语法选择和完形填空、阅读理解

第二章语法选择语法选择是一项把传统的阅读理解与语法单选题实行有效结合的练习，其目的在于给学生提供一定的客观语言环境，考察其在实际语言中准确地把使用各个语法知识点的水平。

一、中考要求1.掌握一定的阅读技能。

2.掌握八种主要时态语态的结构与词形变化。

3.掌握课文中常用的词组，短语搭配以及句型结构。

4.掌握各种词类的使用，如介词、连词的使用、动词的变化等。

5.掌握各种从句的使用，如宾语从句，定语从句。

特别是其中引导词的使用。

二、考点分析语法选择是2008年广州市中考的新题型，考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词、时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、宾语从句、定语从句的关系、固定搭配等等。

三、解题步骤与技巧1.浏览全文，把握大意浏览全文，根据文章的内在的逻辑意义、贯穿文章的主线来把握文章的脉络。

注意语境和相关提示，准确地分析、归纳、概括出一篇文章的主旨或段意的表达，千万不要急于选择答案。

要重视首尾句，一篇文章往往第一句不设空格，这有助于学生了解全文的体裁、大意、基本时态等重要信息，尾句往往是对全文的一个交待，也常常是点睛之笔。

2.识别短语，注意搭配在语法选择的选项中会出现一些常用的搭配或句型，这类词很多而且实用性很强、结构简练、使用灵活、表达生动，如：laugh at，look forward to doing，be famous for，it is ＋adj＋for sb.to do sth，it takes sb some time to do sth等等。

考生应注重词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做题时就能得心应手，提升准确率。

3.使用语法，理顺关系语法知识时指导该题的法宝，词汇根据语法规则趋稳定各自的位置，有了语法规则文章才能有条不紊、顺理成章。

如介词后用人称代词的宾格，物质名词一般没有复述，形容词放在不定代词的后面，行为动词的否定和疑问句加助动词do，does，did等一起构成；情态动词和助动词后接动词的原型。

考生作答时，首先要注意整个句子的语法结构(语态、语气、时态)是否合理，其次，看语义是否通顺，上下文是否连贯。

4.细心检查，避免疏漏选项填完后，再次通读短文，从整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑关系是否一致，上下文衔接是否合理，是否有疏漏的地方。

四、专项训练(2008中考)Annie was excited.Her mother 1 to Beijing today and would be staying with her 2 two weeks.She cleaned her home and thought about 3 some flowers，but there wasn’t time.She got in her car，turned on the radio and was heading off when the radio reported that all planes to Beijing would be two or more hours late because it was raining 4 .With great disappointment Annie went back inside.Two hours later，Annie arrived at the airport and was 5 to see her mother waiting outside！She had decided to take an earlier plane 6 she could arrived at the airport at the time her daughter expected.7 mistake！Annie could have come earlier，but didn’t.Her mother could have phoned from the plane，but didn’t.They were 8 hungry and tired.Annie was going to take her mother to 9 American restaurant，but her mother just 10 to get home to rest.1.A.was flying B.flies C.has flown D.fly2.A.after B.since C.in D.for3.A.buy B.to buy C.bought D.buying4.A.heavily B.much heavier C.heavy D.more heavier5.A.surprise B.surprising C.surprised D.surprises6.A.but B.although C.when D.so7.A.How B.What a C.What D.How a8.A.all B.either C.both D.neither9.A.a B.an C.the D.\10.A.wanted B.wants C.wanting D.want【分析】1.答案为A.此空与后面的and would be staying 是并列关系，应该用过去将来时。

2.答案为D.for＋一段时间。

3.答案为D.about介词后接动词的ing形式。

4.答案为 A.根据前文“It was raining”，动词后用副词修饰，raining heavily 意思是“下大雨”。

5.答案为C.短语“was surprised”表示“感到惊讶”.6.答案为D.此处考查连词的用法，根据前面她乘搭早班车是为了按时到达机场。

7.答案为B.此处考查感叹句的用法。

因后面mistake是可数名词的单数，所以用what a mistake构成感叹句.8.答案为C.此处考查连词的用法。

根据上下文，文章是指Annie 和她的母亲两个人，所以用both.9.答案为B.此处考查冠词的用法，特指Annie 所选定的那间餐厅。

10.答案为A.此处考查动词的时态，因为上下文都是用了过去时，所以用want的过去式wanted.(2010年广州市中考题)My friend, David Smith, kept birds. One day he phoned and 26 me he would be away for a week. He asked me to feed the bird 27 him and said he would leave his key in my mailbox.Unfortunately, I did not remember to feed the birds 28 the night before David was going to return. I rushed out of my house and it was already dark when I arrived at 29 house. I soon found the key he gave me could unlock neither the front door 30 the back door! I kept 31 of what David would say when came back.Then I noticed 32 one bedroom window was open. I found a big stone and pushed it under the window 33 the stone was very heavy. I made a lot of niose. But in the end, I managed to climb up.I had one leg inside the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone 34 a torch(电筒)up at me. I looked down and saw 35 policeman and an old lady, one of David’s neighbours. “What are you doing up there?” Said the policeman. Feeling like a fool, I replied, “I was just going to feed Mr. Smith’s birds.”26. A. tell B. tells C. told D. had told27. A. with B. to C. for D. at28. A. until B. before C. as D. since29. A. her B. his C. their D. our30. A. and B. but C. or D. nor31. A. to think B. think C. thinking D. thought32. A. how B. that C. what D. why33. A. If B. Because C. When D. Whether34. A. is shinning B. was shone C. shines D. was shining35. A. a B. the C. an D. \【分析】26. 答案为 C. and连接的应该是两个时态相同的动词。

27. 答案为 C. feed sth.for sb.意为“协助某人喂养某物”。

28. 答案为 A. until表示“(用于否定句)在...以前,直到...才”。

29. 答案为B. 根据全文语境，得知David是位男生，所以选his。

30. 答案为D. neither...nor...是固定搭配，表示"既不……也不……"，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。

31. 答案为 C. keep doing sth.，表示“一直持续做某事”。

32. 答案为B. 引导宾语从句时what在从句中要充当句子成分;而that引导宾语从句时不作任何成分只起语法连接作用。

33. 答案为 B. 根据句意得知，此处缺少一个原因状语从句的引导词。

34. 答案为 D. 根据语境，此处应用过去实行时。

35. 答案为A. 根据原文句子，policeman是以辅音音素开头的单数名词，并且是第一次提及到。

五、专题训练(1)(2011年中考题)Jack worked in a shop that sold clocks. He was always telling Harry __1_ a new clock.But Harry, __2__ lived next door to Jack, said he didn’t need one.“__3__ needs a clock,” Jack said. “How do you know when it’s time to get up?”“My landlord Mr. Smith turns on his radio at seven o’clock and listens __4_ the news,” Harry said. “That’s my morning call.”“Ok. But how do you know when to go to work?”“By the time I __5_ my breakfast, it’s eight o’clock, time to leave for the office. Then I walk there. When I arrive at my office, it’s nine o’clock.That’s __6__ time I start work.”“OK. But how do you know when it’s time to go home?”“The factory bell__7__,” Harry told him.“But how do you know when it’s time to go to bed?”“The television programs come to end.”By now Jack was really__8__. “OK,” he shouted. “Now tell me what would happen __9__ you woke up in the middle of the night and wanted to know the time.”“That’s easy,”Harry said, “I would knock heavily on __10__ wall. Then you would shout at me,‘What are you doing knocking on my wall at three o’clock in the morning?’”1. A. to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy2. A. which B. whose C. that D. who3. A. No one B. Neither one C. Everyone D. Someone4. A. at B. to C. in D. on5. A. eats B. have eaten C. ate D. was eating6. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填7. A. ring B. rings C. was rung D. ringing8. A. anger B. angrily C. angry D. angering9. A. if B. that C. why D. how10. A. his B. their C. her D. your(2)American children usually celebrate their birthday with a party.The party 1 not be held on the exact date of their birthday if it 2 on a school day. 3 may be held on the closest weekend instead.Today two kinds of parties are the most popular.One is held at home.Parents make the house 4 with balloons(气球)and coloured paper.They prepare a special birthday meal.The children play games.Another kind is held away 5 home.Some are held at a special restaurant.The children eat pizza and ice cream.The waiters， 6 serve the food，also sing and tell jokes to the children.Other parties may be held at a park，or a movie theatre， 7 some other places.Every birthday party 8 a birthday cake with candles on the top.One candle stands for one year of the birthday boy or girl’s age. 9 the candles are lighted，everyone sings 10 birthday song：Happy Birthday To You.1.A.must B.ought to C.can D.maye es C.will come D.is coming3.A.He B.It C.She D.They4.A.beautiful B.beautifully C.more beautifully D.beauty5.A.to B.from C.of D.at6.A.where B.who C.whom D.that7.A.and B.but C.so D.or8.A.has B.have C.had D.having9.A.Before B.If C.When D.Until10.A.an B./ C.a D.the(3)If you can speak English，you know a lot of English words.You can read，speak and understand.But there is 1 kind of language you need 2 —the language of the body.All over the world，people“talk”3 their hands，with their heads and with their eyes.When Japanese people meet，they bow(鞠躬).When Indians meet，they put their hands together.What do American and British people do？When British and American people meet 4 for the first time，they shake hands.They do not usually shake hands with people 5 they know well.Sometimes women kiss(吻)their 6 friends and men kiss women friends.When a man 7 a man friend，he just smiles，and 8 “Hello”.Men do not kiss each other， 9 hold hands.It’s very important to remember the body language of different countries 10 we won’t make mistakes.1.A.another B.other C.others D.the other2.A.knowing B.knows C.know D.to know3.A.with B.for C.by D.to4.A.anyone B.everyone C.someone D.nobody5.A.who B.which C.whose D.when6.A.women B.woman C.woman’s D.women’s7.A.met B.meet C.meets D.meeting8.A.says B.say C.said D.saying9.A.and B.or C.but D.if10.A.because B.so that C.when D.after(4)The idea for the book Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone came to J.K.Rowling in 1990.It 1 her seven years to finish 2 it.During those seven years she had 3 number of jobs，including one job 4 an English teacher in Portugal.Rowling sent the book to four publishers(出版商)before one of them bought it.She was very happy 5 her book 6 it was her dream to be a writer.Before she sold her book，Rowling was 7 in a small flat(套间)with her daughter and was very poor.She didn’t have enough money to pay for heat in the winter.Harry Potter became a favourite with children and adults in England and then around the world.It was put into more than thirty－five languages. 8 her second and third books 9 ，the three Harry Potter books filled the top three places on many newspapers’lists of the most popular books.Without question，Rowling’s life completely changed and she became one of 10 writers in the world.1.A.take B.takes C.took D.had taken2.A.write B.to write C.wrote D.writing3.A.an B./ C.a D.the4.A.on B.for C.with D.as5.A.sold B.to sell C.selling D.sells6.A.because B.until C.while D.if7.A.lived B.living C.live D.lives8.A.Since B.So C.Though D.After9.A.published B.are publishing C.is published D.were published10.A.the famous woman B.most famous womanC.a famous womanD.the most famous women(5)Most children with healthy appetites(胃口)are ready to eat almost anything that is offered to them.A child often likes food unless it is badly 1 .The way a meal is cooked and served is most important and 2 attractively served meal will often improve a child’s appetite.Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him.If the father says 3 he hates fat meat in the child’s hearing，he may copy this action.Nothing 4 should go out from the meal because of a supposed(认为的)dislike.5 meal times it is a good idea to give a child a small part and let him6 back for a second helping rather than give him as7 as he may eat all at once.Do not talk too much to the child during meal times，8 let him get on with his food；and do not allow him9 the table at once after a meal， 10 he will soon learn to eat his food hurriedly to play with the toys in his room.1.A.cooking B.cook C.cook D.cooked2.A.a B.an C.the D./3.A.why B.what C.that D.which4.A healthy B.health C.healthier D.healthily5.A.On B.At C.In D.After6.A.to come es e D.came7.A.more B.much C.many D.most8.A.and B.or C.but D.however9.A.leave B.left C.leaving D.to leave10.A.or B.if C.after D.when（6）Ron loved basketball. One afternoon on his way to a basketball game, he was walking and dreaming about 1 college basketball. A car hit him so hard 2 he was thrown three feet into the air.Ron 3 up in a hospital room. 4 he learned that both his legs were broken, he realized his college basketball dreams were over. Ron did what the doctors told him, 5 he still couldn’t walk. When he left the hospital, Ron 6 to a health centre for physical treatment(物理治疗).A week after he arrived there, he met sunny. Sunny’s legs were paralyzed(瘫痪的) from an accident. He coached a basketball team called the Suns. Everyone on the team played from a wheelchair. Sunny invited Ron 7 the game. Ron played 8 , but for the first time since the accident, he stopped feeling sorry 9 himself.After becoming a part of the Suns, Ron improved quickly. Basketball was like medicine for him. When you keep your face to 10 sun, the shadows(阴影) fall behind.1 A. playing B. to play C. played D. play2. A. whether B. for C. that D. as3. A. wake B. wakes C. woke D. has woken4. A. If B. Before C. Since D. When5. A. and B. but C. or D. nor6. A. is sent B. will be sent C. was sent D. was sending7. A. to join B. joining C. joined D. joins8. A. bad B. badly C. worse D. worst9. A. in B. to C. for D.by10. A. the B. a C. an D. /（7）Sports play an important part in our life. All over the world, people enjoy sports. Wherever you are, you 1 watch different sports or games. Some sports or games can go back to thousands of years, like running and jumping. But basketball and volleyball are much 2 than running and jumping. Neither has a history of 100 years. People now 3 new sports or games all the time.Sports help people keep healthy and happy and 4 longer. Lots of people like to watch 5 do sports. In order to watch the games, they buy tickets or turn on the TVs at home. They don’t go to bed 6 the games are over. When their player gets the first or their team wins, they often gets very 7 .When the seasons change, sports change 8 them. In different seasons, people play different games. For example, 9 is fun in summer, 10skating or skiing is popular in winter.1. A. should B. must C. need D. can2. A. new B. newer C. newest D. newly3. A. will invent B. invented C. are inventing D. have invented4. A. live B. living C. to live D. lived5. A. other B. others C. another D. the other6. A. when B. after C. until D.while7. A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excitement8. A. with B. in C. for D. by9. A. swim B. swims C. swam D. swimming10. A. so B. but C. because D. or(8)St.Martin’s Day is a holiday in Holland.St.Martin was a man 1 did kind things for many people 2 need.One cold winter day he was walking home.He 3 a coat to keep warm and had a small piece of bread to eat.Then he saw 4 stranger who was hungry and cold on the side of the road.St.Martin took his knife and cut his coat in two.He gave the man half of his warm coat and half of his bread.Nancy was a schoolgirl in Holland.On St.Martin’s day，she rode her bicycle 5 her classmates after school. 6 she parked her bike，she heard a noise in the grass in her yard.At her feet was a small gray homeless cat.“That old cat keeps 7 me！”she complained while walking into the room.Her father then told her the story of St.Martin.Nancy 8 by the story.She put a piece of bread in her bag and went into the yard.Nancy heard 9 again.Taking out a piece of bread，she offered half to the cat.“May we make a box for it 10 in”Nancy asked her father.“Sure，”said her father.1.A.whom B.which C.who D.whose2.A.on B.in C.with D.for3.A.wear B.wears C.wore D.wearing4.A./ B.an C.the D.a5.A.along B.along with C.to D.towards6.A.Since B.Where C.As D.If7.A.to scrached B.scratches C.scratch D.scratching8.A. touched(感动) B.touching C.is touching D.was touched9.A.noisily B.noisy C.the noise D.a noise10.A.sleep B.sleeping C.sleep D.to sleep(9)Now some women are spending a weekend at Mother’s Camp(营地).There，husbands and 1 are not allowed. 2 would a woman want to take a vacation without her family？ Some women say they need time to be alone.At Mother’s Camp a woman has room to herself.No one will bother 3 .No children will ask，“Mom，what’s for dinner？”No husband will say，“Oh，dear，I 4 find any clean socks.”In fact almost 50% of women in the United States work 5 the home.These 6 women say one of biggest problems is housework.In the United States，working wives do about 75% of the housework.Many of their husbands say they want to help.But then they burn the rice or they can’t 7 the pans.They ask so 8 questions that their wives decide it is easier to do the job themselves.Some women go to Mother’s Camp just to get 9 break from housework.What do they do？ They relax away 10 home.They have a really wonderful vacation at Mother’s Camp.1.A.child’s B.children’s C.child D.children2.A.Where B.Which C.Why D.What3.A.she B.her C.herself D.them4.A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t5.A.inside B.in C.for D.outside6.A. work B.working C.to work D.worked7.A.found B.founded C.find D.finds8.A.many B.much C.more D.most9.A.the B.an C.a D./10.A.out B.from C.for D.at(10)A primary school teacher left a class of 25 pupils in tears when she told them Santa Claus does not exist(存有). 1 teacher blurted out：“It’s your parents 2 leave out presents on Chrsitmas Day”when 3 youngsters got noisy as they talked about Christmas.The class of seven－year－olds at Blackshaw Lane Primary School cried and told 4 parents when they got home.The parents then complained about the incident.One father said：“My son 5 home and said that his teacher had told the class that Santa doesn’t exist and it’s your mum and dad that put out presents 6 them.I thought it was wrong.It’s part of the magic of Christmas to a child.” 7 disappointed the child was when they heard the teacher.We told my son that she did not believe in Father Christmas 8 her religion(信仰)and he’s fine now.A lot of parents disliked 9 the teacher said and complained to the school.The headteacher，10 ，refused to say anything about the incident.1.A.The B.A C./ D.An2.A.which B.where C.that D.when3.A.excite B.exciting C.excited D.excitement4.A.their B.them C.they D.theirs5.A.came es e ing6.A.to B.with C.at D.for7.A.What B.What a C.How D.How a8.A.because B.because of C.since D.as9.A.how B.who C.whose D.what10.A.or B.however C.though D.but第三章完形填空“完形填空”是中考英语中非常重要且难度较大的题型之一。