Aligning GreenBlack Belts To Business Needs

Additional Information About Your Seat BeltsSeat Belt SystemComponentsYour seat belt system includes lap/shoulder belts in the frontseats and the outer back seats, and a lap belt in the center back seat.The system alsoincludes a light on theinstrument panel to remind you and your passengers to fasten your belts. If the driver's seat belt is not fastened before the ignition is turned ON (II), the light will come on and a beeper will also sound. The beeper will stop after a few seconds, but the light will stay on until the driver's seat belt is fastened.Lap/Shoulder BeltThis seat belt has a single belt that goes over your shoulder,across your chest, and across your hips.To fasten the belt, insert the latch plate into the buckle, then tug on the belt to make sure the buckle is latched.To unlock the belt, push the red PRESS button on the buckle.Guide the belt across your body to the door pillar. After exiting the vehicle, be sure the belt is out of the way and will not get closed in the door.All lap/shoulder belts have an emergency locking retractor. In normal driving, the retractor lets you move freely in your seat while it keeps some tension on the belt. During a collision or sudden stop, the retractorautomatically locks the belt to help restrain your body.Driver and Passenger SafetyAll the lap/shoulder belts except the driver's have an additional locking mechanism that must be activated to secure a child seat.(See pages 26 and 30 for instructions on how to secure child seats with this type of seat belt.)If the shoulder part of the belt is pulled all the way out, the locking mechanism will activate. The belt will retract, but it will not allow a passenger to move freely.To deactivate the lockingmechanism, unlatch the buckle and let the seat belt fully retract.To refasten the belt, pull it out only as far as needed.See page 13 for instructions on how to wear the lap/shoulder belt properly.Lap BeltThe lap belt has one manually adjusted belt that fits across the hips.To fasten the belt, insert the latch plate into the buckle marked CENTER, then tug on the belt to make sure the buckle is latched.To unlock the belt, push the red PRESS button.See page 14 for how to lengthen the lap belt, and how to properly position the belt.Seat Belt MaintenanceFor safety, you should check the condition of your seat belts regularly.Pull each belt out fully and look for frays, cuts, burns, and wear.Check that the latches work smoothly and that thelap/shoulder belts retract easily.Any belt not in good condition or not working properly will not provide good protection and should be replaced as soon as possible.Driver and Passenger SafetyAcura provides a lifetimewarranty on seat belts. Acura will repair or replace any seat belt component that fails to function properly during normal use.Please see your Acura Warranty Information booklet for details.If a seat belt is worn during a crash, you should have yourdealer inspect the belt, andreplace it if necessary. A belt that has been worn during a crash may not provide the same level of protection in a subsequent crash.The dealer should also inspect the anchors for damage and replace them if needed.For information on how to clean your seat belts, see page 219.About Your SRSThe SRS is designed to provide protection under a wide range of driving conditions, including off-road driving. When driving off-road, it is important that everyone wear their seat belts properly, and that you drive at speeds that are safe for the terrain and conditions. Refer to the Off-Road Driving Information booklet for tips on proper operation.SRS ComponentsYour Supplemental RestraintSystem (SRS) includes:Two frontal airbags. Thedriver's airbag is stored in the center of the steering wheel;the front passenger's airbag is stored in the dashboard. Both are marked "SRS AIRBAG."Driver and Passenger SafetyAdditional Information Not checking or maintaining seat belts can result in serious injury or death if the seat belts do not work properly when needed.Check your seat belts regularly and have any problemcorrected as soon as possible.Sensors that can detect a moderate to severe frontalcollision.A sophisticated electronic system that continuallymonitors the sensors, control unit, the airbag activators and all related wiring when the ignition is ON (II).An indicator light on theinstrument panel to alert you to a possible problem with the system (see page 42).Emergency backup power in case your vehicle's electrical system is disconnected in a crash.How Your Airbags WorkIf you ever have a moderate to severe frontal collision, the sensors will detect rapiddeceleration and signal the control unit to instantly inflate the airbags.During a crash, your seat belt helps restrain your lower body and torso. Your airbag provides acushion to help restrain and protect your head and chest.Since both airbags use the same sensors, both airbags normally inflate at the same time. However,it is possible for only one airbag to inflate.This can occur when the severity of a collision is at the margin, or threshold, that determineswhether or not the airbags will deploy. In such cases, the seat belt will provide sufficient protection and the supplemental protection provided by the airbag would be minimal.Driver and Passenger SafetyAfter inflating, the airbagsimmediately deflate so they won't interfere with the driver'svisibility, or the ability to steer or operate other controls.The total time for inflation and deflation is approximatelyone-tenth of a second, so fast that most occupants are not aware that the airbags deployed until they see them lying in their laps.After a crash, you may see what looks like smoke. This is actually powder from the airbag's surface.Although the powder is notharmful, people with respiratory problems may experience some temporary discomfort. If this occurs, get out of the vehicle as soon as it is safe to do so.For additional information on how your airbags work, see the booklet titled SRS: What YouNeed to Know About Airbags that came with this owner's manual.How the SRS Indicator Light WorksThe purpose of the SRS indicator light is to alertyou to a potential problem with your Supplemental Restraint System.When you turn the ignition ON (II), this indicator will blink seven times, then go out. This tells you that the system is working properly.However, if the light comes on at any other time, you should have the system checked by yourdealer. For example:If the SRS indicator light does not come on after you turn theignition ON (II).If the light stays on after the engine starts.Driver and Passenger SafetyAIRBAGIf the light comes on or flasheson and off while you drive.If you see any of theseindications, your airbags may notdeploy when you need them. Seeyour Acura dealer as soon aspossible.SRS ServiceYour Supplemental RestraintSystem is virtually maintenance-free, and there are no parts youcan safely service. However, youmust have your vehicle servicedif:Your airbags ever inflate. Theairbags and the control unitmust be replaced. Do not try toremove or replace the airbagsyourself. This must be done byan Acura dealer or aknowledgeable body shop.The SRS indicator light alertsyou to a problem. Take yourvehicle to an authorized Acuradealer as soon as possible. Ifyou ignore this indication, theairbags might not inflate whenyou need them.Additional SafetyPrecautionsDo not attempt to deactivateyour airbags. Together, airbagsand seat belts provide the bestprotection in a moderate tosevere frontal collision.Do not tamper with SRScomponents or wiring for anyreason. Tampering could causethe airbags to deploy, possiblycausing very serious injury.See page 164 for furtherinformation and precautionsrelating to your SRS.Driver and Passenger SafetyCarbon Monoxide HazardYour vehicle's exhaust contains carbon monoxide gas. You should have no problem with carbon monoxide entering the vehicle in normal driving if you maintain your vehicle properly. Have the exhaust system inspected forleaks whenever:The vehicle is raised for an oilchange.You notice a change in thesound of the exhaust.The vehicle was in an accident that may have damaged the underside.High levels of carbon monoxide can collect rapidly in enclosed areas, such as a garage. Do notrun the engine with the garage door closed. Even with the door open, run the engine only long enough to move the vehicle out of the garage.With the tailgate door open, air flow can pull exhaust gas into the interior. This can create ahazardous condition. If you must drive with the tailgate door open,open all the windows and set the heating and cooling system as shown below.If you must sit in your parked vehicle, even in an unconfined area, with the engine running,adjust the heating and cooling system as follows:1. Slide the lever to2. Turn the dial to mode.3. Turn the fan on high speed.4. Set the temperature control toa comfortable setting.Driver and Passenger SafetyThese labels are in the locations shown. They warn you ofpotential hazards that could cause serious injury.If a label becomes hard to read,contact your Acura dealer for a replacement.Driver and Passenger SafetySafety LabelsDASHBOARDSUN VISORUNDER-HOOD。

一带一路廉洁建设高级别原则英文版IntroductionThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a global development strategy proposed by the Chinese government with the goal of promoting economic cooperation and infrastructure development across Asia, Africa, and Europe. As the BRI seeks to connect countries and regions through a network of infrastructure projects, it is crucial to ensure that these projects are implemented with integrity and transparency. To achieve this, the principles of clean construction for the BRI have been developed to guide the planning, implementation, and monitoring of infrastructure projects.The principles of clean construction for the BRI are based on the fundamental values of integrity, transparency, accountability, and sustainability. These principles aim to promote responsible and ethical practices in the construction and operation of infrastructure projects, and to prevent corruption and unethical behavior. By adhering to these principles, countries and institutions involved in the BRI can ensure that infrastructure development contributes to the economic, social, and environmental well-being of the communities it serves.The following are the high-level principles of clean construction for the BRI:1. Integrity and EthicsIntegrity and ethics are the foundation of clean construction for the BRI. All parties involved in infrastructure projects must adhere to high ethical standards and conduct their activities with honesty, fairness, and transparency. This includes avoiding conflicts of interest, respecting the rule of law, and upholding the rights and dignity of all individuals affected by the projects.2. Compliance with Laws and RegulationsAll infrastructure projects under the BRI must comply with the laws, regulations, and standards of the countries in which they are implemented. This includes environmental regulations, labor laws, and other relevant legal requirements. Compliance with local laws and regulations is essential for the responsible and sustainable development of infrastructure projects.3. Risk Management and Due DiligenceEffective risk management and due diligence are essential for the successful implementation of infrastructure projects. This includes conducting thorough assessments of potential risks and impacts, and developing strategies to mitigate and manage these risks. Due diligence also involves conducting comprehensive background checks on potential partners and suppliers to ensure their integrity and reliability.4. Transparency and AccountabilityTransparency and accountability are critical for the effective oversight and monitoring of infrastructure projects. All parties involved in the BRI must disclose relevant information about the projects to stakeholders, including project costs, timelines, and potential impacts. Additionally, mechanisms for accountability and redress should be established to address any grievances or misconduct related to infrastructure projects.5. Anti-Corruption MeasuresCorruption is a significant threat to the integrity and sustainability of infrastructure projects. All parties involved in the BRI must implement robust anti-corruption measures to prevent and address corrupt practices. This includes establishing clear procedures for reporting and investigating allegations of corruption, as well as providing training and support for personnel to resist and report corrupt behavior.6. Social and Environmental ResponsibilityInfrastructure projects under the BRI must prioritize the well-being of local communities and the environment. This includes conducting thorough social and environmental impact assessments, and developing strategies to minimize negative impacts and enhance positive outcomes. Additionally, the rights and interests of affected communities must be respected and protected throughout the project lifecycle.7. Capacity Building and Knowledge SharingEffective clean construction for the BRI requires the development of human and institutional capacity. This includes providing training and support for project personnel to enhance their understanding of clean construction principles, as well as fostering exchange and collaboration between countries and institutions to share best practices and lessons learned.8. Stakeholder Engagement and ParticipationEffective stakeholder engagement is essential for the successful implementation of infrastructure projects. All parties involved in the BRI must actively engage with relevant stakeholders, including local communities, civil society organizations, and other affected parties, to ensure their concerns and perspectives are incorporated into project planning and decision-making.9. Continuous Improvement and LearningThe principles of clean construction for the BRI are not static, and should be continuously reviewed and improved to reflect changing circumstances and lessons learned. This requires a commitment to ongoing learning and improvement, as well as the establishment of mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of clean construction principles in infrastructure projects.ConclusionThe principles of clean construction for the BRI provide a framework for promoting responsible, ethical, and sustainable infrastructure development. By adhering to these principles, countries and institutions involved in the BRI can contribute to the economic, social, and environmental well-being of the communities they serve, while also fostering trust, collaboration, and mutual benefit among all parties involved in the initiative. As the BRI continues to grow and evolve, the principles of clean construction should be upheld as essential guidelines for the planning, implementation, and monitoring of infrastructure projects. Only by embracing these principles can the BRI achieve its goals of enhancing connectivity, promoting economic development, and building a more prosperous and sustainable future for all.。

Text OneMigratory Birds and CoffeeIntroduction--Shade-grow coffee plantations play a key role in the conservation of migratory birds that have found a sanctuary in he forest-like environment、Read the following fact sheet and learn more about it、1．In both North and Latin America, migratory birds have found a sanctuary in the forest-like environment of traditional coffee plantations、In eastern Chiapas, Mexico, biologists found that traditionally-managed coffee and cacao (chocolate) plantations support over 150 species of birds; a greater number is found in other agricultural habitats, and exceeded only in undisturbed tropical forest、Even in very disturbed areas, coffee plantations support good populations of migrants and other species that prefer or are restricted to forest habitats, such as redstarts, black-throated green warblers , and residents including parrots and woodcreepers、2．However, because of recent changes in coffee production and marketing, shade coffee plantations are a threatened habitat、In the past twenty years, coffee has begun to be grown with no shade canopy at all、While this manner of cultivation 课文一Migratory Birds and Coffee导语:侯鸟在类似森林环境的荫栽咖啡种植园找到了栖息地,这些种植园在保护候鸟方面起了重要作用。

龙源期刊网
西方国家的店铺宣传语
作者：刘京西
来源：《初中生(二年级)》2009年第06期
1郾Outside a muffler shop:“No appointment necessary, we hear you coming.”
在消声器店的外面:“根本不用预约,我们听到你来了!”
2. in a reception room:“We shoot every 3rd salesman, and, the 2nd one just left.”
在接待室:“我们要毫不留情地赶走第三个推销员!第二个刚刚离开｡”
3. In a veterinarian’s waiting room:“Be back in 5 minutes. Sit! Stay!”
在兽医的候诊室:“稍候5分钟｡趴下!别动!”
4. At the electric company:“We should be delighted if you send in your bill.”
在电器公司:“如果您送来钞票,我们会很高兴｡”
5. In a restaurant window:“Don’t stand there and be hungry, come on in and get fed up.”
在餐馆的橱窗内:“别饿着肚子傻呆在那儿,进来吧,吃顿饱饭!”
6. In the front yard of a funeral home:“Drive carefully, we’ll wait.”
在墓地的前院:“开车当心,我们会等着你的｡”。

Figure 4-3. Side Choke.Section IIIShoulder ThrowThe purpose of a shoulder throw is to bring an aggressor to the ground and gain the tactical advantage in a fight. If an aggressor is moving toward you to attack, a shoulder throw can be used to take him to the ground while you remain standing. A shoulder throw is particularly effec-tive if the aggressor is moving forward or pushing on you. Execution of the shoulder throw uses the aggressor’s forward momentum.There are a minimum of 10 fit ins for each throw during sustaining. Walk through the technique, step by step, working on proper body positioning and execution.Refer to appendix A for corresponding safeties 1, 2, 6, 13, and 15.Fit in~Stand facing the aggressor in the basic warrior stance.~Grab the aggressor’s right wrist with your left hand and pull it into your left hip.~Step forward with your right foot to the inside of the aggressor’s right foot. Your heel should be between the aggressor’s feet and your toes should be even with the aggressor’s toes.~Step back with your left foot, rotating on the ball of your right foot. Your heels should come close together as if you were in the position of attention. Your feet should be in between the aggressor’s feet with your knees bent.~At the same time, under-hook the aggressor’s right arm with your right arm, pinching his arm between your biceps and forearm. You may grasp the aggressor’s upper arm with your right hand for more control.•Hand placement should allow you to control the aggressor and pull him in close to you. •Your backside should be up against the aggressor. Your hips should be slightly lower than your aggressor’s hips.~Pull the aggressor’s arm across your body. Lift the aggressor by straightening your legs and bending slightly at the waist.CAUTIONHave students stop prior to throwing the aggressor to the deck. Practicethis step prior to continuing.~Pull your aggressor’s arm down and away with your left hand while bending straight over at the waist; throw your aggressor over your right shoulder.~Return to the basic warrior stance.See figure 4-4.Figure 4-4. Shoulder Throw.Section IVCounter to StrikesA counter to a strike counters the aggressor’s attack and allows the Marine to gain thetactical advantage.Refer to appendix A for corresponding safeties 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15.Counter to a Round PunchThe counter to a round punch will stop your aggressor’s forward attack and gain control ofthe situation.T echnique~From the basic warrior stance, begin with the aggressor extending his right arm as if executing a round punch, forward-left to the inside of the aggressor’s attacking arm.~This immediately moves your body out of the line of attack and places you inside the strike.Do not move backwards. You increase your chances of being hit because the outside of your aggressor’s arm is moving faster than the inside and this is where all the power is generated. ~Attack with both arms bent so that your forearms make contact with the aggressor’s biceps and forearm. Block the attack with the force of a strike, applying the principle that every block is a strike.~With your left arm, over hook the aggressor’s right arm at or slightly above the elbow.~Control the aggressor’s arm by pinching it between your bicep and torso and execute a right inside knife hand strike to the right side of your aggressor’s neck.~Grab the back of your aggressor’s neck with the right hand, apply downward pressure, execute a right vertical knee strike to the aggressor’s available target areas. After a minimum of three combination strikes, create distance between you and your aggressor. Return to the basic warrior stance.See figure 4-5.Figure 4-5. Counter to a Round Punch.Counter to a Round KickThe counter to the round kick is used when the aggressor executes a round kick with his right leg. A counter to a round kick allows you to take your aggressor to the deck and gain the tactical advantage over the situation.T echnique~Begin with the aggressor extending his right leg, approximately waist level or slightly higher, in a round kick fashion. As the student’s proficiency increases, the technique can be taught so that the student can defend against an aggressor executing a round kick.~From the basic warrior stance, forward-left to the inside of the aggressor’s attacking leg.~This moves your body out of the line of attack and places you inside the power of the strike. ~At the same time, block your aggressor’s attacking leg with the meaty portion of your forearms. Do not bend down to block the attack. Make two points of contacts on the attacking leg with both of your arms.~Wrap your left arm over the aggressor’s attacking leg, at or below the knee, and trap it between your bicep and torso.~With your right hand, forcefully grasp the aggressor’s face, push forward and to the left to further off balance the aggressor.~For greatest effectiveness and efficiency of movement, you would insert your fingers deeply into the aggressor’s eyes as you grasp his face. Executing a chin jab is acceptable.~Simultaneously execute a leg sweep and drive the aggressor to the deck by pushing with your right arm against your aggressor’s upper torso.See figure 4-6.Figure 4-6. Counter to Round Kick.Section VLower Body StrikesLower body strikes are used to stop an aggressor’s attack or create an opening in his defense in order to launch an attack. The legs provide the most powerful weapons of the body with which to execute strikes because they use the largest muscles of the body and are less prone to injury. The feet are the preferred choice for striking because boots protect them. The feet, heels, and knees of the legs are used to execute knee strikes, kicks, and stomps. Never kick high, because this jeop-ardizes your balance and leaves you more vulnerable to a counterattack.The push kick is executed when the aggressor is in front of you and you need to stop an aggressor’s attack or to create an opening in his defense in order to launch an attack. The striking surface is the ball of the foot. Primary target areas of the body are the aggressor’s upper torso, any targets below the waist line, and the front of the thighs all the way down to the knees.T echnique~ Always keep your right knee waist high or parallel to the deck.~Always keep your hands up to protect yourself from any strikes.~Make contact on the aggressor’s abdomen with the ball of your rear foot. There is limited movement on one leg, so keep in mind that it is difficult to change the direction of a kick after it is initiated.~Follow through the target area by thrusting your hips forward toward your aggressor.~Rapidly return to the basic warrior stance.See figure 4-7 on page 4-16.Figure 4-7. Push Kick.Section VIUnarmed ManipulationsThe purpose of unarmed manipulations is to teach Marines how to operate within the continuum of force, particularly in support of peacekeeping- or humanitarian-type missions. In these situa-tions, Marines must act responsibly to handle situations without resorting to deadly force. Unarmed restraints and manipulation techniques such as enhanced pain compliance, the reverse wristlock come-along, and controlling techniques can be used to control an aggressor.Refer to appendix A for corresponding safeties 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 13.Enhanced Pain ComplianceApplying two points of pain enhances control and leverage while applying a technique.T echnique~From a reverse wristlock, continue to control the aggressor’s right hand with your right hand.Use your left hand to pull down and apply pressure on the aggressor’s radial nerve. When pressure is added to the radial nerve, do not loosen your right hand’s grip on the reverse wristlock. See figure 4-8 on page 4-18.•Pressure can be added to the nerve by moving out and down, in a circular motion.•It is acceptable to strike with the left hand before grabbing the radial nerve is.~From the basic wristlock, maintain control of the meaty portion of the aggressor’s left handwith your right hand, use the left hand to maintain control of the lower forearm and elbow withthe palm side up. Taking the left thumb and pushing it into the aggressor’s ulnar nervelocated just above the joint will add pressure. Pulling up on the elbow in the oppositedirection of the hand also adds pressure. See figure 4-9.Figure 4-8. Enhanced Pain Compliance From a Reverse Wristlock.Figure 4-9. Enhanced Pain Compliance from a Basic Wristlock.~From the wristlock come-along, maintain control of the wrist with both hands, and lock theaggressor’s elbow with the forearms. Apply pressure against the finger joints to bend them away from each other, splitting the fingers in opposite directions. See figure 4-10.Reverse Wristlock Come-AlongThe reverse wristlock come-along is effective when transporting a subject from one location toanother. It can be used as follow-on technique to the reverse wristlock. T echnique~With your right hand, execute a reverse wristlock. Instead of stopping the rotation at90-degrees, continue the rotation until the aggressor’s palm is facing straight up towardthe sky.~Ensure you keep the aggressor’s hand close to your chest.~With your left hand, grab the meaty portion of the aggressor’s thumb and as much of thepalm as possible.~With your right hand, collapse the aggressor’s right arm by applying pressure or striking theinner portion of his elbow.~At the same time step forward with the left foot pivoting on the ball of your right foot so thatyou are facing in the same direction as your aggressor.~With your right hand pull the aggressor’s elbow to your chest as you bring your left arm highinto your aggressor’s armpit.~Maintain upward pressure with your left arm to keep your aggressor off balance.~Keep pressure on your aggressor’s wrist by rotating your palm toward you while keepingdownward pressure on the hand to maintain compliance over your aggressor.~Your right hand will move on top of the aggressor’s right hand. Keep your elbows tight tocontrol the aggressor’s arm.Figure 4-10. Enhanced Pain Compliance from a Wristlock Come-Along.See figure 4-11.Note: For enhanced pain compliance release with your right hand andre-grasp the bottom two fingers on the aggressor’s hand and pull themdown and away from his hand.Figure 4-11. Reverse Wristlock Come-Along.Controlling TechniquesOpposite Side GrabThe opposite side grab is effective if someone tries to grab your wrist.T echnique~Begin with the aggressor grabbing your right wrist with his right hand.~Trap the aggressor’s right hand in place on the right wrist with the palm of your left hand.~Rotate your right hand to reach up and grasp the aggressor’s right forearm while maintaining downward pressure on the aggressors trapped right hand, with your left hand.~The target area to grasp on the right forearm is the radial nerve.~Apply downward pressure in and down with both hands until the aggressor is forced to one knee and is effectively controlled.See figure 4-12.Figure 4-12. Opposite Side Grab.Same Side GrabThe same side grab is effective if someone tries to grab your wrist.T echnique~Begin with the aggressor grabbing your right wrist with his left hand.~Rotate your right palm upward.~Grab the backside of the aggressor’s hand with your left hand, palm side up, wrapping your fingers around the meaty portion of his thumb.~Continue to rotate the aggressor’s palm outboard until control or compliance is achieved. See figure 4-13.Figure 4-13. Same Side Grab.Section VIIKnife TechniquesThe purpose of knife techniques is to cause enough damage and massive trauma to stop an aggressor by properly executing a counter knife strike from a vertical attack and a forward strike. Refer to appendix A for corresponding safeties 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 13.Counter to a Vertical Strike With Follow-on TechniquesT echnique~From the modified basic warrior stance, move forward, inside the arc of attack.~Block the attack, over and in front of your head, with your left arm. The arm is bent so that your forearm makes contact with the aggressor’s forearm.~At the same time execute a vertical thrust into the aggressor’s neck and follow through with at least three more killing techniques, preferably thrusting to available target areas. Control the aggressor’s attacking arm throughout.See figure 4-14.Figure 4-14. Counter to a Vertical Strike.Counter to a Forward Strike With Follow-on TechniquesT echnique~From the modified basic warrior stance, move forward-left, inside the arc of the attack.~Block the attack with your left arm bent so that your forearm makes contact with the aggressor’s forearm.~At the same time, use the blade to block the aggressor’s upper arm or bicep. Then slash downward on the biceps dropping your body weight to develop maximum force.~Follow through with at least three more killing techniques preferably thrusting to available target areas on the aggressor. Control the aggressor’s attacking arm throughout.See figure 4-15.Figure 4-15. Counter to a Forward Strike.Section VIIIWeapons of OpportunityThe purpose of weapons of opportunity is to enable each individual Marine to be creative and utilize any object on the battlefield in order to inflict maximum damage to the aggressor. A Marine should be ready and able to use anything around him to serve as a weapon. This may mean throwing sand or liquid in an aggressor’s eyes to temporarily impair his vision or execut-ing blocks: the block for a vertical strike, the block for a forward strike, the block for a reverse strike, and the block for a straight thrust. Weapons of opportunity blocks are effective when you are blocking attacks and the aggressor is using a weapon of opportunity. In any given confronta-tion, a Marine must use whatever it takes to win and move on to the next aggressor.Refer to appendix A for corresponding safeties 1, 2, 3, 4, and 14.Block for a Vertical Strike With Follow-on StrikesAll blocks being taught in this lesson will begin from the one-handed carry or two-handed carry. When the aggressor has a weapon, blocks are executed with your weapon.T echnique~Begin in the modified basic warrior stance with a one-handed grip. The aggressor extends his right hand in a vertical attack.~Move forward to get your body inside the arc of attack. This movement gets you inside the aggressor’s strike and his generated power. When you step in forcefully, you prevent the aggressor from developing power in his swing and you stop his momentum.~Block the aggressor’s weapon by making two points of contact to disperse the impact of the attack.~Block the aggressor’s weapon by positioning your weapon so it is perpendicular to the aggressor’s weapon. If your weapon is not perpendicular to the aggressor’s weapon, the aggressor’s weapon can slide through and make contact on you.~With the muscular portion of your left forearm, block the aggressor’s wrist or forearm with two points of contact. Control the arm with your left arm or grip the arm with your hand tomaintain control.~If you are closer to the aggressor, use your weapon to block the aggressor’s arm. It is the same movement, except now you block the aggressor’s arm with both your weapon and your arm.~Follow up with strikes to lethal target areas on the aggressor.See figure 4-16 on page 4-28.4-28MCRP 3-02B Chapter 4: Green Belt For Official Use Only Block for a Forward Strike With Follow-on Strikes T echnique~Begin in the modified basic warrior stance with a one-handed carry. The aggressor extendshis right hand in a forward strike.~ Move forward-left to get your body inside the arc of the attack.~To disperse the impact of the attack, block with two points of contact. Block the aggressor’swrist or forearm with the meaty portion of your left forearm and maintain control of the arm.~Strike the aggressor’s attacking biceps with your weapon.Figure 4-16. Block for a Vertical Strike.Marine Corps Martial Arts Program4-29For Official Use Only ~Control the arm with your left arm or grip the arm with your hand to maintain control.~Follow up with strikes to lethal target areas.See figure 4-17.Block for a Reverse Strike With Follow-on StrikesT echnique~Begin in the modified basic warrior stance with a one-handed carry. The aggressor extends his right hand in a reverse strike.~Move forward-right to get your body inside the arc of the attack.Figure 4-17. Block for a Forward Strike.Chapter 4: Green Belt4-30MCRP 3-02B Chapter 4: Green BeltFor Official Use Only ~To disperse the impact of the attack, block with two points of contact. Block the aggressor’sweapon by positioning your weapon so that it is perpendicular and making contact with theaggressor’s weapon.~With your left arm, block the aggressor’s forearm with the muscular portion of your forearm. Ifyou are in closer to the aggressor, block the aggressor’s triceps with the back of your leftforearm and strike his forearm with your weapon.~Control the arm with your left arm or grip the arm with your hand to maintain control.~Follow up with strikes to lethal target areas. See figure 4-18.Block for a Straight Thrust With Follow-on Strikes T echnique~Begin by facing the aggressor with his right arm straight out in front of him, simulating astraight thrust.~Block your aggressor’s attack by striking his arm perpendicular with yours as you stepforward-right with your right foot, to the outside of your aggressor’s left foot.~With your left hand, reach across the block and grasp and control your aggressor’s attackinglimb. This will prevent a follow-on attack with his weapon and leave him open for you.~Follow up with strikes to lethal target areas.See figure 4-19.Figure 4-18. Block for a Reverse Strike.Marine Corps Martial Arts Program4-31For Official Use Only Figure 4-19. Block for a Straight Thrust with Follow-on Strikes.Chapter 4: Green Belt4-32MCRP 3-02B Chapter 4: Green BeltFor Official Use Only Section IXGround FightingIn any close combat situation, the fight may end up on the ground. The purpose of groundfighting techniques is to allow you to return to your feet as quickly as possible and regain thetactical advantage. Techniques that can be used in ground fighting are the armbar from the mountposition and the armbar position from the guard position. Refer to appendix A for corresponding safeties 1, 2, 6, and 10.Armbar From Mount PositionThe armbar from the mount position is effective for causing damage to an aggressor’s arm pro-viding you with a tactical advantage and allowing you to get on your feet. T echnique~Begin with the aggressor on his back, on the ground.~Sit astride on the aggressor’s abdomen. Both legs are bent, with your knees touching theground. Use your weight and hips to control your aggressor. Keeping all of your weight onyour knees makes it easier for the aggressor to maneuver and escape.~The aggressor attempts to choke or push you off of him with straight arms.~Place both palms in the center of the aggressor’s chest. Your right arm will weave over theaggressor’s left arm and your left arm under his right arm. Post the majority of your weight onyour two hands pinning the aggressor to the ground.~Keep your right hip/upper, inside thigh in constant contact with your aggressor’s body,creating pressure on the aggressor’s left triceps. Turn your body to face left and swing yourright leg over the aggressor’s head.~Pull your feet in toward your buttocks to trap his body and pinch your knees together to traphis arm, hug his left arm to your chest and sit back with your upper body to straighten andlock out the aggressor’s arm.~Maintain pressure against the aggressor’s neck with the back of your right foot and againsthis side with your left foot underneath his armpit. Your legs are on either side of theaggressor’s left arm. Use your hips to make pressure into the aggressor’s elbow in thedirection of his left pinky. Your aggressor’s left palm should be facing the sky.~Falling back quickly and thrusting your hips up strongly against the aggressor’s elbow canbreak or dislocate the aggressor’s elbow. It is important to do this slowly in training in orderto give your training partner an opportunity to tap out and avoid injury. The aggressor willtap out by tapping on the deck three times, on himself three times, or by verbally sayingtap-tap-tap .~ Return to your feet, gaining the tactical advantage. You can follow-on with controllingtechniques to lethal force depending on the temper and intent of your adversary.See figure 4-20.Chapter 4: Green Belt Marine Corps Martial Arts Program 4-33For Official Use OnlyFigure 4-20. Armbar From Mount Position.4-34MCRP 3-02B Chapter 4: Green Belt For Official Use Only Armbar From Guard PositionThe armbar from the guard position is effective for causing damage to an aggressors arm andproviding you with a tactical advantage and allowing you to get on your feet. T echnique~Begin by lying on your back with the aggressor kneeling between your legs with his handsaround your neck. Wrap your legs around the aggressor’s waist.~Trap the aggressor’s hands on your chest by crossing your hands on your chest so that yourforearms are resting on his/her forearms.~With the cutting edge of your right heel, strike the outside of the aggressor’s left thigh. Thiswill cause the aggressor to jerk to that side.~Quickly move your head to your left and swivel your hips to your right while maintainingpositive control of your aggressor’s left arm. Simultaneously, bring up both of your legs sothat they are on the right side of the aggressor’s body.~Bring your right leg down, hooking the aggressor’s neck and head, and exert downwardpressure to roll him over on his back. Grasp and maintain control of the aggressor’s left arm.~You should end up sitting up with your legs bent over the aggressor while maintaining controlof his left arm. Your buttocks are tight against the aggressor’s shoulder. Move closer to youraggressor if necessary. Your legs are on either side of the aggressor’s right arm.~Keeping your legs and knees bent, maintain pressure against the aggressor’s neck with theback of your right foot and your left foot underneath his armpit against his side. Squeeze yourknees together, tightly locking in the aggressor’s arm.~Pull the aggressor’s arm straight up and fall back sharply, pulling his arm to the side in thedirection of his little finger. Your aggressor’s left palm should be facing the sky. This actionwill break the aggressor’s arm. Raise your hips slightly and pinch your toes in around theaggressor’s shoulder to maintain control and to generate power in the break.~Return to the basic warrior stance.See figure 4-21.Marine Corps Martial Arts Program4-35For Official Use Only Figure 4-21. Armbar From Guard Position.Chapter 4: Green BeltT HIS P AGE I NTENTIONALLY L EFT B LANK. For Official Use OnlyCHAPTER 5Brown BeltThe fourth belt ranking within MCMAP is Brown Belt. Upon qualifying as a Green Belt,all Marines are highly encouraged to continue MCMAP sustainment training in order toadvance to Brown Belt. Brown Belt is the introduction to advanced fundamentals of eachdiscipline. Brown Belt is the minimum training goal of all infantrymen. Purpose andprinciples remain the same as in Gray Belt.Brown Belt Requirements.Prerequisites Recommendation of reporting seniorComplete Green Belt sustainment andintegration trainingComplete PMETraining Hours A minimum of 18.5 hours, excluding remedialpractice timeand testingSustainment Hours A minimum of 15 hours of sustainment,excluding integration training time andpractice time for testingFor Official Use OnlySection IBayonet TechniquesThe purpose of bayonet techniques is to disable or kill the aggressor. When engaging in combat, mindset, more often than not, will be the determining factor of success or failure, regardless of technical proficiency. Anyone can train in a martial skill, but few have the mind and will to use their skills to kill or injure. Mindset is often the mental trigger in the defining moment that forces you to commit to an aggressor with the goal of injury or death.If faced with one-on-two engagements, two-on-one engagements, or two-on-two engagements, execute the bayonet techniques such as the straight thrust and the slash that you learned earlier in your martial arts training.The following bayonet training principles are applied to bayonet fighting:Disrupt. A disrupt creates an opening in the aggressor’s defense by bringing the aggressor’s weapon off line.Entry. Entry is the movement that is made in order to get inside the aggressor’s defense and find a path to the target. A movement can be a step forward or a small step to an oblique to get within striking distance of the aggressor.Modified Basic Warrior Stance. All movement begins and ends with the basic warrior stance.Channeling the Aggressor. Move using the approach and close principles of movement while attempting to place one aggressor in front of the other. Use the angles of approach learned earlier in your martial arts training.Refer to appendix A for corresponding safeties 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 14.One-on-Two EngagementT echnique~Assume the modified basic warrior stance.~Stagger two aggressors, approximately 10 meters in stationary positions, away from you. See figure 5-1.Figure 5-1. One-on-Two Engagement.~Execute movement toward aggressor.~While moving toward aggressor, use angles of approach to place one aggressor in front of the other.See figure 5-2.Figure 5-2. One-on-Two Engagement.~Use an economy of motion and no hesitation while moving toward aggressors.~Utilize natural terrain features and/or obstacles to channel aggressors along with movement. ~Attempt to engage one aggressor at a time. Do not hesitate at any time.~The primary technique used is the straight thrust, unless a disrupt is needed to disrupt your aggressor.~When at closing distance, the student should begin to thrust bayonet trainer so that the students can engage the aggressor at the furthest possible distance.Two-on-One EngagementT echnique~Assume the modified basic warrior stance.~Place two Marines, in a stationary position, 10 to 20 meters away from the aggressor.See figure 5-3.Figure 5-3. Two-on-One Engagement.~Execute movement toward the aggressor.~While moving toward the aggressor, do not allow him to use angles of approach to place one Marine in front of the other.~Stay together in a manner that allows Marines to attack simultaneously, covering each other’s movement and attack. This can be accomplished by either staying shoulder-to-shoulder or within a 90-degree angle of approach to each other. Communication with each other is essential.See figure 5-4.Figure 5-4. Two-on-One Engagement.~Use an economy of motion and no hesitation while moving toward the aggressor.~Utilize natural terrain features and/or obstacles to canalize the aggressor along with movement.~The primary technique used is the straight thrust, unless a disrupt is needed to clear a path for your blade.Two-on-Two EngagementT echnique~Two Marines assume the modified basic warrior stance.~Stagger two aggressors in a stationary position, 10 to 20 meters away from the other Marines.See figure 5-5.~Execute movement toward the aggressors.~While moving toward the aggressors, use angles of approach to place one aggressor in front of the other. At the same time, do not allow the aggressors to use angles of approach and movement to place you in front of the other Marine.。

中华人民共和国电子行业标准SJ/T 10668-1995 表面组装技术术语Terminology for surface mount techhology1. 主题内容与适用范围1.1主题内容本标准规定了表面组装技术中常用术语，包括一般术语，元器件术语，工艺、设备与材料术语，检验与其他术语共四个部分。

1.2适用范围本标准适用于电子技术产品表面组装技术。

2. —般术语2.1 表面组装元器件surface mounted components／surface mounted devices(SMC／SMD)外形为矩形片状、圆柱形或异形，其焊端或引脚制作在同一平面内，并适用于表面组装的电子元器件。

同义词表面安装元器件；表面贴装元器件注：凡同义词没有写出英文名称者，均表示与该条术语的英文名称相同。

2.2 表面组装技术surface mount technology(SMT)无需对印制板⑴钻插装孔，直接将表面组装元器件贴、焊⑵到印制板表面规定位置上的装联技术。

同义词表面安装技术；表面贴装技术注：1)通常表面组装技术中使用的电路基板并不限于印制板。

2)本标准正文中所述的“焊”或“焊接”，一般均指采用软钎焊方法，实现元器件焊接或弓I脚与印制板焊盘之间的机械与电气连接；本标准正文中所述的“焊料”和“焊剂”，分别指“软钎料”和“软钎焊剂”。

2.3 表面组装组件surface mounted assemblys(SMA)采用表面组装技术完成装联的印制板组装件。

简称组装板或组件板。

同义词表面安装组件2.4 再流焊reflow soldering通过重新熔化预先分配到印制板焊盘上的膏状软钎焊料，实现表面组装元器件焊端或引脚与印制板焊盘之间机械与电气连接的软钎焊。

2.5 波峰焊wave soldering将熔化的软钎焊料，经电动泵或电磁泵喷流成设计要求的焊料波峰，使预先装有电子元器件的印制板通过焊料波峰，实现元器件焊端或引脚与印制板焊盘之间机械与电气连接的软钎焊。

2024年自考-自考专业(国贸)-外刊经贸知识选读考试历年真题常考点试题带答案（图片大小可任意调节）第1卷一.单选题(共20题)1.Will you _________ playing basketball?A.join us inB. join toC. join us toD. to join us2.Our teachers made us ________a lot of homework after school.A.to doB.doingC.doD.to have done until seven o clock.3.The cost of the various repairs amounts __________ total to just over a hundred pounds.A. toB.inC.byD.for4.His whole school education ________ only 2 years because of his illness.A.added upB.added up inC. added up toD.was added up5.I don't know_________.B.how I could finish my homework on timeC.I can how finish my homework on the timeD.how I can finish my homework on time6.________, the first settlers found in New Zealand many strange birds and animals that exist nowhere else in the world.A.As in AustraliaB.As AustraliaC.Like in AustraliaD.Like Australia7.The storm died away at last with the golden waves __________ the shore in peace.A.beatB.to beatC.beatingD. beaten8.I don ’ t want to buy the sweater because I don ’ t like the color. __________, it is too expensive.A.ExceptB.Except forC.HoweverD.Besides9.You should try to write __________ eve n when you ’ re busy. As you know, pract ice makes perfect.A.now and thenB.more or lessC.sooner or laterD.here and there10.We are living a_____A.stillB.quietC.calmD.silent11.When Bob woke up he found himself in hospital, but he didn t __________.A.came aboutB. came outC. came along12.The world ’ s smallest baby, a __________ girl weighed just 24 grams when she was born .A.three monthsB.three-month-oldC.three months oldD.three-months-old13.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ good knowledge of basic word formation.A./B.theC.aD.one14.John said he would pay __________ second visit to China __________ next month.A.the; /B. the; theC.a; theD.a; /15.I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?A.may seeB. can seeC. may have seenD. can ’ t have seen16.Are you _________ your classmates well?A.getting alongB.get long withC.getting long withD.getting along with life in the country.17.--- Have you moved into the new house? --- Not yet. The rooms __________.A.are paintingB.are being paintedC.are paintedD.have painted18.—You look very pale. You __________ very tired. —I didn ’ t sleep at all last night.A.must beB. must have been19.I want your_________, sir. I don t know what to do.A.advicesB.piece of advicesC.adviceD.advise20.For some reason, it __________ all day over the two weeks.A.rainedB.rainsC.was rainingD.has been raining第2卷一.单选题(共20题)1.You look not a bit older than you did 5 years ago. How do you __________so young?A.changeB.growC.becomeD.stay2.At this moment the bell rang, ________ the end of class.A.announcedB.. having announcedC.announcingD.to announce3.Mr. Smith is in good health now for it is quite a long time since he __________.A.not smokedB.smokedC. has smokedD.began to smoke4.I _________when I was a young girl.C.made diariesD.kept diaries5.It's seven thirty. I_________ go to school.A.have gotB.have got toC.got toD.had got to6.Where was __________ you met with the famous scientist?A.it thatB.itC.the placeD.there7.No one _________of it.A.dared to speakingB.dared speakC. can dared speakD.dare speaking8.This is the first time that I_________ at the meeting.A. had spokenB. have spokenC.amD. was9.An A4 sized panel ( 太阳能板 ) put onto the back of a jacket costs __________ US$15. It could __________ a cellphone during a summer walk.A.at most; workB.at least; controlC.at least; fuelD.at most; charge10.Our teacher __________ us to practise our spoken English as often as possible.A.hopesB.suggestsC.advisesD.lets11.Wood is often _________ paper.ed to be madeed making12.—It ’ s a warm day, isn —’ Yes, t it? it ’ s __________ cold. I just wear a jacket.A.not a bitB.a bitC.a littleD. not a little13.The speech is strongly impressed ________ my memory.A.toB.overC.byD.on14.You __________ put your computer in your bedroom.A.don ’ t needB.had not betterC.had better notD.ought not15.He came into the classroom_________.A.very upsetB.being upsetC.to upsetD.to be upset16.The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A.is increasingB.has increasedC.are increasedD. have increased17.The boy bought a new dictionary__________ he turned for help.A.from whichB. into whichC. whichD. to which18.__________ twenty-fifth of December is __________Christmas Day.C.The; aD.A; the19.— How are you today? —Oh, I __________ as ill as I do now for a long time.A.didn ’ t feelB.didn ’ t feelC. wasn’ t feelingD.don ’ t feel20.The two main popular__________ of Easter are the Easter bunny and the Easter egg.A.signsB. symbolsC. marksD.signals第1卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： A2.参考答案： C3.参考答案： B4.参考答案： C5.参考答案： D7.参考答案： C8.参考答案： D9.参考答案： A10.参考答案： B11.参考答案： A12.参考答案： B13.参考答案： C14.参考答案： C15.参考答案： C16.参考答案： D17.参考答案： B18.参考答案： A20.参考答案： D第2卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： D2.参考答案： C3.参考答案： B4.参考答案： A5.参考答案： B6.参考答案： A7.参考答案： B8.参考答案： B10.参考答案： C11.参考答案： B12.参考答案： A13.参考答案： D14.参考答案： C15.参考答案： A16.参考答案： B17.参考答案： D18.参考答案： A19.参考答案： B20.参考答案： B。