葡萄酒专业英语
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葡萄酒专业词汇中英文对照SANY GROUP system office room 【SANYUA16H-葡萄酒专业词汇中英文对照第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle aging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应Volatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国::法定产区葡萄酒:优良产区葡萄酒:地区餐酒:日常餐酒德国:1. Tafelwein:日常餐酒;2. Landwein:地区餐酒;3. Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4. Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。
第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒V ermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒V odka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle aging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物V olatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应V olatile Phenols:挥发性酚V anillan:香子兰V anillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒德国:1. Tafelwein:日常餐酒;2. Landwein:地区餐酒;3. Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4. Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。
ACCESSIBLE(已可饮用)——已经可以品尝的酒;适饮期的酒;不需储藏的新酒,成熟的老酒和比预期早熟的酒。
ACETIC ACID(醋酸)——所有酒都含有轻微而不易察觉的醋酸(约0.03% -0.06%)。
如果比例超过0.1%,酸味会变得明显,就有如指甲油般的味道。
ACID,ACIDITY(酸度)——酒酸,是造成葡萄酒(特别是白酒) 的结构及厚度的重要因素。
若与丹宁等其他元素不平衡,会造成瑕疵。
通常以Tart或Sour来形容酸度过高的酒。
甜酒的酸度会比不甜酒略高。
AFTERTASTE(余韵,回甘)——指入喉后的回甘。
这回甘与酒停留在你口中的香味将有所不同,有辛辣的感受,余韵越长表示越好, 是欣赏葡萄酒最后的一个愉快的项目。
AGE/AGED(陈年/成熟)——经陈年的白酒通常由青绿转变为金黄色。
波尔多红酒由紫转深红,布根地由紫变砖红。
实际颜色转变视葡萄品种而定。
AGGRESSIVE(浓烈)——指酒内含浓烈的丹宁,非常干涩,尚需陈年。
ALCOHOLIC(酒精的酒精味)——1.平衡不佳而生成酒精的味道。
浓烈的酒精味会把应有的果香覆盖,生成炽热的感受。
2.法令规完酒内的酒精浓度必需注明,一般而言,餐酒不得超过14%,然而亦有例外,如某些金芬黛的酒精度会比较高。
ALMOND(杏仁)——带有些微甘味,意大利白酒通常会出现这种味道。
American Oak(美国橡木)——用美国橡木桶陈酿的苏维翁,梅洛及金芬黛会有浓烈的香草,时萝(九层塔)及杉木味。
ANISE(大茴香)——些微的甘草香,大部份的西班牙红酒会有这种味道。
APPLE(苹果)——1.丰富的苹果香味,你可以在有轻微橡木味的莎当妮中品尝得到。
2.清新的苹果味是薏丝琳白酒的味道。
3.尚未成熟的葡萄酿制的白酒有青苹果味。
4.酸苹果味表示酒已开始氧化。
APRICOT(杏子)——杏味通常会在甜白酒中出现,红酒中偶尔也会出现。
AROMA(香味)——指酒闻起来的味道。
第一部分葡萄酒分类dry red wine:干红葡萄酒semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒dry white wine:干白葡萄酒rose wine:桃红葡萄酒sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒still wine:静止葡萄酒sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒fortified wine:加强葡萄酒flavored wine:加香葡萄酒brut wine:天然葡萄酒carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒appetizer wine( aperitif):开胃葡萄酒table wine:佐餐葡萄酒dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒champagne:香槟酒vermouth:味美思beaujolasis:宝祖利酒mistelle:密甜尔wine cooler:清爽酒cider:苹果酒brandy:白兰地fruit brandy:水果白兰地pomace brandy:果渣白兰地grape brandy:葡萄白兰地liquor(liqueur):利口酒gin:金酒(杜松子酒)rum:朗姆酒cocktail:鸡尾酒vodka:伏特加whisky:威士忌spirit:酒精,烈酒cognac(france) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)armagnac(france) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)sherry(spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)port(portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)bdx:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物yeast:酵母wild yeast:野生酵母yeast hulls:酵母菌皮dry activity yeast:活性干酵母bacteria:细菌malolactic bacteria(mlb) :乳酸菌lactic acid bacteria(lab) :乳酸菌acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程transpiration:蒸腾作用evaporation:蒸发photosynthesis:光合作用maillard reaction :麦拉德反应veraison:转色期saturation:饱和alcoholic fermentation(af) :酒精发酵stuck (sluggish) fermentation:发酵停滞primary fermentation:前发酵,主发酵secondary fermentation;二次发酵heterofermentation:异型发酵malolactic fermentation(mlf) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵malo-alcohol fermentation(maf):苹果酸-酒精发酵methode charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法maceration carbonique :co2浸渍发酵whole bunch fermentation :co2浸渍发酵beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法charmat method:罐式香槟法enzymatic browning:酶促褐变acetification:酸败ageing:陈酿sur lies:带酒脚陈酿esterify:酯化saccharify:糖化liquefy:溶解、液化bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿amelioration:原料改良chaptalization:加糖distillation:蒸馏fractional distillation:分馏rectification:精馏clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料betonite:膨润土(皂土)kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土capsule:胶帽tin plat、foil:锡箔pigment:颜料、色素casein:酪蛋白pectin:果胶酶silica gel:硅胶gelatin:明胶isinglass:鱼胶egg white:蛋清albumen:蛋白blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标total acid:总酸titrable acid:滴定酸residul sugar:残糖carbon dioxide:二氧化碳sugar-free extract:干浸出物volatile acid:挥发酸sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫copper(cu):铜iron(fe):铁potassium:钾(k)calcium(ca):钙sodium(na):钠第六部分物质名词methanol:甲醇high alcohol:高级醇polyalcohol:多元醇ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯flavonol:黄酮醇glycine:甘油calcium pectate:果胶酸钙ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素butanol:丁醇isobutanol:正丁醇gastric acid:胃酸propanone:丙酮acetic acid:乙酸formic acid:甲酸,蚁酸phospholipids:磷脂amino acid:氨基酸fatty acid:脂肪酸carbonic acid:碳酸carbohydrate:碳水化合物fixed acid:固定酸tartaric acid:酒石酸malic acid:苹果酸citric acid:柠檬酸lactic acid:乳酸succinic acid:琥珀酸sorbic acid:山梨酸ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸benzyl acid:苯甲酸gallic acid:没食子酸ferulic acid:阿魏酸pcoumaric acid:香豆酸glucose, dextrose ,grape sugar:葡萄糖fructose, fruit sugar:果糖cane sugar, short sweetening:蔗糖polysaccharides:水解多糖starch :淀粉amylase:淀粉酶foam:泡沫protein:蛋白质mercaptan:硫醇thiamine:硫胺(vb1)ammonium salt:铵盐melanoidinen:类黑精glycerol:甘油,丙三醇copper citrate:柠檬酸铜copper sulphate:硫酸铜hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)catechins:儿茶酚low flavour threshold:香味阈值maillard reaction:美拉德反应volatile phenols:挥发性酚vanillan:香子兰vanillin:香草醛,香兰素linalool:里那醇,沉香醇geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇pyranic acid:丙酮酸furan aldehydes:呋喃醛eugenol:丁香酚guaiacol:愈创木酚carbohydrate degradation products:碳水化合物降解物cellulose:纤维素hemicellulose:半纤维素hemicellulase:半纤维素酶maltol:落叶松皮素oak lactone:橡木内酯hydrolysable tannins:水解单宁ellagitannins:鞣花单宁proanthocyanidin:原花色素relative astringency(ra):相对涩性lagic acid:鞣花酸polypetide nitrogen:多肽氮oxido-reduction potential:氧化还原电位condenced phenols:聚合多酚poly-phenols:多酚pvp(p):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮anthocyanin:花青素alcohol, ethanol:乙醇invert sugar 转化糖oxygen:氧气ester:酯类物质nitrogen:氮气aroma:果香virus:病毒bacteriophage:噬菌体body:酒体byproduct:副产物potassium bitartrate(kht):酒石酸氢钾potassium sorbate:山梨酸钾diammonium phosphate:磷酸氢二铵potassium meta-bisulfite (k2s2o5):偏重亚硫酸钾tannin:单宁oak tannins:橡木丹宁undesired (excessive )tannins:劣质单宁desired tannins:优质单宁enzyme:酶laccase:漆酶polyphenol oxidase(ppo) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白lees:酒泥chateau:酒庄bulk wine、raw wine:原酒hygiene:卫生activated carbon:活性碳currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备filtrate(filtration):过滤two-way pump:双向泵screw pump:螺杆泵centrifuge:离心机distillation:蒸馏heat exchanger:热交换器crusher:破碎机destemer:除梗机presser:压榨机atmosphere presser:气囊压榨机screw presser:连续压榨机filter:过滤机bottling line:灌装线plate filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)vacuum filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)depth filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)cross filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)membrane filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)sterile filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)pocket filtration(filter):袋滤(机)rotary machine:转瓶机pomace draining:出渣blending:调配racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)decanting:倒灌(瓶)remuage:吐渣fining:下胶deacidification:降酸pump over:循环skin contact:浸皮(渍)mix colors:调色oxidative ageing method:氧化陈酿法reducing ageing method:还原陈酿法stabilization:稳定性ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)headspace:顶空ntu:浊度receiving bin:接收槽corkscrew:开瓶器distilling column:蒸馏塔condenser:冷凝器heat exchanger:热交换器cork:软木塞cellar:酒窖wine showroom:葡萄酒陈列室optical density(od):光密度metal crown lid:皇冠盖blanket:隔氧层pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药grape nursery:葡萄苗圃graft:嫁接苗scion:接穗seedling:自根苗disease:病害botrytis:灰霉病downy mildew:霜霉病powdery mildew:白粉病fan leaf:扇叶病毒病anthracnose:炭疽病mild powder:灰腐病black rotten:黑腐病noble rot:贵腐病pearls:皮尔斯病phylloxera:根瘤蚜nematode:线虫bird damage:鸟害pest:昆虫lime sulphur:石硫合剂nursery:营养钵herbicide:除草剂pesticide:杀虫剂fungicide:真菌剂bordeaux mixture:波尔多液microclimate:微气候variety:品种cluster:果穗rachis:穗轴scion:接穗rootstock:砧木grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词enology:葡萄酒酿造学pomology:果树学vinification:葡萄酒酿造法wine-making:葡萄酒酿造ampelography:葡萄品种学viniculture:葡萄栽培学wine chemistry 葡萄酒化学enologist,winemaker:酿酒师vintage:年份inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)mog(material other than grapes):杂物terpene:萜烯terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:a.o.c:法定产区葡萄酒v.d.q.s:优良产区葡萄酒v.d.p:地区餐酒v.d.t:日常餐酒第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类vitaceae:葡萄科vine:葡萄树american vine:美洲种葡萄franco-american:欧美杂交种hybrid:杂交品种wild grape(vine):野生葡萄cultivar:栽培品种wine grape:酿酒葡萄table grape:鲜食葡萄seedless grape:无核(籽)葡萄grape(vine) variety:葡萄品种二、红葡萄品种:cabernet sauvignon(france):赤霞珠cabernet franc(france):品丽珠cabernet gernischt(france) :蛇龙珠carignan:佳利酿sinsaut(france) :神索gamay(france) :佳美grenache(spain) :歌海娜merlot(france) :梅鹿辄petit verdot (france) :味尔多pinot noir(france) :黑比诺ruby cabernet(america) :宝石解百纳sangiovese(italy) :桑娇维塞syrah(france) :西拉zinfandel(america) :增芳德muscat hamburg:玫瑰香saperavi(former soviet union):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:aligote(france) :阿里高特chardonney(france) :霞多丽chenin blanc(france) :白诗南traminer(germany) :琼瑶浆italian riesling:贵人香grey risling:灰雷司令white riesling(germany) :白雷司令muller-thurgau(germany) :米勒muscat blanc:白麝香pinot blanc(france:)白品乐sauvignon blanc(france) :长相思selillon(france) :赛美蓉silvaner(germany) :西万尼ugni blanc(france) :白玉霓folle blanche(france) :白福尔colombard(france) :鸽笼白long yan(china,changcheng):龙眼rkatsiteli (former soviet union):白羽四、染色品种:alicante bouschet(france) :紫北塞yan 73(china,changyu) :烟73yan 74(china,changyu) :烟74第十二部分葡萄酒品尝taste:品尝clarity:清澈、透明transparent:透明的sensation;感觉bitter flavors:苦味off-flavor, off-smell, odour:异味stemmy:果梗味reduction smell:还原味oxidative smell:氧化味harmony:协调性odour:气味olfactory:嗅觉的scent:植物香气aroma:果香bouquet:酒香body:酒体perception:感觉amber:琥珀色的ruby:宝石红色tawny:黄褐色violet:紫罗兰色pink:紫红色brown:褐色的round:圆润的full:完整的、丰满的harmonious:协调的supple:柔顺的soft:柔软的smooth:平滑的mellower:醇美的lively:充满活力的rich:饱满的,馥郁的fine:细腻的fresh:清新的well-balanced:平衡良好的subtle:微妙的, 精细的velvety:柔软的、温和的、柔顺的fragrant:芳香的、香气幽雅的flowery:花香的syrupy:美妙的、甜美的mellow:甘美的、圆润的、松软的luscious:甘美的、芬芳的tranquil:恬静的spicy:辛辣的tart:尖酸的harsh,hard:粗糙的lighter:清淡的、轻盈的thin:单薄的flat:平淡的unbalanced:不平衡的spoiled,unsound:败坏的fuller:浓郁的vinous:酒香的coarse:粗糙的、粗劣的piquant:开胃的、辛辣的tart:尖酸的、刻薄的astringent:收敛的、苦涩的conflict:不和谐的stale:走味的,沉滞的dull:呆滞的、无活力的sulphur taste:硫味hydrogen sulphide odour:硫化氢味taste of lees:酒泥味mousiness:鼠臭味corked taste,corkiness,corky:木塞味ouldy taste,musty taste:霉味cooked taste:老化味resinous:树脂味casky (woody )taste:橡木味,木味smoke taste:烟熏味metallic flavour:金属味earthy taste:泥土味herbaceous taste:青草味after taste:后味第十三部分葡萄酒欣赏与服务wine bar:酒吧sommelier:斟酒服务员label:酒标water jar:斟酒壶wine funnel:斟酒漏斗decanter:细颈玻璃壶beverage:饮料soft drink:软饮料tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶palate:味觉、鉴赏力bouquet:香味ice-bucket:冰桶fruity:果味的subside:沉淀物第十四部分葡萄酒营养物质名词nutrition:营养素free amino nitrogen(fan) :游离氨基酸氮sterol:甾醇vitamin:维生素tocopherol:ve,生育酚thiamine:vb1,硫胺素flavin:黄素riboflavin:vb2,核黄素nicotinic acid:烟酸第十五部分葡萄酒分析determination:检测titration:滴定dilute:稀释litmus paper:石蕊试纸reagent:试剂goggle:护目镜flask:烧瓶beaker:烧杯(带倾口)distilled water:蒸馏水hydrometer:液体比重计refractometer:手持糖量仪high performance liquid chromatography (hplc):高效液相色谱paper chromatography:纸层析法specific gravity:比重sodium hydroxide:氢氧化钠(naoh)potassium hydrogen phthalate:邻苯二甲酸氢钾phenolphthalein:酚酞pipette:移液管erlenmeyer flask:锥形烧瓶activated charcoal:活性碳whatman filter paper:沃特曼滤纸ph-meter:ph计titration end-point:滴定终点buffer solution:缓冲液potassium hydrogen tartrate:酒石酸氢钾calibrate:校准electrode:电极starch indicator:淀粉指示剂sulphuric acid:硫酸pyrex beaker:耐热烧杯potassium iodide:碘化钾(ki)sodium thiosulphate:硫代硫酸钠(nas2so3)hydrogen peroxide:过氧化氢(h2o2)orthophosphoric acid:正磷酸methyl-red:甲基红ebullioscope(ebullimeter):酒精计thermometer:温度计pycnometer:比重瓶formic acid:甲酸(蚁酸)sodium formate:甲酸钠bromophenol blue:溴酚蓝agar plating:琼脂平板培养基chocolate agar:巧克力琼脂corn meal agar:玉米粉琼脂egg albumin agar:卵蛋白琼脂glycerin agar:甘油琼脂malt agar:麦芽汁琼脂(培养基)nutrient agar:营养琼脂plain agar:普通琼脂starch agar:淀粉琼脂potato-dextrose agar(p.d.a):土豆-葡萄糖培养基autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅petri dishes:灭菌盘low-magnification microscope:低倍显微镜micro-loop:接种环micro-needle:接种针alcohol lamp:酒精灯第十六部分葡萄酒病害copper casse:铜破败病ferric casse:铁破败病proteinic casse:蛋白质破败病blue casse:蓝色破败病white casse:白色破败病oxidasic casse:氧化酶破败病micobial disease:细菌病害mannitic disease:甘露醇病。
葡萄酒专业词汇第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine :桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine :甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine :半甜葡萄酒Still wine :静止葡萄酒Sparkling w ine :起泡葡萄酒 Claret :新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒 Brut wine :天然葡萄酒 Carbonated wine :加气起泡葡萄酒 Appetizer wine( Aperitif) :开胃葡萄酒 Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒 Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne :香槟酒 V e rmo uth :味美思 Beaujolasis :宝祖利酒 Mistelle :密甜尔 Wine Cooler :清爽酒Cider :苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy :水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地 Grape brandy :葡萄白兰地 Liquor (Liqueur ):利口酒 Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vo d ka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒 Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法) Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Y e a st:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Y e ast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeas:t活性干酵母Bacteria :细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria :醋酸菌 Spoilage yeast :败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration :蒸腾作用 Evaporation :蒸发Photosynthesis :光合作用 Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison :转色期Saturation :饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵 Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation :发酵停滞 Primary Fermentation :前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation ;二次发酵Heterofermentation :异型发酵 Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF) :苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise :夏朗德壶式蒸馏法 Maceration Carbonique :CO2 浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2 浸渍发酵 Beaujolasis method :宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation :厌氧发酵法Thermovinification :热浸渍酿造法Charmat method :罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning :酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing :陈酿Sur lies :带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify :糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bo t t le ageing :瓶内陈酿 Amelioration :原料改良Chaptalization :加糖Distillation :蒸馏Fractional Distillation :分馏Rectification :精馏 Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite :膨润土(皂土) Kieselgur ,diatomite :硅藻土Capsule :胶帽Tin Plat 、Foil:锡箔Pigment :颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin :果胶酶Silica gel :硅胶Gelatin :明胶 Isinglass :鱼胶 Egg w hite :蛋清 Albumen :蛋白 Blood p owder :血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid :总酸Titrable acid :滴定酸Residul sugar :残糖Carbon dioxide :二氧化碳Sugar-free extract :干浸出物 Volatile acid :挥发酸Sulfur dioxide :二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide :总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide :游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜 Iron (Fe):铁 Potassium :钾( K) Calcium (Ca):钙 Sodium (Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol :甲醇High Alcohol :高级醇Polyalcohol :多元醇 Ethyl acetate :乙酸乙酯Flavonol :黄酮醇Glycine :甘油CalciumPectate :果胶酸钙Ochratoxin :棕曲霉毒素Butanol :丁醇Isobutanol :正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone :丙酮Acetic Acid :乙酸 Formic Acid :甲酸,蚁酸 Phospholipids :磷脂Amino Acid :氨基酸Fa t t y Acid :脂肪酸 Carbonic Acid :碳酸Carbohydrate :碳水化合物Fixed Acid :固定酸Tartaric Acid :酒石酸 Malic Acid :苹果酸Citric Acid :柠檬酸 L a ctic Acid :乳酸Succinic Acid :琥珀酸 Sorbic acid :山梨酸 Ascorbic acid :抗坏血酸 Benzyl acid :苯甲酸Gallic acid :没食子酸Ferulic Acid :阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid :香豆酸 Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar :葡萄糖 Fructose, Fruit Sugar :果糖 Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening :蔗糖Polysaccharides :水解多糖 Starch :淀粉Amylase :淀粉酶 Foam :泡沫Protein :蛋白质Mercaptan :硫醇 Thiamine :硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt :铵盐Melanoidinen :类黑精 Glycerol :甘油,丙三醇 Copper citrate :柠檬酸铜 Copper sulphate :硫酸铜 Hydrogen sulphide :硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins :儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold :香味阈值Maillard Reaction :美拉德反应Volatile Phenols :挥发性酚Vanillan :香子兰Vanillin :香草醛,香兰素 Linalool :里那醇,沉香醇 Geroniol :牻牛儿醇,香茅醇 Pyranic acid :丙酮酸 Furan Aldehydes :呋喃醛Eugenol :丁香酚Guaiacol :愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products :碳水化合物降解物Cellulose :纤维素Hemicellulose :半纤维素 Hemicellulase :半纤维素酶Maltol :落叶松皮素Oak Lactone :橡木内酯 Hydrolysable Tannins :水解单宁Ellagitannins :鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin :原花色素Relative Astringency(RA) :相对涩性L a gic Acid :鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen :多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential :氧化还原电位Co nd e nce d Phe no ls:聚合多酚Po ly-p he no ls:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin :花青素Alcohol, ethanol :乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen :氧气Ester :酯类物质Nitrogen :氮气Aroma :果香Virus :病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Po ta s s ium B itartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾 Pota s s ium Sorbate :山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate :磷酸氢二铵Pota s s ium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5) :偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin :单宁 Oak tannins :橡木丹宁Undesired(Excessive)Ta n n in s:劣质单宁De sire d t ann ins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶 Laccase:漆酶 Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase :β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase :β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins :甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau :酒庄Bulk wine 、Raw wine :原酒Hygiene :卫生Activated c arbon :活性碳 Currant :茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干 Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration) :过滤Two-way Pump :双向泵Screw Pump :螺杆泵Centrifuge :离心机 Distillation :蒸馏Heat Exchanger :热交换器Crusher :破碎机Destemer :除梗机 Presser :压榨机 Atmosphere Pre s s er :气囊压榨机 Screw Pre s s er :连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bo t t ling Lin e:灌装线Plate Filtra tion(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuu mFilt ra tio n(filter):真空过滤(机)De p th Filtratio n(filter):深层过滤(机)Cro s s Filtratio n(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Ste rile Filtratio n(filter):除菌过滤(机)Poc ke t Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine :转瓶机Pomace Draining :出渣 Blending :调配 Racking :分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting :倒灌(瓶)Remuage :吐渣Fining :下胶Deacidification :降酸Pump over :循环Skin Contact :浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative AgeingMethod :氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method :还原陈酿法Stabilization :稳定性Ullage :未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace :顶空NTU :浊度Receiving bin :接收槽Corkscrew :开瓶器 Distilling Column :蒸馏塔 Condenser :冷凝器 Heat Exchanger :热交换器 Cork :软木塞 Cellar :酒窖Wine Showroom :葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density (OD):光密度Me tal Cro wn Lid:皇冠盖Blanke t:隔氧层Pasteu risa tio n:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery :葡萄苗圃 Graft:嫁接苗Scion :接穗Seedling :自根苗 Disease :病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Le a f:扇叶病毒病 Anthracnose :炭疽病 Mild P owder :灰腐病 Black Ro t t en :黑腐病Noble rot :贵腐病 Pearls :皮尔斯病 Phylloxera :根瘤蚜 Nematode :线虫 Bird Damage :鸟害 Pest :昆虫Lime Sulphur :石硫合剂 Nursery :营养钵 Herbicide :除草剂Pesticide :杀虫剂Fungicide :真菌剂 Bordeaux mixture :波尔多液 Microclimate :微气候 Variety :品种 Cluster :果穗 Rachis :穗轴 Scion :接穗 Rootstock :砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology :葡萄酒酿造学Pomology :果树学Vinification :葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making :葡萄酒酿造 Ampelography :葡萄品种学Viniculture :葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学 Enologist,Winemaker :酿酒师 Vintage :年份 Inoculation (inoculum):接种(物)MOG(ma te rial o the r than g rap e s):杂物Te rp e n e:萜烯Terpenol :萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C :法定产区葡萄酒 V.D.Q.S :优良产区葡萄酒 V.D.P:地区餐酒 V.D.T:日常餐酒第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类 Vitaceae :葡萄科 Vine :葡萄树 American Vine :美洲种葡萄Franco-american:欧美杂交种Hybrid:杂交品种Wild Grape(Vine):野生葡萄Cultivar :栽培品种Wine Grape :酿酒葡萄Table G rape :鲜食葡萄Seedless Grape :无核(籽)葡萄Grape(Vine) Variety :葡萄品种二、红葡萄品种: Cabernet Sauvignon(France) :赤霞珠 Cabernet Franc(France) :品丽珠Cabernet Gernischt(France) :蛇龙珠 Carignan :佳利酿 Sinsaut(France) :神索Gamay(France) :佳美Grenache(Spain) :歌海娜 Merlot(France) :梅鹿辄 Petit Verdot (France) :味尔多 Pinot Noir(France) :黑比诺Ruby Cabernet(America) :宝石解百纳 Sangiovese(Italy) :桑娇维塞Syrah(France) :西拉Zinfandel(America) :增芳德Muscat Hamburg:玫瑰香Saperavi(Former Soviet Union):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:Aligote(France) :阿里高特Chardonney(France) :霞多丽Chenin Blanc(France) :白诗南 Traminer(Germany) :琼瑶浆 Italian Riesling :贵人香Grey Risling :灰雷司令White Riesling(Germany) :白雷司令Muller-Thurgau(germany) :米勒Muscat Blanc :白麝香Pinot Blanc(France :)白品乐Sauvignon Blanc(France) :长相思 Selillon(France) :赛美蓉Silvaner(Germany) :西万尼 Ugni Blanc(France) :白玉霓 Folle Blanche(France) :白福尔Colombard(France) :鸽笼白 LongY a n(China,Changcheng ):龙眼Rkatsiteli (Former Soviet Union):白羽四、染色品种:Alicante Bouschet(France):紫北塞Y an 73(China,Changyu) :烟73 Y an 74(China,Changyu) :烟 74第十二部分葡萄酒品尝Taste :品尝Clarity :清澈、透明Transparent :透明的Sensation ;感觉Bitter Flavors :苦味Off-flavor, Off-smell, Odour :异味Stemmy :果梗味 Reduction Smell :还原味Oxidative S mell :氧化味Harmony :协调性Odour :气味Olfactory:嗅觉的Scent:植物香气Aroma :果香Bouquet :酒香Body :酒体Perception :感觉Amber:琥珀色的Ruby:宝石红色Tawny :黄褐色Violet:紫罗兰色Pink:紫红色Brown :褐色的 Round :圆润的Full:完整的、丰满的 Harmonious :协调的Supple :柔顺的Soft :柔软的Smooth :平滑的Mellower :醇美的Lively :充满活力的Rich :饱满的,馥郁的Fine :细腻的 Fresh :清新的 Well-balanced :平衡良好的Subtle :微妙的, 精细的Velvety :柔软的、温和的、柔顺的Fragrant :芳香的、香气幽雅的Flowery:花香的Syrupy :美妙的、甜美的 Mellow :甘美的、圆润的、松软的 Luscious :甘美的、芬芳的Tranquil :恬静的 Spicy :辛辣的Tart :尖酸的Harsh,Hard :粗糙的Lighter :清淡的、轻盈的 Thin :单薄的Flat:平淡的 Unbalanced :不平衡的 Spoiled,Unsound :败坏的Fuller :浓郁的Vinous :酒香的 Coarse :粗糙的、粗劣的Piquant :开胃的、辛辣的Tart :尖酸的、刻薄的Astringent :收敛的、苦涩的Conflict :不和谐的Stale :走味的,沉滞的Dull :呆滞的、无活力的Sulphur Taste :硫味Hydrogen Sulphide odour :硫化氢味 Taste of Lees :酒泥味Mousiness :鼠臭味Corked Taste,Corkiness,Corky :木塞味 ouldy Taste,Musty Taste :霉味Cooked T aste :老化味Resinous :树脂味Casky (Woody )Taste :橡木味,木味Smoke Taste :烟熏味Metallic Flavour :金属味 Earthy Taste :泥土味Herbaceous Taste :青草味 After Taste :后味第十三部分葡萄酒欣赏与服务Wine Bar:酒吧Sommelier:斟酒服务员Label:酒标Water Ja:r斟酒壶Wine Funnel:斟酒漏斗Decanter:细颈玻璃壶Beverage:饮料Soft Drink:软饮料Tu m b le r:大酒杯、酒桶Palate :味觉、鉴赏力Bouquet :香味Ice-Bucket :冰桶Fruity :果味的Subside :沉淀物第十四部分葡萄酒营养物质名词Nutrition :营养素Free Amino Nitrogen(FAN) :游离氨基酸氮Sterol :甾醇Vitamin :维生素 Tocopherol :VE ,生育酚 Thiamine :VB1 ,硫胺素 Flavin :黄素Riboflavin :VB2,核黄素 Nicotinic Acid :烟酸第十五部分葡萄酒分析Determination :检测 Titration :滴定 Dilute :稀释 Litmus Paper :石蕊试纸Reagent :试剂Goggle :护目镜 Flask :烧瓶Beaker :烧杯(带倾口) Distilled W ater :蒸馏水 Hydrometer :液体比重计 Refractometer :手持糖量仪 High Performance Liq uid Chro m ato g rap hy(HPLC):高效液相色谱Pap e r Ch ro m ato grap h y:纸层析法Specific Gravity :比重Sodium H ydroxide :氢氧化钠(NaOH ) PotassiumHydrogen Phthalate :邻苯二甲酸氢钾 Phenolphthalein :酚酞 Pipette :移液管 Erlenmeyer Flask :锥形烧瓶Activated Charcoal :活性碳Whatman Filter Paper :沃特曼滤纸PH-meter :PH 计 Titration End-point :滴定终点 Buffer Solution :缓冲液 PotassiumHydrogen Tartrate :酒石酸氢钾Calibrate :校准 Electrode :电极 Starch Indicator :淀粉指示剂 Sulphuric Acid:硫酸 Pyrex Beaker :耐热烧杯Potassium Iodide :碘化钾(KI)Sodium Thiosulphate :硫代硫酸钠( NaS2SO3 )Hydrogen Peroxide :过氧化氢(H2O2 ) Orthophosphoric Acid :正磷酸Methyl-red :甲基红Ebullioscope(Ebullimeter) :酒精计 Thermometer :温度计 Pycnometer :比重瓶Formic Acid :甲酸(蚁酸) SodiumFormate :甲酸钠 Bromophenol Blue :溴酚蓝 Agar Plating :琼脂平板培养基Chocolate Agar :巧克力琼脂Corn Meal Agar :玉米粉琼脂Egg A lbumin Agar :卵蛋白琼脂Glycerin Agar :甘油琼脂Malt Agar :麦芽汁琼脂 (培养基) Nutrient Agar :营养琼脂 Plain Agar :普通琼脂 Starch Agar :淀粉琼脂Pot ato-d e xtro se Ag ar(P.D.A):土豆-葡萄糖培养基Autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅Pe tri Dishes:灭菌盘Low-magnification Microscope :低倍显微镜Micro-loop :接种环Micro-needle :接种针 Alcohol Lamp :酒精灯第十六部分葡萄酒病害Copper Casse :铜破败病Ferric Casse :铁破败病 Proteinic Ca s s e :蛋白质破败病Blue Casse :蓝色破败病White Casse :白色破败病Oxidasic Casse :氧化酶破败病Micobial Disease :细菌病害 Mannitic Disease :甘露醇病。
葡萄酒专业词汇中英文对照第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产) Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒V odka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法) Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法) Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle aging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土) Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1) Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶) Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应V olatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机) Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机) Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机) CrossFiltration(filter):错流过滤(机) Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机) Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机) Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机) Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚) Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶) Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物) MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒德国:1. Tafelwein:日常餐酒;2. Landwein:地区餐酒;3. Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4. Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。
葡萄酒基础专业词汇中英文对照————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry redwine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Stillwine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonatedwine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grapebrandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法) Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wildyeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dryactivity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle aging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏FractionalDistillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residulsugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸Sulfurdioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Freesulfurdioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇HighAlcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethylacetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallicacid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应VolatilePhenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:?牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚CarbohydrateDegradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reductionPotential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机) Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative AgeingMethod:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal CrownLid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药GrapeNursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病FanLeaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病MildPowder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分: 学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物) MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒德国:1. Tafelwein:日常餐酒;2. Landwein:地区餐酒;3.Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4. Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。
葡萄酒专业词汇总览(英汉对照)第一部分葡萄酒分类Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒BDX:波尔多红酒Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Brandy:白兰地Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Cider:苹果酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Cocktail:鸡尾酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Mistelle:密甜尔Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)Rum:朗姆酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Spirit:酒精,烈酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Vermouth:味美思Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Wine Cooler:清爽酒第二部分酿酒微生物Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Bacteria:细菌Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast:酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮第三部分生理生化过程Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Amelioration:原料改良Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿Chaptalization:加糖Charmat method:罐式香槟法Clarification:澄清Distillation:蒸馏Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Esterify:酯化Evaporation:蒸发Fractional Distillation:分馏Heterofermentation:异型发酵Liquefy:溶解、液化Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Photosynthesis:光合作用Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Rectification:精馏Saccharify:糖化Saturation:饱和Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Transpiration:蒸腾作用Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Veraison:转色期Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Albumen:蛋白Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Blood powder:血粉Capsule:胶帽Casein:酪蛋白Egg white:蛋清Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Pectin:果胶酶Pigment:颜料、色素Silica gel:硅胶Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔第五部分理化指标Calcium(Ca):钙Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Copper(Cu):铜Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Residul sugar:残糖Sodium(Na):钠Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Volatile acid:挥发酸第六部分物质名词Acetic Acid:乙酸Activated carbon:活性碳Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Amino Acid:氨基酸Ammonium Salt:铵盐Amylase:淀粉酶Anthocyanin:花青素Aroma:果香Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Bacteriophage:噬菌体Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Body:酒体Bulk wine:原酒Butanol:丁醇Byproduct:副产物Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Carbonic Acid:碳酸Catechins:儿茶酚Cellulose:纤维素Chateau:酒庄Citric Acid:柠檬酸Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Desired tannins:优质单宁Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Enzyme:酶Ester:酯类物质Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Eugenol:丁香酚Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Fixed Acid:固定酸Flavonol:黄酮醇Foam:泡沫Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Gallic acid:没食子酸Gastric Acid:胃酸Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Glycine:甘油Guaiacol:愈创木酚Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Hemicellulose:半纤维素High Alcohol:高级醇Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Hygiene:卫生Invert Sugar 转化糖Isobutanol:正丁醇Laccase:漆酶Lactic Acid:乳酸Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Lees:酒泥Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应Melanoidinen:类黑精Malic Acid:苹果酸Maltol:落叶松皮素Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Mercaptan:硫醇Methanol:甲醇Nitrogen:氮气Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Oxygen:氧气Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Phospholipids:磷脂Polyalcohol:多元醇Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Poly-phenols:多酚Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶Polysaccharides:水解多糖Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Propanone:丙酮Protein:蛋白质PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子Raw wine:原酒Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Sorbic acid:山梨酸Starch :淀粉Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Tannin:单宁Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Virus:病毒Volatile Phenols:挥发性酚β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶第七部分:设备Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Blanket:隔氧层Blending:调配Bottling Line:灌装线Cellar:酒窖Centrifuge:离心机Condenser:冷凝器Cork:软木塞Corkscrew:开瓶器Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Crusher:破碎机Deacidification:降酸Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Destemer:除梗机Distillation:蒸馏Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Filter:过滤机Filtrate(filtration):过滤Fining:下胶Headspace:顶空Heat Exchanger:热交换器Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Mix colors:调色NTU:浊度Optical Density(OD):光密度Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Pomace Draining:出渣Presser:压榨机Pump over:循环Receiving bin:接收槽Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Remuage:吐渣Rotary Machine:转瓶机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Screw Pump:螺杆泵Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Stabilization:稳定性Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Two-way Pump:双向泵Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Anthracnose:炭疽病Bird Damage:鸟害Black Rotten:黑腐病Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Botrytis:灰霉病Cluster:果穗Disease:病害Downy Mildew:霜霉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Fungicide:真菌剂Graft:嫁接苗Grafting:嫁接Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Herbicide:除草剂Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Microclimate:微气候Mild Powder:灰腐病Nematode:线虫Noble rot:贵腐病Nursery:营养钵Pearls:皮尔斯病Pest:昆虫Pesticide:杀虫剂Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Powdery Mildew:白粉病Rachis:穗轴Rootstock:砧木Seedling:自根苗Scion:接穗Variety:品种第九部分:学科名词Ampelography:葡萄品种学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Pomology:果树学Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Vintage:年份Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类American Vine:美洲种葡萄Cultivar:栽培品种Franco-american:欧美杂交种Grape(Vine) Variety:葡萄品种Hybrid:杂交品种Seedless Grape:无核(籽)葡萄Table Grape:鲜食葡萄Vine:葡萄树Vitaceae:葡萄科Wild Grape(Vine):野生葡萄Wine Grape:酿酒葡萄二、红葡萄品种:Cabernet Sauvignon(France):赤霞珠Cabernet Franc(France):品丽珠Cabernet Gernischt(France) :蛇龙珠Carignan:佳利酿Sinsaut(France) :神索Gamay(France) :佳美Grenache(Spain) :歌海娜Merlot(France) :梅鹿辄Petit Verdot (France) :味尔多Pinot Noir(France) :黑比诺Ruby Cabernet(America) :宝石解百纳Sangiovese(Italy) :桑娇维塞Syrah(France) :西拉Zinfandel(America) :增芳德Muscat Hamburg:玫瑰香Saperavi(Former Soviet Union):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:Aligote(France) :阿里高特Chardonney(France) :霞多丽Chenin Blanc(France) :白诗南Traminer(Germany) :琼瑶浆Italian Riesling:贵人香Grey Risling:灰雷司令White Riesling(Germany) :白雷司令Muller-Thurgau(germany) :米勒Muscat Blanc:白麝香Pinot Blanc(France:)白品乐Sauvignon Blanc(France) :长相思Selillon(France) :赛美蓉Silvaner(Germany) :西万尼Ugni Blanc(France) :白玉霓Folle Blanche(France) :白福尔Colombard(France) :鸽笼白Long Yan(China,Changcheng):龙眼Rkatsiteli (Former Soviet Union):白羽四、染色品种:Alicante Bouschet(France) :紫北塞Yan 73(China,Changyu) :烟73Yan 74(China,Changyu) :烟74第十二部分葡萄酒品尝Taste:品尝Clarity:清澈、透明Transparent:透明的Sensation;感觉Bitter Flavors:苦味Off-flavor, Off-smell, Odour:异味Stemmy:果梗味Reduction Smell:还原味Oxidative Smell:氧化味Harmony:协调性Odour:气味Olfactory:嗅觉的Scent:植物香气Aroma:果香Bouquet:酒香Body:酒体Perception:感觉Amber:琥珀色的Ruby:宝石红色Tawny:黄褐色Violet:紫罗兰色Pink:紫红色Brown:褐色的Round:圆润的Full:完整的、丰满的Harmonious:协调的Supple:柔顺的Soft:柔软的Smooth:平滑的Mellower:醇美的Lively:充满活力的Rich:饱满的,馥郁的Fine:细腻的Fresh:清新的Well-balanced:平衡良好的Subtle:微妙的, 精细的Velvety:柔软的、温和的、柔顺的Fragrant:芳香的、香气幽雅的Flowery:花香的Syrupy:美妙的、甜美的Mellow:甘美的、圆润的、松软的Luscious:甘美的、芬芳的Tranquil:恬静的Spicy:辛辣的Harsh,Hard:粗糙的Lighter:清淡的、轻盈的Thin:单薄的Flat:平淡的Unbalanced:不平衡的Spoiled,Unsound:败坏的Fuller:浓郁的Vinous:酒香的Coarse:粗糙的、粗劣的Piquant:开胃的、辛辣的Tart:尖酸的、刻薄的Astringent:收敛的、苦涩的Conflict:不和谐的Stale:走味的,沉滞的Dull:呆滞的、无活力的Sulphur Taste:硫味Hydrogen Sulphide odour:硫化氢味Taste of Lees:酒泥味Mousiness:鼠臭味Corked Taste,Corkiness,Corky:木塞味ouldy Taste,Musty Taste:霉味Cooked Taste:老化味Resinous:树脂味Casky (Woody )Taste:橡木味,木味Smoke Taste:烟熏味Metallic Flavour:金属味Earthy Taste:泥土味Herbaceous Taste:青草味After Taste:后味第十三部分葡萄酒欣赏与服务Wine Bar:酒吧Sommelier:斟酒服务员Label:酒标Water Jar:斟酒壶Wine Funnel:斟酒漏斗Decanter:细颈玻璃壶Beverage:饮料Soft Drink:软饮料Tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶Palate:味觉、鉴赏力Bouquet:香味Ice-Bucket:冰桶Subside:沉淀物第十四部分葡萄酒营养物质名词Nutrition:营养素Free Amino Nitrogen(FAN) :游离氨基酸氮Sterol:甾醇Vitamin:维生素Tocopherol:VE,生育酚Thiamine:VB1,硫胺素Flavin:黄素Riboflavin:VB2,核黄素Nicotinic Acid:烟酸第十五部分葡萄酒分析Determination:检测Titration:滴定Dilute:稀释Litmus Paper:石蕊试纸Reagent:试剂Goggle:护目镜Flask:烧瓶Beaker:烧杯(带倾口)Distilled Water:蒸馏水Hydrometer:液体比重计Refractometer:手持糖量仪High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC):高效液相色谱Paper Chromatography:纸层析法Specific Gravity:比重Sodium Hydroxide:氢氧化钠(NaOH)Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate:邻苯二甲酸氢钾Phenolphthalein:酚酞Pipette:移液管Erlenmeyer Flask:锥形烧瓶Activated Charcoal:活性碳Whatman Filter Paper:沃特曼滤纸PH-meter:PH计Titration End-point:滴定终点Buffer Solution:缓冲液Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate:酒石酸氢钾Calibrate:校准Electrode:电极Starch Indicator:淀粉指示剂Sulphuric Acid:硫酸Pyrex Beaker:耐热烧杯Potassium Iodide:碘化钾(KI)Sodium Thiosulphate:硫代硫酸钠(NaS2SO3)Hydrogen Peroxide:过氧化氢(H2O2)Orthophosphoric Acid:正磷酸Methyl-red:甲基红Ebullioscope(Ebullimeter):酒精计Thermometer:温度计Pycnometer:比重瓶Formic Acid:甲酸(蚁酸)Sodium Formate:甲酸钠Bromophenol Blue:溴酚蓝Agar Plating:琼脂平板培养基Chocolate Agar:巧克力琼脂Corn Meal Agar:玉米粉琼脂Egg Albumin Agar:卵蛋白琼脂Glycerin Agar:甘油琼脂Malt Agar:麦芽汁琼脂(培养基)Nutrient Agar:营养琼脂Plain Agar:普通琼脂Starch Agar:淀粉琼脂Potato-dextrose Agar(P.D.A):土豆-葡萄糖培养基Autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅Petri Dishes:灭菌盘Low-magnification Microscope:低倍显微镜Micro-loop:接种环Micro-needle:接种针Alcohol Lamp:酒精灯第十六部分葡萄酒病害Copper Casse:铜破败病Ferric Casse:铁破败病Proteinic Casse:蛋白质破败病Blue Casse:蓝色破败病White Casse:白色破败病Oxidasic Casse:氧化酶破败病Micobial Disease:细菌病害Mannitic Disease:甘露醇病第十七部分葡萄酒口味英语词汇ACCESSIBLE(已可饮用)——已经可以品尝的酒;适饮期的酒;不需储藏的新酒,成熟的老酒和比预期早熟的酒。
葡萄酒专业词汇中英文对照第一部分葡萄酒分类Dryredwine:干红葡萄酒Semi-drywine:半干葡萄酒Drywhitewine:干白葡萄酒Rosewine:桃红葡萄酒Sweetwine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweetwine:半甜葡萄酒Stillwine:静止葡萄酒Sparklingwine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytisedwine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortifiedwine:加强葡萄酒Flavoredwine:加香葡萄酒Brutwine:天然葡萄酒Carbonatedwine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizerwine(Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Tablewine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessertwine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔WineCooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruitbrandy:水果白兰地PomaceBrandy:果渣白兰地Grapebrandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France):科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France):阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain):雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese):波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wildyeast:野生酵母Yeasthulls:酵母菌皮Dryactivityyeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolacticbacteria(MLB):乳酸菌Lacticacidbacteria(LAB):乳酸菌Aceticacidbacteria:醋酸菌Spoilageyeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用MaillardReaction:麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholicfermentation(AF):酒精发酵Stuck(Sluggish)Fermentation:发酵停滞PrimaryFermentation:前发酵,主发酵SecondaryFermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolacticfermentation(MLF):苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-AlcoholFermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵MethodeCharantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法MacerationCarbonique:CO2浸渍发酵Wholebunchfermentation:CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasismethod:宝祖利酿造法Unareobicfermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmatmethod:罐式香槟法Enzymaticbrowning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Surlies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottleaging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏FractionalDistillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽TinPlat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silicagel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Eggwhite:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Bloodpowder:血粉第五部分理化指标Totalacid:总酸Titrableacid:滴定酸Residulsugar:残糖Carbondioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-freeextract:干浸出物Volatileacid:挥发酸Sulfurdioxide:二氧化硫Totalsulfurdioxide:总二氧化硫Freesulfurdioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇HighAlcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethylacetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油CalciumPectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇GastricAcid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮AceticAcid:乙酸FormicAcid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂AminoAcid:氨基酸FattyAcid:脂肪酸CarbonicAcid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物FixedAcid:固定酸TartaricAcid:酒石酸MalicAcid:苹果酸CitricAcid:柠檬酸LacticAcid:乳酸SuccinicAcid:琥珀酸Sorbicacid:山梨酸Ascorbicacid:抗坏血酸Benzylacid:苯甲酸Gallicacid:没食子酸FerulicAcid:阿魏酸Pcoumaricacid:香豆酸Glucose,Dextrose,GrapeSugar:葡萄糖Fructose,FruitSugar:果糖CaneSugar,ShortSweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch:淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)AmmoniumSalt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Coppercitrate:柠檬酸铜Coppersulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogensulphide:硫化氢Oak(barrel):橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚LowFlavourThreshold:香味阈值MaillardReaction:美拉德反应VolatilePhenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranicacid:丙酮酸FuranAldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚CarbohydrateDegradationProducts:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素OakLactone:橡木内酯HydrolysableTannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素RelativeAstringency(RA):相对涩性LagicAcid:鞣花酸PolypetideNitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reductionPotential:氧化还原电位CondencedPhenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol,ethanol:乙醇InvertSugar转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物PotassiumBitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾PotassiumSorbate:山梨酸钾DiammoniumPhosphate:磷酸氢二铵PotassiumMeta-bisulfite(K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oaktannins:橡木丹宁Undesired(Excessive)Tannins:劣质单宁Desiredtannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶PolyphenolOxidase(PPO):多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulkwine、Rawwine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activatedcarbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-wayPump:双向泵ScrewPump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏HeatExchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机AtmospherePresser:气囊压榨机ScrewPresser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机BottlingLine:灌装线PlateFiltration(filter):板框过滤(机)VacuumFiltration(filter):真空过滤(机)DepthFiltration(filter):深层过滤(机)CrossFiltration(filter):错流过滤(机)MembraneFiltration(filter):膜过滤(机)SterileFiltration(filter):除菌过滤(机)PocketFiltration(filter):袋滤(机)RotaryMachine:转瓶机PomaceDraining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pumpover:循环SkinContact:浸皮(渍)Mixcolors:调色OxidativeAgeingMethod:氧化陈酿法ReducingAgeingMethod:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receivingbin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器DistillingColumn:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器HeatExchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖WineShowroom:葡萄酒陈列室OpticalDensity(OD):光密度MetalCrownLid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药GrapeNursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病DownyMildew:霜霉病PowderyMildew:白粉病FanLeaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病MildPowder:灰腐病BlackRotten:黑腐病Noblerot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫BirdDamage:鸟害Pest:昆虫LimeSulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeauxmixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学WineChemistry葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(materialotherthangrapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:德国:1.Tafelwein:日常餐酒;ndwein:地区餐酒;3.QualitaetsweinbestimmterAnbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4.QualitaetsweinmitPraedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。
葡萄酒专业词汇中英文对照第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle aging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清。
葡萄酒专业词汇第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠葡萄酒专业术语集锦酸味——存在于所有的葡萄中,是保存葡萄酒的必须组成部分。
葡萄酒专业词汇英汉对照第一部分葡萄酒分类[[category:D]]Dry red wine 干红葡萄酒[[category:S]]Semi-dry wine 半干葡萄酒[[category:D]]Dry white wine 干白葡萄酒[[category:R]]Rose wine 桃红葡萄酒[[category:S]]Sweet wine 甜型葡萄酒[[category:S]]Semi-sweet wine 半甜葡萄酒[[category:S]]Still wine 静止葡萄酒[[category:S]]Sparkling wine 起泡葡萄酒[[category:c]]Claret 新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)[[category:b]]Botrytised wine 贵腐葡萄酒[[category:F]]Fortified wine 加强葡萄酒[[category:F]]Flavored wine 加香葡萄酒[[category:b]]Brutwine 天然葡萄酒[[category:c]]Carbonated wine 加气起泡葡萄酒[[category:a]]Appetizer wine(Aperitif) 开胃葡萄酒[[category:T]]Table wine 佐餐葡萄酒[[category:D]]Dessert wine 餐后葡萄酒[[category:c]]Champagne 香槟酒[[category:V]]Vermouth 味美思[[category:b]]Beaujolasis 宝祖利酒Mistelle 密甜尔[[category:W]]Wine Cooler 清爽酒[[category:c]]Cider 苹果酒[[category:b]]Brandy 白兰地[[category:F]]Fruit brandy 水果白兰地[[category:P]]Pomace Brandy 果渣白兰地[[category:G]]Grape brandy 葡萄白兰地[[category:L]]Liquor(Liqueur)利口酒[[category:G]]Gin 金酒(杜松子酒)[[category:R]]Rum 朗姆酒[[category:c]]Cocktail 鸡尾酒[[category:V]]Vodka 伏特加[[category:W]]Whisky 威士忌[[category:S]]Spirit 酒精,烈酒[[category:c]]Cognac(France) 科尼亚克白兰地(法)[[category:a]]Armagnac(France) 阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)[[category:S]]Sherry(Spain) 雪莉酒(西班牙)[[category:P]]Port(Portuguese) 波特酒(葡萄牙)[[category:b]]BDX 波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物[[category:Y]]Yeast 酵母[[category:W]]Wild yeast 野生酵母Yeast hulls 酵母菌皮[[category:D]]Dry activity yeast 活性干酵母[[category:b]]Bacteria 细菌[[category:M]]Malolactic bacteria(MLB) 乳酸菌[[category:L]]Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) 乳酸菌[[category:a]]Acetic acid bacteria 醋酸菌[[category:S]]Spoilage yeast 败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程[[category:T]]Transpiration 蒸腾作用[[category:E]]Evaporation 蒸发[[category:P]]Photosynthesis 光合作用[[category:M]]Maillard Reaction 麦拉德反应[[category:V]]Veraison 转色期[[category:S]]Saturation 饱和[[category:a]]Alcoholic fermentation(AF) 酒精发酵[[category:S]]Stuck(Sluggish) Fermentation 发酵停滞[[category:P]]Primary Fermentation 前发酵,主发酵[[category:S]]Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵[[category:H]]Heterofermentation 异型发酵[[category:M]]Malolactic fermentation(MLF) 苹果酸-乳酸发酵[[category:M]]Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF) 苹果酸-酒精发酵[[category:M]]MethodeCharantaise 夏朗德壶式蒸馏法[[category:M]]Maceration Carbonique CO2浸渍发酵[[category:W]]Wholebunch fermentation CO2浸渍发酵[[category:b]]Beaujolasismethod 宝祖利酿造法[[category:U]]Unareobic fermentation 厌氧发酵法[[category:T]]Thermovinification 热浸渍酿造法[[category:c]]Charmat method 罐式香槟法[[category:E]]Enzymatic browning 酶促褐变[[category:a]]Acetification 酸败[[category:a]]Ageing 陈酿[[category:S]]Surlies 带酒脚陈酿[[category:E]]Esterify 酯化[[category:S]]Saccharify 糖化[[category:L]]Liquefy 溶解、液化[[category:b]]Bottle aging 瓶内陈酿[[category:a]]Amelioration 原料改良[[category:c]]Chaptalization 加糖[[category:D]]Distillation 蒸馏[[category:F]]Fractional Distillation 分馏[[category:R]]Rectification 精馏[[category:c]]Clarification 澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料[[category:b]]Betonite 膨润土(皂土)[[category:K]]Kieselgur,diatomite 硅藻土[[category:c]]Capsule 胶帽[[category:T]]TinPlat、Foil 锡箔[[category:P]]Pigment 颜料、色素[[category:c]]Casein 酪蛋白[[category:P]]Pectin 果胶酶[[category:S]]Silica gel 硅胶[[category:G]]Gelatin 明胶[[category:I]]Isinglass 鱼胶[[category:E]]Egg white 蛋清[[category:a]]Albumen 蛋白[[category:b]]Blood powder 血粉第五部分理化指标[[category:T]]Total acid 总酸[[category:T]]Titrable acid 滴定酸[[category:R]]Residul sugar 残糖[[category:c]]Carbondi oxide 二氧化碳[[category:S]]Sugar-free extract 干浸出物[[category:V]]Volatile acid 挥发酸[[category:S]]Sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫[[category:T]]Total sulfur dioxide 总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide 游离二氧化硫[[category:c]]Copper(Cu)铜[[category:I]]Iron(Fe)铁[[category:P]]Potassium 钾(K)[[category:c]]Calcium(Ca)钙[[category:S]]Sodium(Na)钠第六部分物质名词[[category:M]]Methanol 甲醇[[category:H]]High Alcohol 高级醇[[category:P]]Polyalcohol 多元醇[[category:E]]Ethylacetate 乙酸乙酯[[category:F]]Flavonol 黄酮醇[[category:G]]Glycine 甘油[[category:c]]Calcium Pectate 果胶酸钙[[category:O]]Ochratoxin 棕曲霉毒素[[category:b]]Butanol 丁醇[[category:I]]Isobutanol 正丁醇[[category:G]]Gastric Acid 胃酸[[category:P]]Propanone 丙酮[[category:a]]Acetic Acid 乙酸[[category:F]]Formic Acid 甲酸,蚁酸[[category:P]]Phospholipids 磷脂Amino Acid 氨基酸[[category:F]]Fatty Acid 脂肪酸[[category:c]]Carbonic Acid 碳酸[[category:c]]Carbohydrate 碳水化合物[[category:F]]Fixed Acid 固定酸[[category:T]]Tartaric Acid 酒石酸[[category:M]]Malic Acid 苹果酸[[category:c]]Citric Acid 柠檬酸[[category:L]]Lactic Acid 乳酸[[category:S]]Succinic Acid 琥珀酸[[category:S]]Sorbic acid 山梨酸[[category:a]]Ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸[[category:b]]Benzyl acid 苯甲酸[[category:G]]Gallic acid 没食子酸[[category:F]]Ferulic Acid 阿魏酸[[category:P]]Pcoumaric acid 香豆酸[[category:G]]Glucose,Dextrose,GrapeSugar 葡萄糖[[category:F]]Fructose,Fruit Sugar 果糖[[category:c]]Cane Sugar,Short Sweetening 蔗糖[[category:P]]Polysaccharides 水解多糖[[category:S]]Starch 淀粉[[category:a]]Amylase 淀粉酶Foam 泡沫[[category:P]]Protein 蛋白质[[category:M]]Mercaptan 硫醇[[category:T]]Thiamine 硫胺(VB1)[[category:a]]Ammonium Salt 铵盐[[category:M]]Melanoidinen 类黑精[[category:G]]Glycerol 甘油,丙三醇[[category:c]]Copper citrate 柠檬酸铜[[category:c]]Copper sulphate 硫酸铜[[category:H]]Hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢[[category:O]]Oak(barrel) 橡木(桶)[[category:c]]Catechins 儿茶酚[[category:L]]Low Flavour Threshold 香味阈值[[category:M]]Maillard Reaction 美拉德反应[[category:V]]Volatile Phenols 挥发性酚[[category:V]]Vanillan 香子兰[[category:V]]Vanillin 香草醛,香兰素[[category:L]]Linalool 里那醇,沉香醇[[category:G]]Geroniol 牻牛儿醇,香茅醇[[category:P]]Pyranic acid 丙酮酸[[category:F]]Furan Aldehydes 呋喃醛[[category:E]]Eugenol 丁香酚[[category:G]]Guaiacol 愈创木酚[[category:c]]Carbohydrate Degradation Products 碳水化合物降解物[[category:c]]Cellulose 纤维素[[category:H]]Hemicellulose 半纤维素[[category:H]]Hemicellulase 半纤维素酶[[category:M]]Maltol 落叶松皮素[[category:O]]Oak Lactone 橡木内酯[[category:H]]HydrolysableT annins 水解单宁[[category:E]]Ellagitannins 鞣花单宁[[category:P]]Proanthocyanidin 原花色素[[category:R]]Relative Astringency(RA) 相对涩性[[category:L]]Lagic Acid 鞣花酸[[category:P]]Polypetide Nitrogen 多肽氮[[category:O]]Oxido-reduction Potential 氧化还原电位[[category:c]]Condenced Phenols 聚合多酚[[category:P]]Poly-phenols 多酚[[category:P]]PVP(P)聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮[[category:a]]Anthocyanin 花青素[[category:a]]Alcohol, ethanol 乙醇[[category:I]]Invert Sugar转化糖[[category:O]]Oxygen 氧气[[category:E]]Ester 酯类物质[[category:N]]Nitrogen 氮气[[category:a]]Aroma 果香[[category:V]]Virus 病毒[[category:b]]Bacteriophage 噬菌体[[category:b]]Body 酒体[[category:b]]Byproduct 副产物[[category:P]]Potassium Bitartrate(KHT)酒石酸氢钾[[category:P]]PotassiumSorbate 山梨酸钾[[category:D]]Diammonium Phosphate 磷酸氢二铵[[category:P]]Potassium Meta-bisulfite(K2S2O5) 偏重亚硫酸钾[[category:T]]T annin 单宁[[category:O]]Oak tannins 橡木丹宁[[category:U]]Undesired(Excessive)T annins 劣质单宁[[category:D]]Desired tannins 优质单宁[[category:E]]Enzyme 酶[[category:L]]Laccase 漆酶[[category:P]]Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) 多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase β-葡聚糖酶[[category:M]]Mannoproteins 甘露糖蛋白[[category:L]]Lees 酒泥[[category:c]]Chateau 酒庄[[category:b]]Bulkwine、Rawwine 原酒[[category:H]]Hygiene 卫生[[category:a]]Activated carbon 活性碳[[category:c]]Currant 茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干[[category:R]]Raspberry 木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分设备[[category:F]]Filtrate(filtration) 过滤[[category:T]]Two-way Pump 双向泵[[category:S]]Screw Pump 螺杆泵[[category:c]]Centrifuge 离心机[[category:D]]Distillation 蒸馏[[category:H]]Heat Exchanger 热交换器[[category:c]]Crusher 破碎机[[category:D]]Destemer 除梗机[[category:P]]Presser 压榨机[[category:a]]Atmosphere Presser 气囊压榨机[[category:S]]Screw Presser 连续压榨机[[category:F]]Filter 过滤机[[category:b]]BottlingLine 灌装线[[category:P]]Plate Filtration(filter)板框过滤(机)[[category:V]]Vacuum Filtration(filter)真空过滤(机)[[category:D]]Depth Filtration(filter)深层过滤(机)[[category:c]]Cross Filtration(filter)错流过滤(机)[[category:M]]Membrane Filtration(filter)膜过滤(机)[[category:S]]Sterile Filtration(filter)除菌过滤(机)[[category:P]]Pocket Filtration(filter)袋滤(机)[[category:R]]Rotary Machine 转瓶机[[category:P]]Pomace Draining 出渣[[category:b]]Blending 调配[[category:R]]Racking 分离(皮渣、酒脚)[[category:D]]Decanting 倒灌(瓶)[[category:R]]Remuage 吐渣[[category:F]]Fining 下胶[[category:D]]Deacidification 降酸[[category:P]]Pumpover 循环[[category:S]]Skin Contact 浸皮(渍)[[category:M]]Mixcolors 调色[[category:O]]Oxidative Ageing Method 氧化陈酿法[[category:R]]Reducing Ageing Method 还原陈酿法[[category:S]]Stabilization 稳定性[[category:U]]Ullage 未盛满酒的罐(桶)[[category:H]]Headspace 顶空[[category:N]]NTU 浊度[[category:R]]Receiving bin 接收槽[[category:c]]Corkscrew 开瓶器[[category:D]]Distilling Column 蒸馏塔[[category:c]]Condenser 冷凝器[[category:H]]Heat Exchanger 热交换器[[category:c]]Cork 软木塞[[category:c]]Cellar 酒窖[[category:W]]Wine Show room 葡萄酒陈列室[[category:O]]Optical Density(OD)光密度[[category:M]]Metal Crown Lid 皇冠盖[[category:b]]Blanket 隔氧层[[category:P]] Pasteurisation 巴斯德杀菌法第八部分原料、病虫害、农药[[category:G]]Grape Nursery 葡萄苗圃[[category:G]]Graft 嫁接苗[[category:S]]Scion 接穗[[category:S]]Seedling 自根苗[[category:D]]Disease 病害[[category:b]]Botrytis 灰霉病[[category:D]]Downy Mildew 霜霉病[[category:P]]Powdery Mildew 白粉病[[category:F]]Fan Leaf 扇叶病毒病[[category:a]]Anthracnose 炭疽病[[category:M]]Mild Powder 灰腐病[[category:b]]Black Rotten 黑腐病[[category:N]]Noblerot 贵腐病[[category:P]]Pearls 皮尔斯病[[category:P]] Phylloxera 根瘤蚜[[category:N]] Nematode 线虫[[category:b]]Bird Damage 鸟害[[category:P]]Pest 昆虫[[category:L]]Lime Sulphur 石硫合剂[[category:N]]Nursery 营养钵[[category:H]]Herbicide 除草剂[[category:P]]Pesticide 杀虫剂[[category:F]]Fungicide 真菌剂[[category:b]]Bordeaux mixture 波尔多液[[category:M]] Microclimate 微气候[[category:V]]Variety 品种[[category:c]]Cluster 果穗[[category:R]]Rachis 穗轴[[category:S]]Scion 接穗[[category:R]]Rootstock 砧木[[category:G]]Grafting 嫁接第九部分学科名词[[category:E]]Enology 葡萄酒酿造学[[category:P]]Pomology 果树学[[category:V]]Vinification 葡萄酒酿造法[[category:W]]Wine-making 葡萄酒酿造[[category:a]]Ampelography 葡萄品种学[[category:V]]Viniculture 葡萄栽培学[[category:W]]Wine Chemistry葡萄酒化学[[category:E]]Enologist,Winemaker 酿酒师[[category:V]]Vintage 年份[[category:I]]Inoculation(inoculum)接种(物)[[category:M]]MOG(materialotherthangrapes)杂物[[category:T]]Terpene 萜烯[[category:T]]Terpenol 萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国[[category:a]]A.O.C 法定产区葡萄酒[[category:V]]V.D.Q.S 优良产区葡萄酒[[category:V]]V.D.P 地区餐酒[[category:V]]V.D.T 日常餐酒德国1.T afelwein 日常餐酒;ndwein 地区餐酒;3.QualitaetsweinbestimmterAnbaugebiete 简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4.QualitaetsweinmitPraedikat 简称QmP,特别优质酒。
葡萄酒专业词汇第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒V odka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2 浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2 浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物V olatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应V olatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类Vitaceae:葡萄科Vine:葡萄树American Vine:美洲种葡萄Franco-american:欧美杂交种Hybrid:杂交品种Wild Grape(Vine):野生葡萄Cultivar:栽培品种Wine Grape:酿酒葡萄Table Grape:鲜食葡萄Seedless Grape:无核(籽)葡萄Grape(Vine) Variety:葡萄品种二、红葡萄品种:Cabernet Sauvignon(France):赤霞珠Cabernet Franc(France):品丽珠Cabernet Gernischt(France) :蛇龙珠Carignan:佳利酿Sinsaut(France) :神索Gamay(France) :佳美Grenache(Spain) :歌海娜Merlot(France) :梅鹿辄Petit Verdot (France) :味尔多Pinot Noir(France) :黑比诺Ruby Cabernet(America) :宝石解百纳Sangiovese(Italy) :桑娇维塞Syrah(France) :西拉Zinfandel(America) :增芳德Muscat Hamburg:玫瑰香Saperavi(Former Soviet Union):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:Aligote(France) :阿里高特Chardonney(France) :霞多丽Chenin Blanc(France) :白诗南Traminer(Germany) :琼瑶浆Italian Riesling:贵人香Grey Risling:灰雷司令White Riesling(Germany) :白雷司令Muller-Thurgau(germany) :米勒Muscat Blanc:白麝香Pinot Blanc(France:)白品乐Sauvignon Blanc(France) :长相思Selillon(France) :赛美蓉Silvaner(Germany) :西万尼Ugni Blanc(France) :白玉霓Folle Blanche(France) :白福尔Colombard(France) :鸽笼白Long Yan(China,Changcheng):龙眼Rkatsiteli (Former Soviet Union):白羽四、染色品种:Alicante Bouschet(France) :紫北塞Yan 73(China,Changyu) :烟73 Yan 74(China,Changyu) :烟74第十二部分葡萄酒品尝Taste:品尝Clarity:清澈、透明Transparent:透明的Sensation;感觉Bitter Flavors:苦味Off-flavor, Off-smell, Odour:异味Stemmy:果梗味Reduction Smell:还原味Oxidative Smell:氧化味Harmony:协调性Odour:气味Olfactory:嗅觉的Scent:植物香气Aroma:果香Bouquet:酒香Body:酒体Perception:感觉Amber:琥珀色的Ruby:宝石红色Tawny:黄褐色Violet:紫罗兰色Pink:紫红色Brown:褐色的Round:圆润的Full:完整的、丰满的Harmonious:协调的Supple:柔顺的Soft:柔软的Smooth:平滑的Mellower:醇美的Lively:充满活力的Rich:饱满的,馥郁的Fine:细腻的Fresh:清新的Well-balanced:平衡良好的Subtle:微妙的, 精细的Velvety:柔软的、温和的、柔顺的Fragrant:芳香的、香气幽雅的Flowery:花香的Syrupy:美妙的、甜美的Mellow:甘美的、圆润的、松软的Luscious:甘美的、芬芳的Tranquil:恬静的Spicy:辛辣的Tart:尖酸的Harsh,Hard:粗糙的Lighter:清淡的、轻盈的Thin:单薄的Flat:平淡的Unbalanced:不平衡的Spoiled,Unsound:败坏的Fuller:浓郁的Vinous:酒香的Coarse:粗糙的、粗劣的Piquant:开胃的、辛辣的Tart:尖酸的、刻薄的Astringent:收敛的、苦涩的Conflict:不和谐的Stale:走味的,沉滞的Dull:呆滞的、无活力的Sulphur Taste:硫味Hydrogen Sulphide odour:硫化氢味Taste of Lees:酒泥味Mousiness:鼠臭味Corked Taste,Corkiness,Corky:木塞味ouldy Taste,Musty Taste:霉味Cooked Taste:老化味Resinous:树脂味Casky (Woody )Taste:橡木味,木味Smoke Taste:烟熏味Metallic Flavour:金属味Earthy Taste:泥土味Herbaceous Taste:青草味After Taste:后味第十三部分葡萄酒欣赏与服务Wine Bar:酒吧Sommelier:斟酒服务员Label:酒标Water Jar:斟酒壶Wine Funnel:斟酒漏斗Decanter:细颈玻璃壶Beverage:饮料Soft Drink:软饮料Tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶Palate:味觉、鉴赏力Bouquet:香味Ice-Bucket:冰桶Fruity:果味的Subside:沉淀物第十四部分葡萄酒营养物质名词Nutrition:营养素Free Amino Nitrogen(FAN) :游离氨基酸氮Sterol:甾醇Vitamin:维生素Tocopherol:VE,生育酚Thiamine:VB1,硫胺素Flavin:黄素Riboflavin:VB2,核黄素Nicotinic Acid:烟酸第十五部分葡萄酒分析Determination:检测Titration:滴定Dilute:稀释Litmus Paper:石蕊试纸Reagent:试剂Goggle:护目镜Flask:烧瓶Beaker:烧杯(带倾口)Distilled Water:蒸馏水Hydrometer:液体比重计Refractometer:手持糖量仪High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC):高效液相色谱Paper Chromatography:纸层析法Specific Gravity:比重Sodium Hydroxide:氢氧化钠(NaOH)Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate:邻苯二甲酸氢钾Phenolphthalein:酚酞Pipette:移液管Erlenmeyer Flask:锥形烧瓶Activated Charcoal:活性碳Whatman Filter Paper:沃特曼滤纸PH-meter:PH 计Titration End-point:滴定终点Buffer Solution:缓冲液Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate:酒石酸氢钾Calibrate:校准Electrode:电极Starch Indicator:淀粉指示剂Sulphuric Acid:硫酸Pyrex Beaker:耐热烧杯Potassium Iodide:碘化钾(KI)Sodium Thiosulphate:硫代硫酸钠(NaS2SO3)Hydrogen Peroxide:过氧化氢(H2O2)Orthophosphoric Acid:正磷酸Methyl-red:甲基红Ebullioscope(Ebullimeter):酒精计Thermometer:温度计Pycnometer:比重瓶Formic Acid:甲酸(蚁酸)Sodium Formate:甲酸钠Bromophenol Blue:溴酚蓝Agar Plating:琼脂平板培养基Chocolate Agar:巧克力琼脂Corn Meal Agar:玉米粉琼脂Egg Albumin Agar:卵蛋白琼脂Glycerin Agar:甘油琼脂Malt Agar:麦芽汁琼脂(培养基) Nutrient Agar:营养琼脂Plain Agar:普通琼脂Starch Agar:淀粉琼脂Potato-dextrose Agar(P.D.A):土豆-葡萄糖培养基Autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅Petri Dishes:灭菌盘Low-magnification Microscope:低倍显微镜Micro-loop:接种环Micro-needle:接种针Alcohol Lamp:酒精灯第十六部分葡萄酒病害Copper Casse:铜破败病Ferric Casse:铁破败病Proteinic Casse:蛋白质破败病Blue Casse:蓝色破败病White Casse:白色破败病Oxidasic Casse:氧化酶破败病Micobial Disease:细菌病害Mannitic Disease:甘露醇病。
第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine(Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France):科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France):阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain):雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese):波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB):乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB):乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction:麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF):酒精发酵Stuck(Sluggish)Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF):苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique:CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation:CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle aging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose,Dextrose,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose,Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar,Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch:淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak(barrel):橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应Volatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol,ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite(K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired(Excessive)Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO):多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒德国:1.Tafelwein:日常餐酒;ndwein:地区餐酒;3.Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4.Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。
ACCESSIBLE(已可饮用)——已经可以品尝的酒;适饮期的酒;不需储藏的新酒,成熟的老酒和比预期早熟的酒。
ACETIC ACID(醋酸)——所有酒都含有轻微而不易察觉的醋酸(约0.03% -0.06%)。
如果比例超过0.1%,酸味会变得明显,就有如指甲油般的味道。
ACID,ACIDITY(酸度)——酒酸,是造成葡萄酒(特别是白酒) 的结构及厚度的重要因素。
若与丹宁等其他元素不平衡,会造成瑕疵。
通常以Tart或Sour来形容酸度过高的酒。
甜酒的酸度会比不甜酒略高。
AFTERTASTE(余韵,回甘)——指入喉后的回甘。
这回甘与酒停留在你口中的香味将有所不同,有辛辣的感受,余韵越长表示越好, 是欣赏葡萄酒最后的一个愉快的项目。
AGE/AGED(陈年/成熟)——经陈年的白酒通常由青绿转变为金黄色。
波尔多红酒由紫转深红,布根地由紫变砖红。
实际颜色转变视葡萄品种而定。
AGGRESSIVE(浓烈)——指酒内含浓烈的丹宁,非常干涩,尚需陈年。
ALCOHOLIC(酒精的酒精味)——1.平衡不佳而生成酒精的味道。
浓烈的酒精味会把应有的果香覆盖,生成炽热的感受。
2.法令规完酒内的酒精浓度必需注明,一般而言,餐酒不得超过14%,然而亦有例外,如某些金芬黛的酒精度会比较高。
ALMOND(杏仁)——带有些微甘味,意大利白酒通常会出现这种味道。
American Oak(美国橡木)——用美国橡木桶陈酿的苏维翁,梅洛及金芬黛会有浓烈的香草,时萝(九层塔)及杉木味。
ANISE(大茴香)——些微的甘草香,大部份的西班牙红酒会有这种味道。
APPLE(苹果)——1.丰富的苹果香味,你可以在有轻微橡木味的莎当妮中品尝得到。
2.清新的苹果味是薏丝琳白酒的味道。
3.尚未成熟的葡萄酿制的白酒有青苹果味。
4.酸苹果味表示酒已开始氧化。
APRICOT(杏子)——杏味通常会在甜白酒中出现,红酒中偶尔也会出现。
AROMA(香味)——指酒闻起来的味道。
品酒的第二步骤。
有些人用Aroma代表新酒的香味,bouquet则是代表已陈年成熟的香味。
ASTRINGENT(干涩,收敛性)——葡萄单宁会使口腔黏膜收??,生成干涩的感受,通常会出现在尚未成熟的高级红酒中。
ATTACK(第一感受)——技术上的术语,酒入口后的第一印象。
香槟酒要注意的第一感受是气泡的粗细,而红酒则是丹宁。
AUSTERE(干涩,微酸)——可以有两种解释,(1)干涩,通常会出现在较年轻的酒中,(2)微酸,如出现在夏布利中。
BACKBONE(主轴)——指酒的主骨干。
果味太重而欠缺丹宁及应有的酸度会被称为没有主轴,而不利陈年。
BACKWARD(落后)——形容一瓶酒与他过去或其他同期酒相比欠缺应该有的表现,亦可解作延迟成熟的酒。
BALANCED(均衡性)——所有果香,丹宁,酒酸,酒精浓度都能适当的均衡表现。
BANANA(香蕉)——一种特别的香味,通常出现在薄酒莱的酒中。
BARNYARD(泥土味)——红酒常常有些微泥土味,但很多酒评家用Barnyard来形容布根地的酒,而将Earthy用在波尔多上。
BEAUJOLAIS-LIKE(薄酒莱式)——淡而有清新的果香,特别是樱桃味,几乎感受不到丹宁的酒。
适合年轻时享用。
BERRY(莓果,酱果)——樱桃,葡萄都属于酱果类。
很多红酒,尤其是波尔多红酒,都有莓果味,只是浓淡有异而已。
仙飞玳酿成的红酒便有强烈的莓果味。
BIG(强劲)——形容丹宁和酸度十分强劲和平均,可以陈年很久的酒。
但过度强劲的酒,有失去平衡之虑。
BITTER(苦味)——单宁会使酒有轻微的苦味,过苦的酒则可能已变坏。
意大利酒和不甜白酒偶而会有带苦的余韵。
BLACK CHERRY(黑樱桃)——是在梅洛,比诺瓦等红酒中十分常见的一种香味。
BLACK COFFEE(黑咖啡)——通常在已成熟的加州苏维翁葡萄中会发现这一种辛辣的香味。
BLACK FRUIT(黑果类)——综合了黑樱桃、黑莓、梅子及其他类似的香味,常会出现在质量优良的红酒中。
BLACK PEPPER(黑胡椒)——是一种芬芳的特殊香味,在气候较热的红酒产区所产的酒中差不多都可以查找这种香味。
BLACKBERRY(黑莓)——是红酒中一种常见的香味。
BLACKCURRANT(黑加仑子)——是在波尔多红酒中常见的果味之一。
BLUEBERRY(蓝莓)——是另一种不太常见的香味,但会在佛朗葡萄所酿制的酒中可以找得到。
Body(结构)——酒的丹宁,酸度和酒精结合的感受。
用低,中和强劲来形容。
BOUQUET(香味)——常用于已成熟的酒,请见Aroma,现在一般酒评家很少严格区分两者的差异。
要严格区分的话,Bouquet属于醒酒后复合的香气。
BOXWOOD(黄杨木)——灌木的一种,但闻起来像猫尿的味道,通常出现在某些白苏维翁??。
BRAMBLE FRUIT(莓果类)——莓子类及桑椹的总称,是金芬黛一定有的味道。
BRASS(黄铜色)——用来形容甜白酒或陈年白酒的颜色。
BREATHE/BREATHING(醒酒)——刚开瓶的酒因长期与硫磺及木塞接触而生成霉味,需要一段时间呼吸空气来化去这种味道。
BRIGHT(透明,适当的酸度)——用来形容极为清澈的色泽,或高而不过份的酒酸。
BRILLIANT(清澈透亮)——酒显现异常的透明清亮感并非一定是赞美词,可能是严重过滤的后果。
BROWN SUGAR(砂糖香)——不太甜,但令人感到愉悦的焦糖口味。
BURNT MATCH(焦火柴味)——是一种闻起来像刚熄灭的火柴味,可能酒内硫酸稍高。
BUTTER,BUTTERY(奶油味)——浓郁的奶油香,在莎当妮的酒??常会发现这一种味道。
一般白酒在经过乳酸发酵程序后也会生成这种香味。
CANDIED,CANDIED FRUIT(冰糖味,糖果味)——用比诺瓦酿成的白酒常有的一种香味。
CANTALOUPE(香瓜味)——用白比诺酿成的白酒常有的一种香味。
CARAMEL(焦糖香味)——橡木陈年余留的香味。
但如在发酵过程中使用人工加糖亦可能会有这种味道。
CASSIS(黑醋粟)——法国黑加仑子酒味,波尔多红酒常有的味道。
CAT SPRAY(猫尿,猫蚤水味)——有点像麝香味,并非负面的形容词。
白苏维翁酿的酒常有这种味道。
CEDAR(杉木味)——成熟苏维翁红酒生成的味道。
CHERRY-BERRY(樱桃子味)——上等的红酒都带有这种黑莓果味。
CHESTNUT(栗子味)——白酒常有的味道。
特别是布根地白酒和莎当妮。
CHEWY,CHUNKY(软黏感)——用来形容组织浑圆的酒。
喝起来有点??的感受。
亦可解释为含有浓郁的单宁。
CHILE PEPPER(辣胡椒味)——一种浓烈的药草味,特别出现在纽西兰的白苏维翁所酿的酒上。
CHOCOLATE,DARK-CHOCOLATE(巧克力)——黑巧克力味,不甜但很香。
是一级红酒常有的香味。
CIGAR BOX(雪茄盒味)——杉木加上烟草味,常被用来形容波尔多红酒,陈年后的西班牙红酒亦有这种味道。
CITRUS(柑橘香)——一般白酒都有,微甜又带些刺鼻香。
CLEAN(清爽)——没有厌恶或不明的气味。
CLOAKED(包封的)——用来形容丹宁被果香包封着。
CLOSED(不明显的、闭塞的)——不明显的,仍在陈睡的酒,表示该酒尚有陈年的潜力。
CLOUDINESS, CLOUDY(混浊)——形容清澈度,以现今的酿酒技术,很少混浊的酒,除非该酒已变坏。
但很老的布根地好酒偶而会有点浊。
CLOVES(丁香)——一种辛辣的香气,西班牙利奥哈红酒会有这种味道。
CLOYING(过甜)——酒酸不足而生成过甜的现象。
COARSE(涩)——因为新酒含有较强的丹宁,入口易收??口腔黏膜而引起干涩的感受,适宜陈年的新酒都会涩。
好酒涩而顺,通用酒涩而干。
COCONUT(椰子味)——美国橡木常有的一种味道。
COMPLEX(复杂)——多种味道杂陈。
通常是赞美词,好酒复杂度高,但口感复杂的酒不一定就是好酒。
CONSISTENT(协调的)——香味,口感和余韵都满一致的。
CORKED,CORKY(木塞味,已变坏)——不当或过久的保存,通常用来表示该酒已变坏。
COTTON CANDY(棉花糖)——薄酒莱式的酒生成的味道。
CREAMY(绵密柔顺)——与buttery意思相近。
CRISP(活泼青脆的)——清新,有些刺口果酸。
赞美词。
形容白酒居多。
DELICATE(细致优雅)——形容该酒复杂但有其独有的特色。
DEMI-SEC(微-中甜)——sec 法文意思是干,但用在酒上指的是微甜,特别是香槟酒。
DEPTH(深度)——指酒复杂和有浓缩的香气。
DIESEL(柴油味)——德国白酒常有的味道。
不是负面形容词。
我们通常会用矿石味来形容红酒的这种香味。
DILL(时萝)——药草味,经美国橡木桶陈年的加州苏维翁常有的一种香味。
DIRTY,DIRTY SOCKS(臭袜味)——如其名,一种不雅的味道。
可能来自不洁的木桶或木塞。
Dominant(过份)——某种香味太浓烈,超越其他香味。
非赞美词。
DRY(不甜)——不甜的意思,和法文sec 同义, 用在白酒上,千万不能因字译而误以为干。
DRYING OUT(褪味)——指酒的高峰期已过,果香已不再,只剩下丹宁和酒精。
DUMB(潜在力)——尚须陈年的酒。
EARTHY(泥土味)——不是负面形容词,指有一些泥土味的感受,勃根地酒常有这种形容词,但不宜太重。
EASY(简单)——容易入口,没有特色的日常餐酒。
EMPTY(空洞)——没有主轴的酒,与HOLLOW 同义。
ESTATE BOTTLED(酒庄装瓶)——在欧洲,法令规定特许酒必需在酒庄装瓶。
新世界酒厂也会在酒标上有此注明,以表示在酒庄装瓶或酿酒葡萄来自本属葡萄园,以提高消费者信心。
EUCALYPTUS(油加利味)——一种辛香如油加利树菜的味道,一级的加州和智利苏维翁常带有的香味。
FADING(衰退)——指酒已过了高峰期,失去颜色、果味和和特色。
FAT(肥厚)——指酒入口,有丰满带点油腻的感受,视乎形容甚么样的酒,对苏玳白酒而言,是赞美词,对其他酒可不一定。
FINISH(回味)——余韵,酒下喉之后残留的感受,判断酒的良劣重要条件之一。
与AFTERTASTE同意思FLAT,FLABBY(平淡)——酒的酸度不足或没有果香,表示该酒结构不佳。
FLESHY(太油)——柔顺但丹宁低,形容通用佐餐酒居多。
FLORAL,FLOWERY(花香)——很多白酒都有这种香味。
但不宜过浓。
某些西班牙及意大利系葡萄酒亦有花香。
FOREST FLOOR(湿草味)——清晨带露水的叶香,清新舒畅。
FORWARD(直接)——直接的味道。
中性形容词。
亦可指已完全成熟的酒。
FRAGILE(完全成熟)——表示该酒已达颠峰期,不能再陈年,必须要尽快饮用方能欣赏该酒的最佳状态。