同等学力模拟题 2

同等学力申硕《公共管理学科综合水平考试》模拟试题及详解（二）第一部分公共基础部分（共30分，每位考生必答）一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分）1．传统公共行政理论是建立在科层制理论和（）的基础上的。

A．立法—司法二分法B．立法—行政二分法C．法律—行政二分法D．政治—行政二分法【答案】D【解析】公共行政时期又称传统的公共管理时期，历时约90年。

从总体上来看，它是建立在政治与行政两分法和韦伯的官僚制理论这两大基本框架之下的。

2．在下列诸学术观点中，不属于新公共管理学派观点的是（）。

A．强调回应力和政治敏感性B．将企业管理理念引入政府内部C．关注效率D．通过强化层级节制体系提高效率【答案】D【解析】新公共管理不同于传统的公共行政以威尔逊、古德诺的政治—行政二分论和韦伯的科层制论为理论基础，它以现代经济学和私营企业管理理论和方法作为自己的理论基础，以“效率”为核心，主张广泛采用私营部门成功的管理方法和竞争机制，重视产出，强调回应力和政治敏感性，倡导在人员录用、任期、工资及其他人事行政环节上进行改革，实行更加灵活、富有成效的管理。

3．就管理幅度与管理层次之间的关系而言，现代行政组织的结构趋向于（）。

A．尖高化B．分散化C．扁平化D．层级化【答案】C【解析】西方许多企业和政府组织结构形式已经开始向扁平化方向发展。

组织结构扁平化，就是通过减少行政管理层次，裁减冗余人员，从而建立一种紧凑、干练的扁平化组织结构。

如政府通过权力下放、租赁承包等方式将一部分职能移交给社会以达到缩减政府管理层次，提高公共行政效率的目的。

扁平化结构具有自身的优势：①行政幅度增宽，行政层次减少，组织成员积极性提高；②组织内信息畅通；③管理成本降低，工作效率大大提高。

但扁平化组织结构也可能造成权力分散，行政控制减弱的弊端。

这是20世纪80年代以来行政组织结构改革的新特征。

4．（）提出了目标管理的概念和方法。

A．德鲁克B．赫茨伯格C．马斯洛D．林德布洛姆【答案】A【解析】美国管理大师彼得·德鲁克于1954年在其名著《管理实践》中最先提出了“目标管理”的概念，其后他又提出“目标管理和自我控制”的主张。

模考：同等学力申硕英语模拟附答案(二)试卷一Paper One(90 minutes)Part I Dialogue Communication(10 minutes，10 points，1 for each)Section ADialogue CompletionDirections：In this section，you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers，each followed by 4 choices A，B，C and D．Choose the best answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET．1．A：Could you install this equipment for me?B：A．Come on．don’t you SCC I’m busy now?B．Unless you can help mc with my computerC．It’S very heavy．It’11 be ok ifyou can find anotherhandD．Ifl were you．1 would do it myself2．A：Martin．congratulations on your winning such a great awardB：A．Oh，do you really think so?B．All the honor should go to my colleaguesC．You know，I have stayed up very late recentlyD．I have great confidence to win this time3．A．Do you know what happen to Jack?B：I don’t care what happen to himB：A．I know you feel ill ofhim，but he failed in the driving test againB．I know you arc fed up with him，but he is still fineC．Oh，you shouldn’t look up to himD．I know you feel sick of hearing his noxnc，but he was seriously injured in the car accident4．A．The phone bill was$1 60 this month．Someone must have made several international calls without keeping mc informedB：A．Wow．I don’t know you are such a stingy personB．You mean I did it when you were absent?C．I’m sorry．Mrs．Jones．I forgot to tell you that I called my girlfriend in Italy a couple of times．D．It’S none of my business．But I guess it’S Ted who did it，because he has a girlfriend inFrance．5．A：What do you think I should dress for the reception?B：A．Oh，just come asyou oreB．Do you really need to dress up yourselfC．Really?You will join the reception?D．Coat and tie．I’m sureSection BDialogue ComprehensionDirections：In this section，you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman．At the end of conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the best answer to the question by marking the corresponding letter with a single box across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET．6．M：Mary．I bought an old vase for$10．but it turned out to be 500 years oldW：You’ve gotta be kidding．It must be imitationQ：What does the woman mean?A．The man is cracking ajoke on herB．It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for SO little moneyC．The man is out of his mind about the old vaseD．The man is run into a great fortune7．W：Hey．Frank．you look upset．Is it the problem with the project?M：Yeah．I can’t come up with the solutionQ：What’S wrong with the man?A．He con’t find a good idea about the problemB．He feels hopeless about the projectC．He has encountered another problemD．He is going to give up the project8．M：Call you come over for dinner tonight?W：I’m up to my ears in works．SO I’11 have to take a rain checkQ：What does the woman mean?A．She wants to check the weather before decidingB．She has a problem with her hearingC．She’d enjoy coming to dinner another timeD．She want the man to help her with some work9．M：I've got a C on the biology test．So I have to talk to the Professor to change itW：That will give you nowhere．The only thing you con do is to do it better next timeQ：What does the woman mean?A．It’S useless to talk to the professorB．The professor is often unfairC．The man has done well enoughD．Theman call’t bebetter next time10．M：I Call’tputup with Josefatthe meeting．Itwas an insultto meW：But you should be outspoken about thisQ：What is the woman’S suggestion?A．The man should not say things like thatB．The man should fight backC．The moll should show his anger openlyD．The man should not complain openlyPart II Vocabulary(10 minutes，10 points，0．5 for each)Section ADirections：In this section there are Choose the one from the meaning of the sentence SHEET with a single line are ten sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined．four choices marked A，B，C and D that best keeps the．Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER through the center1 1．Consumer groups protesting againist prices in this city nowA．clothing B．clinging to C．complaining about D．clutching with12．They have announced that two failing firms have eventually emerged?A．Governed B．greeted C．committed D．combined13．Two Substitutes were used the during the basketball gamesA．players B．centers C．referees D．replacements1 4．His plans should succeed without too much trouble，for it seems feasibleA．complete B．decisive C．daring D．possible1 5．Judgment was suspended till the following Monday because of the lack of the evidenceA．changed B．discussed C．postpone D．informed16．The object for each other in the game of chess is to trap the other player’S king into a positionfrom which escape is impossibleA．skill B．aim C．interest D．Difficulty1 7．the colors red，blue and yellow canbe．Mixed human eye con distinguishA．soaked B．ranked C．blended D．purchased18．Annie’Sjob as an assistant at the university observatory was to classify stars according to their spectra．A．10cate B．photograph C．draw D．categorize19．During the United States civil Nor，many people in the south were forced to flee their home.A．retum to B．pay taxes on C．run away from D．rebuild20. It is reported that the policemen are pursuing the bank robbers in the country.A．appealing to B．chasing C．applying to D．claiming forSection BDirections：In this section，there are 10 incomplete sentences．For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Then mark the corresponding le~er on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．21．Oil is an important material which can be processed into molly different products，including plasticsA．raw B．bleak C．flexible D ．fertile22．The high living standards of the US cause its present population to 25 percent of the world’S oil．A．assume B．consume C ．resume D ．presume23．You shouldn’t be so I didn’t mean anything bad in what I saidA ．sentimentalB ．sensibleC ．sensitiveD ．sophisticated24.Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the of art for later genrations.A．philosophy B．concept C ．viewpoint D ．theme25．Member states had the option to——from this agreement with one year’S notice.A．deny B ．object C ．suspect D ．withdraw26．The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations，traditionally a source of irritation.A ．mutualB ．optional C．neutral D．parallel27．Williams had not been there during the moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A ．superior B．rigorous C．vital D．unique28．Travel around Japan today，and one sees foreign residents a wide Of jobs .A ．rangeB ．field C．scale D．area29．Modem manufacturing has a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products．A．translated B ．transformed C．transferred D．transported30. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is only by flood．A．Exceeded B．excelled C ．excluded D．extendedPart Ill Reading Comprehension(55 minutes，30 points，1 for each)Directions：There are five passages in this part．Eachpassage is followed by five qustions or onunfinished staments.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEETwith a single line through the center．Passage OneThe lives of very few Newark residents ore untouched by violence：New Jersey’s biggest city has seen it a11．Yet the murder of three young people，who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4m，has shaken the city．A fourth，who urvived，was stabbed and shot in the face．The four victims were by all accounts good kids，all enrolled in college，all with a future．But the cruel murder，it seems，has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough．Grassroots organizations，like Stop Shooting，have been flooded with offers of help and support since the killings．Yusef Ismail，its co-founder，says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence．They hope to get 50，000 to promise to“stop shooting，start thinking，and keep living．”The Newark Community Foundation，which was launched last month，announced on August 1 4m that it will help Pay for Community Eye，a surveillance(监视)system tailored towards gun crime．Cory Booker who became mayor 1 3 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city，believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in amy American city．More than 3 0 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 5 0 will be installed soon in a seven-square mile area where 80％of the city’s recent shootings have occurred．And more cameras are planned．When a gunshot is detected．the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot．Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings．Mr．Booker plans to adlnounce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week．Mr．Booker，as well as church leaders and others，believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness．For generations．Newark has been paralyzed by poverty--almost one in three people lives below the poverty line…-and growing indifference to crime．Some are skeptical．Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems：over 60％of children are in homes without fathers．The school system,taken over by the state in 1995，is a mess．But there is also some cause for hope．Since Mr．Booker was elected．there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development．Only around 7％of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark；now．a year．the figure is 30％．Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime．So far this year，crime has fallen 11％and shootings are down 30％( through the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high) .31．What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th?A . The Newark residents witnessed a murder．B．Four young people were killed in a school playgroundC．The new mayor ofNewark took officeD．Four college students fell victim to violence32．Judging from the context，the“Community Eye”(Line5，Para 2)isA．a watching system for gun crimeB．a neighborhood protection organizationC．an unprofitable community businessD．a grassroots organization33．We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPTA．violenceC．povertyB．floodD．indifference34．It can be inferred from the passage that the church leadersA．detect a gunshotB．believe the city will deal with the crimeC．grow indifference to crimeD．are skeptical35．Mayor Booker’S effort against crime seem to beA．idealisticC．effectiveB．impracticalD．fruitless36．The best title forthe passage may beA．Stop Shooting，Start Thinking，and KeepB．Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC．A Mission to Revitalize the CityD．Violent Murders in NewarkPassage TwoAccording to a recent survey on money and relationships，3 6 percent of people are keeping bank account from their partner．While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in relationship，in truth it may just be aform of financial protection .With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce，men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy regardless of whether t11eY are in a relationshipThe financial hardship on individuals after a divorce Call be extremely difficult，even more so when children are involved．The lack of permanency in relationships，jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner；in other words，an’’escape fund”．Margaret’s story is far from unique．She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings .Every month on pay day，she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband．She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incerdible $1 00，000 on top of her pension .Margaret says if her husband found out about her secretsavings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage．’’He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong．I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is，but you can never be sure．’’Like many of her fellow secret savers，Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money .Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad．Take example，who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner．’’decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own．1 wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day．’’“When John found out about my secret savings，he was a little suspicious of my motives．I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship．I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future．It’s sensible to build and protect your personalfinancial security．’’37．The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because .A．escape fund helps one through rainy daysB．days are getting harder and harderC．women are money sensitiveD．financial conflicts often occur3 8．The word：．saIiw”(Line2：Para 2)probably means .A．suspiciousC．shrewdB．secureD．simple39．What would Margaret’s husband probably do if he found out about her secret savings?A．breaks up with herB．builds anest eggforherC．interprets this as a divorcing signalD．escapes the wrong place40．Which inference coil we make about Margaret? A．She is a unique womanC．She is going to retireB．She was once divorcedD．She has many children41．The author mentions Colleen’s example to show A．any couple can avoid marriage conflicts B．privacy within marriage should be respected C．everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriage D．financial disclosure is not necessarily bad 42．Which of the following best summary this passage? A．Secret SaversC．Banking HonestyB. Love I Wat it’s WorthD．Once Bitten，Twice Shy“The word‘protection’is no longer taboo(禁忌语)”．This short sentence，uttered by French resident Nicolas Sarkozy last month，may have launched a new era in economic history．Why? or decades，Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural ood．Doing so，they reasoned，would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity，which in turn would improve human welfare．Championing free trade thus became a moral，not just an economic，cause．These leaders，of course，weren’t acting out of unselfishness．They knew their economies were the most competitive，so they’d profit most from liberalization．And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity．Today，however，the tables have turned…though few acknowledge it．The West continues to preach free trade，but practices it less and less．Asian，meanwhile，continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade .That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important：he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates．The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade，though few leaders admit it．Some economists are more honest．Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning．In the short run，there will be winners and losers under free trade．This，of course，is what capitalism is all about．But more and more of these losers will be in the West，Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter，who said that‘creative destruction”was an essential part of capitalist growth．But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there．When Western workers began losing jobs，suddenly their leaders began to lose faitll in their principles，Things have yet to reverse completely．But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice .A little hypocrisy(虚伪)is not in itself a serious problem．The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization．Lock at what’s happening at the IMF(International Monetary Fund)The Europeans have demanded that t11eY keep the post of managing director．But all too often，Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions .The time has therefore come for the Asians-who ore clearly the new winners in today’S global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade：Sadly，they have yet to do SO．Unless Asians speak out，however，there’S a real danger that Adam Smith’S principles，which have brought SO much good to the world，could gradually die．And that would leave all of US，worse off,in one way or another .43．It can be inferred that“protection”(Line 1，Para．1)meansA improving economic efficiencyB．ending the free-trade practiceC．10wering moral standardD．raisingtradetariffs44．The Western leaders preach free trade becauseA．it is beneficial to their economiesB．it is supported by developing countriesC．it makes them keep faith in their principlesD．it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam45．By“the tables have turned”(Line 3-4，Para．2)theA．the Western leaders have turned self-centered Smith author implies thatB．the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC．the developed economies have turned less competitiveD．the developing economies have become more independent46．The Western economies used to like the idea of “creative destruction’’because itA．set a long-term rather than short-turn goalB．was an essential part of capitalist developmentC．contained a positive rather than negative mentalityD．was meant to be the destruction of developing economies47．The author uses“IMF’’was an example to illustrate the point thatA．European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB．there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC．global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD．European countries’interests are being ignored by economic leaders48．Which of the following is true about Asians?A．Asians have to speak out the protectionB．Asians have demand that they keep the post of managersC．Asians succeed in today’S global economyD．Asians succeed by Adam Smith’S principlesNames have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education．As colleges strive for market share，they are looking for names that proj ect the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make．Trenton．State College，for example，became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to studentsfrom throughout the state．“All I hear in higher education is，‘Brand，brand，brand’said Tim Westerbeck，who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne，a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations．“There has been a sea change over the last l 0 years．Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education．”Not all efforts at name changes are successful，of course．In 1997，the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges，offering a list of maj ors that includes psychology，music，urban studies and management．But New Yorkers continued to call it the New Sch001．Now，after spending arl undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s creation of“haming structures．’’“brand architecture’’and“identity systems．’’the university hascome up with a new name：the New Sch001．Beginning Monday，it will adopt new logon(标识)，banners，business cards and even new names for the individual colleges，all to include the words“the New Sch001．’’Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived．In altering its name from Cal State．Hayward，to Cal State，East Bay，the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco．The University of Southern Colorado，a state institution，became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago，hoping to highlight many internal changes，including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards．Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons：to break the connection with its past asa women’s college，to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完全成熟旳)university and officials acknowledged，to eliminate some jokes about the college’s old name on late-night television and‘'morning ZOO”radio shows．Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results．At Arcadia，in addition to the rise in applications，the average students’test score has increased by 60points，Juli Roebeck，arl Arcadia spokeswoman said．49．which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?A ．They prefer higher education competitionB ．They try to gain advantage in market shareC ．They want to proj ect their imageD ．They hope to make some changes50．It is implied that one ofthe most significant changes in highter education in the past decade isA．the brand．B ．the college namesC ．the concept of marketingD．list ofmajors．5 1．What happened to New School for Social Research?A．It is renamed by New YorkersB．It Offers a list ofbooksC．It contains management and MBA courseD．Its new name is not Successful52．The phrase”come up with”(Line 3 Para 4)probably meansA．catchupwithB．dealwithC．putforwardD．come to the realization53 The case of name changing from Cal State Hayward to Cal State indicates that the universityA ．is perceived by the societyB．hopes to expand its influenceC．prefers to reform its reaching programsD．expects to enlarge its campus54．According to the spokeswoman the name change of Beaver CollegeA ．turns out very successfulB．fails to attain its goalC．has eliminated some jokesD．has trlsformed its statusIt looked just like another aircraft from the outside The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964．But appearances were deceptive and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their livesInside the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel．Heavily padded(填塞) from floor to ceiling it looked a bit strange．There were almost no windows，but lights along the padded walls illuminated it．Most of the seats had been taken out apart from a few at the back where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear .For 12 months，science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency．the challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions .For the next two hours the flight resembled that of an enornlous bird which had lose its reason，shooting upwardstowards the heavens before rushing towards Earth．The invention was to Achieve weightlessness for a few seconds .The aircraft took off smoothly enough．But any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45 degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds．Then the engines cut out and we became weightless．Everything become confused and left or right．Up or down no longer had any meaning．after ten seconds of flee fall descent the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive．The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss．but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bumpEach time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless．A new team conduct it experience．First it was the Dutch who wanted to discover how it is that cats always land on their feet．then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if could be used for building a further space station．the Americans had 3．11 idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellitesAfter two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments，the predominate feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness．Most of the students thought it was unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat .55．what did the writer say about the plane?A ．Ithadno seats．B．It was painted whiteC．It had no windowsD．The outside was misleading．5 6．according to the writer，how did the young scientists feel before the flight?A．sickB．keenC．nervousD．impatient57．According to the passage，what can be concluded about European Space Agency?A．It produces air-planesB．It sends invitationsC．It trains students from across the continentsD．It conducts imaginative experiments58．what did the pilot do with the plane after it took off?A．He quickly climbed and then stopped the enginesB．He climbed and them made the plane fall slowly．C．He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 secondsD．He climbed and then made the plane turn over59．Acoording to the passage，the purpose ofbeing weightless was toA．see what conditions bare like in spaceB．prepare the youngC．show thejudges of the competition what they could doD ．make the teams try out their ideas60．this passage was written toA．encourage young people to take up scienceB．describe the process of a scientific competitionC．show scientists what young people can doD．report on a new scientific techniquePart IV Cloze(15 minutes，15 points，1 for each)Directions：In this part，there is a passage with 15 blanks．For each blank there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center .Most people who travel long distances complain ofjetlag(喷气飞行时差反应)．Jetlag makes business travelers less productive andmore prone 6l making mistakes．It is actually caused by disruption of your‘'body clock”a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 62 ．The body clock is de-signed for a一63一rhythm of daylight and darkness，so that it is thrown out of balance when it experiences daylight and darkness at the‘'wrong”times in a new time zone．The 64 ofjetlag often persist for days 65 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone．Now a new a_nti-jetlag system is 66 that is based on proven extensive pioneering scientitic research Dr．Martin Moore-Ede has devised a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 67 controlled exposure to bright light．The time zone shift is easy toaccomplish and eliminates 68 of the discomfort ofjetlag．A succesful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 69 or avoid bright light．Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse．The proper schedule 70 light exposure depends a great deal 011 7l travel plans．Data on a specific flight itinerary(旅行路线)and the individual’s sleep 72 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 73 ．on exactly when to be exposed to bright light．。

同等学历人员申请硕士学位英语水平模拟试题二Part I Listening Comprehension略Part II Vocabulary16. It is wrong to ________ a person of a crime unless you haveproof that he is guilty.A. blameB. accuseC. chargeD. warn17. The father is ________ by his boy's conduct.A. hurtedB. achedC. harmedD. pained18. We must cherish experience ________ at the cost of blood.A. achievedB. realizedC. acquiredD. required19. The secretary went through the typescript carefully to________ all errors from it.A. abandonB. eliminateC. dischargeD. withdraw20. The president ________ himself sincerely in his address tothe graduating class of the university.A. showedB. expressedC. displayedD. revealed21. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was tothe others, ________of course, made the others jealous.A. thatB. whoC. whatD. which22. It wasn't such a good dinner ________ she had promised us.A. whatB. whichC. asD. that23. We were Happy to have a very ________ winter.A. plainB. softC. mildD. calm24. Attendances at football matches have ________ since thecoming of television .A. dropped inB. dropped offC. dropped outD. dropped down25. If yon stick ________ the piano every day, you could becomequite a good musician.A. after practisingB. under practisingC. to practisingD. to practise26. I like to have my reference books ________my reach.A. insideB. with inC. underD. beyond27. The police, catching the criminal ________ his guard,arrested him as he was drinking in a public house.A. offB. fromC. onD. up28. The Minister of Justice has ________ an immense amount ofcorrespondence before breakfast.A. got overB. got behindC. got roundD. got through29. If the young man had ________ the dog alone, it wouldn'thave bitten him .A. leftB. putC. setD. got30. Difficulties and hardships have _________ the best qualitiesof the young geologist.A. brought upB. brought outC. brought aboutD. brought forth31. The description of the scene was so (pathetic) that I wept allthrough it.A. vividB. affectingC. suspensiveD. comical32.His pleasant ways (beguiled) me into thinking that he waskind at heart.A. deprivedB. despisedC. divertedD. deceived33. He (derided) the idea that poverty could be eliminated simplyby handing out money to the poor.A. ridiculedB. advocatedC. challengedD. rejected34. half of the class (volunteered)to help decorate the gym forthe dance.A. promisedB. offeredC. tendedD. determined35. It was said that Tom's brother was under (indictment) formurder.A. suspicionB. attackC. tyrannyD. accusationPart III Reading ComprehensionPassage IAlthough the term "global warming" has become increasingly familiar to the general public, a recent survey carried out by the Chinchilla institute for Environmental Studies clearly demonstrates that the full implications of the term are far From under-stood. As long as pubis awareness remains so low, the political measures required to deal will the potentially disastrous consequences are unlikely to come about.Over 80 percent of the people interviewed in the Chinchilla Survey were unable to indicate any of the effects of a worldwide rise in temperature. Even more disturbing was the very small proportion of people interviewed (7. 4 percent) who felt that their lives would be directly affected by global warming during the next20) years.This indifference is in sharp contrast to be concerns voiced by the team of professionals who conducted the Survey. Team leader Professor Ernest Wong stated that we should expect to experience significant lifestyle changes as a result of the effects of global warming. In detailing the likely effects, Professor Wong emphasised that the climatic changes caused by rise in global temperature of only 1C would result in enormous changes.Primary among these changes would be the rise in sea level as a result of the melting of the polar icecaps. The consequent30-cencimetrerise in sea levels would have disastrous consequences for lowlying coastal areas. The very existence of countries such as Bangladesh would be threatened. Indeed, few coastal cities would entirely escape sever flooding and damageAlthough considerable debate surrounds the accuracy of Professor wrong's predictions those who share his pessimistic prediction insist that governments must respond to this challengeby investing in coastal defence.Even inland areas will not be able to avoid the consequences of global warming. Changes in the rainfall pattern are likely to result flooding and dsertification, both of which will influenceagriculture throughout the world.In a recent interview, Professor Wong illustrated these points with dramatic effect. Chinchilla itself, a medium-sized provincial city at the centre of one of the country's major ricegrowing areas, would, he claimed, be profoundly affected. Although, given its height and inland location, the city would not suffer front coastal flooding, the possible reduction in the rainfall would endanger theregion's economy.In concluding his interview, Professor Wong left his audience in no doubt about the urgency of the problem. "Unless we plan for the future, we will not see the necessary mobilisation of forces at local, regional, national, and international level that are essentialto face this issue, the issue of the 21st century."36. Who is well aware of the consequences of global warming?A. The government.B. The public.C. The experts.D. Both A and C37. Professor Wong called for _______.A. awareness at all levels to effectively face global warmingB. people's efforts to stop global warmingC. dams being built along the coastsD. people's changing their lifestyle right away38. It seems that _______ will not suffer as a result of globalwarming.A. coastal citiesB. inland places.C. no placesD. island countries39. The best title for this passage would be.A. Global Warming, an issue Worth Serious ConsiderationB. Global Warming and FloodingC. Global Warming and AgricultureD. Global Warming and its Effect on EconomyPassage 2Researchers have recently found a connection between diseases and stressful situations. To test this theory, psychologists are trying to find a link between the brain and the immune system.The immune system in our bodies fights the bacteria and viruses which cause disease. Therefore, whether or not we are likely to get various diseases depends on how well our immune systemworks. Biologists used to think that the immune system was a separate, independent part of our bodies. Recently, however, they have found that our brain can affect our immune system. This discovery indicates that there may be a connection between emotional factors, such as stress or depression, and illness.Although many doctors in the past suspected a connection between emotional factor and disease, they had no proof. Scientists have only recently discovered how the brain and the immune system function. Before this, no one could see a link between them. As a result, medical science never seriously considered the idea that psychological factors could causedisease.Several recent studies showed a connection between stress and illness. For example, researchers went to an American military school to study the students. They found that the sick students there had a lot of academic pressure and wanted to achieve, but they were not very good students, in a similar study, researchers studied a group of student nurses and found that the nurses who developed cold sores were the ones who described themselves asgeneral)y unhappy people.In addition to these results, which support their theory, researchers are also looking for proof that stress can damage the immune system. Researchers studied recently bereaved people, i.e. people whose loved ones have just died, because they are more likely to become ill or die. By examining the immune system of discovery, they examined some white blood cells which are an important part of the immune system. They were not functioning properly The fact that they were not working correctly indicates that severe psychological stress, such as a loved one's death, may damage an important part of our immune system.There is still no positive proof of a connection between the immune system and psychological factors. Researchers also say that the results of the studies on bereaved people could have a different explanation. For example, bereaved people often sleep and eat less than normal, or may drink alcohol or take medication. These factors can also affect the immune system. More research is needed co clearly establish the connection between the immune system and psychological factors.40. The study on the military school students indicated that_______.A. life in the school was very stressfulB. disease could be caused by psychological factorsC. the good students were likely to f311 illD. stress often made students unhappy41. The immune system _______.A. used to be unconnected with the brainB. causes a lot of stress to peopleC. can be affected by emotional factorsD. functions independently42. In the past, many doctors _______.A. never thought of any possible link between stress and illnessB. hardly considered emotional factors when dealing with apatientC. discovered that the brain and the immune system functionedindependentlyD. found that diseases were caused by psychological factors43. The study of recently bereaved people shows that _______.A. stress is directly linked with illnessB. bereaved people should control their motions properlyC. white blood cells are an important part of the immune systemD. damage can be done to the immune system by too muchstress44. Which of the following is NOT true according co the passage?A. Unhappiness may cause disease.B. Drinking alcohol may cause damage to the immune system.C. Too much sorrow is harmful to the immune system.D. Psychological stress leads naturally to the damage of theimmune system.Passage 3Some years ago, the theory was popular that after the age of about 40. the average researcher began losing his creativity. The chance of his making a major discovery was believed to drop off sharply. Hence, there really wasn't much point in encouraging aman of 45 or 50 to do research .In recent years, however, this theory has fallen into wide disrepute. Companies find that many researchers continue to be highly productive throughout their careers. There is every reason to allow these men to continue their pioneering work.May men can be of greatest service to a company by staying round. in the laboratory. A single outstanding discovery may have a far greater impact on the company's profit picture five years hence chan the activities of even the most capable administrator. It is simply, good sense-and good economics-to allow qualified researchers to continue their work. Granting these menmaximum freedom to explore their scientific ideas is alsoevidently good sense.Companies are also convinced that the traditional standards in establishing salaries are not completely valid. In former years, the amount of a man's salary was determined primarily by the size of his annual budget On this basis, the researcher-however brilliant-who had perhaps one assistant and never spent much money made an extremely poor showing. Companies now realize that the two very important criteria that must also be considered are a man's actual contributions to the company and his creativepotential .In today's era of scientific manpower shortage, companies have more reason than ever to encourage scientists to do the work forwhich they are most qualified. They also have greater reason than ever to pro-vide within the laboratory the environment in which the creative processes of research can be carried out mosteffectively.45. Some years ago, a company would employ a researcher_______.A. who was creativeB. who was under the age of 45 or 50C. who began to be creative after the ago 45 or 50D. both A and B46. According to the author, a productive researcher _______.A. is more valuable chan the most capable administratorB. is as good as the most capable adminstr3torC. should be paid n20re as he becomes olderD. will become less creative when he gets older47.A company now pays a researcher according to ________.A. his creative potentialB. his contributions to the companyC. how many inventions he madeD. both A and B48. formerly, the size of a researcher's salary was mainlydetermined by _______.A. how creative he wasB. how much he spent annuallyC. how long lie stayed in the company.D. how many assistants he had49. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage_______.A. There are more researchers now so that companies canchoose the most creative.B. A researcher has more assistants than a researcher did someyears ago .C. There are fewer researchers now, so companies should valuethe most qualified all the more.D. Most researchers will lose their creative power after leavingtheir laboratories.Passage 4The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth's resources hasbrought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution. more its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the breakup of the family, and the pollution not only of local air, but also of the earth's atmosphere. The disaster has arrived inthe form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children ,and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vastenough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a war in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devotethemselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the otherinhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course, and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of the nature of the crisis confronting us, and the world, a crisis that is no passing in-convenience, no by-product of the ambitions of theoil-producing countries, no environmentalists' mere fears, no byproduct of any present system of government. What we faces is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed lifestyle. This new life style can now directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on an sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of lifefor the world's children and future generation.50. Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyedour cities?A. Lack of financial planning.B. The breakup of the family.C. Natural disasters in many regions.D. The excessive growth of motor transportation.51. According to the author ,what is one example of out loss ofmorality ?A. Disregard for law .B. Lack of devotionC. Lack of cooperation.D. Exploitation of resources .52. By comparing past problems with present ones ,the authordraws attention to the _________.A. significance of this crisisB. inadequacy of governmentsC. similarity of the past to the presentD. hopelessness of the situation53. What contribution does the author feel people must nowmake?A. Search for new energy sources.B. Outlaw motor transportation.C. Accept a new lifestyle.D. Adopt a new form of government.Passage 5Stopping personal and institutional racism will benefit racial minorities and the white majority. Racism and its consequencesultimately harm everyone.Attacks against racism must take place on two levels. First, racist ideas must be attacked as incorrect. Ideas implying the inferiority of nonwhites, no matter how subtly they are stated, areinevitably used to just correct attitude towards minorities.Second, attacks must also be made on practices that-whether intended to do so or not-contribute to the subordinate status of nonwhites . This means fighting discrimination and exploitation wherever they appear and calling for positive institutional practices that will up-grade and provide opportunities for minority group members. Movements to end school and housing segregation and co put an end to discrimination in employment must once again become as important as the1960s civil rights movement. More people must join or create collective effortsagainst racism.We must not lost sight of the fact that many of the problems facing minority group members are matters affecting tens of millions of white people as well. Poverty, substandard schooling, unemployment, and poor housing are not only or even primarily minority problems. By calling for social changes, such as a reduction in economic inequality and the expansion of free or low-cost services, the difficult situation of many whites as well as minorities cam be measurably improved. At present, improvement in the economic and political position of minorities is often seen as a threat to whites. The assumption is that whites will suffer losses if nonwhites make gains in employment, education, and politics. This will continue to be a problem so tong as we believe that competition for existing resources and opportunities is part of the "natural order" . We need to begin ignoring the color line, so that all people with common wants and needs can develop strategies for change through which all can gain. The only losers should be those whose power and privilege depend on maintaining racial segregation.54. In order to stop racism _________ will be necessary.A. changes in people's ideasB. actions taken by the whitesC. collective efforts from different sidesD. All of the above55 . The author points out that changing the situation _________.A. demands greater efforts from the nonwhitesB. demands greater efforts from various institutionsC. will also benefit many white peopleD. will not affect the whites in any way56. The people with racist ideas regard more equality betweendifferent races as _________.A. fearfulB. unpracticalC. unfairD. unnecessary57. The word "segregation" ( Paragraphs 3 and 4) most probablymeans______A. povertyB. separationC. inequalityD. actionPassage 6In January 1985, when the Siena city council passed Regulation 375, a by-law which does not permit the use of private motor vehicles from the historic centre of this beautiful Tascan city, public opinion was extremely divided .The new by-law was greeted enthusiastically by a number of interest groups. Environmentalists, worried about the polluting effects of cars ; lovers of the city's medieval and Renaissance architecture, angered by the constant damage done to thepriceless monuments of the centre; and ordinary people, tired of the noise and danger caused by cars andmotorL7ikes dashing through the narrow lanes, all rejoiced.Not everyone was so happy, however. Shopkeepers were convinced that their trade would suffer. Fewer people would come into the centre, they believed, if they had to rely on public transport. They argued that deliveries would be more difficult and that the city would lose its character and become a museumwithout a heart.In response to the shopkeepers' concerns, The Siena Chamber of Commerce organized a protest demonstration. The local newspaper( part-owned by a large department store in the centre of the city)carried articles criticizing the decision while some people wrote to the city council, asking it to change its decision. Candidates standing for the elections to the city council which were to be held in December 1985 focused on a single issue: to change or maintain Regulation 375 .The elections were won by the Social Democrats, a party which had run Its election campaign largely on the issue of themaintenance of the new by-law. The law stayed in force and the use of the motor car and motor-bike was not to return to the citycentre.A survey carried out in 1987 showed that traders' earnings in the historic centre of Siena had increased by 15 percent in real terms since the new law had come into force. The local paper, which had been so hostile to Regulation 375, now proudly boasts that the centre of Siena has the safest, cleanest and quietest streets in Italy. Why, they asked in a recent newspaper article, don't the backward citizens of Rome and Florence pass the sameenlightened laws?58 . The ordinary people supported the law because ______.A. the air would be cleanB. they would be saferC. they liked thc beauty of the old architectureD. they would like to shop elsewhere59. Regulation 375 _________.A. affected the shopkeeper's businesses badlyB. was suspended at lastC. happened to have a favorable effect on the businessesD. came into Force finally in 198760. The local newspaper __________.A. felt proud that its resist3nce was successfulB. was glad to see the failure of the lawC. began, in its turn, to criticize other cities for not making similarlawsD. began to criticize the former opponents of the law61 . By saying that the city would "become a museum without aheart" ( Paragraph 3) thee opponents really meant that________A. businesses would lose a lot of moneyB. transport would not come to the city centreC. the city centre would be desertedD. the city centre would lose its life forcePassage 7The Yucatan Peninsula is the land of the Mayan Indians. This civilization invented writing chat is still unknown. They developed the arithmetic concept of zero years before Europe acquired it from the Orient, and they knew the accurate length of a year.Their earliest cities were carved from the rain forests of Guatemala. Scholars are still puzzled over the circumstances that led the Mayans to abandon cities and buildings throughout the centuries. The last great cities, built between 900 and 1200 A.D.were in northern Yucatan near Merida.The great Mayan civilization came to an end at Chichen -Itza, which is just seventy-five miles from Merida. Chichen-Itza was founded about 435 A. D. and abandoned several times before the Toltecs conquered it in the 10th century. An interesting Mayan structure is the Temple of the .Tiger. Nearby is a ball court, used for a game resembling soccer. To lose was fatal: the losing captain was beheaded anti his wife was taken as secondary wife by the victor. There are also astronomical observatory called Temple of the Warriors and the sacred wall, where cross-eyed girls were tossed as a sacrifice to the rain god.62. The great Mayan civilization finished _________.A. in the OrientB. in MeridaC. in the forests of GuatemalaD. at Chichen-Icza63. The fate of many Mayan women who were cross-eyed Wasthat __________.A. they were buried aliveB. their heads were cut offC. they were used as human sacrificesD. they were given as prizes in atheletic competition64. The last great cities of the Mayans were built _______.A. between 200 and 600 A. D.B. between 900 and 1200 A. D.C. between 435 and 800 A.D.D. between 1300 and 1800 A. D.65. Which of the following accomplishments is not credited to theMayans?A. The development of the concept of zero.B. A system of writing that is still undecoded.C. The ability of tracing the movement of the sun and the planets.D. The knowledge of the length of a year.Part IV Cloze TestThe world is very different now. For man holds in his (66) hands the power to abolish all forms of firms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs (67)which our forebears fought are still (68) issue around the globe -----the (69)the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God .We dare not forget today that we are the (70)of that first revolution. Let the word go (71)from this time and place, tofriend and foe(72), that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans-born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage-and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights (73) which this nation has always beencommitted .Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill that we shall pay any price, (74)any burden, meet any hardship, support an friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and thesuccess of liberty.To chose old 311ies (75)cultural and spiritual origins we share. we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is (76)we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. (77)there is little we can do-for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds andsplit (78) .To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be (79)by a far greater iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting their ownfreedom and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly, sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended (80)inside.To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we Pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for (81)period is required not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right.Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to (82)aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this oppose hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge---to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free man and free governments in casting (83)the chains of poverty.To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have (84)outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of。

Section A Dialogue Completion Direction: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1. A: Have you had the brakes and tires checked? And do you have enough money? B: __________ A. No. I’m going to buy some brakes and tires. B. I’ve taken care of everything and I’m sure it’s going to be a wonderful trip. C. I’ll buy some traveler’s checks for my trip. D. I have finished the brakes and tires and I have no problem with money. 2. A: How did your interview go? B: __________ A. Well, I couldn’t agree with you more. B. I couldn’t feel any better about it. The questions were very fair and I seemed to find answers for all of them. C. Every coin has two sides. I’m not quite sure. D. As luck would have it, I got the job. 3. A: Take a seat, Mr. Brown. Could you tell me which position you think most appeals to you? B: __________ A. Well, I’m easy-going and have many personal interests. B. I’m strong-willed and determined. C. I prefer to take the post of sales manager if you think I’m qualified. D. I don’t quite care whatever is offered to me. 4. A: Billy, have you heard the latest news? It appears that we won’t be laid off after all. B: __________ A. Congratulations. We are going to get promoted. B. Great. We are going to have a new job. C. Oh, somehow I’m tired of working here anyway. D. Really. We are not going to resign from our post. 5. A: Hi, Jane. Do you have any change? I have to make a call on the pay phone. B: __________ A. Speaking please. I can pay for your call. B. What? You want to borrow some money to buy a phone? C. No change at all. Are you calling from a pay phone? D. Pay phone? Why not use my mobile phone? Section B Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 6. M: Is the rescue crew still looking for survivors of the plane crash? W: Yes, they have been searching the area for hours, but they haven’t found anybody else. They’ll keep searching until night falls. Q: What does the woman mean? A. All the passengers were killed. B. The plane crashed at night. C. No more survivors have been found. D. It’s too late to search for survivors. 7. M: How many students passed the final physics exam in your class? W: Forty. But still as many as 20 per cent of the class failed. Quite disappointing. Q: What does the woman think of the exam? A. Its results were just as expected. B. It wasn’t very well designed. C. It fully reflected the students’ ability. D. Its results fell short of her expectations. 8. M: Lots of people enjoy dancing, do you? W: Believe it or not, that’s the last thing I’d even want to do. Q: What does the woman mean? A. She believes dancing is enjoyable. B. She definitely does not like dancing. C. She admires those who can dance. D. She won’t dance until she has finished her job. 9. M: What are we supposed to submit our project proposals? W: They are due by the end of the week. We’ve only two days left. We have to hurry. Q: What does the woman mean? A. The deadline is drawing near. B. She can’t meet the deadline. C. She turned in the proposals today. D. There are two days ahead of time. 10. M: How do you like the car I bought? W: Well, it seems to run well. But I think it needs a new paint job. Q: What does the woman mean? A. It looks quite new. B. It needs to be repaired. C. It looks old but it runs well. D. Its engine needs to be painted. 参考答案：1. B 2 B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C。

在职同等学力考研西医综合（分子生物学-蛋白质化学）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. A1/A2型题 2. X型题1．糖原磷酸化酶经过pH 2．7阳离子交换柱，该酶的比活性从2．5U／mg匀浆蛋白质增加到5．5U／mg蛋白质，从上述数据可做出何种结论A．酶的产量大于80％B．酶在pH 2．7环境下带负电荷C．酶纯化100倍以上D．酶是球状结构E．酶处于活性状态正确答案：C解析：其结果只能得出酶被纯化后活性增加百倍以上，其他结论都不能从给出的结果数据中得到。

知识模块：蛋白质化学2．天然蛋白质中不存在的氨基酸是A．蛋氨酸B．胱氨酸C．羟脯氨酸D．同型半胱氨酸E．精氨酸正确答案：D解析：天然蛋白质中不存在同型半胱氨酸，它是蛋氨酸代谢的中间产物。

蛋氨酸从ATP获得腺苷生成S腺苷蛋氨酸，后者供出甲基可转变为S腺苷同型半胱氨酸，然后再水解脱腺苷而生成同型半胱氨酸的。

同型半胱氨酸经蛋氨酸合成酶催化由N5-CH2FH4提供甲基可合成蛋氨酸。

知识模块：蛋白质化学3．维系蛋白质一级结构的化学键是A．盐键B．疏水键C．氢键D．二硫键E．肽键正确答案：E解析：构成蛋白质多肽链中的氨基酸通过肽键相连而成，其余4种化学键系参与蛋白质空间结构的形成。

知识模块：蛋白质化学4．稳定蛋白质分子中α螺旋和β折叠的化学键是A．肽键B．二硫键C．盐键D．氢键E．疏水作用正确答案：D解析：α螺旋和β折叠是蛋白质二级结构的主要形式。

在α螺旋中每个肽键的亚氨基氢和第四个肽键的羰基氧形成氢键，氢键的方向与螺旋长轴基本平行。

肽链中全部肽键都可形成氢键，从而使α螺旋得以稳定。

在β折叠中多肽链充分伸展，并以α-碳为转折点，依次折叠成锯齿状结构，两条以上肽链或一条多肽链内的若干肽段的锯齿状结构可平行排列，也可走向相反，多肽链之间通过肽键的羰基氧和亚氨基氢形成氢键，从而稳定β折叠，所以D是正确的。

而二硫键、盐键及疏水作用主要用于稳定蛋白质三级结构。

同等学历申硕考试外语水平考试模拟题2020年(2)(总分0, 做题时间150分钟)Section AA. Oh, you told me about her.B. Everyone should have a close friend.C. I believe you can be good sister of hers. Tim: Did you stay at home last night?Balvir: No, I went out with my friend. Well, actually, she's my best friend. Have you ever met her?Tim: Er, I don't think so.Balvir: Lisa?Tim: 【D1】______Balvir: I did. She's a Greek girl.Tim: I remember that you mentioned her last summer.Balvir: She's really pretty... and she's got long dark hair. Um, yeah, we had a good time. We met... gosh... we've known each other now...for 15 years. Can you believe that?Tim: Oh, wow.Balvir: Yeah, we met...I was working for her dad. I tell you those were wild days but, er, we met working there together and um, she has a sister, an elder sister, and she doesn't get along with her very well, sometimes quarrels. So I always like to say that I'm like her sister. I'm like the sister she never had.Tim: 【D2】______Balvir: Sure. But we don't have a lot in common. She's a housewife, a full time mother. She's got a little boy.Tim: How old is he now? In kindergarten?Balvir: No, he's about ...he's about 11 now...difficult age. But we still get together about once or twice a month, and it's always good to see her.Tim: 【D3】______Balvir: I think so.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.【D1】ABC该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0答案:A这是一段朋友之间谈论一方好友的对话。

Paper One 试卷一（90 minutes)Part I: Dialogue Communication （10 minutes，10 points, 1 for each）Section A Dialogue CompletionDirection:In this section，you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C，and D。

Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1。

A：What do you plan to do for the next weekend? So far I have no plans at all.B: __________A. Sorry, It is not my business。

B. So I do.C. I have nothing to say. D。

You could go swimming。

2. A: You are a college student。

Tell me what you would like to do?B：__________A。

I like to take a taxi。

B。

I don’t know，but I like to develop computer software.C。

I will go and have fun with my classmates。

同等学力英语模拟试题同等学力英语模拟试题：一、选择题1、The _______ of the moon caused the tsunami in the ocean. A. gravitation B. reflection C. revolution D. cooperation 答案：C2、After a long _______， the old man finally returned to his hometown. A. battle B. fight C. war D. combat 答案：A3、The _______ between the two continents is very obvious. A. difference B. distinct C. diverse D. diversify 答案：B4、The _______ of the two calendars is a puzzle for scholars.A. differenceB. distinctC. diverseD. diversify 答案：A5、My _______ towards nature is beginning to change. A. emotionB. sentimentC. feelingD. affection 答案：D二、翻译题1、The more he has, the more he wants. (请用英文进行翻译) 答案：The more he gets, the more he wants.2、Reading is a passport to knowledge. (请用英文进行翻译) 答案：Reading is a passport to knowledge, which allows us to travel through the world with ease and gain a deeper understanding of life and the universe.三、完形填空题同等学力英语模拟试题中的完形填空题主要考察文章的理解和语言运用能力。

在职同等学力考研西医综合（生理学-血液）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. A1/A2型题 2. B1型题 3. X型题1．0．9％NaCl溶液和10％葡萄糖溶液对人体细胞内液来说A．两者都是等渗液B．两者都是高渗液C．两者都是低渗液D．前者是低渗液，后者是高渗液E．前者是等渗液，后者是高渗液正确答案：E 涉及知识点：血液2．Rh阳性是指红细胞膜上含有A．A抗原B．B抗原C．C抗原D．D抗原E．E抗原正确答案：D 涉及知识点：血液3．不易通过红细胞膜的是A．O2和CO2B．尿素C．H2OD．H2CO3E．K+和Na+正确答案：E 涉及知识点：血液4．促血小板生成素刺激的靶细胞主要是A．巨核系祖细胞B．粒系祖细胞C．红系祖细胞D．淋巴系祖细胞E．巨噬系祖细胞正确答案：A 涉及知识点：血液5．各种血细胞均起源于骨髓中的A．成纤维细胞B．髓系干细胞C．淋巴系干细胞D．基质细胞E．多能造血干细胞正确答案：E 涉及知识点：血液6．红细胞的主要功能是A．缓冲pHB．缓冲温度C．运输激素D．运输铁E．运输O2和CO2正确答案：E 涉及知识点：血液7．决定血浆pH的主要缓冲对是A．K2HPO4／KH2PO4B．KHCO3／H2CO3C．Na2HPO4／NaH2PO4D．NaHCO3／H2CO3E．蛋白质钠盐／蛋白质正确答案：D 涉及知识点：血液8．某患者血沉增快，若将该患者的红细胞置于正常人血浆中，其红细胞沉降的速度将A．增快B．减慢C．正常D．先增快后减慢E．先减慢后增快正确答案：C 涉及知识点：血液9．凝血酶的主要作用是A．加速FⅦ复合物的形成B．加速凝血酶原酶复合物的形成C．使纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白D．激活FⅫE．促进血小板聚集正确答案：C 涉及知识点：血液10．人血液中主要的吞噬细胞是A．淋巴细胞B．单核细胞C．嗜酸性粒细胞D．嗜碱性粒细胞E．中性粒细胞正确答案：E 涉及知识点：血液11．胃大部切除术后出现巨幼细胞贫血，是由于下列哪种物质吸收障碍所致A．蛋白质B．叶酸C．维生素B12D．脂肪E．铁正确答案：C 涉及知识点：血液12．下列哪项不是血浆蛋白的生理功能A．运输O2和CO2B．缓冲功能C．参与生理止血D．参与机体的免疫功能E．维持血浆胶体渗透压正确答案：A 涉及知识点：血液13．血浆胶体渗透压的生理作用是A．调节血管内外水的交换B．调节细胞内外水的交换C．维持细胞正常体积D．维持细胞正常形态E．决定血浆总渗透压正确答案：A 涉及知识点：血液14．血清与血浆的主要区别在于血清缺乏A．纤维蛋白B．5-羟色胺C．凝血因子D．血小板E．Ca2+正确答案：C 涉及知识点：血液15．血小板与非血小板表面的黏着现象称血小板A．黏附B．聚集C．释放D．凝集E．激活正确答案：A 涉及知识点：血液16．抑制血小板聚集的物质是A．TXA2B．PGG2C．PGH2D．PGl2E．凝血酶正确答案：D 涉及知识点：血液17．造血干细胞和造血祖细胞的共同特点是A．分化能力强B．自我复制能力强C．正常有50％处于细胞周期D．形态学上不能被识别E．细胞表面标志均为CD34+／CD38+／Lin+ 正确答案：D 涉及知识点：血液18．组织液与血浆成分的主要区别是组织液内A．不含血细胞B．蛋白质含量低C．Na+含量高D．K+含量高E．Cl-含量高正确答案：B 涉及知识点：血液A．肾上腺素B．α2-抗纤溶酶C．尿激酶D．5-羟色胺E．Ca2+19．可使纤溶酶原转变为纤溶酶的物质是正确答案：C 涉及知识点：血液20．可抑制纤溶酶的物质是正确答案：B 涉及知识点：血液A．FⅢB．FⅦC．FⅧD．FⅩE．FⅫ21．内源性凝血途径的始动因子是正确答案：E 涉及知识点：血液22．外源性凝血途径的始动因子是正确答案：A 涉及知识点：血液23．可被凝血酶激活的因子是正确答案：C 涉及知识点：血液A．Na+、Cl-B．K+、Cl-C．葡萄糖D．白蛋白E．球蛋白24．血浆胶体渗透压的形成主要取决于正确答案：D 涉及知识点：血液25．血浆晶体渗透压的形成主要取决于正确答案：A 涉及知识点：血液26．机体组织液和血浆相同的是+</sup>浓度” value1=“A”>A．Na+浓度-</sup>浓度” value1=“B”> B．Cl-浓度C．晶体渗透压D．蛋白质正确答案：A，B，C 涉及知识点：血液27．为病人输血，须遵守下列哪些原则A．在输血前对受血者进行全面体格检查B．对受血者进行血型鉴定并与供血者进行交叉配血试验C．测定受血者对异种抗原的反应性D．输血时密切观察有无输血反应正确答案：B，D 涉及知识点：血液28．小血管损伤后，生理止血过程包括A．受损小血管收缩B．血小板聚集形成止血栓C．受损局部血液凝固形成血凝块D．血管壁修复，伤口愈合正确答案：A，B，C 涉及知识点：血液。

绝密★启用前2021年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试英语模考试卷二ENGLISH QUALIFICATION TESTFOR MASTER-DEGREE APPLICANTSPaper Two (50 minutes)Part VI Translation (10 points)Part VII Writing (15 points)考生须知1. 试卷二满分为25分。

考试时间为50分钟，10:40开始，11:30结束。

2. 考生务必将本人考号最后两位数字填写在本页右上角方框内。

3. 试卷二的答案一律用蓝色或黑色墨水笔写在试卷二答题卡指定区域内，未写在答题卡指定区域或写在试卷上的无效。

4.宣布考试结束后，请一律停笔，将试卷二和试卷二答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上，坐在原位，等待监考员收取试卷二和试卷二答题卡。

待监考员全部收齐点淸无误，宣布可以离场后，方可离开考场。

5.监考员收卷过程中，考生须配合监考员验收，并请监考员在准考证上签字（作为考生交卷的凭据)，否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。

Paper Two (试卷二）（50 minutes)Part VI Translation (10 points)Directions :Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Undoubtedly, advanced technology has brought much convenience to us, but modern people, especially students, are not supposed to hinge upon the technology all the time. There are two reasons to support the view. To start with, students shoulder the responsibility of learning. There is a “study”in the word of “student”. Furthermore, the future progress of technology depends upon students. How can they advance the current scientific frontier without a total understanding of the basic knowledge? Of course, students are also supposed to learn by themselves with the help of technology, especially the Internet, for collecting information is an essential ability of modern people. However, there is a clear distinction between relying on the Web for everything and independent study.Part VII Writing (15 points)Directions: Write at least 150 words about the topic: A Better University or a Better Major? You should write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.1．你认为在研究生学习阶段是选择一个好的学校重要还是选择一个好的专业重要？2．你的理由是．．．．．．．。