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定语从句（一）定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词冇关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有when, where, why 等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句:B、代替先行词:C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my fathe* is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导疋语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man, 在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在俺语从句屮作主语。
1）T he boys who are playing football are from Class One. I E在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
2）T hose who want to go to the museum! must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
3） Yesterday I helped an old man |who had lost his way^ 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
4)That is the teacher who teaches us physics.那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
1)Mr Liu is the person hom) you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Unit 4 Sharing Ｉ．单元教学目标Ⅱ.目标语言III. 教材分析与教材重组1. 教材分析本单元以Sharing为话题，旨在通过单元教学，使学生了解世界上很多地方依然很落后，从而懂得同情，学会分享。
结合针对短文话题的探讨激发学生的国际意识，通过各种渠道力所能及地为贫困地区的孩子做出自己贡献。
1. 1 WARMING UP 提供了三项任务。
通过完成这些任务让学生懂得什么是“帮助〞，并且反思自己是否乐于助人，以及怎样做才是“志愿者〞，由此为后面的短文学习做好铺垫。
1. 2 PRE-READING是READING的热身活动。
其中介绍了短文主人公Jo，还根据她在PNG拍的照片提出了5个问题，使学生在阅读之前就简单了解短文内容。
1. 3 READING是一篇Jo写给Rosemary的信。
其中介绍Jo在PNG(Papua New Guinea)的所见所闻，使学生感受到PNG的儿童生活艰难，从而珍惜自己的学习机会。
.1. 4 COMPREHENDING 是根据短文设计的阅读理解试题。
1. 5 LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE分词汇和语法两部分。
其中，第一部分是有关此篇短文中的重点单词和短语；第二部分是有关限定性定语从句的复习。
1. 6 USING LANGUAGE是对READING的延伸。
通过阅读，参与“Give an unusual gift〞的活动。
1. 7 LISTENING AND SPEAKING通过Jennifer Wells的采访介绍了Mary Murray作为MSF的一个volunteer的工作经历，而且针对这一话题展开Speaking。
1. 8 WRITING 根据LISTENING AND SPEAKING话题运用时间表达方式进行写作。
2. 教材重组2.1 从话题内容和训练目的上分析，WARMING UP与LISTENING AND SPEAKING相一致；从教材份量来说，可将WARMING UP与LISTENING AND SPEAKING的1、2、3、4项和Workbook中的LISTENING以及LISTENING TASK整合在一起，设计成一节任务型“听力课〞。
必修一Unit4 语法定语从句定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词(现在分词或过去分词)、副词、不定式(短语)以及介词短语等来充当,也可以由一个句子来充当。
充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时在从句中充当某种成分。
1.关系词引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词具体见下表:2.关系代词的用法关系代词指代先行词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
在从句中作宾语时,关系代词常可省略。
(1)that的用法that 指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语,但that不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill- cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.在我看来,露营者是喜欢蚊虫叮咬、难吃的饭菜和不舒服的睡袋的人。
( that/who在从句中作主语,不能省略)John is no longer the person ( that/who/whom) I knew five years ago.约翰不再是我五年前认识的那个约翰了。
(that/who/whom在从句中作宾语,可以省略) When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that/which reflected my interest.到了最后决定修一门课程的时候,我决定申请那门能反映我兴趣的课程。
(that/which在从句中作主语,不能省略) The city is no longer the one ( that ) it used to be.这座城市不再是它原来的样子了。
Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)1．hear from接到……的来信→hear of/about 听说2．be dying to渴望→be eager to do/be anxious to do/long to do渴望做某事3．relevant adj.有关的→be relevant_to与……有关的4．participate v i.参与；参加→participate_in参加；参与5．dry_out(使浸水等之物)完全变干→dry up (指河流、井等)干涸6．in_need在困难中；在危急中→in demand被需求7．operate v i.工作；运转；v t.操作→operate_on给……做手术Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)1．adjust v i. & v t. 调整；(使)适合→adjustment n．调节2．participate v i.参加→participation n．参加→participant n．参加者3．arrange v i. & v t. 安排→arrangement n．安排4．volunteer n．志愿者→voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的5．politics n．政治→political adj.政治的6．distribute v t.分配→distribution n．分配7．secure v t.使安全→security n．安全→insecure adj.不安全的8．operate v i.工作；运转→operation n．运转；手术Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)1．Dear, it’s fortnight(两周) since we got separated and I’m dying_to(盼望) hear from you. 2．The_other_day(前几天), I purchased(购买) a camera, which could adjust(调节) its focus automatically.3．Dry_out(弄干) your coat quickly.Otherwise(否则), you won’t be able to participate(参加) in the activity together with me.4．Some people are donating(捐赠) money for the people in_need(在困难中) while others are doing voluntary(志愿的) work to help them.5．To celebrate the 10th anniversary(周年) of our shop, we need some people to distribute(分发) brochures for our products to the passers-by. Whoever is interested please click(点击) here. Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)Many volunteers participate in the arrangement of the donation party.It is relevant to thedistribution of the purchases to the remote areas.Ⅴ.课文原句背诵1．The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when，before_I_knew it，the mixture was bubbling over everywhere.几天前，我正给孩子们展示每周一次的化学实验，突然，我还没明白是怎么回事，混合物已在到处冒泡了。
人教版选修7Unit4Sharing重点短语句型及语法Book7 Unit 4必背句型1：1.It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. (It takes sb. sth. to do…)相似句：The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. 眼睛需要时间来调整适应。
2.The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, themixture was bubbling over everywhere!(was/were doing…when…正在做…突然…；before还没来得及) 仿写：They were shopping when the hotel opposite the street fell down.他们正逛街突然对面酒店倒塌了。
The ruins fell onto them before they could fled from the spot.他们还没来得及跑出现场，废墟就砸他们身上了。
3.There was a newly made platform (for Jenny and me)to sleep on.新做了一个平台，是让我和珍妮睡觉用的。
(to sleep on作定语，与所修饰的platform有动宾关系，不能省略on, 不定式前有for sb, 可知是主动的)必背短语1：1.work as 充当；担任；担任…的工作→近义短语：serve as/ act as2.take photos of / take a photo of 给…拍照3.hear from 收到…的来信hear about 听到；得知；了解4.be dying to do渴望做；极想做→be eager/desperate/thirsty/greedy to do→long/desire to do →have a strong desire to dobe dying/eager/desperate/thirsty/greedy for sth. →long for→have a strong for 极想/渴望得到…5.be made of/from由…制成be made up of由…组成be made in在…制造6.up to 多达；直到；胜任；由…负责7.adapt to 适应→adjust to →make an adjustment to (作出调整以)适应adapt oneself to (使自己)适应= adjust oneself to (调整自己以)适应8.for sure 确定的(地)；确切的(地)9.the other day 不久前的一天(典型的一般过去时的时间状语)/doc/692682126.html,e across (偶然)遇见；(偶然)碰到→run into11.be relevant to 与…相关；与…密切相关12.make a difference (to…)对…有影响；有所作为13.shake hands with 和…握手14.get through 通过；度过；完成；接通(电话等)15.participate in→take part in /join in16.dry out (指浸水等之物)变干；干透(become empty of water; to become completely dry)dry up (指河流、井、食物等)干涸(to become completely dry; to come to an end)dry off (使) 变干；使干透，弄干(to become dry on the surface) 课文词块翻译1：1.have no concept of doing experiments 没有做实验的概念2.to be honest 老实说；说实话3.build a fire 生火4.covered the vegetables with banana leaves 用香蕉叶盖住蔬菜5.with grass sticking out of the roof 茅草伸出屋顶必背句型2：1.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards thelives of people who really need it.(not…but…并列连词，连接并列的结构，连接并列主语时，谓语动词与就近的主语保持一致；此句中含有三个定语从句)仿写：Such is life. The one who I loved didn’t love me while I didn’t love the one who loved me.人生如此奇妙。
2022外研版英语-新高一-定语从句（专项练习）定语从句-全面解析【教学目标】能准确理解定语从句的定义、构成；关系代词和关系副词的区别【教学重点】定语从句关系代词的选用【教学难点】在复合句中，能正确辨认定语从句，并区别其他从句【教学内容一】定语从句-关系连词分类分类关系词所指代的先行词在从句中的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语（可省略）whom人宾语（可省略）which物主语、宾语（可省略）that人或物主语、宾语（可省略）Whose（谁的=adj）whose后必须是名词人或物定语关系副词when状语从句不缺成分时间状语where状语从句不缺成分地点状语why状语从句不缺成分原因状语【教学内容二】关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。
关系副词有when，where，why等。
关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。
1.关系代词的用法：1)由who引导的定语从句关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。
如：A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.（关系代词在从句中作主语）The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）2)由whom引导的定语从句关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。
如：The man whom you met on the street is my father.（关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略）The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.（关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略）3)由that引导的定语从句关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。
Book7 Unit 4必背句型1：1.It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. (It takes sb. sth. to do…)相似句：The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. 眼睛需要时间来调整适应。
2.The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, themixture was bubbling over everywhere!(was/were doing…when…正在做…突然…；before还没来得及)仿写：They were shopping when the hotel opposite the street fell down.他们正逛街突然对面酒店倒塌了。
The ruins fell onto them before they could fled from the spot.他们还没来得及跑出现场，废墟就砸他们身上了。
3.There was a newly made platform (for Jenny and me)to sleep on.新做了一个平台，是让我和珍妮睡觉用的。
(to sleep on作定语，与所修饰的platform有动宾关系，不能省略on, 不定式前有for sb, 可知是主动的)必背短语1：1.work as 充当；担任；担任…的工作→近义短语：serve as/ act as2.take photos of / take a photo of 给…拍照3.hear from 收到…的来信hear about 听到；得知；了解4.be dying to do渴望做；极想做→be eager/desperate/thirsty/greedy to do→long/desire to do →have a strong desire to dobe dying/eager/desperate/thirsty/greedy for sth. →long for→have a strong for 极想/渴望得到…5.be made of/from由…制成be made up of由…组成be made in在…制造6.up to 多达；直到；胜任；由…负责7.adapt to 适应→adjust to →make an adjustment to (作出调整以)适应adapt oneself to (使自己)适应= adjust oneself to (调整自己以)适应8.for sure 确定的(地)；确切的(地)9.the other day 不久前的一天(典型的一般过去时的时间状语)e across (偶然)遇见；(偶然)碰到→run into11.be relevant to 与…相关；与…密切相关12.make a difference (to…)对…有影响；有所作为13.shake hands with 和…握手14.get through 通过；度过；完成；接通(电话等)15.participate in→take part in /join in16.dry out (指浸水等之物)变干；干透(become empty of water; to become completely dry)dry up (指河流、井、食物等)干涸(to become completely dry; to come to an end)dry off (使) 变干；使干透，弄干(to become dry on the surface)课文词块翻译1：1.have no concept of doing experiments 没有做实验的概念2.to be honest 老实说；说实话3.build a fire 生火4.covered the vegetables with banana leaves 用香蕉叶盖住蔬菜5.with grass sticking out of the roof 茅草伸出屋顶必背句型2：1.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards thelives of people who really need it.(not…but…并列连词，连接并列的结构，连接并列主语时，谓语动词与就近的主语保持一致；此句中含有三个定语从句)仿写：Such is life. The one who I loved didn’t love me while I didn’t love the one who loved me.人生如此奇妙。
定语从句知识点讲解定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分。
它用来修饰名词或代词，给出更多的信息，进一步限定或说明这个名词或代词。
一、定语从句的引导词在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，它们引导定语从句的开始，起到连接作用。
1. 关系代词：关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that五个。
- Who用于表示人，在从句中做主语或宾语：This is the man whohelped me.- Whom用于表示人，在从句中做宾语：This is the man whom I met yesterday.- Whose用于表示人或物，在从句中做定语修饰：This is the man whose car was stolen.- Which用于表示物，在从句中做主语或宾语：This is the book whichI borrowed from the library.- That用于表示人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语，通常用于非限制性定语从句：This is the house that Jack built.（限制性）This is the house, which Jack built.（非限制性）2. 关系副词：关系副词有where, when, why三个。
第1页/共4页- Where用于表示地点，在从句中做状语：This is the place where we met.- When用于表示时间，在从句中也做状语：This is the time when we had a meeting.- Why用于表示原因，在从句中也做状语：This is the reason why he was late.二、定语从句的位置定语从句可以放在名词前面或后面，它是修饰名词的重要手段。
1. 定语从句放在名词前面：This is the book that I borrowed from the library.（这是我从图书馆借来的书。
年级高二学科英语版本人教新课标版课程标题选修7 Unit 4 定语从句编稿老师冯振宇一校林卉二校黄楠审核刘晓军一、学习目标1. 复习定语从句2. 掌握定语从句的引导词的用法二、重点、难点关系代词that与which的区别以及关系副词的用法。
三、考情分析三大从句是高考的重点，而定语从句又是三大从句难度最大的一类，其难点主要在于其灵活性。
在高考单选中占据1-2分。
四、知能提升（一）知识讲解【认知讲解】● 教材原句呈现I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.对比分析第一个句子中的which引导的定语从句修饰前面的photos，而后面的I talk about也是一个定语从句，只不过是省略了引导词that。
第二个句子中的I could see也是一个定语从句，其前也是省略了关系代词that。
【重、难点】I. 概念：（1）定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
（2）先行词：被定语从句修饰的成分。
先行词可以为一个名词、代词，有时候还可是一个短语或整个主句。
（3）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：1）引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2）必在从句中作某种句子成分（可作主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词：that（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语；可指人或物）which（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语或定语；只可指物）who（主格，在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中可作宾语；只可指人）whom（宾格，在从句中作宾语；只可指人）whose（属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物）as（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语；可指人或物，通常指代事物）；常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）：when（时间状语），why（原因状语），where（地点状语）II. 几个关系代词的基本用法：一）that:①可指人或物；②在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语（指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which）；③一般不用于非限制性定语从句；④不可置于介词后作宾语。
