctor27. A. knowing B. wondering C. ignoring D. arguing28. A. reminded B. comforted C. answered D. encouraged29. A. spotted B. checked C. noticed D. finished30. A. customer B. manager C. waitress D. parent31. A. refuse B. accept C. choose D. permit32. A. better B. boring C. late D. difficult33. A. prepared B. required C. received D. ordered34. A. ready B. angry C. grateful D. relaxed35. A. kindness B. honor C. harm D. service【精选真题02】（2022·咸阳质检）The person I call my hero is my twin disabled elder sister named Tiffany. Yet as I reflect back on ____21____ I can undoubtedly say, “It was partly a(n) ____22____ journey!” People would always ____23____ me that they wish they had a twin, but to me I never felt that way at the time.My sister is blind and deaf and is in a wheelchair. Growing up ____24____ me because I seldom had that twin experience. I was told as a ____25____ never to question life but at that time I was young and just didn’t____26____. There were times when I couldn’t play with friends when I wanted to, and ____27____ missed out on potential jobs ____28____ having to help look after Tiffany. ____29____, I never felt my childhood was being swept away.I saw my _____30_____ deal with many health issues but still find a way to face life challenges with a_____31_____. It wasn’t until we got older _____32_____ I truly realized my sister was a _____33_____. She gave me the strength to _____34_____ my sufferings. When I was on the point of _____35_____, I would always think of her and build up confidence to make it. In fact I did so many things not just for myself _____36_____ for my sister as well. When I graduated from college, I asked for permission to let my sister attend the _____37_____ because I knew if she were able to walk and talk, she would have achieved the same _____38_____ as I have.I _____39_____ the moments with my sister. I just want my sister to know that she brings _____40_____ to my life and I hope that I can bring the same thing to hers.21. A. turning around B. growing up C. traveling abroad D. hanging out22. A. relaxing B. impossible C. personal D. unpleasant23. A. warn B. tell C. blame D. thank24. A. saddened B. interested C. excited D. attracted25. A. partner B. teacher C. child D. friend26. A. understand B. manage C. consult D. repair27. A. never B. even C. still D. just28. A. regardless of B. by chance C. apart from D. due to29. A. Besides B. Then C. However D. Otherwise30. A. student B. doctor C. brother D. sister31. A. shout B. smile C. cry D. sigh32. A. that B. when C. which D. who33. A. leaner B. winner C. player D. survivor34. A. know B. overlook C. overcome D. hide35. A. going sightseeing B. making friends C. taking action D. losing heart36. A. but B. and C. or D. as37. A. interview B. education C. ceremony D. research38. A. business B. benefit C. weigh D. goal39. A. enjoy B. forget C. ignore D. select40. A. sorrow B. balance C. courage D. trouble【精选真题03】（2021·西安未央区联考）Luke Fortune parked his car in a garage (车库) overnight. The next morning, he ____21____ the car’s window was broken, and his ____22____ was nowhere to be found.“The computer was very ____23____to me,” said Fortune, 21, who was studying to become a ____24____ “Every paper I wrote for my medical tests and letters for job ____25____ were in that computer.”Two days after the ____26____, Almazrouei was ____27____by a man who said he had a computer for sale. Almazrouei was a 29-year-old man, a(an) ____28____student who had been in the United States for only three months. Since he ____29____ a computer at that time, he _____30_____the computer. After turning it on, he saw files and photos. He said, “I _____31_____it could be stolen.”Almazrouei found the _____32_____ cell phone number in the computer and called it.Fortune said, “I thought it was a _____33_____ at first. So I told him if he really had the computer, he should take it to the _____34_____.”Soon, a police officer called Fortune, saying that a man had brought a computer. Fortune thanked and insisted on paying him a reward. Almazrouei _____35_____. He said it was his _____36_____ to buy the computer from someone he didn’t know. More importantly, Almazrouei said, “I know he is a good man. I should help him out of _____37_____.”The experience brought its own rewards. When the story got into the local _____38_____, Almazrouei received a call. It was from the _____39_____of the university where Almazrouei was studying. Impressed with his student’s honesty, the president gave Almazrouei a new computer. We thought we should give you one _____40_____,” the president said. “We’re very proud of you.”21. A. imagined B. discovered C. heard D. witnessed22. A. computer B. smartphone C. wallet D. tablet23. A. expensive B. heavy C. effective D. important24. A. physicist B. doctor C. teacher D. lawyer25. A. stress B. design C. application D. consideration26. A. display B. accident C. theft D. cheat27. A. regarded B. approached C. judged D. admired28. A. change B. communication C. existence D. exchange29. A. needed B. repaired C. used D. owned30. A. made B. bought C. sold D. stole31. A. announced B. proved C. realized D. hesitated32. A. seller’s B. owner’s C. woman’s D. friend’s33. A. game B. warning C. joke D. signal34. A. boss B. worker C. chef D. police35. A. refused B. received C. got D. accepted36. A. right B. fault C. duty D. honor37. A. question B. trouble C. curiosity D. embarrassment38. A. banks B. restaurants C. schools D. kindergartens39. A. employee B. master C. student D. president40. A. in detail B. in dilemma C. in return D. in turn高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

专题06语言文字运用-简答题组【母题来源】2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷【母题题文】简答题组阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

科学家栾恩杰当年高考时报考的是电机系，因为服从国家安排改学自动控制，从此与国防和航天事业有了①。

20世纪60年代，栾恩杰到第七机械工业部工作后参与的第一个重大任务就是我国潜地导弹“巨浪一号”的研制，潜地导弹作为秘密武器，在欧美国家是②的国防项目，鲜有资料可供借鉴，在没有国外技术援助、自身又缺乏技术力量的情况下，整个团队按照先在陆上发射台发射、再把导弹装进发射筒以模拟水下发射环境、最后进行潜艇发射的规划开始了“巨浪一号”的研制攻关。

这三步被称为“台、筒、艇”，但每一步都失败过。

失败在航天领域的研发过程中是③的。

栾恩杰从导弹研究的技术员到中国探月工程首任总指挥，经历过各种各样的失败，大到火箭里面的特殊装置出现问题，小到一个插头插错了，这些失败意味着什么？意味着多少个日夜的辛苦付之一炬，意味着接下来的工作更加艰苦卓绝，意味着你在世界的航天格局中可能突然之间换了赛道，奕恩杰认为：失败也是在给我们上课，当问题一一解决的时候，成功就在我们前面。

1．请在文中横线处填入恰当的成语。

2．请将文中画波浪线的部分改成几个较短的语句。

可以改变语序、少量增删词语，但不得改变原意。

3．文中画横线的句子使用了设问和排比的修辞手法，请结合材料简要分析其表达效果。

【答案】1．①不解之缘②密不透风③司空见惯2．整个团队开始了“巨浪一号”的研制攻关规划，先在陆地上的发射台发射，再把导弹装进发射筒，模拟水下发射的环境，最后一步进行潜艇发射。

3．一问一答，从多个角度回答了研发失败对栾恩杰和航天工作者产生的影响；三个“意味着”句式整齐，节奏感强，且有递进效果，加强语势，突出航天研发过程的艰难，侧面烘托出航天工作者的坚韧顽强和航天工作的重要性。

【试题解析】1．第一空，“不解之缘”的意思是不能分开的缘分，形容难以解除的密切关系。

专题11完形填空（记叙文类）【母题来源一】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试（第一次）【母题题文】For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got____16____ when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____.For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work?With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the ____25____ to buy one.The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ____28____ to their owners.Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment."It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the ____35____ that he can make on people."16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened17. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route18. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace20. A. lack B. variety C. increase D. quality21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit25. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse26. A. shared B. used C. expensive D. modern27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. notices D. announcements28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned29. A. hardly B. slightly C. truly D. instantly30. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among31. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile33. A. promise B. celebration C. comfort D. experience34. A. competition B. service C. ceremony D. suggestion35. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress【试题解析】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C【16题】考查形容词词义辨析。

专题06 水溶液中的离子平衡【母题来源】2021年高考广东卷【母题题文】鸟嘌呤（G）是一种有机弱碱，可与盐酸反应生成盐酸盐（用GHCl表示）。

已知GHCl水溶液呈酸性，下列叙述正确的是A.0.001 mol/L GHCl水溶液加水稀释，pH升高B.0.001 mol/L GHCl水溶液的pH=3C.GHCl 在水中的电离方程式为：GHCl = G + HClD.GHCl 水溶液中：c（OH—）+ c（Cl—）= c（GH+）+ c（G）【答案】B【试题解析】A、0.001 mol/L GHCl水溶液呈酸性,加水稀释之后酸性降低，所以pH升高，A正确;B、GHCl为强酸弱碱盐，水解使溶液显酸性，因为水解存在水解平衡，所以0.001 mol/L GHCl的pH > 3，B错误;C、GHCl为强酸弱碱盐，在水中的电离方程式为GHCl =GH+ +C1-，C错误；D、由电荷守恒可知，GHCl水溶液中存在c(OH7) +c(Cl- )= c(GH+)+ c(H+)，D错误。

故答案为B。

【命题意图】结合图象考查溶液的酸碱性、pH的相关计算及粒子浓度的大小比较等，落实宏观辨识与微观探析、变化观念与平衡思想、证据推理与模型认知等化学学科的核心素养。

【命题方向】电解质溶液是高考的必考题型，涉及的内容很多，如盐溶液中离子浓度的变化、水的离子积的变化、电离平衡常数、水解平衡常数、溶液pH的判断、水解离子方程式的书写、盐水解的应用、电荷守恒规律、物料守恒规律、质子守恒规律的应用，加入其他试剂对水解平衡的影响、稀释规律等。

高考试题对本部分能力点的考查以分析和解决化学问题能力、以接受、吸收整合化学信息能力等为主，试题难度适中。

在高考试题中经常将弱电解质的电离与溶液的酸碱性、盐类的水解、离子浓度大小比较、沉淀溶解平衡等内容相结合，以图象的形式出现。

高考对本讲内容的考查仍将以外界条件对弱电解质电离平衡、水的电离平衡的影响，溶液中离子浓度大小比较，既与盐类的水解有关，又与弱电解质的电离平衡有关，还注重溶液中的各种守恒(电荷守恒、物料守恒、质子守恒等)关系的考查，从而使题目具有一定的综合性、灵活性和技巧性；题型主要以选择题为主。

►第1讲完形填空记叙文（讲义）【复习目标】熟悉语篇结构，根据局内层次、句组层次和语篇层次答题。

掌握答题技巧，明确答题步骤掌握词汇基本用法通过真题和美文渗透文化意识、语言意识和思维品质【考情分析】新高考完形填空以记叙文为主，主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。

新高考侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，文中没有生僻字，长句不多，少量数词生义和一词多义的考查。

选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量。

；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；2023新高考I卷535112023新高考II卷74312022新高考I卷535112022新高考II卷4472021新高考I卷924002021新高考II卷627【网络构建】命题规律：考点：以实词为主，侧重对动词（短语）、名词和形容词的考查。

重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次之。

每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。

所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语境的考查。

核心考点：逻辑推理，把考查的重点放在理解全文、通篇考虑、掌握大意、注重关联等方面。

题型和考查角度：1.句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。

2.句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。

3.语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。

解题策略：1.速度全文知主旨：根据首句给出的提示，快速通读全文，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大意，，理清脉络，把握中心。

写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。

抓住中心主旨大意有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。

2.先易后难加连贯：记叙文的最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。

因此，在阅读时根据题型特点解答出较容易的题后，应当结合上下文，分析具体情节，认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的态度和观点，推断出更难一些的态度判断题。

2022届新高考英语【新题快递】（二模专辑）专题。

6 （完形填空新高考区）解析版江苏泰州市2022届高三第二次调研测试Literature was something I was interested in. At school I was that kid who stuck his hand up to 21 aloud from the Shakespeare play. Over the holidays I would visit the 22 and read literatures. While my generation was playing after school.I was in a ghetto（贫民区）learning to 23 .I lived then in Lagos. The ghetto landlords had unlimited 24 They could throw families with all their possessions out into （he street. Annoyed, I wrote about 25 .Those pieces were not published. Then it occurred to me to write a story about them. This began my long 26 in （he rigorous craft（严谨构思）of the short story.However, after finishing my A-levels, I had a job working for a paint company. 27 in Lagos was so terrible that it took three hours to get to work. I would wake up at 4 a.m. and write for an hour before 28 work. When I 29 I would sleep and then write till one o'clock.The first 3（） look a year. I got myself 31 from work and bought a typewriter with the severance pay（解雇金）.I began32 many 33, who all turned it down.Then, one morning, a letter came from Longmans' African Writers' series. I remember giving a cry of34 .That moment changed everything. I was 19.With the publication of Flowers and Shadows, the life I was meant to live 35应选c。

2022各省份高考英语完形填空试题详解（学习版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制学校：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的学习资料，如英语资料、语文资料、数学资料、物理资料、化学资料、生物资料、地理资料、历史资料、政治资料、其他资料等等，想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of learning materials for everyone, such as English materials, language materials, mathematics materials, physical materials, chemical materials, biological materials, geographic materials, historical materials, political materials, other materials, etc. Please pay attention to the data format and writing method!2022各省份高考英语完形填空试题详解-->各地2022高三一模试题及答案解析汇总2022中国大学排行榜（完整榜单）2022年高考英语完形填空各省份高考英语试题解析Cloze 1(2022·新课标全国Ⅰ)My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way，we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said，“1 my job.Family to Feed.”At this store，a 2 like this is not normal.My 10－year －old noticed him and made a 3 on how bad it must be to have to stand 4 inthe cold wind.In the store，I asked each of my kids to 5 something they thought our “friend” there would 6 .They got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17－year－old suggested giving him a 7 .I thought about it.We were 8 on cash ourselves，but... well，sometimes 9 from our need instead of our abundance is 10 what we need to do！All the kids 11 something they could do away with for the week.When we handed him the bag of 12 ，he lit up and thankedus with 13 eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for 14 his family might need，he burst into tears.This has been a wonderful 15 for our family.For days the kids have been looking for others we can 16 ！Things would have played out so 17 if I had simply said，“No，we really don't have 18 to give more.”Stepping out not only helped a brother in 19 ，it also gave my kids the 20 taste of helping others.It'll go a long way with them.【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了发生在自己身边的一件事。

专题07完形填空（记叙文）-2022年高考英语母题题源系列（原卷版）母题七完形填空（记叙文）【2022·全国II】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Iwa___43___!IarrivedearlyatByronBaywherewewereuppoedto___44_ __.Thebaywa___45___inunhine,andtherewaagroupofkayakeraround150mo ffthehore.Gettingalittle___46___.Irealizedonekayak（皮划艇）wain___47___.“Something’not___48___!”ItookoffmyT-hirtand___49___intothewater.Iawthereweretwointructoronboardandam anlyingacrothemiddle.Hewa___50___violently.Linkingarmwithoneofth eintructor.Ihelped___51___theyoungmanoutofthewater.Hewaunconciou andaIlookedathiface,omething___52___tome.Thoebrowneyewerevery___ 53___.“What’hiname”Iakedtheintructor.“Ben,”hereplied,andimm ediatelyI___54___.Thattrangerwamyon!Theintructorcalledforanambul ance.___55___,afterabrieftayinhopital,Benwawellenoughtobeallowed to___56___andlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.Wechattedabouteverythi ngandthenBen___57___tome.“Ijutwanttoaythankyou,”heaid,“You___ 58___mylife!”Itillcan’tbelievewhata___59___itwa.I’mjutogladIwathere___6 0___tohelpmyon.41.A.alo42.A.delight43.A.cared44.A.talk45.A.bathe d46.A.fater47.A.trouble48.A.real49.A.taredB.oftenB.reliefB.hockedB.tayB.cleanB.cloerB.advanceB.rightB. ankC.evenC.angerC.thrilledC.meetC.deepC.heavierC.quetionC.fairC .divedtD.worryD.ahamedD.ettleD.formedD.wierD.battleD.fitD.fell50.A.arguing51.A.lead52.A.happened53.A.harp54.A.agreed55.A.F ortunately56.A.return57.A.joked58.A.created59.A.coincidence60.A. onboardC.houtingC.carryC.appliedC.attractiveC.doubtedC.SadlyC.peakC .litenedC.avedC.pityC.forureD.hakingD.keepD.appealedD.familiarD.knewD.SuddenlyD.leaveD.p ointedD.guidedD.painD.onpurpoe【命题意图】完形填空的命题思想是将词汇用法作为重点，以篇章理解为基础，考核学生的语法知识和对词汇的运用能力。