新型初雪机械英文文献Snow blower

<>History of the SnowblowerSo who did invent the snowblower or snowthrower? We need to begin by qualifying that question since there are a number of answers depending on your interest. Some notable firsts would be: ∙The first machine to clear snow by throwing or blowing it∙The first fully mobile snow clearing machine?∙The first domestic walk-behind snow blowerThe latter is the one people generally think of and have the most interest in. It is also the one that has the most elusive answer. Chapter 1 So where did it all begin? Looking back in time we need to consider where would there be a need to remove snow while having a source of power available? The need and the enabling power were found on the railways of the U.S. snowbelt and in Canada. The earliest documented art belongs to a Toronto dentist known as J/W Elliot. His 1869 patent #390 design was never built.The story next takes us to Orangeville Ontario, Canada where we find Orange Jull, a gristmill operator and inventor. In 1884 he applied for a patent and was subsequently granted patent #18506. Jull did not have the means to build and commercialize his invention so he contracted the local Lesliebrothers to build theThe Jull/Leslie machineswere self powered but notself propelled. A locomotivewas used to move themachine. The Jull designconsisted of 2 large inlinefans rotating in oppositedirections. The lead fanchewed into and pulverizedthe snow while blowing itwhich propelled it into thesky. Due to clogging problems it was simplified to a single fan. Further changes to effectively control the discharge were made including amovable deflector and pitching impeller blades. Production was moved to the Cook locomotive works in several locations. Additional machines were built under license. Finally 5 machines were "home built" by end users with the last one finished in 1971. In all 146 were built.Later work consisted of fortifying the design to deal with the hazards of the unknown. Tracks were often blocked with fallen trees and other debris that were concealed in the snow. Legend has it that in one case a herd of cattle were trapped and buried under the snow on the rail bed. As the rotary snowplow progressed forward beefsteaks were flying. They remained in production into the 1950s and a few are still in service today. Many survive as museum pieces with an occasional demonstration.Following his collaboration with the Leslie Brothers Orange Jull went on to create a next generation machine. This design utilized a screw auger to collect the snow. It was not as effective, especially in deep snow and only eleven were ever built. Sadly all have been scrapped. All of the available photos and drawings of these machines are on enthusiasts sites where they are best viewed.. A Google search using Jull snowblower as keywords will deliver hours of reading and nostalgia. On You-tube you may be able to find " The Return of Rotary #1 ". A search for "rotary snowplow" found this video.Chapter 2Our next installment finds Arthur Sicard, circa 1894, an 18 year old working on the family dairy farm in Saint-Leonard-de-Port-Maurice, Quebec. Snowstorms being frequent and dairy products being perishable motivated him to find a better snow removal means.foundinspiration oneday when hesaw a newpiece of farmmachinerycalled thethresher. If thismachine couldgather grainperhaps hecould use thedesign togather andmove snow. Itwasn't longbefore he had built and tested his first prototype however it bogged down in snow. His notion was dismissed by those around him and he went on unsupported in his pursuit. He went on to make a life for himself in Montreal until finally in 1925, 31 years later he astonished the people of that city with his "Sicard Snow Remover Snowblower". The first sale was to the nearby town of Outremont, in 1927.The Sicard name has been synonymous with large snowblowers ever since. My hometown had a Sicard unit mounted to an old Michigan front end loader for several decades.Chapter 3The curious question then becomes when did the walk behind domestic snowblower emerge? The Toro website makes the claim that Toro introduced the first snowthrower, the Snowhound in 1951. Ariens entered snow moving the market in 1952 with an attachment for it's Yardster series. The Ariens Sno-Thro series was launched in 1960. Simplicty followed in 1962. The earliest confirmed Gilson dates back to 1966. Meanwhile dozens of others launched productlines.This of course is in the context of domestic walk-behind units. If you have an early machine I'd appreciate a picture and brief story. Of all of the archival material I have amassed nothing points to an earlier machine. The 1951 Toro was not the driveway behemoth than manyof us use today as can be seen in the photo.Showcase you can get asense of the diversity foundin the early machines and asearch of patents will revealeven more radical designs.Machines of modernin the 1960's. Thesmall-scale brands slowlydisappeared and most weregone by the 1980s. TheGilson snow blower linelaunched in 1966. The fullsized gear drives continuedand with the introduction ofthe Unitrol machines in 1970that evolved into the 1980s.Just as the small scale models were fading away the industry was turned on it's head with the introduction of "personal sized" 2 stroke machines. The models were easy to handle, store and pay for. They pack enough power to handle a significant storm if you are patient enough to let it eat the elephant one bite at a time. Gilson was an early player with some patent action and the Snow-Cannon was a hit.Snow blowerFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchA heavy-duty walk-behind two-stage snow blower.A snow blower or snow thrower is a machine for removing snow from an area where it is not wanted, such as a driveway, sidewalk, roadway, railroad track, rink, runway, or houses. The term "snow thrower" is often used to encompass snow throwers and snow blowers, however, in proper a snow thrower is a machine that uses a single stage to remove or "throw" snow while a snowblower uses two stages to remove or "blow" snow. It can use either electric power, or a gasoline or diesel engine to throw snow to another location or into a truck to be hauled away. This is in contrast with the action of snow plows, which push snow to the front or side (shovels can be similarly used).Snow throwers range from the very small, capable of removing only a few inches (a few cm) of light snow in an 18 to 20 in (457 to 508 mm) path, to the very large, mounted onto heavy duty winter service vehicles and capable of moving 10-foot (3.05 m) wide, or wider, swaths of heavy snow up to 6 feet (1.83 m) deep. Snow blowers can generally be divided into two classes: single stage and two stage.Contents∙ 1 Single-stage and two-stage snow throwers∙ 2 Safety issues∙ 3 History[edit] Single-stage and two-stage snow throwersTwo-stage Simplicity snow thrower in use on a residential drivewaySingle stage rotary snow thrower of the Furka-Oberalp-Bahn in DisentisSingle-stage snow throwers use a single high-speed impeller to both move the snow into the machine and force it out the discharge chute. The impeller is usually in the form of two or more curved plastic paddles that move snow towards the centerline of the machine where the discharge chute is located. Single-stage snow throwers usually are light duty machines. Small electric machines can actually be picked up to chew away deep snow. Two-stage snow blowers range in power from a few horsepower to very large machines powered by diesel engines of over 1000 horsepower (746 kW). The large machines are used for clearing roadways and airport runways. These are capable of removing large amounts of snow quickly. Some municipalities use larger snow blowers to clear snow from streets after a snowfall, often by throwing the snow into trucks which haul it away.Two-stage machines for home use are usually self-propelled, using either large wheels equipped with tire chains or, in some cases, tracks. The term "two-stage" means that there are two mechanisms used to move the snow. The first is the auger and the second is the impeller. The auger feeds the snow to the high-speed impeller where the impeller blows the snow out of the machine. These are usually single-purpose machines, though some are detachable front ends that can be replaced with other implements, such as a rotary tiller.The auger drive is usually equipped with a shear pin. If a major jam occurs in the auger, this pin will break. This controlled failure prevents damageto the auger drive gears. Once the pin has failed, it must be replaced before the machine can be used again; this is generally a relatively simple process.[edit] Safety issuesThe U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that each year there are approximately 5,740 snowblower related injuries in the United States which require medical attention.[1]One problem with the design of the snow blower is that snow can build up in the auger, jamming it and stalling the motor. This is complicated by the fact that the auger could deform before applying enough resistance to the motor to turn it off. If the jam is cleared by hand, it is possible for the auger to return to its natural shape suddenly and with great force, possibly injure the user; snow blowers are a leading cause of traumatic hand and finger amputations.[2] The correct procedure is to turn off the engine, disengage the clutch and then clear the jam with a broom handle or other long object.Most modern machines mitigate this problem by including a safety system known as the "Dead man's switch" (which may be electrical as implied or mechanical in design, such as a lever), to prevent the mechanism from rotating when the operator is not at the controls. In some jurisdictions, this is mandatory requirement.In December 2008, a snow blower accident made national headlines in the United States when Joe Sakic, the famous captain of the Colorado Avalanche hockey franchise of the National Hockey League, sustained three broken fingers and tendon damage when he attempted to clear the auger of his snowblower by hand. The team denied reports that Sakic required surgery to reattach one of his fingers. [3][edit] HistorySnow blower in Rocky Mountain National Park, 1933Robert Carr Harris of Dalhousie, New Brunswick patented a "Railway Screw Snow Excavator" in 1870. Various other innovations also occurred.[4] However, it is Arthur Sicard (1876–1946) who is generally credited as the inventor of the first practical snow blower. In 1925 Sicard completed his first prototype, based on a concept he described in 1894.[5]He founded Sicard Industries in Sainte-Thérèse, Quebec and by 1927 his vehicles were in use removing snow from the roadways of the town of Outremont, now a borough of Montreal. His company is now a division of SMI-Snowblast, Inc. of Watertown, New York.[6]Horsepower grew over theIn 1970 8HP was the bigmachine. By 1980 mostbrands included a 10 oreven 11 HP machine.Today 13 HP models easyto find.The 21st century broughtpower accessories.Manufacturers are offeringheated handles, motorizedchute rotators and you canfind machines that haveonboard battery power toallow electric starting whenWhile engine poweredlighting is nothing new it isbecoming far morecommon.The other big story isconsolidation. Where thereused to be scores ofsuppliers there are now essentially 7. Promotional grade machines(I'm being kind here) are made by MTD, Murray and AYP. Quality machine are built by Simplicity, Ariens, Toro and Honda. Virtually any machine you can find on the market, regardless of the brand is from one of these sources. The exceptions as small players such as attachments for BCS tillers. The age of the mass merchandiser has forced everyone to slash cost in pursuit of market share. The qualitybrands often sell machines in several tiers with one targeted at the promotional grade competition.What do the coming decades hold for snowblower users? The market moves slowly. While nearly every homeowner owns a lawn mower the snowblower market is confined to the snowbelt region and many property owners choose not to own such a machine. That being said it is a small piece of the pie that has a hard time attracting R&D money. The basic concepts have been quite stable for along time. Ecology has been a big driver of engine refinements and this is likely to continue. Much of the recent work has been value engineering with most of the benefit going to the manufacturers. The brute strength built into the machines of yesteryear is gone forever. We can only hope that future machines will not be overburdened with fragile accessories. Other than that we will all have to wait and see what blows in the future.<>。