急性PTE的治疗—溶栓
• 具体溶栓方法
– 溶栓药物及用法
• rtPA:50~100mg持续静滴2h 根据肺血管CTA酌情给予 50~100mg持续静滴2~8h,连续1~3天
• UK:4400IU/kg静注10min,4400IU/kg/h持续 静滴12~24h;或20000IU/kg静滴2h。
• SK:25万IU,静注30min,10万IU/h持续 静滴12~24h。 SK半年内不宜复用
肌钙蛋白I升高 (>0.4ng/ml) 肌钙蛋白T升高(>0.1ng/ml)
肺栓塞的预警和现代诊断与治疗
• 定义 • 流行病学特征 • 发病因素与预警 • 临床表现 • 快速诊断与鉴别诊断 • 快速治疗 •总 结
流行病学:死亡率
• 美国年发病63万人, 20万人死亡,约70%未能 及时确诊,10%在发病1小时内猝死
临床表现
临床表现
突发呼吸困难 胸痛 咯血 咳嗽 心悸 晕厥 发热 腹痛 发绀 颈静脉充盈 P2亢进 肺部啰音 下肢水肿 血压下降或休克
例数(n,%)
114(84.4) 45(33.3) 10(7.4) 60(44.4) 34(25.2) 17(12.6) 17(12.6)
7(5.2) 25(18.5) 86(70.1) 25(18.5) 34(25.2) 43(31.9)
缩期杂音、颈静脉怒张等体循环瘀血征象等 • 心电图呈SⅠQⅢTⅢ表现,或突然出现电轴右偏、胸前导联QRS波呈
顺钟向转位,或右房右室肥大、右束支传导阻滞表现者;胸前导联巨 大T波倒置 • 血气分析有低氧血症、低碳酸血症者 • 超声发现四肢深静脉血栓形成者
不怕查不到,就怕没想到!
a A total point score for a given patient is obtained by summing the patient’s age in years and the points for each predictor when present. The score corresponds with the following risk classes: 65 or less, class I; 66 to 85, class II; 86 to 105, class III; 106 to 125, class IV; and more than 125, class V. Patients in risk classes I and II are defined as being at low risk. b A total point score for a given patient is obtained by summing the points. The score corresponds with the following risk classes: 0, low risk; 1 or more, high risk. Empty cells indicate that the variable was not included. c The variables were combined into a single category of chronic cardiopulmonary disease.