英语语法:并列举和复合句
- 格式:doc
- 大小:9.19 MB
- 文档页数:18
并列句与复合句一并列句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
并列句中的前后两个分句根据其逻辑关系可以分为以下几种:(一)并列关系前后两个分句在意思上市顺连。
并列连词and使用最多,not only…but also…也可以连接两个并列的分句。
I turned on the TV and we sat down .Not only did we take some snacks but also we prepared some drinks.仿写1.春天来了,树变绿了。
_______________________________________________________________2.他们结束了会谈,然后离开了大厅。
They ended the talk ______________________________________________________________________3.我们不但打扫了房间我们还擦了玻璃。
(不倒装)________________________________________________________________________________________4.这个城市不但被污染了街道也很拥挤。
(倒装)______________________________________________________but also the streets are crowded.5.不仅他对电脑感兴趣,而且他的儿子也开始对电脑感兴趣。
(倒装)____________________________________________________________but also his son began to show interest in the computer.(二)转折关系多用连词but ,yet(然而,可是), while(而)等连接两个分句,前后两个分句在语意上是转折关系。
英语中的并列句和复合句的区别
并列句和复合句是英语语法中两种不同类型的句子结构。
1. 并列句:
-定义:并列句由两个或更多相互关联的独立子句组成,每个子句都有自己的主语和谓语,并用逗号、分号或连词将它们连接在一起。
-结构:并列句中的子句之间是平等的,没有主次之分,各个子句并列起来,相互独立。
-示例:I like to play tennis, and my brother likes to play soccer.(我喜欢打网球,我哥喜欢踢足球。
)
2. 复合句:
-定义:复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成,从句是一个包含主语和谓语的从属结构,不能独立成句。
-结构:复合句中的从句是主句的一部分,从句依附于主句,起到修饰、补充或说明主句意思的作用。
-示例:She went to the supermarket after she finished work.(她工作完成后去了超市。
)
区别:
-结构:并列句中的子句是相互独立的,各自有自己的主谓结构,而复合句中的从句是主句的一部分,不能独立成句。
-逻辑关系:在并列句中,各个子句之间是并列关系,表达的是并列的事实或观点。
而复合句中的从句是主句的修饰、补充或说明,表达的是主次关系或因果关系。
-连接词:在并列句中,子句之间使用逗号、分号或连词(如and、but等)连接;而复合句中,使用从属连词(如when、because、although 等)连接主句和从句。
总之,通过并列句和复合句的不同结构和逻辑关系,可以更准确地表达复杂的思想和句意。
高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念:并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。
两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起;但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。
2、常见的并列句:(1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。
前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。
(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。
(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。
主从复合句1、概念:主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。
从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。
如:While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。
) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。
) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。
) / HoweverI cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。
并列句与复合句的区别在英语语法中,句子是构建语言的基本单位。
句子的结构可以通过不同类型的句子来体现。
其中,最常用的两种句子类型是并列句和复合句。
尽管它们都由多个部分组成,但它们之间存在着明显的区别。
本文将探讨并列句和复合句的区别,并比较它们在句法结构、意义传达以及语言表达上的异同。
一、句法结构1. 并列句:并列句是由两个或更多个具有相同地位的独立分句组成的。
这些分句之间通常通过逗号(,)或连词(如and、or、but等)连接。
并列句的结构如下所示:[独立分句1] [连词/逗号] [独立分句2]例如:- I like playing football, and my brother enjoys swimming.(我喜欢踢足球,而我弟弟喜欢游泳。
)- She is intelligent, hardworking, and dedicated.(她聪明、努力且专注。
)2. 复合句:复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成。
从句可以是名词从句、形容词从句或副词从句。
它们与主句之间有一种从属关系,从而构成复杂的句子结构。
复合句的结构如下所示:[主句] + [从句]例如:- He said that he would come tomorrow.(他说他明天会来。
)- When it rains, I stay indoors.(下雨时,我待在室内。
)二、意义传达1. 并列句:并列句通常将两个或多个独立但相关的思想并列在一起,彼此之间没有逻辑上的从属关系。
它们之间以并列的方式并存,用于传达相同等级的信息或者表示句子之间的转折、选择等关系。
并列句常用于列举或对比相关事物,以及表达并列的行为、状态或性质。
例如:- Cats are independent, but dogs are more loyal to their owners.(猫很独立,但狗对主人更忠诚。
)- I like to travel, swim, and read books.(我喜欢旅行、游泳和读书。
2019年高考英语语法:并列句和复合句的区别一、并列句和复合句的区别●如何解决英语长难句?首先,本质解决——找出赤裸的主干;其次,阶段解决——找出从枝末叶;最后,综合解决——按逻辑关系整合全句。
并列句的种类分为4种;复合句的种类分为3大类(名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句)15小种。
●并列句概念两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫作并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
并列连词有:and,but,or,so等。
并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列关系。
它们之间用连词联结。
并列句中简单句间的关系4种如下:并列递进关系、转折关系、因果关系、选择/否则关系。
●复合句概念复合句又称主从复合句,所谓从句的概念就是从句相对应于主句,共同构成主从复合句关系。
在英语当中,一个句子只能有一个主语和一个谓语,但是有的时候一个句子的某一个成分如果信息点多的话,无法用一个单词或一个短语来涵盖,就会引入从句的使用。
那么,如果一个句子在另外一个句子当中充当某一成分,这个合并之后的句子就会多了一个主谓结构,这样就和句子只能有一套主谓结构的原则相违背,如何解决这个问题呢?就是在从句之前加上引导词,取消从句独立成句的资格,使从句和主句有所区分。
所以引导词是一个从句的标志。
例如主语从句,即一个句子作另外一个句子的主语,故称“主语从句”,以此类推。
●具体主从复合关系3大类15小种如下:名词性从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句定语从句(形容词性从句):限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句状语从句(副词性从句):时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句考研英语基础段的学习与准备重点是对语法当中的句法部分实行“功底的夯实”,掌握好简单句是分析考研英语长难句的前提,所以大家一定要一步一步来,才有可能把长难句彻底吃透。
并列句与复合句区别在英语语法中,句子的结构可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
并列句和复合句是两种常见的句子结构,它们在表达方式和句子结构上存在一些明显的区别。
本文将对并列句和复合句的区别进行详细讨论。
一、并列句的特点并列句是由两个或多个主句(亦称为并列分句)组成的句子。
每个主句具有相同的地位,它们彼此之间通过连词而连接起来。
常见的并列连词有"and"、"but"、"or"、"so"等。
以下是几个示例:1. I like to read books, and my sister likes to watch movies.2. He is intelligent, but he is not hardworking.3. You can choose to study abroad, or you can find a job in your hometown.在这些例子中,每个主句都可以独立成为一个完整的句子,它们并列在一起,通过逗号和连词连接。
并列句的特点是各个主句之间的关系是相对平行和对等的。
每个主句内部的结构可以是简单句、复合句或其他类型的句子结构。
并列句的优点是简洁明了,易于理解和表达。
二、复合句的特点复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句(亦称为主从句或附属句)组成的句子。
主从句之间存在一种依存关系,从句一般起到修饰、补充或解释主句的作用。
从句可以是名词从句、形容词从句或副词从句。
以下是几个示例:1. I will help you if you need any assistance.2. She is happy because she passed the exam.3. He bought a new car, which is very expensive.在这些例子中,从句不能单独成为一个完整的句子,它们依托于主句的结构存在。
虾对市爱抚阳光实验学校语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分〔一〕句子成分的义:构成句子的各个叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、语、状语、补足语和同位语。
〔二〕主语:主语是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句〔当主语不疑问词时〕和倒装,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句表示。
例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.〔名词〕We often speak English in class.〔代词〕One-third of the students in this class are girls.〔数词〕To swim in the river is a great pleasure.〔不式〕Smoking does harm to the health.〔动名词〕The rich should help the poor.〔名词化的形容词〕When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.〔主语从句〕It is necessary to master a foreign language.〔it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不式〕〔三〕谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:〔1〕由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 〔2〕由系动词加表语构成。
简单句(Types of Simple Sentences)1.主语+谓语(S+V) (谓语为不及物动词vi.)例:A. Class begins at eight o’clock. B. The sun rises in the east.C. The small boy can’t write.D. They are talking andlaughing happily.常见的不及物动词:listen, look, happen, go, come, arrive, work, stay, rise, talk等。
2.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) (谓语为及物动词vt.)例:A. I couldn’t see anything.B. We raise our national flag every Monday.C. The small boy can’t write any words.D. They’re listening to the teacher carefully.E. I’ll tell her the news when she returns.注意:有些动词只做及物动词使用:reach, tell, show, hear, raise, teach, put等。
有些动词既做及物动词也可做不及物动词使用:write, know, open等。
不及物动词如要带宾语,须加相应的介词形成动词短语后再接宾语。
listen ( to) .laugh (at).wait (for).look (at),talk (to/with)等。
3.主语+谓语+表语(S+V+P) (谓语为连系动词Link v.)例:A. He was ill last week.(形) B. Keep quiet, please!(形)C. I feel very well today.(形)D. The mooncake tasteslike the pie.(介短)E. LiLei became a soldier.(名)F. The food has gonebad.(形)G. The bread feels hard.(形) H. LiLei fell ill lastMonday.(形)I. In spring, the weather gets warm and the trees turngreen.(形)注意:常见连系动词:1).be2). keep(保持), stay(保持), remain(保持) 等3).感官动词feel(感觉/摸上去),look(看上去),seem(似乎),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),appear(看上去,显得)等。
并列句和复合句的区别并列句和复合句是英语中常见的两种句子结构。
虽然它们在表达方式上有一些相似之处,但在语法结构和意义传达方面存在着明显的差异。
本文将详细介绍并列句和复合句的区别,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这两种句子结构。
一、并列句的特点和用法并列句由两个或更多的简单句通过并列连词连接而成。
这种句子结构的特点是各个简单句之间在语法上属于平行关系,它们具有同等的地位。
并列句的主要作用是同时表达两个或多个相关的句子,使句子之间的关系更为明确。
并列句有以下几种常见的结构:1. 用连词"and"连接两个或多个具有相同主语的句子,表示并列关系。
例如:"I love playing football, and I also enjoy swimming."(我喜欢踢足球,并且我也喜欢游泳。
)2. 用连词"but"连接两个具有相同主语的句子,表示转折关系。
例如:"He is smart, but he is lazy."(他很聪明,但他很懒。
)3. 用连词"or"连接两个或多个具有相同主语的句子,表示选择关系。
例如:"Would you like tea or coffee?"(你想要茶还是咖啡?)并列句的结构简洁明了,使句子的意思更加清晰。
同时,通过巧妙运用并列句,可以使文本更加丰富多样,增强语言的表现力。
二、复合句的特点和用法复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成。
主句是复合句的核心,而从句则提供额外的信息或修饰主句。
复合句的主要特点是主句和从句之间存在着层次关系,从句在语法上依附于主句。
复合句有以下几种常见的结构:1. 用连词"that"引导的名词性从句,可以作为主语、宾语、表语或补语。
例如:"I believe that you can do it."(我相信你能做到。
五大基本句子结构五大基本句子结构是指简单句、并列句、复合句、复合并列句和独立主格结构。
下面将分别介绍这五种句子结构,并列举一些例子。
一、简单句简单句是由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子,它可以表达一个完整的意思。
以下是一些简单句的例子:1. The sun is shining brightly.太阳正照得很明亮。
2. She sings beautifully.她唱得很美。
3. He is a doctor.他是一名医生。
4. They are playing soccer.他们正在踢足球。
5. I love you.我爱你。
二、并列句并列句是由两个或多个简单句通过连词连接而成的句子,它们之间的关系是并列的。
以下是一些并列句的例子:1. I like to read books, and my sister likes to watch movies.我喜欢读书,我妹妹喜欢看电影。
2. He is tall, but his brother is short.他很高,但他的兄弟很矮。
3. She is a good student, so she always gets good grades.她是一个好学生,所以她总是得到好成绩。
4. I want to go to the beach, or maybe the mountains.我想去海滩,或者可能是山区。
5. He is a doctor, and she is a nurse.他是一名医生,她是一名护士。
三、复合句复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子,从句可以是名词从句、形容词从句或副词从句。
以下是一些复合句的例子:1. I know that he is coming.我知道他要来了。
2. She is happy because she got a promotion.她很高兴,因为她得到了晋升。
3. He left early so that he could catch the train.他早早离开,以便赶上火车。
英语并列句和复合句句子的种类1. 按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类;2. 句子按其结构可以分为简单句、并列句、复合句三类。
下面就考试中常见的并列句和复合句做简单介绍。
(一)并列句1. 由and、but、or、so、for等并列连词把两个简单句连接起来而成的。
例如:John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球,但他昨天没打。
You should hurry, or you will miss the train. 你该快点了,否则要误车了。
He must be a good student, for he is always careful with his lessons. 他肯定是个好学生,因为他学习一直很认真仔细。
2. 由并列连词词组连接成的。
常用的有not only … but also … , either … or … , neither … nor … ,not … but …, both … and …,等等。
例如:Not only one but also all of us were invited. 不只是一个,而是我们全体都受到邀请。
Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你来做,要么我请其他人来做。
Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。
Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他们完不成任务,而是任务太重了。
并列句的口诀!and 表示顺承while表示对比 but/yet表示转折 for/so表示因果 or/either ...or 表示选择when 和and/then表示时间and/so/neither/nor表示并列not only...butalso/neither... nor表示递进(二)主从复合句包含两个或多个主谓结构,并且,其中一个主谓结构充当主句,另一个或多个主谓结构为从句,充当该主句的主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,这样的句子叫做复合句。
英语复合句的三大基本类型英语复合句是由主句和从句构成的,其中从句可以是名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句。
这些不同类型的从句可以相互组合,形成复杂的句子结构。
下面将介绍英语复合句的三大基本类型。
1. 并列复合句并列复合句是由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词连接起来构成的。
常见的并列连词有and、but、or和so等。
例如:(1)She likes music, but she doesn't like rock.(2)John can swim, and he can dive.(3)He is late, so we can't start the meeting.2. 复合从句复合从句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的。
从句可以是名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句。
例如:(1)I know (that) she is a talented artist.(名词性从句作为宾语)(2)The man whom I met yesterday is a famous writer.(定语从句修饰先行词)(3)If you go to the party, he will come with you.(条件状语从句)3. 主从复合句主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的,其中从句是主句的一部分,不能独立存在。
主从复合句包括以下几种类型:(1)名词性从句:包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等。
例如:- That she is a model worker is known to us all.(主语从句)- The fact that she is a model worker is known to us all.(同位语从句)- I believe that she will succeed.(宾语从句)(2)定语从句:修饰名词或代词,表示所属关系。
例如:- They came to see the house where they would live.(限定性定语从句)- I will never forget the day when I met him.(非限定性定语从句)(3)状语从句:表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果、目的等关系。
专题十二并列句和复合句一对一“梳理”知识点高效复习法并列连词and, but, or, so是中考的高频考点,这些词所表示的逻辑关系要理解吃透.并列连词连接的是两个或两个以上的并列成分,如两个词、两个短语或两个分句.做题时要仔细审题,弄清题意,抓住关键词来推敲并理顺前后的逻辑关系.复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成,主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起.从句按其在复合句中的作用分为宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句.宾语从句是中考单项选择的常考点,侧重于引导词、时态、句意和语序的混合考查,考生在做宾语从句类试题时,首先应从语序着手,宾语从句的语序为陈述语序,即:主语+谓语+宾语+其他,若选项不是陈述语序,则可以直接排除.其次,从时态方面考虑,一般情况下,宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致,但是,如果有明显的时间状语,则要根据时间状语来判断时态.最后,根据语境来判断疑问词,询问内容用what;询问时间用when/what time;询问地点用where;询问原因用why;询问方式用how等.定语从句主要考查的是关系词.考生在解答定语从句类试题时,可按以下步骤解题:(1)首先根据语境分析句子结构,找出先行词.(2)然后判断先行词是指人还是指物,缩小关系词的选择范围.(3)最后把先行词还原到定语从句中,明确先行词在定语从句中所作的成分,如果从句缺少主干成分,用关系代词;如果从句不缺主干成分,用关系副词.(4)特殊情况.牢记只能用that的几种特殊情况,结合题目做出判断.对状语从句的考查主要集中在从属连词的词义辨析上.解答此类题时一定坚持“句意为先”的原则.准确地翻译句意,就能准确判断出主、从句的关系和从句的类型,选择连词也就容易多了.主句和从句的时态搭配对状语从句引导词的判定也有帮助.如:含条件状语从句的主从复合句,主、从句的时态遵循三大原则“主将从现”“主情从现”和“主祈从现”.知识突破知识点1并列句一、定义:由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的简单句组成的句子叫做并列句.二、并列句有四种关系:并列关系,选择关系,转折关系和因果关系一、定义:在句子中担任宾语的从句,就是宾语从句.二、用法1.宾语从句三大考点(1)动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语、宾语或表语.例如:When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.什么时候去北京还没定下来.(作主语)I asked him when to leave Beijing.我问他什么时候离开北京.(作宾语)My question is how to get there.我的问题是如何到达那里.(作表语)(2)“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句.例如:Can you tell me where to buy a map of China? = Can you tell me where I can buy a map of China?你能告诉我在哪里能买到中国地图吗?3.否定前移当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到前面的主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式.例如:I don't think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来.I don't believe she will take part in the English evening.我认为她不会参加英语晚会.知识点3状语从句一、定义:在句中作状语成分的从句就是状语从句,它在句中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子.二、用法1.常见的状语从句(1)时间状语从句.(6)结果状语从句.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句一般有以下两种时态:(1)“主将从现”:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时.例如:I will go swimming as soon as I finish my homework.我一完成作业就去游泳.(2)“主祈/情从现”:若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时表示将来.如①Please let me know if he comes back.如果他回来了,请告知我.②If you feel hungry, you should eat something.如果你饿了,你该吃点东西.知识点4定语从句一、定义:在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句;被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫做关系词.二、用法1.关系代词和关系副词的用法(1)当先行词是all, none, little, much, some, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词或被其修饰时.例如:Please get everything ready that we need.请准备好我们需要的一切.(2)当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时.例如:He is the only person that I want to see.他是我唯一想见的人.(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时.例如:This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的书.(4)当先行词既有人又有物时.例如:They talked about the people and things that they remembered in school.他们谈论着他们在学校记得的人和事.(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复应用that.例如:Who is the person that is standing at the gate?那个站在门口的人是谁?3.关系代词中不能用that的情况(1)介词之后不能用that.例如:This is the factory in which we once worked.这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂.(2)非限制性定语从句中.例如:This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday.这是我最喜欢的钢笔,我昨天买的.(3)当先行词本身为that/those时.例如:You must find out those which may be ignored by us.你必须找到那些可能被我们忽视的东西.核心考点,各个击破考点1并列句例1(2022·河北,33题,1分) I saw a good film,________ I can't remember its name.A. soB. orC. forD. but【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:我看了一部好电影,但我记不起它的名字了.根据前后句句意可知,空前后之间为转折关系,使用连词but.答案:D针对性练习11.Study hard, ________ you will pass the exam.A. soB. orC. butD. and2.-Would you like to go to the concert with me?-I'd love to, ________ I'm afraid I have no time.A. soB. orC. andD. but3.At school, we are taught________ knowledge________ how to behave well.A. neither; norB. either; orC. not only; but alsoD. not; but考点2宾语从句例2(2021·湖北黄冈,33题,1分)-I think it's difficult to write the book report in two days. I really don't know________.-Plan your time properly, and you can make it.A. why I have to do itB. when will I finish itC. how I can do itD. if can I finish it 【解析】本题考查宾语从句.句意:我认为在两天内写完读书报告是困难的,我真的不知道我该怎么做.-合理安排你的时间,你就能做到.宾语从句要用陈述句语序,先排除B和 D.再由“I think it's difficult to write the book report in two days.”可知,题意是指不知道该怎么做.答案:C 针对性练习21. -Jack, could you tell me________ for traveling this summer?-We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan.A. where your family will goB. how will your family goC. how your family will goD. where will your family go2.-Could you please tell me________?-Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.A. where is Mount WudangB. how can I get to Wulong RiverC. what is Shennongjia famous forD. if there will be a new airport in Shiyan3. I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder________.A. where you buy the ticketsB. why you like to go thereC. if you'd like to come alongD. when you watch the match考点3状语从句例3(2021·黑龙江龙东,14题,1分)The doctors were________ busy________ they had no time to rest.A. such; thatB. so; thatC. too; to【解析】本题考查状语从句.句意:医生们太忙了,他们没时间休息.句式:such+名词或形容词修饰的名词+that意为“如此······以至于······”,可排除; so+形容词或副词+that意为“如此······以至于······”; too+形容词/副词+to+动词原形,意为“太······不能······”,句中已经有no,不可再用“too...to”的句型,故排除.答案:B针对性练习31. ________ jeans were invented over 100 years ago, they're still in fashion today.A. BecauseB. IfC. AlthoughD. Since2. Tom will call me as soon as he________ home.A. getsB. has gotC. gotD. will get3.We won't start the meeting________ our teacher arrives.A. thoughB. untilC. whileD. or考点4定语从句例4(2021·湖南怀化,28题,1分)-Do you know the woman________ wears a blue skirt?-Oh, she's my aunt.A. whichB. whoC. what【解析】本题考查定语从句.句意:-你认识那个穿蓝色短裙的女士吗?一哦,她是我姑姑.which 引导定语从句,先行词是物;who引导定语从句,先行词是人;what不能用于引导定语从句.分析句子结构可知,这里“wears a blue skirt”是定语从句,修饰先行词woman,关系代词使用who.答案:B针对性练习41.One of the most delicious drinks________ I like is orange juice.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. whom2. The English-Chinese dictionary________ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.A. whoseB. whenC. whoD. that3. We all like the story about the teacher________ happened in our school last week.A. whichB. whoC. whomD. what答案:针对性练习1:1.D 2.D 3.C针对性练习2:1.A 2.D 3.C针对性练习3:1.C 2.A 3.B针对性练习4:1.B 2.D 3.A从模拟演练到实战操作模拟演练1.(2021·北京丰台区二模)I was very tired last night, ________ I went to bed earlier.A. butB. orC. soD. for2.(2021·广西柳州一模)The boy sitting at the corner was restless________ he should have listened to the teacher carefully.A. becauseB. whenC. if3.(2021·上海宝山区二模) ________ the students of Class 5 had failed to win the dragon boat race several times, they didn't give up.A. UnlessB. BecauseC. AlthoughD. When4.(2021·天津南开区三模)Poor Kate didn't go to school today________ she hurt her leg.A. so thatB. ifC. beforeD. because5.(2021·安徽铜陵一模)Work hard and be patient, ________ your dream won't come true.A. orB. andC. butD. so6.(2021·辽宁阜新模拟)The unforgettable experience________ we had in the summer camp makes us grow up.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom7.(2021·四川成都模拟)We must find out________ the professor is coming, so we can book a room for him.A. howB. whenC. why8.(2020·湖北武汉二模)I wondered________.A. which way was the wind blowingB. which one is the most convenientC. which of the house did you live inD. which school it was you went to9.(2021·天津东丽区一模)Mark is our class leader. He works hard________ he often helps others.A. andB. soC. orD. but10.(2021·重庆大渡口区二模)My family will go for a picnic this Sunday, but we haven't decided________.A. why to goB. how to doC. what to doD. where to go答案:1.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:昨天晚上我很累,所以我睡得很早.but但是;or或者;so因此;for因为.根据前后句意可知,此处存在因果关系,前为因后为果,故应用表因果的连词so.2.B3.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:虽然五班的学生几次都没能赢得龙舟比赛,但他们没有放弃.unless 除非;because因为;although虽然;when当······时.结合语境可知,句子之间表达的是转折关系,应用although引导让步状语从句.4.D【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:可怜的凯特今天没去上学,因为她伤了腿.so that为了;if 如果;before在······之前;because因为.空格前后句之间是因果关系,属于“前果后因”,应用because引导原因状语从句.5.A6.C7.B8.D9.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:马克是我们的班长.他努力学习,而且他经常帮助别人.and 和,而且,表并列;so因此,所以,表结果;or或者,表选择;but但是,表转折.根据“He works hard...he often helps others.”可知,他努力学习,他经常帮助别人,前后两句是并列关系,所以使用and连接.10.D真题演练1.(2022·四川成都)Mary has learned a lot about the history of Sichuan________ she can be a tour guide.A. even ifB. as soon asC. so that2.(2021·山西)Please don't hurt the little animals________ you see them on the street. They are our friends.A. soB. whenC. unless3.(2021·湖南岳阳) ________ he is 72 years old, ________ he keeps running every day.A. Although; butB. Although;/C. But;/4.(2021·云南昆明)You can't make progress in math learning________ you work harder.A. ifB. afterC. unlessD. because5.(2021·湖南株洲)The active ladies like music________ they can dance to.A. thatB. whereC. who6.(2021·四川成都)Zhang Hong, a Chinese, is the first Asian blind climber________ has reached the top of Qomolangma.A. whoB. whoseC. which7.(2021·天津)My cousin became a country doctor________ he finished medical school.A. afterB. so thatC. butD. so8.(2021·四川成都) ________ we continue to pull together, we'll keep winning the game.A.As long asB. Even thoughC.As soon as9.(2021·黑龙江绥化)I like smart clothes________ are made of silk.A. whoB. whichC. what10.(2021·江苏镇江)I won't believe that the little boy can read five thousand words________ I test him myself.A. afterB. whenC. ifD. until11.(2021·重庆B卷)We were lucky yesterday. The bus left________ we got on it.A. beforeB. althoughC. untilD. as soon as12.(2021·内蒙古包头)-Do you know________ he said at the party?-Go on-I'm all ears.A. whyB. thatC. whichD. what13.(2021·山东滨州)In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one________ is well worth reading.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. what14.(2021·江苏南京)You need to practice speaking every day________ you hope to improve your spoken English.A. ifB. althoughC. unlessD. until15.(2021·湖北荆州)-How do you like the singing competition yesterday?-Exciting, ________ some students didn't do very well.A. soB. andC. thoughD. because16.(2021·重庆A卷)We should take the rest of the food home________ we can't finish what we order.A. ifB. soC. unlessD. until17.(2021·江苏盐城)-Jim is planning a trip to Shanghai this weekend, but still doesn't decide________.-Why not take the high-speed railway? It's fast and comfortable.A. who will he visitB. what he will doC. how he's goingthere D. whom is he going with18.(2021·湖北荆州)-I hear we'll have a new English teacher this term.-Really? Do you know________?A. what subject he teachesB. where he comes fromC. if he is a math teacherD. why he teaches so well 答案:1.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:玛丽了解了很多关于四川的历史,这样她就能当导游了.了解四川历史的目的是为了当导游,此处用so that引导目的状语从句.2.B【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:当你在街上看到小动物的时候,不要去伤害它们,它们是我们的朋友.o所以;when当·····时;unless除非.由句意可知,应选when.3.B[解析]本题考查状语从句的从属连词.句意尽管他72岁了,他仍坚持每天跑步.分析句子结构可知这是一个让步状语从句,although和but不能连用,并且but不用于句子开头.4.C【解析】本意考查连词辨析.句意:如果你不更加努力,你不会在数学学习上取得进步.■如果;after······以后;unless如果不,相当于i...not; because因为,由于.由句意和前文主句的否定形式可知用连词unless“如果不”,符合句意,用双重否定表示肯定.5.A【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法.句意:那些活跃的女士们喜欢可以让她们跳舞的音乐.先行词music指物,应用that或which引导定语从句.6.A【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法.句意:中国人张洪是第一位登上珠穆朗玛峰的亚洲盲人登山者.空后面的句子是定语从句,关系代词在从句中作主语,其先行词是指人的名词climber,故应用who.7.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:我表弟从医学院毕业后成为了一名乡村医生.根据句意可知,“成为一名乡村医生”与“医学院毕业”存在先后顺序,故选after.8.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:只要我们继续齐心协力,我们就能继续赢得比赛.as long as 只要;even though尽管;as soon as······就·····.9.B【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法.句意:我喜欢用丝绸做的漂亮衣服.空格所在句是定语从句,先行词clothes表示物,关系代词应用that或which.10.D11.D【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:昨天我们很幸运,我们一上去,公交车就走了.before 在······之前;although虽然;until直到;as soon as-···就······.根据句意可知,选as soon as.12.D13.B【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的用法.句意:在我看来,所有的书中,只有这一本非常值得一读.who和whom指代人,who充当定语从句的主语,whom 充当从句的宾语,what不是关系词,所以它不能引导定语从句;that一般指代事物,也可以指代不知性别或泛指的一类人,当定语从句的先行词被the only所修饰时,关系代词要用that.14.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:如果你希望提高你的英语口语,你需要每天练习说英语.if如果;although尽管;unless除非;until直到.前后是条件关系,用if.15.C【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:你觉得昨天的歌唱比赛怎么样?-尽管一些学生表演得不太好,但是比赛很令人兴奋.so因此;and并且,和;though尽管;because因为.空白处后句“一些学生表演得不太好”与前句“比赛令人兴奋”表示转折关系.16.A【解析】本题考查连词辨析.句意:如果我们吃不完所点的东西,我们应当把剩余的食物带回家.if如果;so因此;unless除非;until直到.根据句意,应选if.17.C【解析】本题考查宾语从句.句意:吉姆正在计划这个周末去上海旅行,但他仍然没有决定如何去那儿.-为什么不乘坐高铁呢?高铁又快又舒服.根据答语“为什么不乘坐高铁呢?”可知,用how引导宾语从句,表示去上海的方式.18.B【解析】本题考查宾语从句.句意:我听说我们这学期来了位新英语老师.-真的吗?你知道他来自哪儿吗?A项“他教什么学科”、C项“他是不是数学老师”与前句“英语老师”矛盾,排除A、C; D项“他为什么教得这么好”与前句“我听说我们这学期来了位新英语老师”语境不相符,排除D项.B项“他来自哪里”与前句“我听说我们这学期来了位新英语老师”语境相符.。
专题十一--并列句和复合句考点一并列句和并列连词并列句一、并列句用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句组成的句子叫作并列句。
其构成为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。
二、常见的并列连词1.表示顺承、并列、递进关系的连词及并列句and“和”;both...and.……和……两个都,as well as“也, not only...but also..不但…而且…等。
如:My father bought me a present, and like it very much.2.表示转折或对比关系的连词及并列句but“但是”;yet然而”; while“而”。
如:Lucy likes red while Lily likes white.3.表示选择关系的连词及并列句either...or..么……要么……,它连接主语时,动词与靠近它的主语在人称、数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。
or“或者”,还可以表示“否则”。
如:Study hard, or you'll fail the exam.4.表示因果关系的连词及并列句so意为“所以,因此”,表示因果关系。
如:Kate was ill so she didn't go to school.for意为“因为”,也表示因果关系。
如:I have to stay up late, for I have lots of homework to do.※注意and和or用于否定句中的区别(1)当列举成分是主语,又在否定词之前时,用and连接;当列举成分在否定词之后时,用or构成完全否定。
如:Lucy and Lily can't speak Chinese.I can't sing or dance.(2)在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,那么用and,而不用or。
如:There is no water and no air on the moon.(3)在否定句中, without之后若有列举成分,则用and连接,构成完全否定;在肯定句中, without 之后的列举成分要用or连接才能构成完全否定。
中考英语语法专项复习:简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
复合句中包含宾语从句、状语从句或定语从句等。
◆一简单句简单句就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子,其句式结构主要有五种:①主 + 谓。
He works in a big company. 他在一家大公司工作。
②主 + 系 + 表。
She is a kind girl. 她是一个善良的女孩。
③主 + 谓 + 宾。
Ann eats junk food twice a week .安一周吃两次垃圾食品。
④主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾。
He gave me a pen .他给我一支钢笔。
⑤主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补。
He kept me waiting for two hours .他让我等了两小时。
◆二并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。
并列句中的各简单句同等重要,没有从属关系,是并列的关系,之间用并列连词连接。
1. 表示顺承的并列连词有and / not only …but (also)等。
如:She not only gaveus a lot of advice, butalso helped us to overcome difficulties .他不仅给了我们很多建议,而且还帮助我们克服困难。
2. 表示选择的并列连词有or,either …or …等。
如:Either you or Maria will haveto go .你或玛丽亚得去一趟。
3. 表示转折的并列连词有but,yet,however 等。
如:It is hot in summer here , butit’s not cold in winter .这里夏天热,但冬天不冷。
4. 表示因果关系的并列连词有so,如:He works hard , so he is one of the topstudents in our class .因为他学习努力,所以他是我们班最优秀的学生之一。
英语语法:并列举和复合句(三)原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), now(that)(既然), when(既然), seeing (that) (由于,鉴于), considering (that)(考虑到), given (that) (考虑到)等,每个连词的含义不尽相同。
主要的有because, for, in that, for the reason that; as, seeing (that), seeing as; since; now (that); considering (that)等:The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因为洗涤的方法不好而缩水。
I can’t get to sleep because of the n oise outside. 由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。
Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我们没钱,我们不能购买它。
Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外边在下雨,我们最好待在室内。
Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然来了,最好还是留下吧(既来之,则安之)。
【注】除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句(when表示“既然”)些辅助性的补充说明,for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。
He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能见过我,因为我不在那里。
He seldom goes out now, for he is very old.他难得出门了,因为他年事已高。
注意:①in view of the fact that可用as/since/seeing that来表示,但不能用because:As/Since/Seeing that you are here,you may as well give me a hand.既然你在这里,你就帮我个忙吧。
As/Since/Seeing that Tom knows French, he'd better do the talking.既然汤姆懂法语,最好让他来谈。
②在as/since/seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时,可用if来代替:As/Since/Seeing/If you don't like Bill。
why did you invite him?既然/如果你不喜欢比尔,你为什么邀请了他?(四)目的状语从句目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。
1.so that, in order that引导的状语从句中常用情态动词;in order that较为正式,引导的状语从句可位于主句前/后;而so that引导的状语从句只能位于主句之后。
She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 5 o'clock.她努力工作,以便在五点前是一切都就绪。
I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus.= In order that I can catch the early bus, I get up early.2. for fear that, in case引导状语从句时,for fear that表示“害怕,担心”某事会发生;in case表示“以防(万一)”出现某种情况。
He was worried for fear(that)the child might hurt himself.他很担心孩子会伤了自己。
Take your raincoat in case it rains.(五)结果状语从句1.结果状语的从句可以由so… that,so that,such…that引导。
=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.= So honest a worker Mike is that we all believe in him.= such an honest worker Mike is that we all believe in him.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.除结果状语从句以外,too…to…,enough to…,so…as to…等结构同样表示结果。
He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus.= He get up too late to catch the bus.= He get up so late as to miss the bus.(六)条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if(如果,假设),unless(除非,若不,除非在……的时候),on condition(that)...(在……条件下),suppose/supposing(如果,假设),provided that(假如,除非,以……为条件),so/as long as(只要),in case (如果)主句用一般将来时,if或unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。
【注:在条件状语从句中,绝大数情况下some要变为any。
】You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。
I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保密。
Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗?He won't be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.如果我们提前征求一下他的意见,他就不会在会上反对我们。
从上述例句可以看出if, unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided等词引导的条件状语从句,主从句条件关系分明,结构清晰。
但有些句子,虽没有含条件关系的连词,却也隐含着条件关系,这些句子常用一些词,如but for, without等引出一个介词结构来表示条件,条件应该是虚拟的,或与事实相反的假设。
如:but for若非,要不是But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我们的旅行肯定会很愉快。
But for your help, we should not have finished in time.要不是你帮忙,我们肯定不能及时完成任务经典语句:If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.If you open the door,i will come in.(七)让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:⑴though, although表示“虽然,纵然”之意这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。
在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet, still或never,the less连用,但不能与but连用。
Though I believe it, yet I must consider.尽管我相信这一点,但我还得考虑考虑。
Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。
Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。
注意:although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。
例如:She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard.她虽然不用功学习,考试却及格了。
⑵as(though)as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。
Object as/though you may, I’ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I’ll go.)纵使你反对,我也要去。
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.=Though he was a child, ……虽然他是一个孩子,但他知道该做什么。
Fas t as you read, you can’t finish the book so soon.纵然你读得快,你也不能这么快读完这本书。
(3)whether...or...(不管…还是…);疑问词+-ever与no matter+疑问词(不管…;无论)Whether you believe it or not, it is true.Whatever(=no matter what) you say, he won’t believe you.Whoever(=no matter who) you are, you must obey the rules.注意:Whatever,Whoever,Whomever,Whichever还可以引导名词性从句。