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Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained语言点（二）：张桂琴：目标认知重点词汇provide，lately，award，similar，strength，重点短语dream of doing sth．，carry out，separate from，pick up，take off，dozens of，make one’s way，one day重点句型sb./sth. be said...(＝It’s said that...)知识讲解重点词汇provide【原句回放】In outer space astronauts cannot take off their spacesuits，which protect them and provide oxygen．在外太空，字航员们不能脱下宇航服，因为宇航服可以保护他们并给他们提供氧气。
(P7)【点拨】provide vt.提供，供给常用结构provide sb. with sth.提供某人某物provide sth. for sb.提供某人某物如：The school provides the students with food．＝The school provides food for the students．学校提供学生食物。
归纳拓展provided和providing可作连词，意为“假若，倘若”，其后可接that引导的条件状语从句。
如：Provided/Providing that I pass the exam，I’ll be given the position．假如我通过了考试，我就能得到这个职位了。
易混辨析offer，supply和provide的区别①offer用作动词的时候，可以接双宾语，如：offer sb. sth.(＝offer sth. to sb.)“提供某人某物”；还可以接动词不定式，如：offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。
译林牛津高一模块2 unit 1 tales of the unexplained 全单元模块二 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplainedHighlights of the UnitTopic MysteriesFunctions1 Asking for information to make a surveyWhen did you join the club?How much have you spent on books in the last six months?What topics are you interested in?2.Asking for opinionsWhat do you think of Best Book Club?Vocabularytale unexplained puzzled search sighting puzzling witness creature researchfrightening possibility case murder convincing evidence outer progress disappointedtreasure t lately website wild similar hairy villager thick fur shoulder nationalstrength footprint state．support．existence。
inch，exist，possiblystep up．due to．show up．according to，rule out。
look into．make up．Take chargeof, outer space，run after, on averageGrammar1 Present perfect tensePolice in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy whowent missing two days ago in Dover,New Hampshire．2 Present perfect continuous tenseI haven’t been sleeping well since I returned home．Skills andStrategiesBy the end of this unit，students will be able to：1 read a newspaper article2 identify specific information through listening3 introduce themselves and conduct an interview4 draw conclusions and make recommendations after analysing statistics5 write a report6 expand vocabulary related to space explorationCulture 1 The Loch Ness Monster, Stonehenge，the Great Pyramid2 Yetis in different places in the worldPeriod 1 Welcome to the unitTeaching aims:Talk about some mysterious or unexplained phenomena, including evidence of UFOs, the possible existence of Yetis and the Loch Ness Monster, reasons for building Stonehenge and the pyramids.Make full use of resources and share their imaginative ideas with each other by participating in all the activities.Teaching proceduresStep 1 Brainstorming1 Assign students the following task: surf the net or refer to some reference books (in English or in Chinese) to get some information about UFOs, Yetis, the Loch Ness Monster, Stonehenge and the pyramids in Egypt.2 Ask students to read the instructions and focus on the fivepictures and illustrations first. Arouse their interest by asking them the following questions:Do the five pictures have something in common? If so, what is it?(unexplained; no satisfactory answers; mysterious; no evidence ...)Can scientists explain these phenomena?How do you feel about them? Are you a bit curious?3. Ask students to think of as many expressions as possible to answer the questions above. Encourage them to make up sentences and read them to the class. Share the following sentences with students as examples.4. Report the information they have collected to the class. Students' answers might differ. Vary the activities according to students' responses. Some answers students provide can be used as a prompt for a class discussion. For example,Teacher: What information have you got about UFOs?Student A: ...Teacher: Do you think Student A' s information is interesting?What about the information you've got? Is there something different?Student B: ...This activity is flexible.Ask students to discuss the topics in pairs. Here are some questions.About UFOs:Have you ever read some reports about UFOs in China?Are you interested in UFOs?Are they really from another planet?What do the letters UFO stand for?Why do you think UFOs visit our planet?About Yetis:Where are the Himalayas?What's the weather like there?Why do some people make great efforts to climb them?(hobby; dream; challenge themselves; make discoveries; overcome difficulty,..)A Yeti is reported to be half-man and half-beast. Have you heard of it?Do you think some climbers' disappearances are connected with Yetis?About Stonehenge, the pyramids and the Loch Ness Monster: Stonehenge and the pyramids in Egypt, the most famous of which is the Great Pyramid, are cultural relics.Where were the pyramids built, on the east coast of the Nile or on the west coast ?What are the reasons?Do you think the Great Pyramid is a wonder in human history?How was the Great Pyramid built?I haven't heard of Stonehenge or the Loch Ness Monster. They are a bit new to me. What about you?Would you be interested in discovering more about them?Step 2: Sharing information1. Let's dealing with the questions in pairs. For the first question, you may discuss it this way: Do you believe in UFOs? What might be the most acceptable explanation for UFOs?Summarize the answers, and then report to the class.HomeworkRead and recite the new words.Workbook Ex. P.92 ABCPeriod 2 Reading (1)Teaching aimsLearn the text and catch the main idea.Do some Ex. to train S’ reading ability.Teaching aidsTape-recorder, computer,Teaching proceduresStep 1 Lead-in1. Some questions about UFODo you know what the three letters UFO stand for?Have you ever heard of the UFOs?Have you ever had the chance to see one?Do you believe the usual sayings about the UFOs?What do you think a UFO is?Do you think there are any creatures on it?Where do you think the creatures come from?Will they become our friends or enemies?2. Now, look at the pictures on pages 2 and3. Look at them carefully. And get ready to answer these questions:Picture 1: Is the first picture one of a UFO?Are there really UFOs from the outer space?Picture 2: Who was the missing boy?Does he like playing football or baseball?Picture 3: What's the picture about?Does the bright light outside the window come from a UFO?Does the bright light have something to do with Justin's missing?(Use the projector or macromedia to show the situations in the three pictures and ask the students the same questions as given above. Check answers inpairs. Check the answers with the whole class.)3. Answer the following questions, focusing on the title of the article, Boy missing, police puzzled.Does the title arouse your interest when you read it?Can you complete the title?What information can you get from the title?What else do you want to know? For example, 'boy missing' (How/When/Where was the boy missing?) 'police puzzled' (Why are they puzzled?/What are the police going to do about the boy's disappearance and how?)Are you curious about why the writer uses an incomplete sentence as the title?Did you know that it is a feature of a news title?What are some other features of a news title?Can you guess what details may be covered in the following news story?Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas1. Before skimming the passage, please look at the news photographs first and describe what is happening in them. Then find the answers to the three questions above the text:1) What is the article about? (The article is about a missing boy/UFOs and aliens.)2) Who is missing? (Justin Foster is missing.)3) Do the police know what happened to Justin? (No.)2. Read the first paragraph carefully to get the main idea and the important facts such as:When and where was the boy missing? What caused the boy's sudden disappearance? How old was the boy? Why did people show interest in his disappearance?3. Listening and T/F exercises1.Police in America have stepped up their search for a thirteen-year-old boy.2. Justin foster, a high school student, went missing last Saturday.3. Justin’s sister, Kelly, says she saw her brother return home at about 11 p.m.4. Kelly pulled back the curtains and saw a spaceship flying outside.5. The police were sure that Justin was taken by aliens.Keys F F F T F4.Now scan the article again and locate specific information according to Parts CI and C2. P.4C 1 1.Where does Justin Foster live? He lives in Dover, New Hampshire.2.Why did Justin’s mother go to bed early?She went to bed early because of a headache.3. What time did the witnesses see Justin? At 10.45 p.m.4. What color were the aliens? They were white5. Who else has been taken by the aliens? Mavis Wood has been taken by the aliens.6. Who was in charge of the case?Detective Sam Peterson was in charge of the case.C2 Main points Supporting detailsJustin foster went missing Mrs Foster thought he was spending the night with a friend.Mr Foster was surprisedThe police found thatJustin returned home. Justin’s friends saidWitnesses saidKelly heardThe boy was taken away by aliens. Kelly sawKelly heardMavis Wood saidStep 3: Detailed reading for important informationDo Ex. E on P.5Keys bad, favourate alients creatues nightmare Justin not puzzled witnesses murdered2. Having read the text, please pay attention to the different features of each paragraph.1) First let's have a discussion about how we usually decide whether a news article is worth reading or not and what methods we use in our reading. As we all know, newspapers play an important part in our daily life. Wherever you are, you can be informed of the latest news by reading a newspaper. From your experience, how do you usually select the news you'd like to read, by taking a look at its title or being attracted by its colorful pictures?Every one of you can express your own opinions and give the reasons.2) Compared with the other paragraphs, is the first paragraph the most important one in the article? Please describe the differences between the first paragraph of the article and the paragraphs that follow.3) Ask Ss to read the Reading strategy 'reading a newspaper article'. Pay attention that both the title and the first paragraph, which is called the lead paragraph, play a key role in understanding of news articles.Step 4 InterviewingSuppose you are a reporter from China Daily. You are making a face-to-face interview with Justin Foster who has just comeback home.HomeworkRead the text and try to retell it .Finish Ex.Period 3 Reading (2) Language PointsTeaching aims1.Learn some useful words and phrases.2.Practise using them.Teaching aids:computer, multi-media TeachingTeaching Procedures:Step 1 RevisionCheck the homework exercises.Step 2 Listen to the tape and read the text after it.Step 3 Language PointsAsk Ss to watch the Powerpoints and learn the useful Phrases.<详见学案语言点>Step 4 PractiseDo some exercises.Step 5 HomeworkRead the text again and try to retell it.Finish the exercises.Period 4 Word PowerTeaching aimsLearn some new words and enlarge Ss’ vocabulary.Teaching proceduresStep 1 Brainstorming Think about the following questions：1).Whether UFOs really exist has puzzled US for a long time．Have you ever thought about exploring space one day?2).Are you interested in making discoveries in space?3).What achievements have humans made so far in space exploration?4).Who was the first man to travel in space?5).When did the first man land on the moon? And how?6).What do you know about him?While focusing on the questions above，please pay attention to some other new words related to space，such as astronaut，spaceship／space shuttle ,orbit，etc． give SS more information about the history of space exploration and the history of the space shuttle．Step 2：Vocabulary learningRead the first part of the speech and complete the time line of the main events mentioned．Time Event Sign1957 the launch of the 1st artificial satellite1959 unmanned spaceships launched into space Space exploration began．1961 1 st human being traveled in space People orbited the Earth。
牛津译林版高中英语必修二Unit 1《Tales of the unexplained》(Reading 1)教学设计板块：Reading 1Thoughts on the design:本节课为阅读课的第一课时，要紧是解决对课文内容的明白得和学习有关阅读技巧。
本文的体裁是新闻报道，采纳新闻报告的常规要点为切入口，从title和五个“W”一个“H”这几个方面构画出新闻报道清晰的框架结构并教学生如何阅读此类文章，如何在此类文章中捕捉所需要的信息。
教学方法依旧通过推测、略读和寻读等常规技巧，关心学生了解课文内容。
教学步骤的设计以培养说、读、写能力为主。
Teaching aims:After learning the passage, students will be able to know typical writing features in news articles and learn how to read a newspaper article and how to get the important information in it, thus reinforcing their reading abilities in reading this kind of material. Besides, s tudents should be encouraged to express themselves in both written and oral English so that their language learning abilities can be enhanced.Teaching procedures:Step 1 Lead-in● Warm-up questions:1.Do you often read newspapers? (often, seldom …)2. How do you select the news you like to read, by taking a look at its title orby being attracted by its colorful pictures?3. Have you ever noticed there are differences in writing styles between newspaperarticles and other kind of articles you read?4.Can you tell me the feature of a news title? Let’s take the passage we’re goingto learn as an example, the title is “Boy missing, police puzzled”, what’s special? (The title of a news story is usually incomplete, attractive, exact and direct …)5.Can you complete the title? (“A boy is missing, and the police are puzzled”)6.What information can you get from the title? (how/when/where was the boy missing?;why are the police puzzled?). Tell the students a news story will cover such details as what, when, where, who, how and why about a certain event.—PPT5 [设计说明]通过问题的提出让学生对要学的文体特点先有个粗略的了解，同时期望能激发学生对赶忙要学的内容的爱好。
2019年高中英语 Unit1 Tales of the unexplained巨石阵素材牛津译林版必修2This is an ancient monument of huge stone standing on the vast Sablisbury plains in England has captured our imaginations for centuries. It’s the most enigmatic pre-historic monument on earth.古老的巨石阵屹立在英格兰索尔兹伯里平原上,数世纪以来,它的丰姿赋予了我们丰富的想象力。
它是地球上最神秘的史前遗迹。
What makes the structure at Stonehenge unique is the fact that for the first time they’re shaping stones on a massive scale. Dating back as far as 2950B.C., theories about who built Stonehenge have included the druids and the Greeks. Speculation as to its purpose, range from astronomy to a UFO landing site.巨石阵是独一无二的,因为它是首次出现的最大规模的成形巨石。
究竟是谁建造了巨石阵?这要追溯到公元前2950年,有两种说法:一种认为是特鲁伊特教的教徒,另一种说法则认为是希腊人。
有关巨石阵作用的推测也是众说纷纭,上至天文学意义,下至不明飞行体的降落点,尚无定论。
Now a ruin with many of the original stones fallen or removed, this site Sun attracts nearly five thousand tourists everyday.现在,尽管很多巨石已经倒塌,或给搬走,但是这古迹仍然每天吸引着近五千名观光游客。
Unit 1 Tales of the unexplainedPart 1: Teaching DesignAims and requirementsRead a news story about a missing boy and a magazine article about Yeti Listen to a dialogue between a boss and his employeeTalk about aliens and conduct an interviewWrite a reportTell a mysterious storyProceduresPeriod one, Welcome to the UnitStep 1: Brainstorming1. Boys and girls, have you ever heard something not only interesting andattractive but also unexplained at all even with the help of modern science and technology in the world? Here are some pictures on the screen. Can you tell me what they are?The chances for seeing a UFO are greater for those people who live in small towns or in the country and are outside late at night.UFOs. Yes, they are called UFOs, meaning unidentified flying objects.UFOs come in all shapes and sizes. Some are only small spots of light that move in strange patterns across the night sky.Some can be seen in the daytime are often disk- or saucer-shaped.UFOs were once seen in different parts of China. Look at some pictures on the screen, please.Do you think such kind of things mysterious ? Are you curious about them? Besides UFOs, can you list anything more unexplained you’ve ever heard or seen in your daily life?They are Yetis, the Loch Ness Monster, Stonehenge and the Pyramids in Egypt.2. Open your books and let’s look at page one. Please read the instruction and focus on the five pictures and illustrations first. Then answer the following questions:Do the five pictures have something in common?If so, what is it? (unexplained; no satisfactory answers; mysterious; no evidence...)Can scientists explain these phenomena?How do you feel about them?Are you a bit curious?3. Think of as many expressions as possible to answer the questions above. Try to make up some sentences and read them to the class. I will also offer you some examples.They are mysterious because no satisfactory answers have been offered to explain them. Though these mysteries have puzzled people for a long time, they still show great interest in them.People feel puzzled by the mysteries.4. Report the information you have collected to the class. Your answers are quite different. Now we will use some of your answers as a prompt for a class discussion. For example,Teacher: What information have you got about UFOs?Student A:...Teacher: Do you think Student A's information interesting? What about the information you've got? Is there anything different?Student B:...5. Please discuss the topics in pairs. Here are some questions.About UFOs:Have you ever read some reports about UFOs in China?Are you interested in UFOs?Are they really from another planet?What do the letters UFO stand for?Why do you think UFOs visit our planet?About Yetis:Where are the Himalayas?What's the weather like there?Why do some people make great efforts to climb them?(hobby; dream; challenge themselves; make discoveries; overcome difficulty,..)A Yeti is reported to be half-man and half-beast. Have you heard of it?Do you think some climbers' disappearances are connected with Yetis?About Stonehenge, the pyramids and the Loch Ness Monster:Stonehenge and the pyramids in Egypt, the most famous of which is the Great Pyramid, are cultural relics.Where were the pyramids built, on the east coast of the Nile or on the west coast?What are the reasons?Do you think the Great Pyramid is a wonder in human history?How was the Great Pyramid built?I haven't heard of Stonehenge or the Loch Ness Monster. They are a bit new to me. What about you?Would you be interested in discovering more about them?Step 2: Sharing information1. Let’s deal with the questions in pairs. For the first question, you may discuss it this way: Do you believe in UFOs? What might be the most acceptable explanation for UFOs? You may give different answers such as:-Aliens from space.-Military test aircraft.-Some UFOs are alien, some are test aircraft.-UFOs are evidence of human space travel.-UFOs are neither alien nor test aircraft.-UFOs don't exist.You can express your agreements and disagreements with each other.2. Summarize your answers and then report to the class.Sample answers1. I have a firm belief in UFOs. In fact, I have seen a few myself. UFO stands for Unidentified Flying Object, that is, an object, apparently moving in the sky, which we cannot identify. However, if you ask me whether or not I believe in spacecraft carrying visitors from outer space, I would have to say 'no'.I do not believe in them.2. The continent of Antarctica was discovered in 1818. It was once supposed to have been covered by ice for hundreds of thousands of years. However, in 1949 scientists took samples from sediment deep beneath Antarctica, which revealed that great rivers had once flowed into Antarctica until about 6,000 years ago, Many more mysteries remain to be discovered.3. I'm always interested in the stories of UFOs and aliens. And I hope I will have the chance to meet one some day. If it really happens to me, I will ask questions such as 'Who or what are you?', 'Where are you from?' and 'How long does it take to travel from your place to our planet?'. I will try my best toPeriod two, Reading boy missing ,police puzzledStep 1: Lead-in1. Some questions about UFODo you know what the three letters UFO stand for?Have you ever heard of the UFOs?Have you ever had the chance to see one?Do you believe the usual sayings about the UFOs?What do you think a UFO is?Do you think there are any creatures on it?Where do you think the creatures come from?Will they become our friends or enemies?2. Today, we’ll come to Reading part. Now I’d like you to look at the pictures on pages 2 and 3 and the title, Boy missing, police puzzled. Can you connect them with each other?Picture 1:Is the first picture a UFO?Are there really UFOs from the outer space?Picture 2:Who was the missing boy?Does he like playing football or baseball?Picture 3:What’s the picture about?Does the bright light outside the window come from a UFO?Does the bright light have something to do with Justin’s missing?(If possible, the teacher may use the projector or macromedia to show the situations in the three pictures and ask the students the same questions as given above. Check answers in pairs. Check the answers with the whole class if you wish.)3. Answer the following questions, focusing on the title of the article, Boy missing, police puzzled.Does the title arouse your interest when you read it?Can you complete the title?What information can you get from the title?What else do you want to know? For example, 'boy missing' (How/When/Where was the boy missing?) 'police puzzled' (Why are they puzzled?/What are the police going to do about the boy's disappearance and how?)Are you curious about why the writer uses an incomplete sentence as the title? Did you know that it is a feature of a news title?What are some other features of a news title?Can you guess what details may be covered in the following news story? Step 2:Fast reading for general ideas1. Before skimming the passage, please look at the news photographs first and describe what is happening in them. Then find the answers to the three questions above the text:1) What is the article about? (The article is about a missing boy/UFOs and aliens.)2) Who is missing? (Justin Foster is missing.)3) Do the police know what happened to Justin? (No.)2. Read the first paragraph carefully to get the main idea and the important facts such as: When and where was the boy missing? What caused the boy's sudden disappearance? How old was the boy? Why did people show interest in his disappearance?3. Now scan the article again and locate specific information according to Parts C1 and C2. Questions 1, 2, 3 and 5 in Part C1 check background information about Justin while Questions 4, 6, 7 and 8 check your comprehension about witnesses,aliens and the case. Part C2 requires you to identify some details to support the main points of the story.Step 3: Detailed reading for important information1. Please self-evaluate how well you understand and comprehend the article with the following exercise.At 8 p.m.___________________________________At 10.45 p.m._____________________________Justin Foster At 11 p.m.___________________________________After 11p.m., he was seen_____________________The next morning, he was found________________shape__________________its appearance colour__________________Strange objects (UFO) size______________________its inside ___________________________________2. Answer the questionsWhere does Justin Foster live ? （He lives in Dover, New Hampshire.）Why did Justin’s mother go to bed early? (Justin’s mother went to bed early because of a headache.)What sports does Justin play? (He plays basketball.)What time did the witness see Justin walking home? (At 10.45 p.m.)Does Justin have any brothers and sisters ? (He has a sister)What colour were the aliens? (They were white.)Who else has been taken by the aliens? (Mavis Wood has been taken by the aliens.) Who is in charge of the case ? (Detective Sam Peterson was in charge of the case.)3. Complete Parts D and E. The meanings of the words in Part D are not difficult for you to identify after you have read through the passage twice. Part E is a diary written by Kelly. It requires you to understand the diary first, and then write down the missing words to make the meaning complete.3. Having read the text, please pay attention to the different features of each paragraph.1) First let’s have a discussion about how we usually decide whether a news article is worth reading or not and what methods we use in our reading.As we all know, newspapers play an important part in our daily life. Wherever you are, you can be informed of the latest news by reading a newspaper. From your experience, how do you usually select the news you’d like to read, by taking a look at its title or being attracted by its colorful pictures?Every one of you can express your own opinions and give the reasons. 2) Compared with the other paragraphs, is the first paragraph the most important one in the article? Please describe the differences between the first paragraph of the article and the paragraphs that follow.3) You are asked to read the Reading strategy ‘reading a newspaper article’. Pay attention that both the title and the first paragraph, which is called the lead paragraph, play a key role in your understanding of news articles. Step 4: Post-reading activities1. Retell the story according to the diagram on page 6. I’ll write down some key words and phrases on the blackboard or the overhead projector for you to refer to in case you need help.2. Suppose you are a writer. Please give an ending to the story. Though the police have made efforts to investigate the case. Justin's disappearance remains a mystery. Was he really seized by aliens or were there other reasons? All the people are concerned about Justin's disappearance. What do you think might have happened to him? Was he in danger? If he were taken away by aliens, how do you think they would treat him? Just use your imagination and all the endings are acceptable.3. Do with Parts A1 and A2 on page 80 in Workbook to get more familiar with the text and the words and expressions in it.4. Please turn your attention to the questions in Part F. You are expected dosome speaking practice according to the sample.5. Read Part A first and then do Part B in Writing on page 87 in Workbook.Listen to me, please. Space exploration began with the launch of the first artificial satellite. What does 'launch' mean? What word can be used to replace 'artificial'? What about the word 'man-made'?3. Now continue with your discussion by answering the following questions: How can a space shuttle be sent into space?Can it fly into space by itself?With these two questions, you should focus on reading the poster the scientist is showing to you. By the way, do you know the differences between spaceship and space shuttle?▲A spaceship is a vehicle for carrying people through space.▲A space shuttle is a vehicle that is designed to carry people into space and back to the Earth several times to do experiments.Think about other information the scientist may refer to in the following part of his speech.4. Read the second part of the scientist's speech and complete Part C individually according to the instructions. We’ll then check the answers. Answers to C (Page 7)I guess some of you are dreaming an astronautTo check your reading comprehension, I’d like to ask you some questions: What will happen to the rockets after the shuttle has been sent to space? Where will the astronauts do their research?Why can't they remove their spacesuits?Step 3: Vocabulary extension1. Right now we've got some knowledge about space and space exploration, and learned some relevant words and expressions. Let's review them.inner spacespacePeriod four, Grammar and UsagePresent perfect tense1. Use different methods to present the present perfect tense. Here are some ideas:1) Please look at the screen. Pay attention to the different forms of the verbs:2) Let’s complete the following sentences, in which the predicate part is missing.We_____(study) English for about five years.They_____(live) in the south since their daughter was born.I_______ (read) your article three times. It's well written.The student________(finish) her homework already.Eric__________(go) back to his hometown today.Answers: have studied have lived have read has finished has gone3) Read the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used.We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago.They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.The student is doing her homework. She hasn't finished it yet.Eric left home last year and has just come back.2. We may wonder why some verbs can't be used in the present perfect tense. Let’s read the following sentences, and try to find different usages of some verbs.Justin has been away from home for several days. He disappeared last Friday.They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.My brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.So you see when an action happens over a period of time that began in the past and continues to the present, the present perfect tense is often used. When an action happened at a definite time in the past, the past simple tenseis often used.3. Read Points 1 and 2 on page 8 to make sure why the present perfect tense is used in these two sentences.4. Go over Point 3 on page 8 to learn what time expressions can be used with the present perfect tense. Pay attention to the different usages between already and yet, or for and since.5. Read Point 4 on page 8 to learn that the present perfect tense can be used in a situation where the action was completed only a moment ago. In this case, just is used.6. Go over Points 5 and 6 on page 8 and note that when we want to express a repeated action, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three times ...7. Let’s read the diary entry and then complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Answers:(2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasn't visited (6) has swum(7) has never met(8) has dived (9) has found (10) hasn't found (11) Has, been Summary of The Present Perfect tense:1.We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.Daniel has lived(live) in Beijing since he came to China.(Connection with the past: Daniel came to China. Connection with the present: Daniel is living in China.)2.We use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now.came has lived________________________________________past now future3.We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago.I went to Egypt in 1986. I went to Egypt in 2004.I have been (be) to Egypt twice.4.We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions.Has it ever snowed(snow) in Hong Kong?No, it has never snowed(snow) there.5.We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as: already, ever, for, just, lately, never, recently, since, yetNotes:1. We use already for affirmative statements and yet for negativestatements and interrogative sentences.2. We use for + a period of time and since + a point of time.3. Structures connected with the present perfect tense:1) It is (has been) +a period of time +since-clause.2) This (That/It) is the first (second…) time + that-clause (present perfect tense).3) This (That/It) is the only ) … + that-clause (present perfect tense).4) This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most interesting … + that-clauseResourcesThe present perfect-Three hours ago she baked a cake. And since then let’s see…-…She’s already made the beds, written a letter, gone shopping, and cooked dinner.-And now she’s just answered the telephone for the fifth time.English has a verb tense, the present perfect, which serves to denotepast happenings that are relevant to, or that still have an effect at,the moment of speaking. This tense, formed with the present of have plusa past participle (answered, cooked, gone, written, made, and so on),is really a combination of present and past together. Notice the kindsof adverbs and adverbial phrases that are closely associated with the present perfect.He’s been a success now, I would say, since 1990.And now he’s just decided to enter politics.The simple past, denoting past happenings that are localized in the past, contrasts sharply with the present perfect, as can be seen best by thekinds of “time” adverbials that may be used with one tense but not withthe other.Simple Past PresentPerfectyesterday since thenan hour ago so farI learned a new song last night I’ve learned another nowon Monday in thelast houralreadynow nowthen × then then ×then(past) (future) (past) (future)(Attention is drawn to the past (Attention is drawn tothe present knowledgeEvent and the time it took place.) of the song and not on theprevious act of learning it.)Therefore, do not say things like “I’ve learned a new song yesterday”, which is a very common mistake.The speaker chooses among these and other tenses in part accordingto how he feels himself related to the event.Present perfect continuous tenseHere we will look at two situations in which the present perfect continuous tense is used. Note how the tense is formed and try to understand how the tense is used in sentences. We will practise forming verbs in this tense and complete sentences.1. We sometimes use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way. For example,I've been waiting for an hour and he still hasn't turned up.I'm so sorry I'm late. Have you been waiting long?2. Go over Points 1 and 2 on page 9 to understand this tense better.3. Go over Point 3 to see how the tense is formed.4. Fill in the missing words. Pay attention to the verb form in the example given in the first picture (all the verb forms here are the present perfect continuous tense, except for the one in Sentence 5). It is a trap and does not require the present perfect continuous tense.Answers:(2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching (5) have seen (6) have been writing5. Do with Part C1 on page 82 in Workbook to become familiar with the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense.Present perfect or present perfect continuous?1. Go over Point I on page 10 to identify why the two different tenses are used in the two sentences.In the first sentence, the present perfect tense is used, which means that the action read isn't continuing, and Li Jia knows what the book is about now. In the second sentence, the present perfect continuous tense is used, which means that the action read is still continuing.2. Go over Point 2 on page 10. Note that the present perfect continuous tense can't be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and then started again.3. Go over Point 3 on page 10 to define the meaning of a state verb or an action verb. Note that a state verb doesn't mean an action, so it can't be used ina continuous tense.4. Note that the present perfect continuous tense can't be used when the words always, never, yet, already or ever are used in a sentence.5. Finish the two exercises on page 11.Answers:A (1) heard (2)been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7) read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been makingSample answers:B 1. He has been waiting at an underground station.2. They have been traveling in a UFO. It looks like a saucer. (Answers may be various.)3. They probably have talked to animals or plants on the Earth as well as creatures on other planets. (Answers may be various.)4. They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets. (Answers may be various.)6. Do with Part C2 on page 82 in Workbook to have one more chance to practise the usage of the two different tenses.ResourceThe Present Perfect Continuous-I still haven’t figured out how she does it all.-I haven’t either, and I’ve been trying now for ten years.The present perfect tense, like the simple present and the simple past,has a continuous form as well. The effect of the present perfect continuous is to make past happenings continuous throughout a time span extending up to the present:Simple Past: I learned a new song (three hours ago).nowHours then ×then(past) (future)(past event accomplished,specific time)Present Perfect: I’ve learned another now (inthe past few hours).nowHours then ×then(past) (future)(past event accomplished, present relevance)Present Perfect Continuous: I’ve been learning still another now (for the past hour).nowHours then ×then(past) (future)(past event not necessarily accomplished, present relevance, possibly still going on at the moment of speaking)Verbs denoting action that can only be momentary or instantaneous (knock, hit, sneeze, interrupt, introducing, and so on) can also occur in the continuous. The meaning, however, is then one of repetition:You’ve been interrupting me now ( for the past five minutes).nowthen × then(past) (future)Although this class of verbs also includes arrive, leave, come, go, and so on, the “repetition” with the verbs just mentioned cannot be effected by one person alone: The guests haven been arriving now for an hour. But not “The guest has been arriving now for an hour.ConsolidationI. Relative items in recent years’ college entrance examinations:1. My friend, who ____ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006浙江)A. servedB. is servingC. had servedD. has served2. John and I ________friends for eight years. We first got to know each otherat a Christmas party. But we ________each other a couple of times before that. (2002北京春季招生)A. had been; have seenB. have been; have seenC. had been; had seenD. have been; had seen3. With the rapid growth of population, the city ________in all directions inthe past five years. (2003北京春季招生)A. spreadsB. has spreadC. spreadD. had spread4. --How long ________at his job? --Since 1990. (2003北京春季招生)A. were you employedB. have you been employedC. had you been employedD. will you be employed5. How can you possibly miss the news? It ________on TV all day long. (2004北京春季招生)A. has beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be6. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ________going back to school, but shehasn’t decided yet. (2004 北京高考)A. had consideredB. has been consideringC. consideredD. is going to consider 7. --How are you today? (2000全国高考)--Oh, I ________as ill as I do now for a very long time.A. didn’t feelB. wasn’t feelingC. don’t feelD. haven’t felt8. I _______ Ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. (2001全国高考)A. playedB. will playC. have playedD. play9. I wonder why Jenny ________us recently. We should have heard from her bynow. (2002全国高考)A. hasn’t writtenB. doesn’t writeC. won’t writeD. hadn’t written10. Although he has lived with us for years, he ________us much impression.(2004上海春季招生)A. hadn’t leftB. didn’t leaveC. doesn’t leaveD. hasn’t left11. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power________increased enormously ever since. (2004上海高考)A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been12. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ________50million. (2004福建高考)A. have reachedB. has reachedC. are reachingD. hadreached13. More patients ________in hospital this year than last year. (2004江苏高考)A. treatedB. have treatedC. had been treatedD. have beentreated14. --The window is dirty. --I know. It ________ for weeks. (2004广西高考)A. hasn’t cleanedB. didn’t cleanC. wasn’t cleanedD. hasn’t been cleaned15 Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science ______ that people whodon't sleep well soon get ill. (2005广东高考)A. showedB. has shownC. will showD. is showing16. The coffee is wonderful ! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before. （2005全国卷I）A．was having B．have C．have ever had D．had ever had 17. My brother is an actor. He _________ in several films so far. （2005浙江卷）A．appears B．appeared C．has appeared D．is appearing 18. I ____ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (2006重庆)A. livedB. was livingC. have livedD. had lived19. Although medical science ____ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. (2006江苏)A. achievedB. has achievedC. will achieveD. had achieved20. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ____ on it for more than an hour. (2006湖北)A. has been workingB. will have workedC. will have been workingD. had workedII. Translation1 我已经看了说明，但我还是不理解。
