罗斯《公司理财》(第11版)章节题库(第21章 租赁)【圣才出品】

Chapter 22Options and Corporate Finance Multiple Choice Questions1. A financial contract that gives its owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specified asset at an agreed-upon price on or before a given future date is called a(n) _____ contract.A. optionB. futuresC. forwardD. swapE. straddle2. The act where an owner of an option buys or sells the underlying asset, as is his right, is called ______ the option.A. strikingB. exercisingC. openingD. splittingE. strangling3. The fixed price in an option contract at which the owner can buy or sell the underlying asset is called the option's:A. opening price.B. intrinsic value.C. strike price.D. market price.E. time value.4. The last day on which an owner of an option can elect to exercise is the _____ date.A. ex-paymentB. ex-optionC. openingD. expirationE. intrinsic5. An option that may be exercised at any time up to its expiration date is called a(n) _____ option.A. futuresB. AsianC. BermudanD. EuropeanE. American6. An option that may be exercised only on the expiration date is called a(n) _____ option.A. EuropeanB. AmericanC. BermudanD. futuresE. Asian7. A _____ is a derivative security that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to buy an asset at a fixed price for a specified period of time.A. futures contractB. call optionC. put optionD. swapE. forward contract8. A _____ is a derivative security that gives the owner the right, but not the obligation, to sell an asset at a fixed price for a specified period of time.A. futures contractB. call optionC. put optionD. swapE. forward contract9. A trading opportunity that offers a riskless profit is called a(n):A. put option.B. call option.C. market equilibrium.D. arbitrage.E. cross-hedge.10. The value of an option if it were to immediately expire, that is, its lower pricing bound, is called an option's _____ value.A. strikeB. marketC. volatilityD. timeE. intrinsic11. The relationship between the prices of the underlying stock, a call option, a put option, anda riskless asset is referred to as the _____ relationship.A. put-call parityB. covered callC. protective putD. straddleE. strangle12. The effect on an option's value of a small change in the value of the underlying asset is called the option:A. theta.B. vega.C. rho.D. delta.E. gamma.13. An option that grants the right, but not the obligation, to sell shares of the underlying asset on a particular date at a specified price is called:A. either an American or a European option.B. an American call.C. an American put.D. a European put.E. a European call.14. Which one of the following provides the option of selling a stock anytime during the option period at a specified price even if the market price of the stock declines to zero?A. American callB. European callC. American putD. European putE. either an American or a European put15. Given an exercise price, time to maturity, and European put-call parity, the present value of the strike price plus the call option is equal to:A. the current market value of the stock.B. the present value of the stock minus a put option.C. a put option minus the market value of the share of stock.D. the value of a U.S. Treasury bill.E. the share of stock plus the put option.16. You can realize the same value as that derived from stock ownership if you:A. sell a put option and invest at the risk-free rate of return.B. buy a call option and write a put option on a stock and also borrow funds at the risk-free rate.C. sell a put and buy a call on a stock as well as invest at the risk-free rate of return.D. lend out funds at the risk-free rate of return and sell a put option on the stock.E. borrow funds at the risk-free rate of return and invest the proceeds in equivalent amounts of put and call options.17. Which one of the following statements correctly describes your situation as the owner of an American call option?A. You are obligated to buy at a set price at any time up to and including the expiration date.B. You have the right to sell at a set price at any time up to and including the expiration date.C. You have the right to buy at a set price only on the expiration date.D. You are obligated to sell at a set price if the option is exercised.E. You have the right to buy at a set price at any time up to and including the expiration date.18. Jeff opted to exercise his August option on August 10 and received $2,500 in exchange for his shares. Jeff must have owned a (an):A. warrant.B. American call.C. American put.D. European call.E. European put.19. Jillian owns an option which gives her the right to purchase shares of WAN stock at a price of $20 a share. Currently, WAN stock is selling for $24.50. Jillian would like to profit on this stock but is not permitted to exercise her option for another two weeks.Which of the following statements apply to this situation?I. Jillian must own a European call option.II. Jillian must own an American put option.III. Jillian should sell her option today if she feels the price of WAN stock will decline significantly over the next two weeks.IV. Jillian cannot profit today from the price increase in WAN stock.A. I and III onlyB. II and IV onlyC. I and IV onlyD. II and III onlyE. I, III, and IV only20. The difference between an American call and a European call is that the American call:A. has a fixed exercise price while the European exercise price can vary within a small range.B. is a right to buy while a European call is an obligation to buy.C. has an expiration date while the European call does not.D. is written on 100 shares of the underlying security while the European call covers 1,000 shares.E. can be exercised at any time up to the expiration date while the European call can only be exercised on the expiration date.21. If a call has a positive intrinsic value at expiration the call is said to be:A. funded.B. unfunded.C. at the money.D. in the money.E. out of the money.22. A put option with a $35 exercise price on ABC stock expires today. The current price of ABC stock is $36.The put is:A. funded.B. unfunded.C. at the money.D. in the money.E. out of the money.23. The maximum value of a call option is equal to:A. the strike price minus the initial cost of the option.B. the exercise price plus the price of the underlying stock.C. the strike price.D. the price of the underlying stock.E. the purchase price.24. The lower bound on a call's value is either the:A. strike price or zero, whichever is greater.B. stock price minus the exercise price or zero, whichever is greater.C. strike price or the stock price, whichever is lower.D. strike price or zero, whichever is lower.E. stock price minus the exercise price or zero, whichever is lower.25. The lower bound of a call option:A. can be a negative value regardless of the stock or exercise prices.B. can be a negative value but only when the exercise price exceeds the stock price.C. can be a negative value but only when the stock price exceeds the exercise price.D. must be greater than zero.E. can be equal to zero.26. The intrinsic value of a call is:I. the value of the call if it were about to expire.II. equal to the lower bound of a call's value.III. another name for the market price of a call.IV. always equal to zero if the call is currently out of the money.A. I and III onlyB. II and IV onlyC. I and II onlyD. II, III, and IV onlyE. I, II, and IV only27. The intrinsic value of a put is equal to the:A. lesser of the strike price or the stock price.B. lesser of the stock price minus the exercise price or zero.C. lesser of the stock price or zero.D. greater of the strike price minus the stock price or zero.E. greater of the stock price minus the exercise price or zero.28. Which of the following statements are correct concerning option values?I. The value of a call increases as the price of the underlying stock increases. II. The value of a call decreases as the exercise price increases.III. The value of a put increases as the price of the underlying stock increases. IV. The value of a put decreases as the exercise price increases.A. I and III onlyB. II and IV onlyC. I and II onlyD. II and III onlyE. I, II, and IV only29. The value of a call increases when:I. the time to expiration increases.II. the stock price increases.III. the risk-free rate of return increases.IV. the volatility of the price of the underlying stock increases.A. I and III onlyB. II, III, and IV onlyC. I, III, and IV onlyD. I, II, and III onlyE. I, II, III, and IV30. Which one of the following will cause the value of a call to decrease?A. lowering the exercise priceB. increasing the time to expirationC. increasing the risk-free rateD. lowering the risk level of the underlying securityE. increasing the stock price31. Assume that you own both a May 40 put and a May 40 call on ABC stock. Which one of the following statements is correct concerning your option positions? Ignore taxes and transaction costs.A. An increase in the stock price will increase the value of your put and decrease the value of your call.B. Both a May 45 put and a May 45 call will have higher values than your May 40 options.C. The time premiums on both your put and call are less than the time premiums on equivalent June options.D. A decrease in the stock price will decrease the value of both of your options.E. You cannot profit on your position as your profits on one option will be offset by losses on the other option.32. You own both a May 20 call and a May 20 put. If the call finishes in the money, then the put will:A. also finish in the money.B. finish at the money.C. finish out of the money.D. either finish at the money or in the money.E. either finish at the money or out of the money.33. You own stock in a firm that has a pure discount loan due in six months. The loan has a face value of $50,000. The assets of the firm are currently worth $62,000. The stockholders in this firm basically own a _____ option on the assets of the firm with a strike price of ______A. put; $62,000.B. put; $50,000.C. warrant; $62,000.D. call; $62,000.E. call; $50,000.34. The owner of a call option has the:A. right but not the obligation to buy a stock at a specified price on a specified date.B. right but not the obligation to buy a stock at a specified price during a specified period of time.C. obligation to buy a stock on a specified date but only at the specified price.D. obligation to buy a stock sometime during a specified period of time at the specified price.E. obligation to buy a stock at the lower of the exercise price or the market price on the expiration date.35. In the Black-Scholes option pricing formula, N(d1) is the probability that a standardized, normally distributed random variable is:A. less than or equal to N(d2).B. less than one.C. equal to one.D. equal to d1.E. less than or equal to d1.36. To compute the value of a put using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, you:A. first have to apply the put-call parity relationship.B. first have to compute the value of the put as if it is a call.C. compute the value of an equivalent call and then subtract that value from one.D. compute the value of an equivalent call and then subtract that value from the market price of the stock.E. compute the value of an equivalent call and then multiply that value by e-RT.37. If you consider the equity of a firm to be an option on the firm's assets then the act of paying off debt is comparable to _____ on the assets of the firm.A. purchasing a put optionB. purchasing a call optionC. exercising an in-the-money put optionD. exercising an in-the-money call optionE. selling a call option38. For every positive net present value project that a firm undertakes, the equity in the firm will increase the most if the delta of the call option on the firm's assets is:A. equal to one.B. between zero and one.C. equal to zero.D. between zero and minus one.E. equal to minus one.39. Shareholders in a leveraged firm might wish to accept a negative net present value project if:A. it increases the standard deviation of the returns on the firm's assets.B. it lowers the variance of the returns on the firm's assets.C. it lowers the risk level of the firm.D. it diversifies the cash flows of the firm.E. it decreases the risk that a firm will default on its debt.40. Which of the following statements is true?A. American options are options on securities of U.S. corporations, and the options are traded on American exchanges. European options are options on securities of U.S. corporations, but the options are traded on European exchanges.B. American options are options on securities which are traded on American exchanges. European options, also traded on American exchanges, are options on European corporations.C. American options give the holder the right to the dividend payment. European options do not.D. American options may be exercised anytime up to expiration. European options may be exercised only at expiration.E. None of the above.41. An out-of-the-money call option is one that:A. has an exercise price below the current market price of the underlying security.B. should not be exercised.C. has an exercise price above the current market price of the underlying security.D. Both A and B.E. Both B and C.42. Which of the following is not true concerning call option writers?A. Writers promise to deliver shares if exercised by the buyer.B. The writer has the option to sell shares but not an obligation.C. The writer's liability is zero if the option expires out-of-the-money.D. The writer receives a cash payment from the buyer at the time the option is purchased.E. The writer has a loss if the market price rises substantially above the exercise price.43. An in-the-money put option is one that:A. has an exercise price greater than the underlying stock price.B. has an exercise price less than the underlying stock price.C. has an exercise price equal to the underlying stock price.D. should not be exercised at expiration.E. should not be exercised at any time.44. Which of the following statements is true?A. At expiration the maximum price of a call is the greater of (Stock Price - Exercise) or 0.B. At expiration the maximum price of a call is the greater of (Exercise - Stock Price) or 0.C. At expiration the maximum price of a put is the greater of (Stock Price - Exercise) or 0.D. At expiration the maximum price of a put is the greater of (Exercise - Stock Price) or 0.E. Both A and D.45. Put-call parity can be used to show:A. how far in-the-money put options can get.B. how far in-the-money call options can get.C. the precise relationship between put and call prices given equal exercise prices and equal expiration dates.D. that the value of a call option is always twice that of a put given equal exercise prices and equal expiration dates.E. that the value of a call option is always half that of a put given equal exercise prices and equal expiration dates.Tele-Tech Com announces a major expansion into Internet services. This announcement causes the price of Tele-Tech Com stock to increase, but also causes an increase in price volatility of the stock.46. Which of the following correctly identifies the impact of these changes on a call option of Tele-Tech Com?A. Both changes cause the price of the call option to decrease.B. Both changes cause the price of the call option to increase.C. The greater uncertainty will cause the price of the call option to decrease. The higher price of the stock will cause the price of the call option to increase.D. The greater uncertainty will cause the price of the call option to increase. The higher price of the stock will cause the price of the call option to decrease.E. The greater uncertainty has no direct effect on the price of the call option. The higher price of the stock will cause the price of the call option to decrease.47. Which of the following correctly identifies the impact of these changes on a put option of Tele-Tech Com?A. Both changes cause the price of the put option to decrease.B. Both changes cause the price of the put option to increase.C. The greater uncertainty will cause the price of the put option to decrease. The higher price of the stock will cause the price of the put option to increase.D. The greater uncertainty will cause the price of the put option to increase. The higher price of the stock will cause the price of the put option to decrease.E. The greater uncertainty has no direct effect on the price of the put option. The higher price of the stock will cause the price of the put option to decrease.48. The delta of a call measures:A. the change in the ending stock value.B. the change in the ending option value.C. the swing in the price of the call relative to the swing in stock price.D. the ratio of the change in the exercise price to the change in the stock price.E. None of the above.49. The Black-Scholes option pricing model is dependent on which five parameters?A. Stock price, exercise price, risk free rate, probability, and time to maturityB. Stock price, risk free rate, probability, time to maturity, and varianceC. Stock price, risk free rate, probability, variance and exercise priceD. Stock price, exercise price, risk free rate, variance and time to maturityE. Exercise price, probability, stock price, variance and time to maturity50. What is the cost of five November 25 call option contracts on KNJ stock given the following price quotes?A. $615B. $660C. $2,500D. $3,075E. $3,30051. What is the value of one November 35 put contract?A. $70B. $460C. $510D. $4,600E. $5,10052. What is the intrinsic value of the August 25 call?A. $0.10B. $5.86C. $6.15D. $10.00E. $25.0053. You purchased six TJH call option contracts with a strike price of $40 when the option was quoted at $1.30. The option expires today when the value of TJH stock is $41.90. Ignoring trading costs and taxes, what is your total profit or loss on your investment?A. $60B. $320C. $360D. $420E. $54054. You purchased four WXO 30 call option contracts at a quoted price of $.34. What is your net gain or loss on this investment if the price of WXO is $33.60 on the option expiration date?A. -$1,576B. -$136C. $1,304D. $1,440E. $1,57655. You wrote ten call option contracts on JIG stock with a strike price of $40 and an option price of $.40. What is your net gain or loss on this investment if the price of JIG is $46.05 on the option expiration date?A. -$6,450B. -$5,650C. $400D. $5,650E. $6,45056. The market price of ABC stock has been very volatile and you think this volatility will continue for a few weeks. Thus, you decide to purchase a one-month call option contract on ABC stock with a strike price of $25 and an option price of $1.30. You also purchase aone-month put option on ABC stock with a strike price of $25 and an option price of $.50. What will be your total profit or loss on these option positions if the stock price is $24.60 on the day the options expire?A. -$180B. -$140C. -$100D. $0E. $18057. Several rumors concerning Wyslow, Inc. stock have started circulating. These rumors are causing the market price of the stock to be quite volatile. Given this situation, you decide to buy both a one-month put and a one month call option on this stock with an exercise price of $15. You purchased the call at a quoted price of $.20 and the put at a price of $2.10. What will be your total profit or loss on these option positions if the stock price is $4 on the day the options expire?A. -$230B. $870C. $890D. $910E. $1,31058. Three months ago, you purchased a put option on WXX stock with a strike price of $60 and an option price of $.60. The option expires today when the value of WXX stock is $62.50. Ignoring trading costs and taxes, what is your total profit or loss on your investment?A. -$310B. -$60C. $0D. $60E. $19059. You sold ten put option contracts on PLT stock with an exercise price of $32.50 and an option price of $1.10. Today, the option expires and the underlying stock is selling for $34.30 a share. Ignoring trading costs and taxes, what is your total profit or loss on this investment?A. -$2,900B. -$1,100C. $700D. $1,100E. $2,90060. You sold a put contract on EDF stock at an option price of $.40. The option had an exercise price of $20. The option was exercised. Today, EDF stock is selling for $19 a share. What is your total profit or loss on all of your transactions related to EDF stock assuming that you close out your positions in this stock today? Ignore transaction costs and taxes.A. -$140B. -$60C. $40D. $60E. $14061. You own two call option contracts on ABC stock with a strike price of $15. When you purchased the contracts the option price was $1.20 and the stock price was $15.90. What is the total intrinsic value of these options if ABC stock is currently selling for $14.50 a share?A. -$280B. -$180C. -$100D. $0E. $10062. You own five put option contracts on XYZ stock with an exercise price of $25. What is the total intrinsic value of these contracts if XYZ stock is currently selling for $24.50 a share?A. -$250B. -$50C. $0D. $50E. $25063. Last week, you purchased a call option on Denver, Inc. stock at an option price of $1.05. The stock price last week was $28.10. The strike price is $27.50. What is the intrinsic value per share if Denver, Inc. stock is currently priced at $29.03?A. -$1.05B. $0C. $.48D. $.93E. $1.5364. Three weeks ago, you purchased a July 45 put option on RPJ stock at an option price of $3.20. The market price of RPJ stock three weeks ago was $42.70. Today, RPJ stock is selling at $44.75 a share and the July 45 put is priced at $.80. What is the intrinsic value of your put contract?A. -$295B. -$210C. $0D. $25E. $11065. You own a call option on Jasper Co. stock that expires in one year. The exercise price is $42.50. The current price of the stock is $56.00 and the risk-free rate of return is 3.5%. Assume that the option will finish in the money. What is the current value of the call option?A. $13.04B. $13.50C. $13.97D. $14.94E. $15.4666. You currently own a one-year call option on Way-One, Inc. stock. The current stock price is $26.50 and the risk-free rate of return is 4%. Your option has a strike price of $20 and you assume that it will finish in the money. What is the current value of your call option?A. $6.25B. $6.50C. $6.76D. $7.13E. $7.2767. The common stock of Mercury Motors is selling for $43.90 a share. U.S. Treasury bills are currently yielding 4.5%. What is the current value of a one-year call option on Mercury Motors stock if the exercise price is $37.50 and you assume the option will finish in the money?A. $6.12B. $6.40C. $6.69D. $7.67E. $8.0168. The common stock of Winsson, Inc. is currently priced at $52.50 a share. One year from now, the stock price is expected to be either $54 or $60 a share. The risk-free rate of return is 4%. What is the value of one call option on Winsson stock with an exercise price of $55?A. $0.39B. $0.41C. $0.45D. $0.48E. $0.5169. You own one call option with an exercise price of $30 on Nadia Interiors stock. This stock is currently selling for $27.80 a share but is expected to increase to either $28 or $34 a share over the next year. The risk-free rate of return is 5% and the inflation rate is 3%. What is the current value of your option if it expires in one year?A. $0.76B. $0.79C. $0.89D. $0.92E. $0.9570. The assets of Blue Light Specials are currently worth $2,100. These assets are expected to be worth either $1,800 or $2,300 one year from now. The company has a pure discount bond outstanding with a $2,000 face value and a maturity date of one year. The risk-free rate is 5%. What is the value of the equity in this firm?A. $166.67B. $231.42C. $385.71D. $405.00E. $714.2971. Big Ed's Electrical has a pure discount bond that comes due in one year and has a face value of $1,000. The risk-free rate of return is 4%. The assets of Big Ed's are expected to be worth either $800 or $1,300 in one year. Currently, these assets are worth $1,140. What is the current value of the debt of Big Ed's Electrical?A. $222.46B. $370.77C. $514.28D. $769.23E. $917.5472. Martha B's has total assets of $1,750. These assets are expected to increase in value to either $1,800 or $2,400 by next year. The company has a pure discount bond outstanding with a face value of $2,000.This bond matures in one year. Currently, U.S. Treasury bills are yielding 6%. What is the value of the equity in this firm?A. $16.98B. $34.59C. $36.67D. $37.08E. $51.8973. Tru-U stock is selling for $36 a share. A 3-month call on Tru-U stock with a strike price of $40 is priced at $1. Risk-free assets are currently returning 0.25% per month. What is the price of a 3-month put on Tru-U stock with a strike price of $40?A. $2.98B. $3.00C. $4.03D. $4.70E. $4.9074. GS, Inc. stock is selling for $28 a share. A 3-month call on GS stock with a strike price of $30 is priced at $1.50. Risk-free assets are currently returning 0.3% per month. What is the price of a 3-month put on GS stock with a strike price of $30?A. $0.50B. $2.02C. $2.73D. $3.23E. $4.0275. J&L, Inc. stock has a current market price of $55 a share. The one-year call on J&L stock with a strike price of $55 is priced at $2.50 while the one-year put with a strike price of $55 is priced at $1. What is the risk-free rate of return?A. 2.71%B. 2.76%C. 2.80%D. 2.84%E. 2.87%76. What is the value of d2 given the following information on a stock?Stock price $63Exercise price $60Time to expiration .50Risk-free rate 6%Standard deviation 20%d1 .627841A. .3133B. .4864C. .5460D. .6867E. .734977. Given the following information, what is the value of d2 as it is used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model?Stock price $42Time to expiration .25Risk-free rate .055Standard deviation .50d1 .375161A. .021608B. .125161C. .175608D. .200161E. .25016178. What is the value of a 9-month call with a strike price of $45 given the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model and the following information?Stock price $48Exercise price $45Time to expiration .75Risk-free rate .05N(d1) .718891N(d2) .641713A. $2.03B. $4.86C. $6.69D. $8.81E. $9.2779. Assume that the delta of a call option on a firm's assets is .792. This means that a $50,000 project will increase the value of equity by:A. $27,902.B. $39,600.C. $43,820.D. $63,131.E. $89,600.80. The current market value of the assets of Bigelow, Inc. is $86 million, with a standard deviation of 15% per year. The firm has zero-coupon bonds outstanding with a total face value of $45 million. These bonds mature in 2 years. The risk-free rate is 4% per year compounded continuously. What is the value of d1?A. 3.54B. 3.62C. 3.68D. 3.71E. 3.75。

一、选择题1．外部融资需要量与下列哪个因素没有明显关系（）。

[中央财经大学2019研] A．销售的增长B．销售净利率C．股利支付率D．负债利率【答案】A【解析】外部融资是指企业向其外部筹集资金，如发行股票、债券，向银行申请贷款等，它一般都要发生筹资费用。

A项，销售的增长并不能直接带来盈利的增加，还要看销售价格与销售成本的大小，其不直接影响外部融资的需要量。

B项，销售净利率又称销售净利润率，是净利润占销售收入的百分比。

销售净利率越高，公司盈利越多，可由公司内部产生现金，这意味着外部融资的需求较少。

C项，股利支付率也称股息发放率，是指净收益中股利所占的比重，股利支付率越高，净收益中用来再投资的资金就越少，公司需要依靠更多的外部筹集来满足资金需要。

D项，负债利率越高，采用外部融资所需要支付的成本就越高，进而会影响公司的外部融资需要量。

2．一家公司有负的净营运资本（net working capital），那么这家公司（）。

[中山大学2018研]A．流动负债比流动资产多B．已陷入破产C．手上没有现金D．需要卖出一些存货来纠正这个问题【答案】A【解析】根据公式：净营运资本＝流动资产－流动负债，净营运资本为负说明流动负债大于流动资产。

3．剩余股利政策的理论依据是（）。

[南京航空航天大学2017研]A．信号理论B．MM理论C．税差理论D．“一鸟在手”理论【答案】B【解析】剩余股利政策是企业在有良好的投资机会时，根据目标资本结构测算出必须的权益资本与既有权益资本的差额，首先将税后利润满足权益资本需要，而后将剩余部分作为股利发放的政策。

剩余股利政策的理论依据是MM理论股利无关论。

该理论认为，在完全资本市场中，股份公司的股利政策与公司普通股每股市价无关，公司派发股利的高低不会对股东的财富产生实质性的影响，公司决策者不必考虑公司的股利分配方式，公司的股利政策将随公司投资、融资方案的制定而确定。

因此，在完全资本市场的条件下，股利完全取决于投资项目需用盈余后的剩余，投资者对于盈利的留存或发放股利毫无偏好。

第20章资本筹集20.1 复习笔记在证券能够于证券市场交易前，必须先将它们发行给公众。

向公众发行证券的公司必须符合联邦法律和法规里所陈述的、由证券交易委员会（SEC）执行的各种要求。

一般来说，发行人必须在注册登记书和招股说明书里提供所有重要的信息。

公开发行的股票可以在承销商的帮助下直接发售给公众，这一做法被称为普通现金发行。

另外还有一种可供选择的方法，公众股可以通过所谓的配股发行方式出售给现有股东。

本章将考察普通现金发行和配股发行的区别。

1．风险资本风险资本（VC）指投资于新的、高风险项目的资本。

风险资本具有以下特点：①VC是一种金融媒介，资金来源于外部投资者，这一点使得风险资本不同于天使资金，天使通常只运用自有资金进行投资；②VC对所投资的企业在监督、建议、监测方面起到积极的作用；③通常VC不想永远拥有它们的投资，而是会寻找退出策略。

2．融资阶段风险资本融资的阶段包括：①种子资金阶段，为证实一个概念或开发一款产品而筹集资金；②导入期，筹集到的资金用于开发市场和产品；③第一轮融资，对已使用完导入期资金并已经开始产品销售和制造的企业追加投资；④第二轮融资，对已经在销售产品但亏损的企业提供资金；⑤第三轮融资，对至少实现盈亏平衡并考虑扩张的企业提供资金，也称夹层融资；⑥第四轮融资，对有希望在半年内上市的企业提供资金，也称过桥融资。

3．公开发行公开发行有两种方法：普通现金发行和配股发行。

普通现金发行指在公开市场上出售证券给所有愿意购买的投资者。

普通现金发行一般包括现金发行包销、现金发行承销、配股直接发行、附权备用发行、上架现金发行和公司现金竞价发行等。

配股发行则是将增加发行的股票出售给现有股东的股票发行方式，指通过采取优先股权的方式，给予现有股东以较优惠的价格优先购买一部分新发行股票的权利，其特点是发行费用低并可维持现有股东在公司的持股比例不变。

配股发行方式下，发给股东一种可以在确定的时间里按确定的价格从公司买入确定数量新股的选择权，这种选择权过期失效。

第21章租赁21.1 复习笔记租赁是承租人和出租人之间的一项契约性协议。

协议规定了承租人拥有使用租赁资产的权利，且必须定期向出租人支付租金，出租人是资产的所有者。

租赁既有短期租赁，也有长期租赁，本章主要是关于租赁期限长于5年的长期租赁。

1．租赁租赁是指出租人以收取租金为条件，在契约或合同规定的期限内，将资产租借给承租人使用的一种经济行为。

租赁行为在实质上具有借贷属性，不过它直接涉及的是实物而不是钱。

在租赁业务中，出租人主要是各种专业租赁公司，承租人主要是其他各类企业，租赁物大多为设备等固定资产。

2．租赁的分类（1）融资租赁。

融资租赁是指由租赁公司按照承租企业的要求购买设备，并在契约或合同规定的较长期限内提供给承租企业使用的信用性业务，也称为资本租赁、财务租赁。

它是现代租赁的主要类型。

承租企业采用融资租赁的主要目的是为了融通资金。

一般融资的对象是资金，而融资租赁集融资与租赁于一身，具有借贷性质，是承租企业筹集长期资金的一种特殊方式。

融资租赁要有三方当事人（出租人、承租人和出卖人）参与，通常由两个合同（融资租赁合同、买卖合同）或者两个以上合同构成，其内容是融资，表现形式是融物。

融资租赁的形式包括直接租赁、售后回租和杠杆租赁三种。

固定资产租赁业务如具有下列情况之一，通常确认为融资租赁：①在租赁期满时，资产的所有权由出租人转让给承租人；②承租人有廉价购买选择权；③租赁期为资产使用年限的大部分（如75%以上）；④租赁开始日租赁应付款的现值之和不小于租赁资产的公允价值。

（2）经营租赁。

经营租赁是指由出租人向承租企业提供租赁设备，并提供设备维修保养和人员培训等服务性业务，也称为营运租赁、服务租赁。

经营租赁通常为短期租赁。

承租企业采用经营租赁的目的，主要不在于融通资本，而是获得设备的短期使用和出租人提供的专门技术服务。

从承租企业无须先筹资再购买设备即可享有设备使用权的角度来看，经营租赁也有短期筹资的作用。

（3）融资租赁与经营租赁的区别。

精研学习>网>>>免费试用百分之20资料全国547所院校视频及题库全收集考研全套>视频资料>课后答案>历年真题>全收集本书是罗斯的《公司理财》（第11版）（机械工业出版社）的学习辅导书。

本书遵循该教材的章目编排，包括8篇，共分31章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记；第二部分为课（章）后习题详解。

本书具有以下几个方面的特点：（1）浓缩内容精华，整理名校笔记。

本书每章的复习笔记对本章的重难点进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授罗斯的《公司理财》的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。

（2）精选考研真题，强化知识考点。

部分考研涉及到的重点章节，选择经典真题，并对相关重要知识点进行了延伸和归纳。

（3）解析课后习题，提供详尽答案。

国内外教材一般没有提供课（章）后习题答案或者答案很简单，本书参考国外教材的英文答案和相关资料对每章的习题进行了详细的分析。

（4）补充相关要点，强化专业知识。

一般来说，国外英文教材的中译本不太符合中国学生的思维习惯，有些语言的表述不清或条理性不强而给学习带来了不便，因此，对每章复习笔记的一些重要知识点和一些习题的解答，我们在不违背原书原意的基础上结合其他相关经典教材进行了必要的整理和分析。

本书提供电子书及打印版，方便对照复习。

第1篇概论第1章公司理财导论1.1复习笔记1.2课后习题详解第2章会计报表与现金流量2.1复习笔记2.2课后习题详解第3章财务报表分析与长期计划3.1复习笔记3.2课后习题详解第2篇估值与资本预算第4章折现现金流量估价4.1复习笔记4.2课后习题详解第5章净现值和投资评价的其他方法5.1复习笔记5.2课后习题详解第6章投资决策6.1复习笔记6.2课后习题详解第7章风险分析、实物期权和资本预算7.1复习笔记7.2课后习题详解第8章利率和债券估值8.1复习笔记8.2课后习题详解第9章股票估值9.1复习笔记9.2课后习题详解第3篇风险第10章收益和风险：从市场历史得到的经验10.1复习笔记10.2课后习题详解第11章收益和风险：资本资产定价模型11.1复习笔记11.2课后习题详解第12章看待风险与收益的另一种观点：套利定价理论12.1复习笔记12.2课后习题详解第13章风险、资本成本和估值13.1复习笔记13.2课后习题详解第4篇资本结构与股利政策第14章有效资本市场和行为挑战14.1复习笔记14.2课后习题详解第15章长期融资：简介15.1复习笔记15.2课后习题详解第16章资本结构：基本概念16.1复习笔记16.2课后习题详解第17章资本结构：债务运用的限制17.1复习笔记17.2课后习题详解第18章杠杆企业的估价与资本预算18.1复习笔记18.2课后习题详解第19章股利政策和其他支付政策19.1复习笔记19.2课后习题详解第5篇长期融资第20章资本筹集20.1复习笔记20.2课后习题详解第21章租赁21.1复习笔记21.2课后习题详解第6篇期权、期货与公司理财第22章期权与公司理财22.1复习笔记22.2课后习题详解第23章期权与公司理财：推广与应用23.1复习笔记23.2课后习题详解第24章认股权证和可转换债券24.1复习笔记24.2课后习题详解第25章衍生品和套期保值风险25.1复习笔记25.2课后习题详解第7篇短期财务第26章短期财务与计划26.1复习笔记26.2课后习题详解第27章现金管理27.1复习笔记27.2课后习题详解第28章信用和存货管理28.1复习笔记28.2课后习题详解第8篇理财专题第29章收购与兼并29.1复习笔记29.2课后习题详解第30章财务困境30.1复习笔记30.2课后习题详解第31章跨国公司财务31.1复习笔记31.2课后习题详解。

第一部分考研真题精选一、选择题1．外部融资需要量与下列哪个因素没有明显关系（）。

[中央财经大学2019研] A．销售的增长B．销售净利率C．股利支付率D．负债利率【答案】A【解析】外部融资是指企业向其外部筹集资金，如发行股票、债券，向银行申请贷款等，它一般都要发生筹资费用。

A项，销售的增长并不能直接带来盈利的增加，还要看销售价格与销售成本的大小，其不直接影响外部融资的需要量。

B项，销售净利率又称销售净利润率，是净利润占销售收入的百分比。

销售净利率越高，公司盈利越多，可由公司内部产生现金，这意味着外部融资的需求较少。

C项，股利支付率也称股息发放率，是指净收益中股利所占的比重，股利支付率越高，净收益中用来再投资的资金就越少，公司需要依靠更多的外部筹集来满足资金需要。

D项，负债利率越高，采用外部融资所需要支付的成本就越高，进而会影响公司的外部融资需要量。

2．一家公司有负的净营运资本（net working capital），那么这家公司（）。

[中山大学2018研]A．流动负债比流动资产多B．已陷入破产1 / 206C．手上没有现金D．需要卖出一些存货来纠正这个问题【答案】A【解析】根据公式：净营运资本＝流动资产－流动负债，净营运资本为负说明流动负债大于流动资产。

3．剩余股利政策的理论依据是（）。

[南京航空航天大学2017研]A．信号理论B．MM理论C．税差理论D．“一鸟在手”理论【答案】B【解析】剩余股利政策是企业在有良好的投资机会时，根据目标资本结构测算出必须的权益资本与既有权益资本的差额，首先将税后利润满足权益资本需要，而后将剩余部分作为股利发放的政策。

剩余股利政策的理论依据是MM理论股利无关论。

该理论认为，在完全资本市场中，股份公司的股利政策与公司普通股每股市价无关，公司派发股利的高低不会对股东的财富产生实质性的影响，公司决策者不必考虑公司的股利分配方式，公司的股利政策将随公司投资、融资方案的制定而确定。

Chapter 21Leasing Multiple Choice Questions1. In a lease arrangement, the owner of the asset is:A. the lesser.B. the lessee.C. the lessor.D. the leaser.E. None of the above.2. In a lease arrangement, the user of the asset is:A. the lesser.B. the lessee.C. the lessor.D. the leaser.E. None of the above.3. Which of the following would not be a characteristic of a financial lease?A. They are not usually fully amortized.B. They usually do not have maintenance necessary for the leased assets.C. They usually do not include a cancellation option.D. The lessee usually has the right to renew the lease at expiration.E. All of the above are characteristics of financial leases.4. An independent leasing company supplies ___________ leases versus the manufacturer who supplies ________________ leases.A. leveraged; directB. sales and leaseback; sales-typeC. capital; sales-typeD. direct; sales-typeE. None of the above5. Which of the following is not a financial lease?A. A leveraged leaseB. An operating leaseC. A sale-and-leasebackD. Both A and B.E. None of the above.6. If the lessor borrows much of the purchase price of a leased asset, the lease is called:A. a leveraged lease.B. a sale-and-leaseback.C. a capital lease.D. a nonrecourse lease.E. None of the above.7. An operating lease's primary characteristics are:A. fully amortized, lessee maintains equipment and there is no cancellation clause.B. not fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is a cancellation clause.C. fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is a cancellation clause.D. not fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is not cancellation clause.E. fully amortized, lessee maintains equipment and lessee can acquire assets at end of lease for fair market value.8. If a lease is for 35 years, it is regarded as a:A. financial lease.B. operating lease.C. capital lease.D. conditional sale.E. sale and leaseback.9. The city of Oakland sold some buildings and used the proceeds to improve its financial position. The city then leased the buildings back in order to continue to use these facilities. This is an example of:A. an operating lease.B. a short-term lease.C. a sale and leaseback.D. a fully amortized lease.E. None of the above.10. A financial lease has the following as its primary characteristics:A. is fully amortized, lessee maintains equipment and there is no renewal clause and no cancellation clause.B. is not fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is a renewal clause but no cancellation clause.C. is fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is a renewal clause and a no cancellation clause.D. is not fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is a renewal clause.E. is fully amortized, lessee maintains equipment and there is a renewal clause and a no cancellation clause.11. An advantage of leasing is that the lessor does not own the asset and can cancel:A. only financial leases.B. only operating leases.C. only capital leases.D. any kind of leases anytime.E. None of the above.12. A leveraged lease typically involves a non-recourse loan in which:A. the lessee's payments go directly to the lender in case of default.B. the lessor is not obligated in case of default.C. the third party lenders have a first lien on the assets.D. All of the above.E. None of the above.13. For accounting purposes, which of the following conditions would automatically cause a lease to be a capital lease?A. The lessee can purchase the asset below fair market value at the end of the lease.B. The lease transfers ownership of the asset to the lessee by the end of the lease.C. The lease term is more than 75% of the asset's economic life.D. The present value of the lease payments is more than 90% of the asset's market value at lease inception.E. All of the above would lead to the lease being considered a capital lease.14. Capital leases would show up on the balance sheet of the firm in which manner for a six year machinery lease worth $700,000?A. Capital leases do not have to be put on the balance sheet; only financial leases do.B. Asset - Machinery $700,000; Liabilities - Long Term debt $700,000 because of debt displacement.C. Asset - Assets under Capital Lease $700,000; Liabilities - Obligations under Capital Lease $700,000.D. Assets - Assets under Capital Lease $700,000; Liabilities - Long Term Debt $700,000 because of debt displacement.E. None of the above.15. Prior to FASB 13, "Accounting for Leases", lease activity was only reported in financial footnotes. This off-balance-sheet-financing made firms with:A. capital leases appear financially stronger than firms that used debt to purchase the asset.B. operating leases appear financially stronger than firms that used debt to purchase the asset.C. leases of any type appear financially stronger than firms that used debt to purchase the asset.D. All of the above.E. None of the above.16. Which of the following is not an implication of FASB 13, Accounting for Leases?A. FASB 13 requires that the PV of the lease payments appear on the right hand side of the balance sheet.B. FASB 13 requires that the present value of the asset appear on the left hand side of the balance sheet.C. FASB 13 allows for off-balance-sheet financing for operating leases.D. All of the above.E. None of the above.17. The reason the IRS is most concerned about lease contracts is:A. firms that lease generally pay no taxes.B. that leasing usually leads to bankruptcy.C. that leases can be set up solely to avoid taxes.D. because leasing leads to off-balance-sheet-financing.E. All of the above.18. A lease with high payments early in its life which then decline to termination would:A. provide greater cash flow to the lessee in the beginning years.B. be evidence of tax avoidance and not acceptable to the IRS.C. be qualified as a capital lease under FASB 13.D. provide a lower residual value and thus ensure a bargain-purchase price option.E. All of the above.19. In valuing the lease versus purchase option, the relevant cash flows are the:A. tax shield from depreciation.B. investment outlay for the equipment.C. a decrease in the firm's operating costs that are not affected by leasing.D. All of the above are relevant.E. None of the above are relevant.20. The appropriate discount rate for valuing a financial lease is:A. the firm's after-tax weighted average cost of capital.B. the after-tax required return on assets of risks similar to the leased asset.C. the after-tax cost of secured borrowing.D. Either A or B.E. All of the above.21. The WACC is not used in the lease versus purchase decision because:A. the WACC was used in the decision to acquire the asset, this is only a financing decision.B. the WACC is used only when a lease alone is considered and not a lease versus purchase.C. the WACC does not include the lease cost of capital and therefore should not be used.D. tax rates of the lessor may be different than the lessee and therefore the WACC is incorrect.E. when a bank arranges a lease they do not consider the lessee's cost of capital.22. Firms that use financial leases must consider their debt-to-equity ratios as inadequate measures of financial leverage because:A. lenders are concerned about the firm's total liabilities and related cash flow.B. debt displacement occurs with leasing.C. less future debt can be raised for a growing firm when a lease is used.D. All of the above.E. None of the above.23. ______ would be evidence the lease is being used to avoid taxes and not a legitimate business purpose.A. Early balloon paymentsB. Late balloon paymentsC. Capitalizing a leaseD. Transfer of lease payments to a second ownerE. None of the above24. Debt displacement is associated with leases because:A. all assets not purchased with equity use debt financing.B. debt is always a cheaper source of financing and preferred to equity financing.C. FASB 13 and the IRS mandate debt displacement.D. lease financing is all debt and causes an imbalance in the optimal debt to equity ratio which reduces future debt financing.E. None of the above.25. A lease is likely to be most beneficial to both parties when:A. the lessor's tax rate is lower than the lessee's.B. the lessor's tax rate is higher than the lessee's.C. the lessor's tax rate is equal to the lessee's.D. a lease cannot be beneficial to both parties.E. a lease always has zero NPV, so both parties always break even.26. The price or lease payment that the lessee sets as their bound is known as:A. the present value of the tax shields.B. the reservation payment, L MIN.C. the present value of operating savings.D. the reservation payment, L MAX.E. None of the above.27. Which of the following is probably not a good reason for leasing instead of buying?A. Taxes may be reduced by leasing.B. Leasing may reduce transactions costs.C. Leasing may provide a beneficial reduction of uncertainty.D. All of the above are good reasons.E. All of the above are not good reasons.28. Which of the following is probably a good reason for leasing instead of buying?A. Leasing provides 100% financing.B. Leasing is not considered a form of debt financing.C. Leasing may increase EPS relative to buying.D. All of the above are good reasons.E. None of the above is a good reason.29. Some assets are leased more than others because:A. the value of the asset under a lease is not highly affected by term of use or maintenance decisions.B. a lease may be used to fool clients into "buying" high priced assets above market value.C. leasing allows sellers to attract clients with low prices as the basis for setting the contract.D. Both A and B.E. Both A and C.30. To meet IRS guidelines for leasing, the lease should:A. limit the lessee's right to issue debt or pay dividends while the lease is operative.B. not limit the lessee's right to issue debt or pay dividends while the lease is operative.C. pay a very high return to the lessor.D. transfer ownership of the asset at the end of the lease at below fair market value.E. be over 30 years.Your firm is considering leasing a new computer. The lease lasts for 9 years. The lease calls for 10 payments of $1,000 per year with the first payment occurring immediately. The computer would cost $7,650 to buy and would be straight-line depreciated to a zero salvage value over 9 years. The actual salvage value is negligible because of technological obsolescence. The firm can borrow at a rate of 8%. The corporate tax rate is 30%.31. What is the after-tax cash flow from leasing relative to the after-tax cash flow from purchasing in years 1-9?A. $-255B. $-955C. $-1,295D. $-1,850E. None of the above32. What is the after-tax cash flow from leasing relative to the after-tax cash flow from purchasing in year 0?A. $-4,865B. $-700C. $6,950D. $7,650E. None of the above33. What is the NPV of the lease relative to the purchase?A. $-1,039.78B. $339.78C. $360.22D. $6,610.22E. None of the above34. What would the after-tax cash flow in year 9 be if the asset had a residual value of $500 (ignoring any possible risk differences)?A. $-605B. $-955C. $-1,455D. $-1,305E. None of the above35. This lease would be classified as a(n):A. operating lease because the asset will be obsolete.B. operating lease because there is no amortization.C. leveraged lease because it is being financed.D. capital lease because the lease life is greater than 75% of the economic life.E. sale and leaseback because the company gets full use of the asset.Your firm is considering leasing a new robotic milling control system. The lease lasts for 5 years. The lease calls for 6 payments of $300,000 per year with the first payment occurring at lease inception. The system would cost $1,050,000 to buy and would be straight-line depreciated to a zero salvage value. The actual salvage value is zero. The firm can borrow at 8%, and the corporate tax rate is 34%.36. What is the appropriate discount rate for valuing the lease?A. 2.72%B. 5.28%C. 8.00%D. 12.12%E. None of the above.37. What is the after-tax cash flow from leasing in year 0?A. $300,000B. $495,000C. $852,000D. $948,000E. None of the above38. What is the after-tax cash flow in years 1 through 5?A. $-126,600B. $-198,000C. $-269,400D. $-287,250E. None of the above39. What is the NPV of the lease?A. $-111,690B. $-295,040C. $-305,388D. $-309,690E. None of the above40. What is the maximum lease payment that you would be willing to make?A. $170,655B. $175,000C. $187,842D. $210,307E. None of the above41. What is the minimum lease payment that the lessor would be willing to accept?A. $161,000B. $176,995C. $217,645D. $237,083E. None of the aboveYour firm is considering leasing a new laser light. The lease lasts for 3 years. The lease calls for 4 payments of $10,000 per year with the first payment occurring immediately. The computer would cost $45,000 to buy and would be straight-line depreciated to a zero salvage value over 3 years. The actual salvage value is negligible because of technological obsolescence. The firm can borrow at a rate of 10%. The corporate tax rate is 35%.42. What is the after-tax cash flow from leasing relative to the after-tax cash flow from purchasing in years 1-3?A. $-32,775B. $-11,750C. $-1,750D. $-1,850E. None of the above43. What is the after-tax cash flow from leasing relative to the after-tax cash flow from purchasing in year 0?A. $-35,000B. $-38,500C. $35,000D. $38,500E. None of the above44. What is the NPV of the lease relative to the purchase?A. $-6,500B. $7,380C. $4,678D. $12,400E. None of the above45. What would the after-tax cash flow in year 3 be if the asset had a residual value of $1,000 (ignoring any possible risk differences)?A. $-11,750B. $11,750C. $12,400D. $-12,400E. None of the above46. This lease would be classified as a(n):A. operating lease because the asset will be obsolete.B. operating lease because there is no amortization.C. leveraged lease because it is being financed.D. capital lease because the lease life is greater than 75% of the economic life.E. sale and leaseback because the company gets full use of the asset.Essay Questions47. Sardinas Sardines has assets valued at $10 million and equity of $10 million. The firm recently leased new equipment worth $1 million. Present the balance sheet under two conditions; the lease is judged to be an operating lease, and the lease is judged to be a capital lease.48. The Blank Button Company is considering the purchase of a new machine for $30,000. The machine is expected to save the firm $12,500 per year in operating costs over a 5 year period, and can be depreciated on a straight-line basis to a zero salvage value over its life. Alternatively, the firm can lease the machine for $6,500 per year for 5 years, with the first payment due in 1 year. The firm's tax rate is 34%, and its cost of debt is 10%. Calculate the NPV of the lease versus the purchase decision. Calculate the reservation payment of the lessee.49. The Plastic Iron Company has decided to acquire a new electronic milling machine. Plastic Iron can purchase the machine for $87,000 which has an expected life of 8 years and will be depreciated using 7 class MACRS rates of .1428, .2449, .1749, .125, .0892, .0892, .0892 and any remainder in year 8. Miller Leasing has offered to lease the machine to Plastic Iron for $14,000 a year for 8 years. Plastic Iron has an 18.64% cost of equity, 12% cost of debt, a 1:1 D/E ratio and faces a 34% marginal tax rate. Should they lease or buy? Show all work.50. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of leasing?Chapter 21 Leasing Answer KeyMultiple Choice Questions1. In a lease arrangement, the owner of the asset is:A. the lesser.B. the lessee.C. the lessor.D. the leaser.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: EasyTopic: LESSORType: DEFINITIONS2. In a lease arrangement, the user of the asset is:A. the lesser.B. the lessee.C. the lessor.D. the leaser.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: EasyTopic: LESSEEType: DEFINITIONS3. Which of the following would not be a characteristic of a financial lease?A. They are not usually fully amortized.B. They usually do not have maintenance necessary for the leased assets.C. They usually do not include a cancellation option.D. The lessee usually has the right to renew the lease at expiration.E. All of the above are characteristics of financial leases.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: FINANCIAL LEASEType: DEFINITIONS4. An independent leasing company supplies ___________ leases versus the manufacturer who supplies ________________ leases.A. leveraged; directB. sales and leaseback; sales-typeC. capital; sales-typeD. direct; sales-typeE. None of the aboveDifficulty level: EasyTopic: TYPES OF LEASESType: DEFINITIONS5. Which of the following is not a financial lease?A. A leveraged leaseB. An operating leaseC. A sale-and-leasebackD. Both A and B.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: EasyTopic: TYPES OF LEASESType: DEFINITIONS6. If the lessor borrows much of the purchase price of a leased asset, the lease is called:A. a leveraged lease.B. a sale-and-leaseback.C. a capital lease.D. a nonrecourse lease.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: EasyTopic: TYPES OF LEASESType: DEFINITIONS7. An operating lease's primary characteristics are:A. fully amortized, lessee maintains equipment and there is no cancellation clause.B. not fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is a cancellation clause.C. fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is a cancellation clause.D. not fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is not cancellation clause.E. fully amortized, lessee maintains equipment and lessee can acquire assets at end of lease for fair market value.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: OPERATING LEASEType: DEFINITIONS8. If a lease is for 35 years, it is regarded as a:A. financial lease.B. operating lease.C. capital lease.D. conditional sale.E. sale and leaseback.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: TYPES OF LEASESType: DEFINITIONS9. The city of Oakland sold some buildings and used the proceeds to improve its financial position. The city then leased the buildings back in order to continue to use these facilities. This is an example of:A. an operating lease.B. a short-term lease.C. a sale and leaseback.D. a fully amortized lease.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: EasyTopic: TYPES OF LEASEType: CONCEPTS10. A financial lease has the following as its primary characteristics:A. is fully amortized, lessee maintains equipment and there is no renewal clause and no cancellation clause.B. is not fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is a renewal clause but no cancellation clause.C. is fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is a renewal clause and a no cancellation clause.D. is not fully amortized, lessor maintains equipment and there is a renewal clause.E. is fully amortized, lessee maintains equipment and there is a renewal clause and a no cancellation clause.Difficulty level: EasyTopic: FINANCIAL LEASEType: CONCEPTS11. An advantage of leasing is that the lessor does not own the asset and can cancel:A. only financial leases.B. only operating leases.C. only capital leases.D. any kind of leases anytime.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: EasyTopic: ADVANTAGE TO LEASINGType: CONCEPTS12. A leveraged lease typically involves a non-recourse loan in which:A. the lessee's payments go directly to the lender in case of default.B. the lessor is not obligated in case of default.C. the third party lenders have a first lien on the assets.D. All of the above.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: LEVERAGED LEASEType: CONCEPTS13. For accounting purposes, which of the following conditions would automatically cause a lease to be a capital lease?A. The lessee can purchase the asset below fair market value at the end of the lease.B. The lease transfers ownership of the asset to the lessee by the end of the lease.C. The lease term is more than 75% of the asset's economic life.D. The present value of the lease payments is more than 90% of the asset's market value at lease inception.E. All of the above would lead to the lease being considered a capital lease.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: CAPITAL LEASEType: CONCEPTS14. Capital leases would show up on the balance sheet of the firm in which manner for a six year machinery lease worth $700,000?A. Capital leases do not have to be put on the balance sheet; only financial leases do.B. Asset - Machinery $700,000; Liabilities - Long Term debt $700,000 because of debt displacement.C. Asset - Assets under Capital Lease $700,000; Liabilities - Obligations under Capital Lease $700,000.D. Assets - Assets under Capital Lease $700,000; Liabilities - Long Term Debt $700,000 because of debt displacement.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: EasyTopic: CAPITAL LEASEType: CONCEPTS15. Prior to FASB 13, "Accounting for Leases", lease activity was only reported in financial footnotes. This off-balance-sheet-financing made firms with:A. capital leases appear financially stronger than firms that used debt to purchase the asset.B. operating leases appear financially stronger than firms that used debt to purchase the asset.C. leases of any type appear financially stronger than firms that used debt to purchase the asset.D. All of the above.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: ChallengeTopic: FASB 13Type: CONCEPTS16. Which of the following is not an implication of FASB 13, Accounting for Leases?A. FASB 13 requires that the PV of the lease payments appear on the right hand side of the balance sheet.B. FASB 13 requires that the present value of the asset appear on the left hand side of the balance sheet.C. FASB 13 allows for off-balance-sheet financing for operating leases.D. All of the above.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: FASB 13Type: CONCEPTS17. The reason the IRS is most concerned about lease contracts is:A. firms that lease generally pay no taxes.B. that leasing usually leads to bankruptcy.C. that leases can be set up solely to avoid taxes.D. because leasing leads to off-balance-sheet-financing.E. All of the above.Difficulty level: EasyTopic: TAX IMPLICATIONSType: CONCEPTS18. A lease with high payments early in its life which then decline to termination would:A. provide greater cash flow to the lessee in the beginning years.B. be evidence of tax avoidance and not acceptable to the IRS.C. be qualified as a capital lease under FASB 13.D. provide a lower residual value and thus ensure a bargain-purchase price option.E. All of the above.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: TAX IMPLICATIONSType: CONCEPTS19. In valuing the lease versus purchase option, the relevant cash flows are the:A. tax shield from depreciation.B. investment outlay for the equipment.C. a decrease in the firm's operating costs that are not affected by leasing.D. All of the above are relevant.E. None of the above are relevant.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: LEASE VS. BUYType: CONCEPTS20. The appropriate discount rate for valuing a financial lease is:A. the firm's after-tax weighted average cost of capital.B. the after-tax required return on assets of risks similar to the leased asset.C. the after-tax cost of secured borrowing.D. Either A or B.E. All of the above.Difficulty level: EasyTopic: APPROPRIATE DISCOUNT RATEType: CONCEPTS21. The WACC is not used in the lease versus purchase decision because:A. the WACC was used in the decision to acquire the asset, this is only a financing decision.B. the WACC is used only when a lease alone is considered and not a lease versus purchase.C. the WACC does not include the lease cost of capital and therefore should not be used.D. tax rates of the lessor may be different than the lessee and therefore the WACC is incorrect.E. when a bank arranges a lease they do not consider the lessee's cost of capital.Difficulty level: ChallengeTopic: APPROPRIATE DISCOUNT RATEType: CONCEPTS22. Firms that use financial leases must consider their debt-to-equity ratios as inadequate measures of financial leverage because:A. lenders are concerned about the firm's total liabilities and related cash flow.B. debt displacement occurs with leasing.C. less future debt can be raised for a growing firm when a lease is used.D. All of the above.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: FINANCIAL LEASEType: CONCEPTS23. ______ would be evidence the lease is being used to avoid taxes and not a legitimate business purpose.A. Early balloon paymentsB. Late balloon paymentsC. Capitalizing a leaseD. Transfer of lease payments to a second ownerE. None of the aboveDifficulty level: MediumTopic: TAX IMPLICATIONSType: CONCEPTS24. Debt displacement is associated with leases because:A. all assets not purchased with equity use debt financing.B. debt is always a cheaper source of financing and preferred to equity financing.C. FASB 13 and the IRS mandate debt displacement.D. lease financing is all debt and causes an imbalance in the optimal debt to equity ratio which reduces future debt financing.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: ChallengeTopic: LEASES AND DEBTType: CONCEPTS25. A lease is likely to be most beneficial to both parties when:A. the lessor's tax rate is lower than the lessee's.B. the lessor's tax rate is higher than the lessee's.C. the lessor's tax rate is equal to the lessee's.D. a lease cannot be beneficial to both parties.E. a lease always has zero NPV, so both parties always break even.Difficulty level: ChallengeTopic: TAX IMPLICATIONSType: CONCEPTS26. The price or lease payment that the lessee sets as their bound is known as:A. the present value of the tax shields.B. the reservation payment, L MIN.C. the present value of operating savings.D. the reservation payment, L MAX.E. None of the above.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: RESERVATION PAYMENTType: CONCEPTS27. Which of the following is probably not a good reason for leasing instead of buying?A. Taxes may be reduced by leasing.B. Leasing may reduce transactions costs.C. Leasing may provide a beneficial reduction of uncertainty.D. All of the above are good reasons.E. All of the above are not good reasons.Difficulty level: MediumTopic: REASON FOR LEASINGType: CONCEPTS。

罗斯《公司理财》（第11版）考研真题（简答题）【圣才出品】四、简答题1．达⽣公司决定发⾏债券进⾏融资，但考虑到当前利率较⾼，未来市场利率可能下调，因此董事会认为公司应该发⾏可赎回债券。

预期利率下降是否是发⾏可赎回债券的充⾜理由，为什么？[中央财经⼤学2019研]答：可赎回债券是指发⾏公司可以按照发⾏时规定的条款，依⼀定的条件和价格在公司认为合适的时间提前赎回的债券。

⼀般来讲，债券的赎回价格要⾼于债券⾯值，⾼出的部分称为“赎回溢价”，赎回溢价可按不同的⽅式确定。

可赎回债券关于提前赎回债券的规定是对债券发⾏公司有利的，但同时却有可能损害债权⼈的利益。

⽐如，若公司发⾏债券后市场利率降低，公司可利⽤债券的可赎回性，采⽤换债的⽅法提前赎回利息较⾼的债券，⽽代之以利息较低的债券。

⽽如果市场利率在债券发⾏后进⼀步上升，发⾏公司可以不提前赎回债券，继续享受低利息的好处。

这样，利息变动风险将完全由债权⼈承担。

因此，预期利率下降可以作为发⾏可赎回债权的理由，但并不是充分理由。

市场上实际利率的⾛向还需要考虑各个⽅⾯因素的影响，⽽且可赎回条款通常在债券发⾏⼏年之后才开始⽣效。

当前利率较⾼，未来利率可能因为经济波动或者是政策因素的影响，继续保持较⾼的⽔平，也可能因为宏观经济调整，实际利率有所下降，不同的改变对可赎回债券的提前赎回产⽣不同的影响。

2．为什么说经营杠杆⼤的公司要适度的进⾏债务筹资？[南京航空航天⼤学2017研]答：（1）经营杠杆经营杠杆，⼜称营业杠杆或营运杠杆，反映销售和息税前盈利的杠杆关系。

指在企业⽣产经营中由于存在固定成本⽽使利润变动率⼤于产销量变动率的规律。

为了对经营杠杆进⾏量化，企业财务管理和管理会计中把利润变动率相当于产销量（或销售收⼊）变动率的倍数称之为经营杠杆系数、经营杠杆率，并⽤公式加以表⽰：经营杠杆系数＝息税前利润变动率/产销业务量变动率。

⼀般来说，在其他因素不变的情况下，固定成本越⾼，经营杠杆系数越⼤，经营风险越⼤。

罗斯《公司理财》（第11版）笔记和课后习题详解来自公众号精研学习网第1篇概论第1章公司理财导论1.1复习笔记公司的首要目标——股东财富最大化决定了公司理财的目标。

公司理财研究的是稀缺资金如何在企业和市场内进行有效配置，它是在股份有限公司已成为现代企业制度最主要组织形式的时代背景下，就公司经营过程中的资金运动进行预测、组织、协调、分析和控制的一种决策与管理活动。

从决策角度来讲，公司理财的决策内容包括投资决策、筹资决策、股利决策和净流动资金决策；从管理角度来讲，公司理财的管理职能主要是指对资金筹集和资金投放的管理。

公司理财的基本内容包括：投资决策（资本预算）、融资决策（资本结构）、短期财务管理（营运资本）。

1资产负债表资产负债表是总括反映企业某一特定日期财务状况的会计报表，它是根据资产、负债和所有者权益之间的相互关系，按照一定的分类标准和一定的顺序，把企业一定日期的资产、负债和所有者权益各项目予以适当排列，并对日常工作中形成的大量数据进行高度浓缩整理后编制而成的。

资产负债表可以反映资本预算、资本支出、资本结构以及经营中的现金流量管理等方面的内容。

2资本结构资本结构是指企业各种资本的构成及其比例关系，它有广义和狭义之分。

广义资本结构，亦称财务结构，指企业全部资本的构成，既包括长期资本，也包括短期资本（主要指短期债务资本）。

狭义资本结构，主要指企业长期资本的构成，而不包括短期资本。

通常人们将资本结构表示为债务资本与权益资本的比例关系（D/E）或债务资本在总资本中的构成（D/A）。

准确地讲，企业的资本结构应定义为有偿负债与所有者权益的比例。

资本结构是由企业采用各种筹资方式筹集资本形成的。

筹资方式的选择及组合决定着企业资本结构及其变化。

资本结构是企业筹资决策的核心问题。

企业应综合考虑影响资本结构的因素，运用适当方法优化资本结构，从而实现最佳资本结构。

资本结构优化有利于降低资本成本，获取财务杠杆利益。

3财务经理财务经理是公司管理团队中的重要成员，其主要职责是通过资本预算、融资和资产流动性管理为公司创造价值。

第1章公司理财导论1.1 复习笔记公司的首要目标——股东财富最大化决定了公司理财的目标。

公司理财研究的是稀缺资金如何在企业和市场内进行有效配置，它是在股份有限公司已成为现代企业制度最主要组织形式的时代背景下，就公司经营过程中的资金运动进行预测、组织、协调、分析和控制的一种决策与管理活动。

从决策角度来讲，公司理财的决策内容包括投资决策、筹资决策、股利决策和净流动资金决策；从管理角度来讲，公司理财的管理职能主要是指对资金筹集和资金投放的管理。

公司理财的基本内容包括：投资决策（资本预算）、融资决策（资本结构）、短期财务管理（营运资本）。

1．资产负债表资产负债表是总括反映企业某一特定日期财务状况的会计报表，它是根据资产、负债和所有者权益之间的相互关系，按照一定的分类标准和一定的顺序，把企业一定日期的资产、负债和所有者权益各项目予以适当排列，并对日常工作中形成的大量数据进行高度浓缩整理后编制而成的。

资产负债表可以反映资本预算、资本支出、资本结构以及经营中的现金流量管理等方面的内容。

2．资本结构资本结构是指企业各种资本的构成及其比例关系，它有广义和狭义之分。

广义资本结构，亦称财务结构，指企业全部资本的构成，既包括长期资本，也包括短期资本（主要指短期债务资本）。

狭义资本结构，主要指企业长期资本的构成，而不包括短期资本。

通常人们将资本结构表示为债务资本与权益资本的比例关系（D/E）或债务资本在总资本中的构成（D/A）。

准确地讲，企业的资本结构应定义为有偿负债与所有者权益的比例。

资本结构是由企业采用各种筹资方式筹集资本形成的。

筹资方式的选择及组合决定着企业资本结构及其变化。

资本结构是企业筹资决策的核心问题。

企业应综合考虑影响资本结构的因素，运用适当方法优化资本结构，从而实现最佳资本结构。

资本结构优化有利于降低资本成本，获取财务杠杆利益。

3．财务经理财务经理是公司管理团队中的重要成员，其主要职责是通过资本预算、融资和资产流动性管理为公司创造价值。

罗斯《公司理财》教材精讲（公司理财导论）【圣才出品】第1章公司理财导论1.1 本章要点本章介绍公司理财课程中涉及的基本概念，包括公司理财的主要内容、公司理财的⽬标以及对公司或企业的界定。

本章还会提出公司理财的⼀个重要观点：现⾦⾄上。

此外，为了实现两权分离状态下对股东利益的保护，有必要探讨公司的代理问题和控制权结构，以及解决代理问题的⼀些⼿段，⽐如法律等。

本章各部分要点如下：1．什么是公司理财所谓公司理财就是公司的投资和融资⾏为，这些⾏为的⽬的是为投资者创造价值。

公司的财务⾏为可以反映在财务报表中，事实上，从资产负债表就可以看到公司的资⾦运⽤（投资）和资⾦来源（融资）。

由于投融资的重要性，公司的财务经理具有重要作⽤。

2．企业组织要学习公司理财，⾸先要了解什么是公司或企业。

从法律⾓度，企业有三种组织形式，个⼈独资企业、合伙企业和公司制企业。

这三种企业在融资⽅⾯的情况各不相同。

3．现⾦流的重要性“现⾦⾄上”是公司理财的基本理念。

财务经理最重要的⼯作在于通过开展资本预算、融资和净营运资本活动为公司创造价值，也就是公司创造的现⾦流必须超过它所使⽤的现⾦流。

同学们需要理解公司财务活动与⾦融市场之间的现⾦流动。

4．公司理财的⽬标公司理财的⽬标是最⼤化现有所有者权益的市场价值。

但是由于现实中企业的复杂性，这⼀⽬标的实现还存在很多的约束。

5．代理问题与控制权现代企业很多采⽤股份公司的形式，这类公司的股东所有权和经营权之间存在两权分离，因此会导致股东和经理⼈之间的代理问题。

此外，公司还存在各种利益相关者，这些群体也会试图对公司的控制施加影响，甚⾄损及所有者。

6．法律法规企业在进⾏经营活动的过程中，受到很多法律的约束，包括规定企业法律地位的法律，针对上市公司的法律，针对公司治理的法律等。

各国不同的法律和治理要求，会在很⼤程度上影响企业的融资和投资⾏为。

作为全书的开篇，本章是学习公司理财课程的基础。

书中涉及的概念和观点，需要同学们理解和应⽤。

第21章租赁21.1 本章要点1．租赁是承租人和出租人之间的一项契约性协议。

协议中规定承租人拥有使用租赁资产的权利，同时必须定期向资产的所有者——出租人支付租金。

2．租赁可以分为经营性租赁与融资性租赁两种。

经营性租赁允许承租人使用设备，但其所有权仍在出租人手中。

在融资租赁中，出租人在法律拥有设备，但承租人却拥有设备的实际所有权，因为融资租赁的资产成本得到完全补偿。

融资租赁的两种特殊形式分别是售后回租和杠杆租赁。

3．租赁带来了表外融资业务的发展。

在1976年11月，财务会计准则委员会（FASB）发布第13号财务会计准则公告《租赁会计》（FAS13）。

根据该公告，有些租赁业务被划分为资本租赁（即融资租赁）。

财务会计准则委员会（FASB）把其他所有的租赁均归类为经营性租赁。

对于一项资本租赁，租赁付款额的现值作为一项负债列示在资产负债表的右方；相同的价值作为一项资产列示在资产负债表的左方。

经营性租赁可不必在资产负债表中反映。

出于粉饰财务报表以及其他有趣的原因，许多公司更愿意将其公司的租赁称为经营性租赁。

4．公司经常出于税收目的而采用租赁方式。

为了保护自身利益，国内税收总署规定，只有满足其制定的一系列标准的财务安排，才可视做资本租赁。

5．无风险现金流量应该按税后无风险利率来折现。

因为租赁付款额和折旧税收效应几乎是无风险的，所以在“租赁-购买”决策中的所有相关现金流量都应按近似税后利率的折现率进行折现。

按照实务中的惯例，采用承租人有担保债务的税后利率作为折现率。

21.2 重难点导学一、租赁类型1．基础概念租赁是承租人和出租人之间的一项契约性协议。

协议中规定承租人拥有使用租赁资产的权利，同时必须定期向资产的所有者——出租人支付租金。

出租人可以是资产的制造商，也可以是独立的租赁公司。

如果出租人是独立的租赁公司，它必须先向制造商购买有关设备，再把资产交付给承租人，这样，租赁才生效。

就承租人而言，使用一项租赁资产是最重要的，而不是谁拥有它。

五、计算题1．ABC公司是某杂志出版商，它发行的可转换债券目前在市场上的售价是950美元，面值为1000美元。

如果持有者选择转换，则每1张债券可以交换100股股票，债券的利息为7%，逐年支付，债券将在10年后到期。

ABC的债务属于BBB级，这个级别的债务的标价收益率为12%。

ABC的股票正以每股7美元的价格交易。

（1）债券的转换比率是多少？（2）转换价格是多少？（3）债券的底线价值是多少？（4）期权价值是多少？[山东大学2017研]答（1）转换比率是指一份债券可以转换为多少股股份。

由题干可知，每1张债券可以交换100股股票，即债券的转换比率为100。

（2）由于可转换债券的转换比率是用每份可转换债券所能交换的股份数，它等于可转换债券面值除以转换价格。

故转换价格＝可转换债券面值/转换比率＝1000/100＝10（美元）。

（3）可转换债券的底线价值取决于纯粹债券价值和转换价值二者孰高。

纯粹债券价值是指可转换债券如不具备可转换的特征，仅仅当作债券持有在市场上能销售的价值。

转换价值是指如果可转换债券能以当前市价立即转换为普通股所取得的价值。

转换价值等于将每份债券所能转换的普通股股票份数乘以普通股的当前价格。

纯粹债券的价值＝1000×7%×（P/A，12%，10）＋1000×（P/F，12%，10）＝715（美元）。

转换价值＝转换数量×可转换股票市价＝100×7＝700（美元），715美元＞700美元。

故可转换债券的底线价值为715美元。

（4）由于可转换债券价值＝可转换债券的底线价值﹢期权价值。

故可转换债券的期权价值＝950﹣715＝235（美元）。

2．假定GT 公司可取得永续现金流EBIT＝$100000，权益资本成本为25%，企业所得税税率40%，如果企业没有债务，根据MM 定理，这时的企业价值是多少？如果企业借入$500000的债务并回购相应数量的权益资本，债务资本成本为10%，根据MM 定理，企业价值是多少？[华中科技大学2017研]答若企业没有债务，则该企业是无杠杆公司。

罗斯《公司理财》（第11版）笔记和课后习题答案详解精研学习>网>>>免费试用百分之20资料全国547所院校视频及题库全收集考研全套>视频资料>课后答案>历年真题>全收集本书是罗斯的《公司理财》（第11版）（机械工业出版社）的学习辅导书。

本书遵循该教材的章目编排，包括8篇，共分31章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记；第二部分为课（章）后习题详解。

本书具有以下几个方面的特点：（1）浓缩内容精华，整理名校笔记。

本书每章的复习笔记对本章的重难点进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授罗斯的《公司理财》的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。

（2）精选考研真题，强化知识考点。

部分考研涉及到的重点章节，选择经典真题，并对相关重要知识点进行了延伸和归纳。

（3）解析课后习题，提供详尽答案。

国内外教材一般没有提供课（章）后习题答案或者答案很简单，本书参考国外教材的英文答案和相关资料对每章的习题进行了详细的分析。

（4）补充相关要点，强化专业知识。

一般来说，国外英文教材的中译本不太符合中国学生的思维习惯，有些语言的表述不清或条理性不强而给学习带来了不便，因此，对每章复习笔记的一些重要知识点和一些习题的解答，我们在不违背原书原意的基础上结合其他相关经典教材进行了必要的整理和分析。

本书提供电子书及打印版，方便对照复习。

第1篇概论第1章公司理财导论1.1复习笔记1.2课后习题详解第2章会计报表与现金流量2.1复习笔记2.2课后习题详解第3章财务报表分析与长期计划3.1复习笔记3.2课后习题详解第2篇估值与资本预算第4章折现现金流量估价4.1复习笔记4.2课后习题详解第5章净现值和投资评价的其他方法5.1复习笔记5.2课后习题详解第6章投资决策6.1复习笔记6.2课后习题详解第7章风险分析、实物期权和资本预算7.1复习笔记7.2课后习题详解第8章利率和债券估值8.1复习笔记8.2课后习题详解第9章股票估值9.1复习笔记9.2课后习题详解第3篇风险第10章收益和风险：从市场历史得到的经验10.1复习笔记10.2课后习题详解第11章收益和风险：资本资产定价模型11.1复习笔记11.2课后习题详解第12章看待风险与收益的另一种观点：套利定价理论12.1复习笔记12.2课后习题详解第13章风险、资本成本和估值13.1复习笔记13.2课后习题详解第4篇资本结构与股利政策第14章有效资本市场和行为挑战14.1复习笔记14.2课后习题详解第15章长期融资：简介15.1复习笔记15.2课后习题详解第16章资本结构：基本概念16.1复习笔记16.2课后习题详解第17章资本结构：债务运用的限制17.1复习笔记17.2课后习题详解第18章杠杆企业的估价与资本预算18.1复习笔记18.2课后习题详解第19章股利政策和其他支付政策19.1复习笔记19.2课后习题详解第5篇长期融资第20章资本筹集20.1复习笔记第21章租赁21.1复习笔记21.2课后习题详解第6篇期权、期货与公司理财第22章期权与公司理财22.1复习笔记22.2课后习题详解第23章期权与公司理财：推广与应用23.1复习笔记23.2课后习题详解第24章认股权证和可转换债券24.1复习笔记24.2课后习题详解第25章衍生品和套期保值风险25.1复习笔记25.2课后习题详解第7篇短期财务第26章短期财务与计划26.1复习笔记26.2课后习题详解第27章现金管理27.1复习笔记27.2课后习题详解第28章信用和存货管理28.1复习笔记28.2课后习题详解第8篇理财专题第29章收购与兼并29.1复习笔记第30章财务困境30.1复习笔记30.2课后习题详解第31章跨国公司财务31.1复习笔记31.2课后习题详解。

罗斯《公司理财》（第11版）笔记和课后习题详解，益星学习网提供全套资料第一部分复习笔记公司的首要目标——股东财富最大化决定了公司理财的目标。

公司理财研究的是稀缺资金如何在企业和市场内进行有效配置，它是在股份有限公司已成为现代企业制度最主要组织形式的时代背景下，就公司经营过程中的资金运动进行预测、组织、协调、分析和控制的一种决策与管理活动。

从决策角度来讲，公司理财的决策内容包括投资决策、筹资决策、股利决策和净流动资金决策；从管理角度来讲，公司理财的管理职能主要是指对资金筹集和资金投放的管理。

公司理财的基本内容包括：投资决策（资本预算）、融资决策（资本结构）、短期财务管理（营运资本）。

1资产负债表资产负债表是总括反映企业某一特定日期财务状况的会计报表，它是根据资产、负债和所有者权益之间的相互关系，按照一定的分类标准和一定的顺序，把企业一定日期的资产、负债和所有者权益各项目予以适当排列，并对日常工作中形成的大量数据进行高度浓缩整理后编制而成的。

资产负债表可以反映资本预算、资本支出、资本结构以及经营中的现金流量管理等方面的内容。

2资本结构资本结构是指企业各种资本的构成及其比例关系，它有广义和狭义之分。

广义资本结构，亦称财务结构，指企业全部资本的构成，既包括长期资本，也包括短期资本（主要指短期债务资本）。

狭义资本结构，主要指企业长期资本的构成，而不包括短期资本。

通常人们将资本结构表示为债务资本与权益资本的比例关系（D/E）或债务资本在总资本中的构成（D/A）。

准确地讲，企业的资本结构应定义为有偿负债与所有者权益的比例。

资本结构是由企业采用各种筹资方式筹集资本形成的。

筹资方式的选择及组合决定着企业资本结构及其变化。

资本结构是企业筹资决策的核心问题。

企业应综合考虑影响资本结构的因素，运用适当方法优化资本结构，从而实现最佳资本结构。

资本结构优化有利于降低资本成本，获取财务杠杆利益。

3财务经理财务经理是公司管理团队中的重要成员，其主要职责是通过资本预算、融资和资产流动性管理为公司创造价值。

罗斯《公司理财》（第11版）笔记和课后习题详解来源微♥公号精研学习网第1篇概论第1章公司理财导论1.1复习笔记公司的首要目标——股东财富最大化决定了公司理财的目标。

公司理财研究的是稀缺资金如何在企业和市场内进行有效配置，它是在股份有限公司已成为现代企业制度最主要组织形式的时代背景下，就公司经营过程中的资金运动进行预测、组织、协调、分析和控制的一种决策与管理活动。

从决策角度来讲，公司理财的决策内容包括投资决策、筹资决策、股利决策和净流动资金决策；从管理角度来讲，公司理财的管理职能主要是指对资金筹集和资金投放的管理。

公司理财的基本内容包括：投资决策（资本预算）、融资决策（资本结构）、短期财务管理（营运资本）。

1资产负债表资产负债表是总括反映企业某一特定日期财务状况的会计报表，它是根据资产、负债和所有者权益之间的相互关系，按照一定的分类标准和一定的顺序，把企业一定日期的资产、负债和所有者权益各项目予以适当排列，并对日常工作中形成的大量数据进行高度浓缩整理后编制而成的。

资产负债表可以反映资本预算、资本支出、资本结构以及经营中的现金流量管理等方面的内容。

2资本结构资本结构是指企业各种资本的构成及其比例关系，它有广义和狭义之分。

广义资本结构，亦称财务结构，指企业全部资本的构成，既包括长期资本，也包括短期资本（主要指短期债务资本）。

狭义资本结构，主要指企业长期资本的构成，而不包括短期资本。

通常人们将资本结构表示为债务资本与权益资本的比例关系（D/E）或债务资本在总资本中的构成（D/A）。

准确地讲，企业的资本结构应定义为有偿负债与所有者权益的比例。

资本结构是由企业采用各种筹资方式筹集资本形成的。

筹资方式的选择及组合决定着企业资本结构及其变化。

资本结构是企业筹资决策的核心问题。

企业应综合考虑影响资本结构的因素，运用适当方法优化资本结构，从而实现最佳资本结构。

资本结构优化有利于降低资本成本，获取财务杠杆利益。

3财务经理财务经理是公司管理团队中的重要成员，其主要职责是通过资本预算、融资和资产流动性管理为公司创造价值。

第25章衍生品和套期保值风险25.1 复习笔记金融衍生品是指从传统金融基础资产形式中派生出来的金融产品，金融衍生品是有关互换现金流量或旨在为交易者转移风险的一种双边合约，它的价值取决于另一种资产的价值，通常与债券、股票、商品、利率或汇率的价值相关联。

常见的衍生产品包括远期合约、掉期交易（互换）、认购和认沽期权以及掉期期权等。

本质上来讲，金融衍生品通过将市场的利率、汇率及信用等风险进行转换，从而满足对风险具有不同需求的投资者的需要。

套期保值是指公司利用金融衍生品减少它们的风险敞口的行为。

方法是通过在金融市场的一种或多种交易来抵消公司的风险。

当然衍生品也可以用于改变甚至增加公司的风险敞口。

1．远期合约的定义远期合约是指交易双方签订的在未来某一时间、以特定的价格买卖某一特定数量和质量的金融资产或实物资产的书面协议，主要有远期现货合约、远期利率协议、远期外汇合约、远期股票合约等。

远期合约规定了将来交换的资产、交换的日期、交换的价格和数量，合约条款因双方的需要不同而不同。

远期合约的主要法律特征表现为以下几点：①与期货在指定的交易场所集中进行，采用高度标准化的合约不同，远期合约交易属于场外交易。

远期合约的金额、数量、交割日期和方式等合同要件没有统一的标准和规格，均由当事人自行协商确定，无需监管机构批准或认可。

②由于属于场外交易，双方当事人是确定相知的，以便于双方直接磋商达成协议。

③缺少了交易所和结算机构提供的担保，使得远期合约交易所面临的信用风险陡增。

为保证交易的安全，要求双方对彼此的信用、财务状况比较了解。

在实务中通常采用信用交易方式，至于是否采用担保方式，以及采用何种担保方式，如抵押、保证金等完全由当事人自己决定。

④远期合约交易结算可以通过结算机构进行，也可以由当事人自行进行结算。

⑤当事人一般对远期合约的标的物，无论是农产品等货物，还是有价证券等金融资产，有真实的需要，交易以得到标的物的所有权为目的。

当事人通常采取实际交割的方式来履行合同，到期进行交货或付款。

二、判断题1．在进行资本预算时，机会成本应该作为增量现金流考虑进来。

（）[对外经济贸易大学2018研]【答案】√【解析】一项资产用于某个新项目，则丧失了其他使用方式所能带来的潜在收入，这些丧失的收入有充分的理由被看成成本，即机会成本应该作为增量现金流考虑进来。

2．在计算WACC时，权重应该选择以账面价值衡量的目标资本结构。

（）[中央财经大学2017研]【答案】×【解析】计算WACC时，各类资本在资本总额中的权重是根据各类资本的市值计算出来的，一般不能采用资本的账面价值计算。

由于权益资本的账面价值常常与其市场价值存在较大的差距，因此按照账面价值计算的加权平均资本成本与实际成本相差很远。

只有当资本的市场价值与它的账面价值相近时，才可以用账面价值计算的权重作为资本市值权重的近似值。

3．费雪认为，实际利率是货币价值变动后的名义利率。

（）[四川大学2016研]【答案】×【解析】费雪效应揭示了通货膨胀率预期与利率之间的关系，它指出当通货膨胀率上升时，利率也将上升。

公式表示为：名义利率＝实际利率＋通货膨胀率。

即实际利率是指物价水平不变，从而货币价值不变条件下的利息率。

4．根据看涨-看跌期权平价公式，“卖空无风险国债、买入看跌期权、卖空标的资产”可以合成或复制看涨期权。

（）[电子科技大学2016研]【答案】×【解析】看涨-看跌期权平价公式为：C＋Ke－rT＝P＋S。

其中C为看涨期权价格，K为看涨期权的执行价格，r为无风险利率，T为距离期权到期日的期限，P为看跌期权价格，S 为期权标的资产的现价。

公式中Ke－rT表示执行价格的现价。

继续推导可得：C＝P＋S－Ke －rT。

这一公式的意义为：买入一个看涨期权等价于买入一份相同标的资产的看跌期权、买入标的资产、卖空无风险国债，换句话说，即为“卖空无风险国债、买入看跌期权、买入标的资产”可以合成或复制看涨期权。

5．经营者与股东因利益不同而使其目标也不尽一致，因此两者的关系在本质上是无法协调的。