航海英语阅读理解

本⽂是为您准备的《航海英语阅读理解90篇(带翻译)》请⼤家参考!Chapter 1（⼤连题库 60 篇）Passage 01 Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. Some are also designed to carry passengers. They can operate as liners 班轮. These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or not. Liners can be classed as either deep-sea 远洋 liners or short-sea liners 近海. The former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the world; the later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routes. Ferries 渡船 are also classed as liners. These offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles across channels and narrow seas. A few ships are still employed as passenger liners. They not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far East. Nowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually operate as cruise ships 游轮 for part of the year. 商船设计得能运载货物。

第三部分Passage 3-01Labour should be ordered by 0900 hrs for 2nd shift (1500 to 2300 hrs) on same day and by 1300 hrs for 1st shift (0700 to 1500 hrs) for next day. By1100 hrs, for 3rd shift (2300 to 0500 hrs) in same day.Under normal circumstances, no work is performed during meal hours 1100 to 1200 hrs and 1830 to 1930 hrs. unless the ship is classified as a key vessel or the agent orders work during the meal hours.001. If you want to order labour in this port for the third shift in same day, the order should be made by ____C____ .A. any timeB. 0900 hoursC. 1100 hoursD. 1300 hours 002.___B_____is performed during meal hours under usual circumstances.A. Cargo workB. No cargo workC. Ordering work by AgentD. loading and discharging003. Loading and discharging can be performed during meal hours ___A__A. if the ship is classified as a key vesselB. if agent orders work beforehandC. under normal circumstancesD. either A or B004. What does the word “key” mean ___C_____?A. ladenB. smallC. pivotalD. bigPassage 3-02Before arrival in the United Kingdom, the master will have informed his owners or agents of the approximate time of the vessel's arrival at the pilot station for the port of destination. The vessel should be flying her ensign and also her signal letters and the requisite pilot signal when approaching the pilot station. The international signals, as well as any local port signals, can be found in the Sailing Directions, which is also known as the "Pilot Book"When a pilot is required most ports now require due notice of the vessel's ETA to be sent in by radio. However, this does not relieve the ship's obligation to display the pilot signal ("G" by any of the methods of signaling ) until the pilot is aboard when "H" flag will be flown. If the master or first mate of the vessel has a pilotage certificate for the district then the above is unnecessary, in such case the pilot flag (white and red horizontal halves, as on the pilot vessel) will be flown.005. While the pilot is on ship, ----B---should be displayed on the top of the ship mast.(1) "G" flag (2) "H" flagA. only (1)B. only (2)C. both (1) and (2)D. (1) plus (2)006. What's the meaning of the "ETA"____A____ .A. Estimated time of ArrivalB. Expected time of ArrivalC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B007. Which statement under below is correct_____A___ .A. The Sailing Directions Book is as same as Pilot BookB. The Sailing Directions Book and the Pilot Book are different booksC. The Pilot Book is a part of the Sailing Directions BookD. The Sailing Directions Book contains the Pilot Book008. Before arrival in the United Kingdom, the master should inform ________ to his owner or agents AA. ETAB. ETDC. GMTD. LTPassage 3-03The basic concept of the GMDSS is that on-shore Search and Rescue authorities, inaddition to shipping in the immediate vicinity of a ship in distress, will be alertedrapidly to an incident so that they can assist in co-ordinating a search and rescue operation with the minimum of delay.The system will also provide for urgency and safety communications, and the dissemination of Maritime Safety Information (MSI) including Navigational Warningsand Weather Messages.GMDSS applies to all ships of 300 G.R.T. or larger, to all passenger ships and allships on international voyages, which are subject to the SOLAS Convention 1974, as amended 1988.GMDSS has been adopted by the IMO.009. What's the meaning of the SOLAS ________ .A. International Regulations for Preventing Collision At Sea.B. International Convention for the Safety of Life At SeaC. Salvage Operations of Life At SeaD. All above are wrong010. The "G.R.T." refers to ________ .A. Gross Register TonnageB. Gross Registered TonnageC. Gross TonnageD. Gross River Tonnage011. GMDSS applies to ________ .A. all ships of 300 G.R.T. and over 300 G.R.T.B. all passenger shipsC. all ships on international routeD. all above are correct012. The full name of GMDSS is ________ .A. Global Maritime Distress Satellite SystemB. Global Maritime Distress and Safety SystemC. Global Marine Distress Satellite SystemD. Global Marine Distress and Safety SystemPassage 3-04The axial thrust of the propeller is the force working in a fore and aft direction. This force causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern. Because of her shape，a ship will move ahead through the water more easily than going astern. The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotates. The transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract the opposite effect of the lower blades. For right-handed propellers this cants the ship's stern to starboard and her bow to port，when the ship is going ahead. The effect is small and can be corrected by the rudder. When the engines are put astern，the effect is the opposite and the stern cants to port. This effect is stronger and cannot easily be corrected. Vessels with left-handed propellers behave in the opposite way.013.The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern is known as________.A. axial thrustB. transverse thrustC. the transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface ofthe waterD. the transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottomof the water014.A left-handed propellers，when the ship is going ahead，will cant ship's stern to________.A. starboardB. portC. to move aheadD. move astern015.The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is________.A. going a sternB. going aheadC. stoppedD. making no way through the water016.The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by ________.A. the rudderB. the propeller itselfC. the nautical instrumentD. wind and tidePassage 3-05The task of a helmsman is to steer the ship precisely according to the instructions of the officer of the watch. On passage, these instructions take the form of a course to be held, regardless of wind, sea or other sources of deviation. At other times, the instructions will call for the ship to be turned to port or starboard, or to be prevented from turning, or to be lined up on a particular heading.A good helmsman uses the least rudder deflection to maintain a steady course. He must learn quickly at the beginning of each trick whether the ship is carrying port or starboard helm.Most ships now set and steer courses in degrees on the full scale of 0-360degrrs.This system replaces the traditional use of the compass scale divided into cardinals and points. Nevertheless, every seaman and navigator must be familiar with the older system, since the necessary for obtaining certain qualifications (e.g. the Certificate of Efficiency as lifeboatmen); points are also used for indication wind direction.017. Nowadays, the “helmsman” is also called ________ onboard.A. Ordinary seamanB. BosunC. Able seamanD. Carpenter 018.What was used for indication the ship's course in traditional navigation________ .A. Adegrees on the full scale of 0-360B. cardinals and points of compassC. sounding in metersD. distance in miles019. When dose the helmsman has to steer the ship precisely ________ .A. according to the instructions of the officer of the watchB. when the ship to be turned or to be prevented from turningC. when the ship to be lined up on a particular headingD. all above are correct020. According to "points are also used for indication wind direction", please predict how to indicate the set of the current________ .A. degreesB. pointsC. centigradeD. Beaufort scalePassage 3-06While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariners service is accurate，the user needs to be aware of the risks to corruption of data. It is important that the user should only use the data on suitable equipment and that，other applications should not be running on the user's machine at the same time. Users should exercise their professional judgement in the use of data，and also consult the Mariners Handbook (NP100) for further details. The user needs to be aware that there is a possibility that data could be corrupted during transmission，or in the process of display or printing on the user's equipment，or if converted to other software formats，and is accordingly advised that the UKHO cannot accept responsibility for any such change，or any modifications or unauthorised changes，made by licensees，or other parties.021.The data may become corrupted in any of the following process except _______.A. during transmissionB. in the display or printing on the user's equipmentC. in converting to other software formatsD. in air mail delivery to the readers022.The use of the data is advised to consult _______ for further details.A. Mariners HandbookB. Sailing DirectionsC. Guide to Port EntryD. Notices to Mariners023.Of the following items _______ is not mentioned for which UKHO will accept noresponsibility.A. change in the process of display or printingB. unauthorised changes made by licensees or other partiesC. modifications made by licensees or other partiesD. professional amendments024.It is implied that _______.A. the data are incorrectB. the data are to be corrected intensivelyC. although the data are accurate enough，you are still advised to use it withcautionD. not to use it if you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessarycorrectionPassage 3-07The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling and quicker turnover of cargoes. Cargoes to be carried by this type of ship are pre-packed into containers before being loaded aboard the ship. Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. Made of metal or other durable materials，they are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carried. One of the features of container ships is that some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circles，and the trend is that the tonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future.025.What does "innovation" in the first paragraph mean? ________.A. making changesB. the introduction of an antigenic substance into the body against a specificdiseaseC. The act of introducing something new.D. revolution026.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.A. filledB. loadedC. stuffedD. closed officially or under the supervision of notary public027.Of the following，________ is not the feature of the container ship?A. Some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.B. It is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargoC. The container ship is becoming increasingly saferD. Cargoes are pre-packed into the container028.The tonnage of container ship is ________.A. decreasingB. increasingC. remaining the sameD. changingPassage 3-08Nautical charts are indispensable to mariners. They，however，are subject to frequent changes，such as those of navigational aids，of waterways due to the dredging and construction，of depths of water，and of removal or appearance of wrecks. In order to keep up-to-date and reliable，nautical charts have to undergo correction. Changes of importance are generally promulgated by weekly edition of Notices to Mariners，which enable mariners to correct the charts by hand. If major changes make it impracticable to do so，the Notices will provide a reproduction of a small area，which is also called block，to be pasted onto the chart in its correct position. 029.Nautical charts need correction because ________.A. navigational aids are sometimes indispensable.B. there are always some mistakesC. wrecks may appear or be removedD. they could never be reprinted030.Correction to charts are made by crew members in accordance with ________.A. Notices to MarinersB. Sailing DirectionsC. Guide to Port EntryD. Supplement031.In the passage，Blocks are ________.A. large scale chartsB. representations of chartsC. reproductions of portions of chartsD. small scale charts032.The purpose of correction to charts is to ________.A. keep them up-to-dateB. make the charts brand-newC. keep the charts available to all mariners in the worldD. keep the charts free from mistakesPassage 3-09Corrections to Sailing Directions are given in Section Ⅳ. Those in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners. A list of corrections in force is published in Section Ⅳ of the Weekly Edition for the last week of each month.It is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top. The list should be consulted when using the parent book to see if any corrections affecting the area under consideration are in force. It is not recommended that corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，but，if this is done，when a new supplement is received care must be taken to retain those corrections issued after the date of the new supplement，which may be several months before its receipt on board.033.________ are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners.A. The Sailing DirectionsB. The corrections to Sailing DirectionsC. The effective corrections to Notices to MarinersD. The Weekly Edition034.The parent book is ________.A. The Sailing DirectionB. The corrections to Sailing Directions in forceC. the Annual Summary of Notices to MarinersD. the Weekly Edition035.It is recommended that corrections to the Sailing Directions be ________.A. made by handB. consulted at the last week of each monthC. stuck in the parent book or current supplementD. kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top036.If the corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，________.A. when a new supplement is received，those corrections issued after the dateof the new supplement must be retainedB. the parent book must be consultedC. the current supplement must be consultedD. the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners must be usedPassage 3 -10The amount of detail shown on a chart varies with the scale of the chart. On a large scale chart，for example，full details of all lights and fog signals are shown，but on smaller scales the order of reduction of information in elevation，period，range，until on an ocean chart of the area only lights with a range of 15 miles or more will normally be inserted，and then only their light-star and magenta flare. On the other hand，radio beacons are omitted from large scale charts where their use would be inappropriate，and，unless they are long range beacons，from ocean charts. 037.Ocean charts are ________ ones.A. large scaleB. small scaleC. inappropriateD. omitted038.What cannot be found in the large scale charts? ________.A. Radio beacons of small rangeB. Full details of all lights.C. ElevationsD. Full details of fog signals039.The light-star and magenta flare are shown on ________.A. large scale charts onlyB. small scale charts onlyC. both small and large scale chartsD. neither small nor large scale charts040.The title of this passage should be ________.A. Lights and Beacons on ChartsB. Characteristic of Lights and BeaconsC. Corrections to Small and Large Scale chartsD. Navigational Charts PublicationPassage 3-11DALIAN OBSY GALE WARNING 190600ZCOLD FRONT WILL PASS BOHAI SEA BOHAI STRAITS NORTH AND CENTRAL HUANGHAI SEA CAUSING GALE WINDS TOMORROW AFTERNOON AND EVENING STOP.SYNOPTIC SITUATION 190600ZLOW 994 HPA AT 48N 118E MOVING SE 8 KTS WITH COLD FRONT FROM CENTER PASSISNG 44N 128E HIGH 1013HPA AT 38N 124E STATIONARY STOP24HOURS WEATHER FORECAST FROM 191000ZBOHAI SEA BOHAI STRAITS NORTH AND CENTRAL HUANGHAI SEA PARLY CLOUDY BECOMING OVERCAST TOMORROW WITH RAIN SW WINDS FORCE 7 TO 8 TOMORROW ATERNOON AND EVENING SEA ROUGH BECOMING VERY ROUGH STOP.041.The COLD FRONT will pass Bohai Sea，Bohai Straits，North and central Huanghai Sea onA. The 20thB. The 19thC. The 18thD. The 6th042.________ is stationary at 38N 124E.A. Low 994 HpaB. High 1013 HpaC. Cold frontD. Warm front043.The winds are expected tomorrow to be_______?A. roughB. very roughC. SE 8 knotsD. SW 7-8 in force044.What is the weather like tomorrow in this area? _______.A. It will be partly cloudy becoming overcast with rain and SW force 7-8 windsB. LOW 994 HPA at 48N 118E is moving SE 8 KTS with COLD FRONT from center passing44N 128EC. HIGH 1013HPA at 38N 124E will be stationaryD. It will rain the whole dayPassage 3-12In some parts of a chart where the spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kind，there may be Cautions，Warnings，Notes，etc.，which should be taken into account while using a chart. All of those Cautionary Notes give the mariner facilities to ensure safe navigation，such as to avoid running aground in shallow waters and making damages to nearby fishing gears，and to keep off any hazards in areas where submarine frequently exercises. Furthermore，they are of good help to mariners，as to the reliability of the navigational aids especially in congested waters or narrow channels，to prevent any possible accidents.045.What is the main topic of this passage? ________.A. Regulations of the harborB. Details in the Sailing DirectionsC. Rules of the terminalD. Description on Admiralty Charts046.According to the passage，you must pay attention to ________ while using a chart.A. Cautions，Warnings and NotesB. Reports，Symbols and ChartsC. Explanations，accounts and answersD. Damages，hazards and injuries047.Cautionary Notes are helpful for mariners ________.A. to run aground in shallow watersB. to make damages to nearby fishing gearsC. to keep off hazards in areas where submarine exercisesD. to keep the reliability of the aids to navigation in congested waters or narrowchannels048.Cautions，Warnings，Notes，etc. are likely inserted in some parts of a chart where ________.A. submarine frequently exercisesB. there are fishing gearsC. the waters is congested and the channels are narrowD. the spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kindPassage 3-13Logbooks required by law，to be filled out by masters or officers on duty of every ship，the forms of which must be proved by the shipping companies or marine authorities.Logbooks are used to record the events occurring during the ship's stay in a harbor，at anchorage，or underway，and they are also requested to produce evidences in case officials inquire about accidents.On completion of the voyage the logbook must be submitted to the superintendent of the owner or the marine authorities for justification，checking or approval. Therefore，everything recorded in the logbook must be true and accurate.When a misentry has been made in the log，a red line would be drawn on those parts. The correct entry with signature should be made near or above them. No erasures or cuts are to be allowed.049.The best title for the passage is " ________ "A. The forms of logbooksB. The use of logbooksC. Characteristics of logbooksD. How to check logbooks050.When a misentry has been made in the log，________.A. erasures or cuts are to be allowed.B. it is to be corrected out by masters or officers on duty of every shipC. it is to be produced in case officials inquire about accidents.D. a red line would be drawn on those parts，with correct entry with signaturebeing made near or above them.051.The forms of logbooks must be proved by ________.A. officials who inquire about accidents.B. the shipping companies or marine authorities.C. masters or officers on duty.D. the superintendent of the owner.052.The logbook must be submitted ________ to the superintendent of the owner or the marine authorities for justification，checking or approval.A. on completion of the voyageB. in a harborC. at anchorageD. underwayPassage 3-14For navigation，radar is of incredible value. It provides the navigator with his position，his distance from ships or obstructions nearby and other accurate information to prevent collision and ensure the safety of the ship. Radar can display all objects within its working range clearly，either in clear weather or in thick fog. In addition，if the radar information is correctly interpreted，the navigator can easily work out the speed and direction of an approaching object and take proper measures to keep his ship from any danger.Shore-based radar also plays an important role in shipping. If ship's radar is in trouble，the radar observer at the stations will use VHF radio to alert them to other traffic in the vicinity as well as to advise their position. Up to now，many radar surveillance systems have been installed in most large seaports. They are intended to smooth and control the flow of traffic to and from the harbor.053.For navigation，the radar is ________.A. of no valueB. very importantC. so expensive that people don't know how much it isD. valueless054.Which of the following statements about radar's function for marine purposes is incorrect? ________.A. It provides the navigator the ship's positionB. It provides information to protect ships from collisionC. It displays all the objects at sea clearlyD. It displays the observer's distance from ships and obstructions nearby 055.If the ship's radar is in trouble，the shore-based radar ________.A. may provide the ship of her positionB. should be installed with surveillance systemsC. shall advise the ship to use VHFD. will be put into use immediately056.Radar surveillance systems ________.A. may provide all ships of their technical conditionsB. should be installed with VHFC. shall be correctly interpreted，D. are intended to smooth and control the flow of traffic to and from the harbor.Passage 3-15Communications over relatively short distances can be made by visual or sound signals. Visual signals can be sent by using flags or an Aldis lamp. An Aldis lamp is an electric lamp used for flashing messages in Morse code. The traditional method of signaling from one ship to another is by using flags. There are different colored flags for each letter of the alphabet. There are also pennant-shaped flags for numbers，and a long pennant，known as an answering or code pennant. Three other flags，which are burgee-shaped，are known as substitutes. These show that the flat or pennantis being repeated. Besides standing for a letter of the alphabet，each flag，when hoisted along，has another meaning. For example，the "W" flag also means: "I require medical assistance". Flags can also be hoisted in combinations of two，three or four. Siren，whistle，bell or other sound signals can be used in fog and similar circumstances when visual signals can not be seen.munications over relatively short distances may be made by ________.A. visual signalsB. sound signalsC. Morse CodeD. Either visual or sound signals058.An Aldis lamp is used for ________.A. transmitting Morse codeB. flashing flagsC. sending flag signalsD. sending sound signals059.Burgee-shaped flags are used as substitutes to show ________.A. "repeating"B. "answering"C. "code" pennantD. "I requiring medical assistance"060.________ are used in fog and similar circumstances when visual signals can not be seen.A. Visual signalsB. SubstitutesC. Pennant-shaped flagsD. The ship's siren，whistle or bellPassage 3-16When the senders of goods have large shipment to make，and especially when bulk cargo is concerned，it is advisable that they have some ships at their disposal. Some of the big companies set up a fleet of their own，but the rest may find it more profitable to hire instead of building or buying ships. This is called "chartering". The chartering of the ship is usually done through the intermediary of brokers，who，when hired，will go through all the necessary formalities on behalf of the charterer. In London there is a special center "the Baltic Exchange"，where the brokers operate in much the same way as stock and share brokers on a stock exchange. But it is easy for home shippers to hire Chinese or foreign ships through China National Chartering Corporation，which takes care of chartering business on orders from various import and export corporations.061.When large shipment is concerned，________ is not the way for the sender to have ships at their disposal.A. to charter shipsB. to build shipsC. to buy shipsD. to scrape ships062.In chartering all the necessary formalities are performed through ________.A. the intermediary of agentsB. the intermediary of brokersC. the charterersD. the "Baltic Exchange"063.The function of "the Baltic Exchange" is ________.A. to deal with stocksB. to exchange cargoesC. to operate on sharesD. to charter ships064.China National Chartering Corporation takes care of chartering business for home shippers. "To take care of " means ________.A. to pay attention toB. to be concerned withC. to be liable forD. to take charge ofPassage 3-17A tropical storm is not so extensive as the depression of higher latitudes but，within 75 miles or so of the center，the wind is often far more violent，and the high and confused seas near the center may cause considerable damage to large and well-found ships，while small vessels (for example，destroyers) have foundered. The danger is still greater when ships are caught in restricted waters without adequate room to maneuver. Within 5 to 10 miles of the center the wind is light or moderate and variable，the sky is clear or partially so，and there is a heavy，sometimes mountainous，confused swell. This area is known as the "eye" of the storm. After passing through the relatively windless center of the storm the wind will suddenly，and with great violence，commence to blow from a direction opposite to that experienced on the other side of the windless center. Due to torrential rain visibility near the storm center is almost nil.065.Within ________ of a tropical storm center，the wind is violent.A. no more than 75 milesB. not more than 75 milesC. 75 miles or a greater distanceD. about 75 miles066.Among the following，________ one may not be found in the "eye" of the storm?A. The visibility is moderate or goodB. The wind is light or moderateC. The sky is clear or partly cloudyD. The swell is low or moderate.067.In the passage，"a well-found ship " means ________.A. a ship has been found in any placeB. a ship has been found in good visibilityC. a ship with all the necessary equipment properly maintainedD. a ship in huge size068.The visibility near tropical storm center is ________.A. Very poorB. PoorC. ModerateD. GoodPassage 3-18By turning the GAIN control clockwise，the gain of the receiver increases and the observing range of the target expands. Adjust this control so that the best pictures may be displayed on the screen，according to the range scale in use. In the short。

航海英语阅读理解题集Unit 01Passage 1 Admiralty TotalTideAdmiralty TotalTide (DP550) is a PC-based （基于个人电脑）tidal prediction program （预测程序）which uses the same prediction algorithms （运算法则）and Harmonic Constants （谐和常数）as the Admiralty TotalTide, and has been designed to meet SOLAS carriage requirements（运输条款）.Tidal heights for both Standard and Secondary Ports are displayed in graphical and tabular form以图表形式. Tidal Stream rates 潮流速率are presented on a chart-based diagram表示在一张航用海图上的简图.TotalTide permits the mariner to select and simultaneously 有选择地或同步calculate tidal heights for multiple ports 多个港口for up to seven days最多达到7天. Output from the system 从该系统输出的形式also includes periods of daylight 白昼and nautical twilight航海的黄昏、黎明, moon phases and a springs and neaps （大、小潮）indicator. Underkeel and overhead clearance 富裕水深和高处间隙can be displayed in a graphic form 以图表形式to aid passage planning帮助航路设计.TotalTide is supplied in the form of a single CD 光盘which contains the calculation program and the seven geographic Area Data Sets 7个地区的汇总数据资料(ADS) providing global coverage. A permit system then provides access to the areas required. Annual updates 年度的更新资料for TotalTide are available from Admiralty Chart Agents, and are recommended.1. The Admiralty TotalTide (Dp550) is .A．an article abstracted from SOLAS B．a Book known as Admiralty TotalTideC．an Admiralty Chart Agent D．a PC-based tidal prediction program2. is not an item contained in the output of the Admiralty TotalTide.A．periods of daylight and nautical twilight B．moon phasesC．an indicator of springs and neaps D．the seven geographic Area Data Sets3. Underkeel and overhead clearances are used to .A．calculate tidal heights for multiple ports B．select recommended sailing directionsC．display in graphical and tabular form of Tidal Stream rates D．aid passage planning4. It is inferred that the prediction algorithms are used for .A．displaying in graphical and tabular form of tidal heightsB．updating of the Admiralty TotalTideC．an calculation of the program and the seven geographic Area Data SetsD．the determination of tides and currents for certain area concenedPassage 2 Ocean Passages for the World世界大洋航路For the mariner planning an ocean passage为了让航海人员设计一条远洋航路, Ocean Passages for the World（NP136）provides a selection of commonly used routes 从常用航线中挑选了一部分with their distances between principal ports and important positions. It contains details of weather, currents and ice hazards appropriate to the routes, and so links the volumes of Sailing Directions并与航路指南相衔接. It also gives other useful information on Load Line 载重线Rules, Weather Routeing气象航路.The volume is in two parts: Part I gives routes for powered vessels机动船; Parts II gives routes used in the past by sailing ships帆船, edited from former editions to bring names up-to-date 根据编辑，前者所出现的名称是最新的, and with certain notes added并附加了某些注意事项. The book is updated by本书由……更新Section IV of Admiralty Notices to Mariners, Weekly Editions, and periodically by supplements由补篇周期性地更新.5. is not contained in Ocean Passages for the World（NP136）.A．Details of weather B．Currents appropriate to the routesC．Ice hazards appropriate to the routes D．Tonnage measurement6. Ocean Passages for the World（NP136）is updated by .A．Weekly NW B．Weather RouteingC．circulars from IMO D．certain notes7. Part I of Ocean Passages for the World gives .A．routes used in the past by sailing ships B．routes for powered vesselsC．supplements D．useful information on Load Line Rules, Weather Routeing, etc.8. Contained in the Ocean Passages for the World (NP136) is also the information linking the volumes of .A．Admiralty Notices to Mariners B．Sailing DirectionsC．Load Line Rules D．Weather RouteingPassage 3 The Nautical Almanac航海天文历, Star Finder Identifier索星卡和星球仪The Nautical Almanac tabulates all date for the year required for the practice of astronomical navigation at sea.为海上天文航海实践的需要，航海天文历均以表格形式按一年的期限给出所的的数据。

航海英语阅读理解题集Unit 01Passage 1 Admiralty TotalTideAdmiralty TotalTide (DP550) is a PC-based （基于个人电脑）tidal prediction program （预测程序）which uses the same prediction algorithms （运算法则）and Harmonic Constants （谐和常数）as the Admiralty TotalTide, and has been designed to meet SOLAS carriage requirements（运输条款）.Tidal heights for both Standard and Secondary Ports are displayed in graphical and tabular form以图表形式. Tidal Stream rates 潮流速率are presented on a chart-based diagram表示在一张航用海图上的简图.TotalTide permits the mariner to select and simultaneously 有选择地或同步calculate tidal heights for multiple ports 多个港口for up to seven days最多达到7天. Output from the system 从该系统输出的形式also includes periods of daylight 白昼and nautical twilight航海的黄昏、黎明, moon phases and a springs and neaps （大、小潮）indicator. Underkeel and overhead clearance 富裕水深和高处间隙can be displayed in a graphic form 以图表形式to aid passage planning帮助航路设计.TotalTide is supplied in the form of a single CD 光盘which contains the calculation program and the seven geographic Area Data Sets 7个地区的汇总数据资料(ADS) providing global coverage. A permit system then provides access to the areas required. Annual updates 年度的更新资料for TotalTide are available from Admiralty Chart Agents, and are recommended.1. The Admiralty TotalTide (Dp550) is .A．an article abstracted from SOLAS B．a Book known as Admiralty TotalTideC．an Admiralty Chart Agent D．a PC-based tidal prediction program2. is not an item contained in the output of the Admiralty TotalTide.A．periods of daylight and nautical twilight B．moon phasesC．an indicator of springs and neaps D．the seven geographic Area Data Sets3. Underkeel and overhead clearances are used to .A．calculate tidal heights for multiple ports B．select recommended sailing directionsC．display in graphical and tabular form of Tidal Stream rates D．aid passage planning4. It is inferred that the prediction algorithms are used for .A．displaying in graphical and tabular form of tidal heightsB．updating of the Admiralty TotalTideC．an calculation of the program and the seven geographic Area Data SetsD．the determination of tides and currents for certain area concenedPassage 2 Ocean Passages for the World世界大洋航路For the mariner planning an ocean passage为了让航海人员设计一条远洋航路, Ocean Passages for the World（NP136）provides a selection of commonly used routes 从常用航线中挑选了一部分with their distances between principal ports and important positions. It contains details of weather, currents and ice hazards appropriate to the routes, and so links the volumes of Sailing Directions并与航路指南相衔接. It also gives other useful information on Load Line 载重线Rules, Weather Routeing气象航路.The volume is in two parts: Part I gives routes for powered vessels机动船; Parts II gives routes used in the past by sailing ships帆船, edited from former editions to bring names up-to-date 根据编辑，前者所出现的名称是最新的, and with certain notes added并附加了某些注意事项. The book is updated by本书由……更新Section IV of Admiralty Notices to Mariners, Weekly Editions, and periodically by supplements由补篇周期性地更新.5. is not contained in Ocean Passages for the World（NP136）.A．Details of weather B．Currents appropriate to the routesC．Ice hazards appropriate to the routes D．Tonnage measurement6. Ocean Passages for the World（NP136）is updated by .A．Weekly NW B．Weather RouteingC．circulars from IMO D．certain notes7. Part I of Ocean Passages for the World gives .A．routes used in the past by sailing ships B．routes for powered vesselsC．supplements D．useful information on Load Line Rules, Weather Routeing, etc.8. Contained in the Ocean Passages for the World (NP136) is also the information linking the volumes of .A．Admiralty Notices to Mariners B．Sailing DirectionsC．Load Line Rules D．Weather RouteingPassage 3 The Nautical Almanac航海天文历, Star Finder Identifier索星卡和星球仪The Nautical Almanac tabulates all date for the year required for the practice of astronomical navigation at sea.为海上天文航海实践的需要，航海天文历均以表格形式按一年的期限给出所的的数据。

第三部分Passage 3-01Labour should be ordered by 0900 hrs for 2nd shift (1500 to 2300 hrs) on same day and by 1300 hrs for 1st shift (0700 to 1500 hrs) for next day. by 1100 hrs, for (2300 to 0500 hrs) in same day.Under normal circumstances, no work is performed during meal hours of 1100 it 1200 hrs and 1830 hrs unless the ship is classified as a key vessel or the agent orders work during the meal hours.在同一天早上9点应该安排第二工班（1500到2300）的工作，和下午2点安排第2天第一工班（0700到1500）的工作，在同一天的中午11点安排第三工班（2300到0500）的工作。

在常规环境下，没有工作执行在用餐时间1100到1200点和晚上1830，除非船舶类型被看作关键的船或代理安排工作在用餐的时间里。

001. If you want to order labour in this port for the third shift in same day, the order should be made by .A. any timeB. 0900 hoursC. 1100 hoursD. 1300 hours在同一天如果你想安排工作在这个港口的第三工班，这安排应该在早上1100。

002. is performed during meal hours under usual circumstances.A. Cargo workB. No cargo workC. Ordering work by AgentD. loading and discharging没有工作执行在用餐时间，在常规环境下。

Passage 01Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. Some are also designed to carry passengers. They can operate as liners. These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or not. Liners can be classed as either deep-sea liners or short-sea liners. The former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the world; the later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routes. Ferries are also classed as liners. These offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles across channels and narrow seas. A few ships are still employed as passenger liners. They not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far East. Nowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually operate as cruise ships for part of the year.001.The deep-sea liners ________.A. carry mainly containerized cargoB. carry mainly conventional cargoC. offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehiclesD. sail across channels and narrow seas.002.The Liners ________.A. always sail fullB. sail regularly even not fullC. always sail in ballastD. will not sail if not full003.A list of the arrival and departure dates of liners ________.A. will be published weeklyB. will be published when they sail，whether full or not，from Europe to North America and to the Far EastC. will not be published even they sail fully loadedD. is published prior to their departure004.It is implied in the passage that ________.A. the number of passenger ships is smallB. all passenger ships will carry some cargo in near futureC. it is not necessary for liners to sail in regular timeD. container carriers should carry some passengersPassage 02Nowadays，most merchant ships are built to carry cargoes. And they mainly operate as tramps. These vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetable，but are employed where there is cargo for them to carry. Tramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea tramps. A number are classed as coasters. These ply on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports. The traditional tramp cargoes are dry bulk cargoes，but some are designed to carry general cargoes.A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels. These are designed to carry a particular type of cargo. There are several types of specialized vessel. The most common are oil tankers. They are owned by the major oil companies or by independent operators. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are chemical carriers and liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers.005.The deep-sea tramps ________.A. carry bulk and general cargo across the high seasB. are built to carry passengersC. are mainly coastersD. are specialized vessel006.The coasters ________.A. always sail across the high seasB. commonly carry oil cargoC. are mainly tankersD. sail on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports007.The importance of LNG carriers ________.A. is growingB. is not mentioned in passageC. is decreasingD. will be discussed further if necessary008.It is implied in the passage that ________.A. the number of specialized vessels is not smallB. all oil tankers will carry some chemicals in near futureC. the tramps and specialized vessels are the basic type of merchant ships.D. container carriers should not be classed as trampsPassage 03Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types. One type carries dry cargo，the other carries liquid cargo; however，an OBO ship is designed to carry both. A traditional dry cargo ship is the multi-deck vessel. Her holds are divided horizontally by one or two 'tween decks，because these make stowage of individual packages easier. Dry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriers. These do not have 'tween decks as cargo is carried loose. The most modern type of dry cargo carrier is the container ship. They carry containers of standard dimensions，consequently stowage is easier. Fruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in refrigerated ships. Oil tankers are the most common type of liquid cargo carrier. They are often very large，because huge quantities of oil need to be transported and one large vessel is more economical to operate than two smaller ones. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are the liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier and the chemical carrier，although chemical can also be carried in drums in general cargo ships.009.There are ________ types of liquid bulk carrier.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5010.A multi-deck vessel has ________ tween decks.A. has manyB. noC. only oneD. has up to two011.Fruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in________.A. containers carriersB. traditional shipsC. OBO shipsD. refrigerated ships012.The types of dry cargo carriers mentioned in the passage are ________.A. tween deckers，OBO shipsB. traditional dry cargo ship and multi-deck vesselC. OBO ships，oil tankers，chemical tankers and LNG carriersD. dry cargo ship，dry bulk cargo carrier，container carriers and refrigerated shipsPassage 04The axial thrust of the propeller is the force working in a fore and aft direction. This force causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern. Because of her shape，a ship will move ahead through the water more easily than going astern.The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotates. The transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract the opposite effect of the lowerblades. For right-handed propellers this cants the ship's stern to starboard and her bow to port，when the ship is going ahead. The effect is small and can be corrected by the rudder. When the engines are put astern，the effect is the opposite and the stern cants to port. This effect is stronger and cannot easily be corrected. Vessels with left-handed propellers behave in the opposite way.013.The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern is known as________.A. axial thrustB. transverse thrustC. the transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the waterD. the transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the water014.A left-handed propellers，when the ship is going ahead，will cant ship's stern to________.A. starboardB. portC. to move aheadD. move astern015.The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is________.A. going a sternB. going aheadC. stoppedD. making no way through the water016.The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by ________.A. the rudderB. the propeller itselfC. the nautical instrumentD. wind and tidePassage 05The Chief Officer，or First Mate as he is often called，is the Master's chief officer and head of the Deck Department. He is assisted by a Second Officer (Mate)，a Third Officer(Mate)，and sometimes a Fourth Officer(Mate). Several companies employ a First Officer as well as a Chief Officer. The Deck Department also includes a Boatswain (Bosun) and a Carpenter，both petty officers，and a number of ratings. These made up of Able Seamen (AB)，Ordinary Seamen (OS) and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hands (EDH). There are other grades of seamen. On some ships Navigating Cadets are carried for training purposes.The Chief Engineer is head of the Engine Department. He is assisted by a Second，Third，Fourth and sometimes Fifth Engineer. An Electrical Officer may also be carried. The engine room petty officers are the Storekeeper and Donkeyman. On tankers there is also a Pumpman. He is also a petty officer. The engine room ratings are Firemen and Greasers. There may also be Engineer Cadets.The Catering Department is under the Chief Steward. It is divided into a saloon and galley section. The former is headed by the Second Steward，the latter by the Ship's Cook. They are both usually petty officers. They are assisted by several stewards and cooks，and by a number of junior ratings.The Radio Department often consists of only one man: the Radio Officer. On ships where continuous radio watches are kept there may be three radio officers: a Chief，Second and Third.017.________ is not a petty officer.A. BoatswainB. Second StewardC. Radio Officer.D. Storekeeper018.EDH is rank which is higher than________.A. Second StewardB. ABC. OSD. Chief Engineer019.Storekeeper belong to ________.A. Deck DeptB. Engine DeptC. Catering DeptD. Radio Dept020.There are ________ departments on bard a big ship according to the passage.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. fivePassage 06While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariners service is accurate，the user needs to be aware of the risks to corruption of data. It is important that the user should only use the data on suitable equipment and that，other applications should not be running on the user's machine at the same time. Users should exercise their professional judgement in the use of data，and also consult the Mariners Handbook (NP100) for further details. The user needs to be aware that there is a possibility that data could be corrupted during transmission，or in the process of display or printing on the user's equipment，or if converted to other software formats，and is accordingly advised that the UKHO cannot accept responsibility for any such change，or any modifications or unauthorised changes，made by licensees，or other parties.021.The data may become corrupted in any of the following process except _______.A. during transmissionB. in the display or printing on the user's equipmentC. in converting to other software formatsD. in air mail delivery to the readers022.The use of the data is advised to consult _______ for further details.A. Mariners HandbookB. Sailing DirectionsC. Guide to Port EntryD. Notices to Mariners023.Of the following items _______ is not mentioned for which UKHO will accept no responsibility.A. change in the process of display or printingB. unauthorised changes made by licensees or other partiesC. modifications made by licensees or other partiesD. professional amendments024.It is implied that _______.A. the data are incorrectB. the data are to be corrected intensivelyC. although the data are accurate enough，you are still advised to use it with cautionD. not to use it if you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessary correctionPassage 07The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling and quicker turnover of cargoes. Cargoes to be carried by this type of ship are pre-packed into containers before being loaded aboard the ship.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. Made of metal or other durable materials，they are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carried. One of the features of container ships is that some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circles，and the trend is that the tonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future.025.What does "innovation" in the first paragraph mean? ________.A. making changesB. the introduction of an antigenic substance into the body against a specific diseaseC. The act of introducing something new.D. revolution026.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.A. filledB. loadedC. stuffedD. closed officially or under the supervision of notary public027.Of the following，________ is not the feature of the container ship?A. Some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.B. It is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargoC. The container ship is becoming increasingly saferD. Cargoes are pre-packed into the container028.The tonnage of container ship is ________.A. decreasingB. increasingC. remaining the sameD. changingPassage 08Nautical charts are indispensable to mariners. They，however，are subject to frequent changes，such as those of navigational aids，of waterways due to the dredging and construction，of depths of water，and of removal or appearance of wrecks. In order to keep up-to-date and reliable，nautical charts have to undergo correction. Changes of importance are generally promulgated by weekly edition of Notices to Mariners，which enable mariners to correct the charts by hand. If major changes make it impracticable to do so，the Notices will provide a reproduction of a small area，which is also called block，to be pasted onto the chart in its correct position. 029.Nautical charts need correction because ________.A. navigational aids are sometimes indispensable.B. there are always some mistakesC. wrecks may appear or be removedD. they could never be reprinted030.Correction to charts are made by crew members in accordance with ________.A. Notices to MarinersB. Sailing DirectionsC. Guide to Port EntryD. Supplement031.In the passage，Blocks are ________.A. large scale chartsB. representations of chartsC. reproductions of portions of chartsD. small scale charts032.The purpose of correction to charts is to ________.A. keep them up-to-dateB. make the charts brand-newC. keep the charts available to all mariners in the worldD. keep the charts free from mistakesPassage 09Corrections to Sailing Directions are given in Section Ⅳ. Those in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners. A list of corrections in force is published in Section Ⅳ of the Weekly Edition for the last week of each month.It is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top. The list should be consulted when using the parent book to see if any corrections affecting the area under consideration arein force.It is not recommended that corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，but，if this is done，when a new supplement is received care must be taken to retain those corrections issued after the date of the new supplement，which may be several months before its receipt on board.033.________ are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners.A. The Sailing DirectionsB. The corrections to Sailing DirectionsC. The effective corrections to Notices to MarinersD. The Weekly Edition034.The parent book is ________.A. The Sailing DirectionB. The corrections to Sailing Directions in forceC. the Annual Summary of Notices to MarinersD. the Weekly Edition035.It is recommended that corrections to the Sailing Directions be ________.A. made by handB. consulted at the last week of each monthC. stuck in the parent book or current supplementD. kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top036.If the corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，________.A. when a new supplement is received，those corrections issued after the date of the new supplement must be retainedB. the parent book must be consultedC. the current supplement must be consultedD. the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners must be usedPassage 10The amount of detail shown on a chart varies with the scale of the chart. On a large scale chart，for example，full details of all lights and fog signals are shown，but on smaller scales the order of reduction of information in elevation，period，range，until on an ocean chart of the area only lights with a range of 15 miles or more will normally be inserted，and then only their light-star and magenta flare. On the other hand，radio beacons are omitted from large scale charts where their use would be inappropriate，and，unless they are long range beacons，from ocean charts.037.Ocean charts are ________ ones.A. large scaleB. small scaleC. inappropriateD. omitted038.What cannot be found in the large scale charts? ________.A. Radio beacons of small rangeB. Full details of all lights.C. ElevationsD. Full details of fog signals039.The light-star and magenta flare are shown on ________.A. large scale charts onlyB. small scale charts onlyC. both small and large scale chartsD. neither small nor large scale charts040.The title of this passage should be ________.A. Lights and Beacons on ChartsB. Characteristic of Lights and BeaconsC. Corrections to Small and Large Scale chartsD. Navigational Charts PublicationPassage 11DALIAN OBSY GALE WARNING 190600ZCOLD FRONT WILL PASS BOHAI SEA BOHAI STRAITS NORTH AND CENTRAL HUANGHAI SEA CAUSING GALE WINDS TOMORROW AFTERNOON AND EVENING STOP.SYNOPTIC SITUATION 190600ZLOW 994 HPA AT 48N 118E MOVING SE 8 KTS WITH COLD FRONT FROM CENTER PASSISNG 44N 128E HIGH 1013HPA AT 38N 124E STATIONARY STOP24HOURS WEATHER FORECAST FROM 191000ZBOHAI SEA BOHAI STRAITS NORTH AND CENTRAL HUANGHAI SEA PARL Y CLOUDY BECOMING OVERCAST TOMORROW WITH RAIN SW WINDS FORCE 7 TO 8 TOMORROW A TERNOON AND EVENING SEA ROUGH BECOMING VERY ROUGH STOP.041.The COLD FRONT will pass Bohai Sea，Bohai Straits，North and central Huanghai Sea onA. The 20thB. The 19thC. The 18thD. The 6th042.________ is stationary at 38N 124E.A. Low 994 HpaB. High 1013 HpaC. Cold frontD. Warm front043.The winds are expected tomorrow to be_______?A. roughB. very roughC. SE 8 knotsD. SW 7-8 in force044.What is the weather like tomorrow in this area? _______.A. It will be partly cloudy becoming overcast with rain and SW force 7-8 windsB. LOW 994 HPA at 48N 118E is moving SE 8 KTS with COLD FRONT from center passing 44N 128EC. HIGH 1013HPA at 38N 124E will be stationaryD. It will rain the whole dayPassage 12In some parts of a chart where the spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kind，there may be Cautions，Warnings，Notes，etc.，which should be taken into account while using a chart. All of those Cautionary Notes give the mariner facilities to ensure safe navigation，such as to avoid running aground in shallow waters and making damages to nearby fishing gears，and to keep off any hazards in areas where submarine frequently exercises. Furthermore，they are of good help to mariners，as to the reliability of the navigational aids especially in congested waters or narrow channels，to prevent any possible accidents.045.What is the main topic of this passage? ________.A. Regulations of the harborB. Details in the Sailing DirectionsC. Rules of the terminalD. Description on Admiralty Charts046.According to the passage，you must pay attention to ________ while using a chart.A. Cautions，Warnings and NotesB. Reports，Symbols and ChartsC. Explanations，accounts and answersD. Damages，hazards and injuries047.Cautionary Notes are helpful for mariners ________.A. to run aground in shallow watersB. to make damages to nearby fishing gearsC. to keep off hazards in areas where submarine exercisesD. to keep the reliability of the aids to navigation in congested waters or narrow channels048.Cautions，Warnings，Notes，etc. are likely inserted in some parts of a chart where ________.A. submarine frequently exercisesB. there are fishing gearsC. the waters is congested and the channels are narrowD. the spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kindPassage 13Logbooks required by law，to be filled out by masters or officers on duty of every ship，the forms of which must be proved by the shipping companies or marine authorities.Logbooks are used to record the events occurring during the ship's stay in a harbor，at anchorage，or underway，and they are also requested to produce evidences in case officials inquire about accidents.On completion of the voyage the logbook must be submitted to the superintendent of the owner or the marine authorities for justification，checking or approval. Therefore，everything recorded in the logbook must be true and accurate.When a misentry has been made in the log，a red line would be drawn on those parts. The correct entry with signature should be made near or above them. No erasures or cuts are to be allowed.049.The best title for the passage is " ________ "A. The forms of logbooksB. The use of logbooksC. Characteristics of logbooksD. How to check logbooks050.When a misentry has been made in the log，________.A. erasures or cuts are to be allowed.B. it is to be corrected out by masters or officers on duty of every shipC. it is to be produced in case officials inquire about accidents.D. a red line would be drawn on those parts，with correct entry with signature being made near or above them. 051.The forms of logbooks must be proved by ________.A. officials who inquire about accidents.B. the shipping companies or marine authorities.C. masters or officers on duty.D. the superintendent of the owner.052.The logbook must be submitted ________ to the superintendent of the owner or the marine authorities for justification，checking or approval.A. on completion of the voyageB. in a harborC. at anchorageD. underwayPassage 14For navigation，radar is of incredible value. It provides the navigator with his position，his distance from ships or obstructions nearby and other accurate information to prevent collision and ensure the safety of the ship. Radar can display all objects within its working range clearly，either in clear weather or in thick fog. In addition，if the radar information is correctly interpreted，the navigator can easily work out the speed and direction of an approaching object and take proper measures to keep his ship from any danger.Shore-based radar also plays an important role in shipping. If ship's radar is in trouble，the radar observer at the stations will use VHF radio to alert them to other traffic in the vicinity as well as to advise their position. Up to now，many radar surveillance systems have been installed in most large seaports. They are intended to smooth and control the flow of traffic to and from the harbor.053.For navigation，the radar is ________.A. of no valueB. very importantC. so expensive that people don't know how much it isD. valueless054.Which of the following statements about radar's function for marine purposes is incorrect? ________.A. It provides the navigator the ship's positionB. It provides information to protect ships from collisionC. It displays all the objects at sea clearlyD. It displays the observer's distance from ships and obstructions nearby055.If the ship's radar is in trouble，the shore-based radar ________.A. may provide the ship of her positionB. should be installed with surveillance systemsC. shall advise the ship to use VHFD. will be put into use immediately056.Radar surveillance systems ________.A. may provide all ships of their technical conditionsB. should be installed with VHFC. shall be correctly interpreted，D. are intended to smooth and control the flow of traffic to and from the harbor.Passage 15Communications over relatively short distances can be made by visual or sound signals. Visual signals can be sent by using flags or an Aldis lamp. An Aldis lamp is an electric lamp used for flashing messages in Morse code. The traditional method of signaling from one ship to another is by using flags. There are different colored flags for each letter of the alphabet. There are also pennant-shaped flags for numbers，and a long pennant，known as an answering or code pennant. Three other flags，which are burgee-shaped，are known as substitutes. These show that the flat or pennant is being repeated. Besides standing for a letter of the alphabet，each flag，when hoisted along，has another meaning. For example，the "W" flag also means: "I require medical assistance". Flags can also be hoisted in combinations of two，three or four. Siren，whistle，bell or other sound signals can be used in fog and similar circumstances when visual signals can not be seen.munications over relatively short distances may be made by ________.A. visual signalsB. sound signalsC. Morse CodeD. Either visual or sound signals058.An Aldis lamp is used for ________.A. transmitting Morse codeB. flashing flagsC. sending flag signalsD. sending sound signals059.Burgee-shaped flags are used as substitutes to show ________.A. "repeating"B. "answering"C. "code" pennantD. "I requiring medical assistance"060.________ are used in fog and similar circumstances when visual signals can not be seen.A. Visual signalsB. SubstitutesC. Pennant-shaped flagsD. The ship's siren，whistle or bellPassage 16When the senders of goods have large shipment to make，and especially when bulk cargo is concerned，it is advisable that they have some ships at their disposal. Some of the big companies set up a fleet of their own，but the rest may find it more profitable to hire instead of building or buying ships. This is called "chartering". The chartering of the ship is usually done through the intermediary of brokers，who，when hired，will go through all the necessary formalities on behalf of the charterer. In London there is a special center "the Baltic Exchange"，where the brokers operate in much the same way as stock and share brokers on a stock exchange. But it is easy for home shippers to hire Chinese or foreign ships through China National Chartering Corporation，which takes care of chartering business on orders from various import and export corporations.061.When large shipment is concerned，________ is not the way for the sender to have ships at their disposal.A. to charter shipsB. to build shipsC. to buy shipsD. to scrape ships062.In chartering all the necessary formalities are performed through ________.A. the intermediary of agentsB. the intermediary of brokersC. the charterersD. the "Baltic Exchange"063.The function of "the Baltic Exchange" is ________.A. to deal with stocksB. to exchange cargoesC. to operate on sharesD. to charter ships064.China National Chartering Corporation takes care of chartering business for home shippers. "To take care of " means ________.A. to pay attention toB. to be concerned withC. to be liable forD. to take charge ofPassage 17A tropical storm is not so extensive as the depression of higher latitudes but，within 75 miles or so of the center，the wind is often far more violent，and the high and confused seas near the center may cause considerable damage to large and well-found ships，while small vessels (for example，destroyers) have foundered. The danger is still greater when ships are caught in restricted waters without adequate room to maneuver. Within 5 to 10 miles of the center the wind is light or moderate and variable，the sky is clear or partially so，and there is a heavy，sometimes mountainous，confused swell. This area is known as the "eye" of the storm. After passing through the relatively windless center of the storm the wind will suddenly，and with great violence，commence to blow from a direction opposite to that experienced on the other side of the windless center. Due to torrential rain visibility near the storm center is almost nil.065.Within ________ of a tropical storm center，the wind is violent.A. no more than 75 milesB. not more than 75 milesC. 75 miles or a greater distanceD. about 75 miles066.Among the following，________ one may not be found in the "eye" of the storm?。

航海英语阅读理解短文01商船被设计用来携带货物。

有些还设计载客。

它们可作为定线制。

这些都是被雇用在定期航线上以一个固定的时间表。

他们的到达和离开的日期会提前公布，他们是否满载。

这些航路可以被归类为任何深海航线或短的海上运输。

前者主要是进行跨世界海洋集装箱货物;后来进行短航线集装箱或传统的货物。

渡轮也被它的线路所分类。

他们每天或每周为乘客和车辆提供穿越海峡或近海服务。

一些船只仍在受聘为客轮。

他们不仅接载乘客，但也有一些从欧洲到北美和远东航线的货物。

如今，乘客贸易非常小，通常作为客轮邮轮经营年度的一部分。

001.深海轮船__a______。

答：主要是集装箱货物进行002.定线制______b__。

答：总是定期航行，甚至经常不是满载003_____d___到达和离开日期在什么时间被列出。

是在出发前发表004.It是暗示在文章中________。

A的客船数量少短文02目前，大多数商船建造为了运输货物。

他们主要是经营的是不定期的操作航行。

这些船不会定期在一航线上航行或保持一个固定的时间表，但是他们被雇佣在有货物需要承运的地方。

这种不定期的营运可被归类为深海或短的海上营运。

一个部分被归类为沿海商船。

这些航线和沿海向内陆港口，河流铺设。

传统的不定期货物是干散货，但有些是为了进行普通货物。

大量商船作为专业化船舶。

这些都是旨在进行特定类型的货物。

有专门的船只几种类型。

最常见的是油轮。

他们被拥有的大型石油企业或独立经营者所雇用。

两个日益重要的液体散货船其他类型的化学品船和液化天然气（LNG）的载体。

005.The深海不定期营运是________。

答：a承运散货和一般货物在公海006.The沿海商船________。

d航行沿海航线和内陆港口，河流007.The重要性液化天然气运输船________。

答：a越来越多（日益发展壮大）008.It是隐含在文章中________。

答：a专门的船只数目不小短文03货船可分为两个基本类型。

通道01商船被设计用来携带货物。

有些还设计载客。

它们可作为班轮。

这些都是雇用定期航线上一个固定的时间表。

他们的到达和离开的日期提前公布的名单，无论是否装满。

班轮可以被分类为远洋班轮或近岸班轮。

前者主要是进行跨世界海洋集装箱货物;后者进行短航线集装箱或传统的货物。

渡轮也列为班轮。

通常为乘客和车辆每日或每周通过海峡或峡水道服务。

一些船只仍在受聘为客轮。

他们不仅接载乘客，而且还携带有一些从欧洲到北美和远东航线的货物。

如今，乘客贸易非常小，通常作为客轮邮轮经营年度的一部分。

001.The远洋轮船_A_____。

答：A主要是集装箱货物进行b.进的货物主要是传统的三为旅客提供和车辆每天或每周服务四横渡渠道和窄的海洋。

002.The班轮______B__。

答：B总是定期航行，即使没有满员三压载航行四始终不会帆如果不充分003.A列出的班轮_____D__到达和离开日期。

a.将每周出版B.将公布航行时，不论全职或不从欧洲，北美和远东三将不会被发表，他们也满载航行四是在出发前发表004.It是隐含在文章中_____A___。

A的客船数量少B.所有客船将在不久的将来进行一些货物三是没有必要的定期班轮航行时间四货柜航商应进行一些乘客通道02目前，大多数商船的建造是携带货物。

他们主要经营的是不定线货船。

这些船不会在定期航线上航行或保持一个固定的时间表，他们那里有货那里去装。

货船可被分为远洋货轮或近海货轮。

不少的船是沿岸航行的。

他们从事近岸航线和内陆河运的港口。

传统的货船的货物是干散货，但有些是设计为装杂货。

大量的商船是专业化船舶。

这些都是被设计去携带特定类型的货物。

特种船只有几种类型。

最常见的是油轮。

他们是由大型石油企业或独立经营者拥有。

两个其他类型日益重要的液体散货船是化学品船和液化天然气（LNG）船。

005.The远洋不定线货轮____A____。

答：A携带散货和杂货在公海二是建立载客三是主要杯垫四是专门船只006.The沿岸航行船____D____。

Passage 01Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. Some are also designed to carry passengers. They can operate as liners. These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or not. Liners can be classed as either deep-sea liners or short-sea liners. The former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the world; the later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routes. Ferries are also classed as liners. These offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles across channels and narrow seas. A few ships are still employed as passenger liners. They not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far East. Nowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually operate as cruise ships for part of the year.1.The deep-sea liners ________.A. carry mainly containerized cargoB. carry mainly conventional cargoC. offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehiclesD. sail across channels and narrow seas.2.The Liners ________.A. always sail fullB. sail regularly even not fullC. always sail in ballastD. will not sail if not full3.A list of the arrival and departure dates of liners ________.A. will be published weeklyB. will be published when they sail，whether full or not，from Europe to North America and to the Far EastC. will not be published even they sail fully loadedD. is published prior to their departure4.It is implied in the passage that ________.A. the number of passenger ships is smallB. all passenger ships will carry some cargo in near futureC. it is not necessary for liners to sail in regular timeD. container carriers should carry some passengersPassage 02Nowadays，most merchant ships are built to carry cargoes. And they mainly operate as tramps. These vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetable，but are employed where there is cargo for them to carry. Tramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea tramps.A number are classed as coasters. These ply on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports. The traditional tramp cargoes are dry bulk cargoes，but some are designed to carry general cargoes.A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels. These are designed to carry a particular type of cargo. There are several types of specialized vessel. The most common are oil tankers. They are owned by the major oil companies or by independent operators. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are chemical carriers and liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers.1.The deep-sea tramps ________.A. carry bulk and general cargo across the high seasC. are mainly coastersD. are specialized vessel2.The coasters ________.A. always sail across the high seasB. commonly carry oil cargoC. are mainly tankersD. sail on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports3.The importance of LNG carriers ________.A. is growingB. is not mentioned in passageC. is decreasingD. will be discussed further if necessary4.It is implied in the passage that ________.A. the number of specialized vessels is not smallB. all oil tankers will carry some chemicals in near futureC. the tramps and specialized vessels are the basic type of merchant ships.D. container carriers should not be classed as trampsPassage 03Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types. One type carries dry cargo，the other carries liquid cargo; however，an OBO ship is designed to carry both. A traditional dry cargo ship is the multi-deck vessel. Her holds are divided horizontally by one or two 'tween decks，because these make stowage of individual packages easier. Dry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriers. These do not have 'tween decks as cargo is carried loose. The most modern type of dry cargo carrier is the container ship. They carry containers of standard dimensions，consequently stowage is easier. Fruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in refrigerated ships. Oil tankers are the most common type of liquid cargo carrier. They are often very large，because huge quantities of oil need to be transported and one large vessel is more economical to operate than two smaller ones. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are the liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier and the chemical carrier，although chemical can also be carried in drums in general cargo ships.1.There are ________ types of liquid bulk carrier.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 52.A multi-deck vessel has ________ tween decks.A. has manyB. noC. only oneD. has up to two3.Fruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in________.A. containers carriersB. traditional shipsC. OBO shipsD. refrigerated ships4.The types of dry cargo carriers mentioned in the passage are ________.A. tween deckers，OBO shipsB. traditional dry cargo ship and multi-deck vesselC. OBO ships，oil tankers，chemical tankers and LNG carriersD. dry cargo ship，dry bulk cargo carrier，container carriers and refrigerated shipsPassage 04The axial thrust of the propeller is the force working in a fore and aft direction. This force causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern. Because of her shape，a ship will move ahead through the water more easily than going astern.The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotates. The transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract the opposite effect of the lower blades. For right-handed propellers this cants the ship's stern to starboard and her bow to port，when the ship is going ahead. The effect is small and can be corrected by the rudder. When the engines are put astern，the effect is the opposite and the stern cants to port. This effect is stronger and cannot easily be corrected. Vessels with left-handed propellers behave in the opposite way.1.The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern is known as________.A. axial thrustB. transverse thrustC. the transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the waterD. the transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the water2.A left-handed propellers，when the ship is going ahead，will cant ship's stern to________.A. starboardB. portC. to move aheadD. move astern3.The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is________.A. going a sternB. going aheadC. stoppedD. making no way through the water4.The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by ________.A. the rudderB. the propeller itselfC. the nautical instrumentD. wind and tidePassage 05The Chief Officer，or First Mate as he is often called，is the Master's chief officer and head of the Deck Department. He is assisted by a Second Officer (Mate)，a Third Officer(Mate)，and sometimes a Fourth Officer(Mate). Several companies employ a First Officer as well as a Chief Officer. The Deck Department also includes a Boatswain (Bosun) and a Carpenter，both petty officers，and a number of ratings. These made up of Able Seamen (AB)，Ordinary Seamen (OS) and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hands (EDH). There are other grades of seamen. On some ships Navigating Cadets are carried for training purposes.The Chief Engineer is head of the Engine Department. He is assisted by a Second，Third，Fourth and sometimes Fifth Engineer. An Electrical Officer may also be carried. The engine room petty officers are the Storekeeper and Donkeyman. On tankers there is also a Pumpman. He is also a petty officer. The engine room ratings are Firemen and Greasers. There may also be Engineer Cadets.The Catering Department is under the Chief Steward. It is divided into a saloon and galley section. The former is headed by the Second Steward，the latter by the Ship's Cook. They are both usually petty officers. They are assisted by several stewards and cooks，and by a number of juniorThe Radio Department often consists of only one man: the Radio Officer. On ships where continuous radio watches are kept there may be three radio officers: a Chief，Second and Third.1.________ is not a petty officer.A. BoatswainB. Second StewardC. Radio Officer.D. Storekeeper2.EDH is rank which is higher than________.A. Second StewardB. ABC. OSD. Chief Engineer3.Storekeeper belong to ________.A. Deck DeptB. Engine DeptC. Catering DeptD. Radio Dept4.There are ________ departments on bard a big ship according to the passage.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. fivePassage 06While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariners service is accurate，the user needs to be aware of the risks to corruption of data. It is important that the user should only use the data on suitable equipment and that，other applications should not be running on the user's machine at the same time. Users should exercise their professional judgement in the use of data，and also consult the Mariners Handbook (NP100) for further details. The user needs to be aware that there is a possibility that data could be corrupted during transmission，or in the process of display or printing on the user's equipment，or if converted to other software formats，and is accordingly advised that the UKHO cannot accept responsibility for any such change，or any modifications or unauthorised changes，made by licensees，or other parties.1.The data may become corrupted in any of the following process except _______.A. during transmissionB. in the display or printing on the user's equipmentC. in converting to other software formatsD. in air mail delivery to the readers2.The use of the data is advised to consult _______ for further details.A. Mariners HandbookB. Sailing DirectionsC. Guide to Port EntryD. Notices to Mariners3.Of the following items _______ is not mentioned for which UKHO will accept no responsibility.A. change in the process of display or printingB. unauthorised changes made by licensees or other partiesC. modifications made by licensees or other partiesD. professional amendments4.It is implied that _______.A. the data are incorrectB. the data are to be corrected intensivelyC. although the data are accurate enough，you are still advised to use it with cautionD. not to use it if you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessary correctionThe container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling and quicker turnover of cargoes. Cargoes to be carried by this type of ship are pre-packed into containers before being loaded aboard the ship.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. Made of metal or other durable materials，they are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carried. One of the features of container ships is that some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circles，and the trend is that the tonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future.1.What does "innovation" in the first paragraph mean? ________.A. making changesB. the introduction of an antigenic substance into the body against a specific diseaseC. The act of introducing something new.D. revolution2.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.A. filledB. loadedC. stuffedD. closed officially or under the supervision of notary public3.Of the following，________ is not the feature of the container ship?A. Some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.B. It is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargoC. The container ship is becoming increasingly saferD. Cargoes are pre-packed into the container4.The tonnage of container ship is ________.A. decreasingB. increasingC. remaining the sameD. changingPassage 08Nautical charts are indispensable to mariners. They，however，are subject to frequent changes，such as those of navigational aids，of waterways due to the dredging and construction，of depths of water，and of removal or appearance of wrecks. In order to keep up-to-date and reliable，nautical charts have to undergo correction. Changes of importance are generally promulgated by weekly edition of Notices to Mariners，which enable mariners to correct the charts by hand. If major changes make it impracticable to do so，the Notices will provide a reproduction ofa small area，which is also called block，to be pasted onto the chart in its correct position.1.Nautical charts need correction because ________.A. navigational aids are sometimes indispensable.B. there are always some mistakesC. wrecks may appear or be removedD. they could never be reprinted2.Correction to charts are made by crew members in accordance with ________.A. Notices to MarinersB. Sailing DirectionsC. Guide to Port EntryD. Supplement3.In the passage，Blocks are ________.B. representations of chartsC. reproductions of portions of chartsD. small scale charts4.The purpose of correction to charts is to ________.A. keep them up-to-dateB. make the charts brand-newC. keep the charts available to all mariners in the worldD. keep the charts free from mistakesPassage 09Corrections to Sailing Directions are given in Section Ⅳ. Those in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners. A list of corrections in force is published in Section Ⅳ of the Weekly Edition for the last week of each month.It is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top. The list should be consulted when using the parent book to see if any corrections affecting the area under consideration are in force.It is not recommended that corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，but，if this is done，when a new supplement is received care must be taken to retain those corrections issued after the date of the new supplement，which may be several months before its receipt on board.1.________ are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners.A. The Sailing DirectionsB. The corrections to Sailing DirectionsC. The effective corrections to Notices to MarinersD. The Weekly Edition2.The parent book is ________.A. The Sailing DirectionB. The corrections to Sailing Directions in forceC. the Annual Summary of Notices to MarinersD. the Weekly Edition3.It is recommended that corrections to the Sailing Directions be ________.A. made by handB. consulted at the last week of each monthC. stuck in the parent book or current supplementD. kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top4.If the corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，________.A. when a new supplement is received，those corrections issued after the date of the new supplement must be retainedB. the parent book must be consultedC. the current supplement must be consultedD. the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners must be usedPassage 10The amount of detail shown on a chart varies with the scale of the chart. On a large scale chart，for example，full details of all lights and fog signals are shown，but on smaller scales thearea only lights with a range of 15 miles or more will normally be inserted，and then only their light-star and magenta flare. On the other hand，radio beacons are omitted from large scale charts where their use would be inappropriate，and，unless they are long range beacons，from ocean charts.1.Ocean charts are ________ ones.A. large scaleB. small scaleC. inappropriateD. omitted2.What cannot be found in the large scale charts? ________.A. Radio beacons of small rangeB. Full details of all lights.C. ElevationsD. Full details of fog signals3.The light-star and magenta flare are shown on ________.A. large scale charts onlyB. small scale charts onlyC. both small and large scale chartsD. neither small nor large scale charts4.The title of this passage should be ________.A. Lights and Beacons on ChartsB. Characteristic of Lights and BeaconsC. Corrections to Small and Large Scale chartsD. Navigational Charts PublicationPassage 11DALIAN OBSY GALE WARNING 190600ZCOLD FRONT WILL PASS BOHAI SEA BOHAI STRAITS NORTH AND CENTRAL HUANGHAI SEA CAUSING GALE WINDS TOMORROW AFTERNOON AND EVENING STOP.SYNOPTIC SITUATION 190600ZLOW 994 HPA AT 48N 118E MOVING SE 8 KTS WITH COLD FRONT FROM CENTER PASSISNG 44N 128E HIGH 1013HPA AT 38N 124E STATIONARY STOP24HOURS WEATHER FORECAST FROM 191000ZBOHAI SEA BOHAI STRAITS NORTH AND CENTRAL HUANGHAI SEA PARLY CLOUDY BECOMING OVERCAST TOMORROW WITH RAIN SW WINDS FORCE 7 TO 8 TOMORROW ATERNOON AND EVENING SEA ROUGH BECOMING VERY ROUGH STOP.1.The COLD FRONT will pass Bohai Sea，Bohai Straits，North and central Huanghai Sea onA. The 20thB. The 19thC. The 18thD. The 6th2.________ is stationary at 38N 124E.A. Low 994 HpaB. High 1013 HpaC. Cold frontD. Warm front3.The winds are expected tomorrow to be_______?A. roughB. very roughC. SE 8 knotsD. SW 7-8 in force4.What is the weather like tomorrow in this area? _______.A. It will be partly cloudy becoming overcast with rain and SW force 7-8 windsB. LOW 994 HPA at 48N 118E is moving SE 8 KTS with COLD FRONT from center passing 44N 128EC. HIGH 1013HPA at 38N 124E will be stationaryPassage 12In some parts of a chart where the spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kind，there may be Cautions，Warnings，Notes，etc.，which should be taken into account while using a chart. All of those Cautionary Notes give the mariner facilities to ensure safe navigation，such as to avoid running aground in shallow waters and making damages to nearby fishing gears，and to keep off any hazards in areas where submarine frequently exercises. Furthermore，they are of good help to mariners，as to the reliability of the navigational aids especially in congested waters or narrow channels，to prevent any possible accidents.1.What is the main topic of this passage? ________.A. Regulations of the harborB. Details in the Sailing DirectionsC. Rules of the terminalD. Description on Admiralty Charts2.According to the passage，you must pay attention to ________ while using a chart.A. Cautions，Warnings and NotesB. Reports，Symbols and ChartsC. Explanations，accounts and answersD. Damages，hazards and injuries3.Cautionary Notes are helpful for mariners ________.A. to run aground in shallow watersB. to make damages to nearby fishing gearsC. to keep off hazards in areas where submarine exercisesD. to keep the reliability of the aids to navigation in congested waters or narrow channels4.Cautions，Warnings，Notes，etc. are likely inserted in some parts of a chart where ________.A. submarine frequently exercisesB. there are fishing gearsC. the waters is congested and the channels are narrowD. the spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kindPassage 13Logbooks required by law，to be filled out by masters or officers on duty of every ship，the forms of which must be proved by the shipping companies or marine authorities.Logbooks are used to record the events occurring during the ship's stay in a harbor，at anchorage，or underway，and they are also requested to produce evidences in case officials inquire about accidents.On completion of the voyage the logbook must be submitted to the superintendent of the owner or the marine authorities for justification，checking or approval. Therefore，everything recorded in the logbook must be true and accurate.When a misentry has been made in the log，a red line would be drawn on those parts. The correct entry with signature should be made near or above them. No erasures or cuts are to be allowed.1.The best title for the passage is " ________ "A. The forms of logbooksB. The use of logbooksC. Characteristics of logbooksD. How to check logbooks2.When a misentry has been made in the log，________.B. it is to be corrected out by masters or officers on duty of every shipC. it is to be produced in case officials inquire about accidents.D. a red line would be drawn on those parts，with correct entry with signature being made near or above them.3.The forms of logbooks must be proved by ________.A. officials who inquire about accidents.B. the shipping companies or marine authorities.C. masters or officers on duty.D. the superintendent of the owner.4.The logbook must be submitted ________ to the superintendent of the owner or the marine authorities for justification，checking or approval.A. on completion of the voyageB. in a harborC. at anchorageD. underwayPassage 14For navigation，radar is of incredible value. It provides the navigator with his position，his distance from ships or obstructions nearby and other accurate information to prevent collision and ensure the safety of the ship. Radar can display all objects within its working range clearly，either in clear weather or in thick fog. In addition，if the radar information is correctly interpreted，the navigator can easily work out the speed and direction of an approaching object and take proper measures to keep his ship from any danger.Shore-based radar also plays an important role in shipping. If ship's radar is in trouble，the radar observer at the stations will use VHF radio to alert them to other traffic in the vicinity as well as to advise their position. Up to now，many radar surveillance systems have been installed in most large seaports. They are intended to smooth and control the flow of traffic to and from the harbor.1.For navigation，the radar is ________.A. of no valueB. very importantC. so expensive that people don't know how much it isD. valueless2.Which of the following statements about radar's function for marine purposes is incorrect? ________.A. It provides the navigator the ship's positionB. It provides information to protect ships from collisionC. It displays all the objects at sea clearlyD. It displays the observer's distance from ships and obstructions nearby3.If the ship's radar is in trouble，the shore-based radar ________.A. may provide the ship of her positionB. should be installed with surveillance systemsC. shall advise the ship to use VHFD. will be put into use immediately4.Radar surveillance systems ________.A. may provide all ships of their technical conditionsB. should be installed with VHFD. are intended to smooth and control the flow of traffic to and from the harbor.Passage 15Communications over relatively short distances can be made by visual or sound signals. Visual signals can be sent by using flags or an Aldis lamp. An Aldis lamp is an electric lamp used for flashing messages in Morse code. The traditional method of signaling from one ship to another is by using flags. There are different colored flags for each letter of the alphabet. There are also pennant-shaped flags for numbers，and a long pennant，known as an answering or code pennant. Three other flags，which are burgee-shaped，are known as substitutes. These show that the flat or pennant is being repeated. Besides standing for a letter of the alphabet，each flag，when hoisted along，has another meaning. For example，the "W" flag also means: "I require medical assistance". Flags can also be hoisted in combinations of two，three or four. Siren，whistle，bell or other sound signals can be used in fog and similar circumstances when visual signals can not be seen.munications over relatively short distances may be made by ________.A. visual signalsB. sound signalsC. Morse CodeD. Either visual or sound signals2.An Aldis lamp is used for ________.A. transmitting Morse codeB. flashing flagsC. sending flag signalsD. sending sound signals3.Burgee-shaped flags are used as substitutes to show ________.A. "repeating"B. "answering"C. "code" pennantD. "I requiring medical assistance"4.________ are used in fog and similar circumstances when visual signals can not be seen.A. Visual signalsB. SubstitutesC. Pennant-shaped flagsD. The ship's siren，whistle or bellPassage 16When the senders of goods have large shipment to make，and especially when bulk cargo is concerned，it is advisable that they have some ships at their disposal. Some of the big companies set up a fleet of their own，but the rest may find it more profitable to hire instead of building or buying ships. This is called "chartering". The chartering of the ship is usually done through the intermediary of brokers，who，when hired，will go through all the necessary formalities on behalf of the charterer. In London there is a special center "the Baltic Exchange"，where the brokers operate in much the same way as stock and share brokers on a stock exchange. But it is easy for home shippers to hire Chinese or foreign ships through China National Chartering Corporation，which takes care of chartering business on orders from various import and export corporations.1.When large shipment is concerned，________ is not the way for the sender to have ships at their disposal.C. to buy shipsD. to scrape ships2.In chartering all the necessary formalities are performed through ________.A. the intermediary of agentsB. the intermediary of brokersC. the charterersD. the "Baltic Exchange"3.The function of "the Baltic Exchange" is ________.A. to deal with stocksB. to exchange cargoesC. to operate on sharesD. to charter ships4.China National Chartering Corporation takes care of chartering business for home shippers. "To take care of " means ________.A. to pay attention toB. to be concerned withC. to be liable forD. to take charge ofPassage 17A tropical storm is not so extensive as the depression of higher latitudes but，within 75 miles or so of the center，the wind is often far more violent，and the high and confused seas near the center may cause considerable damage to large and well-found ships，while small vessels (for example，destroyers) have foundered. The danger is still greater when ships are caught in restricted waters without adequate room to maneuver. Within 5 to 10 miles of the center the wind is light or moderate and variable，the sky is clear or partially so，and there is a heavy，sometimes mountainous，confused swell. This area is known as the "eye" of the storm. After passing through the relatively windless center of the storm the wind will suddenly，and with great violence，commence to blow from a direction opposite to that experienced on the other side of the windless center. Due to torrential rain visibility near the storm center is almost nil.1.Within ________ of a tropical storm center，the wind is violent.A. no more than 75 milesB. not more than 75 milesC. 75 miles or a greater distanceD. about 75 miles2.Among the following，________ one may not be found in the "eye" of the storm?A. The visibility is moderate or goodB. The wind is light or moderateC. The sky is clear or partly cloudyD. The swell is low or moderate.3.In the passage，"a well-found ship " means ________.A. a ship has been found in any placeB. a ship has been found in good visibilityC. a ship with all the necessary equipment properly maintainedD. a ship in huge size4.The visibility near tropical storm center is ________.A. Very poorB. PoorC. ModerateD. GoodPassage 18By turning the GAIN control clockwise，the gain of the receiver increases and the observing range of the target expands. Adjust this control so that the best pictures may be displayed on the screen，according to the range scale in use. In the short range，it is advisable to operate。

大副阅读练习原文1. The objective of lashing the coils is to form one large，immovable block of units in the hold by lashing them together．In general，strip coils in three end rows in the top tier should be lashed．To prevent fore-and-aft shifting in the top tier of bare-wound coils group-lashing should not be applied due to their fragile nature；the end row of a top tier should be secured by dunnage and wires，which are to be tightened from side to side，and by additional wires to the bulkhead．When coils are fully loaded over the entire bottom space and are well shored，no lashings are required except for locking coils．The lashings can be of a conventional type using wire steel band or any equivalent means．Conventional lashings should consist of wires having sufficient tensile strength．The first tier should be chocked．It should be possible to re-tighten the lashings during the voyage．Wire lashings should be protected against damage from sharp edges．If there are few coils，or a single coil only，they should be adequately secured to the ship，by placing them in cradles，by wedging，or by shoring and then lashing to prevent transverse and longitudinal movement．1The locking coil is ________．A．a coil secured by shoringsB．a coil placed in cradleC．a coil used to secure other coilsD．a coil secured by wedgingsC2The general objective of lashing coils is to prevent them from ________．A．transverse and longitudinal movementB．rolling in the holdC．vertical movementD．fore-and-aft shiftingA3When coils are fully loaded over tanktop and are well shored，________．A．three end rows in the top tier should be lashedB．no lashings are required except for locking coilsC．they should be secured to the ship by wedgingD．they should be placed in cradlesB4.If there is a single coil，its securing should be done by ________．A．placing it in cradle and then lashing itB．shoring it and then placing it in cradleC．placing it in cradle，wedging it，shoring it and lashing itD．lashing the three end rowsA2. As for sub-contracting and indemnity，the Repairer shall be entitled to sub-contract on any terms the whole or any part of the Works and any and all acts or things that are in the opinion of the Repairer necessary or desirable to carry out and complete the Works．The Customer undertakes that no claim or allegation shall be made against any person by whomsoever the Works is performed or undertaken（including all sub-contractors of the Repairer），other than the Repairer，which imposes or attempts to impose upon any such person any liability whatsoever in connection with the Works，whether or not arising out of negligence on the part of such person and，if any such claim or allegation should nevertheless be made，to indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereof．1.If a claim is made by the Customer against a sub-contractor，________．A．the sub-contractor shall indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereof B．the Customer shall indemnify the sub-contractor against all consequences thereof C．the sub-contractor shall indemnify the Customer against all consequences thereof D．the Customer shall indemnify the Repairer against all consequences thereofD2.According to this passage，________ is true．A．the Customer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against the Repairer B．the Repairer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against the Customer C．the Customer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against a sub-contractor D．the Repairer undertakes not to make claims or allegations against a sub-contractorC3.The Repairer is entitled to sub-contract to ________ on any terms all things that are in his opinion necessary to complete the Works．A．any personB．the CustomerC．a claimerD．an allegerA4.This passage is likely extracted from ________．A．a B/LB．GenconD．a Ship Repair ContractD3. Whilst proper care must be taken with the stowage of all iron and steel，cargoes of pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes are particularly difficult to secure effectively．In the upper tween decks of many two and three deck ships the absence of hatch coamings more than a few inches high adds to the difficulty of securing pig iron and billets carried abreast the hatchways and there appears to be a greater risk of cargo shifting in these spaces than in the lower holds．The most effective way to secure these cargoes is to level them and over stow them with other suitable cargo．The over stow should have sufficient rigidity or weight to act as a positive preventative to the movement of pig iron，steel billets，bars，etc．Large quantities of uncovered pig iron or billets should not be carried in the upper-tween decks with the intention of obtaining an unduly low metacentric height since this does not eliminate the risk of cargo shifting and may endanger the ship if it does shift．1.Where the pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes are stowed in ________ of a ship，their risk of shifting is the greatest．A．the upper tween deckB．the lower tween deckC．the lower holdD．in any tween deck without hatch coamingsA2.The most effective way to stow such cargoes as pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes is to _______．A．place them in the upper tween deckB．over stow them with sufficient rigidity or weight to act as a positive preventative to the movementC．lower the metacenter of the shipD．obtain an unduly low metacentric heightB2.It will endanger the ship if the pig iron，steel billets，round bars and pipes ________．A．have no risk of shiftingB．are over stowed with other cargoes of sufficient rigidity or weightC．are stowed in lower holdD．shiftD4.This passage is likely extracted from ________．B．GenconC．BaltimeD．a Ship Repair ContractC4. With one possible exception，activity in the Dover Strait during the closing hours of 5 May 1998 was normal．It was a dark clear night，the wind was west-south-west force 5to 6and traffic was moving easily both ways in the traffic separation scheme．As so often happens a“rogue”ship was heading north-east on the northern edge of the south-west bound lane．It was not identified．The only additional，but by no means unusual，activity that night was a cross channel survey by the 1，774gt survey vessel STM Atria．She was traversing the channel between a position off St Margaret's Bay and the Belgian coast．She was showing the lights of a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre，red white and red all round lights，and also displaying an orange flashing light．Regular traffic information about her activities was broadcast by the CNIS every hour．She was making GOOD between 4 and 5 knots．1.The traffic separation scheme ________ in the Dover Strait．A．was not establishedB．will be establishedC．was in operationD．was removedC2.STM Atria was ________．A．a“rogue”shipB．a survey vesselC．CNISD．Dover StraitB3.The speed of the survey vessel is between ________ knots．A．4 and 5B．5 and 6C．6 and 7D．7 and 8A4.The ship heading north-east ________．A．was in the wrong lane of the traffic separation schemeB．was carrying out survey operationsC．did not carry any cargo on boardD．was a pirate boatA5. The bulk carrier，long recognized as the workhorse of the world merchant fleet，has over the years had its design refined and optimized on the basis of previous successful experience．This provided what many considered to be a relatively uncomplicated and safe structural configuration．Recently，and regrettably with loss of human lives，a series of tragic ship losses has focused the attention of the marine industry and the public on the performance and inherent safety of this ship type．Extensive research and development，principally by the major classification societies，has highlighted the possible causes of the bulk carrier losses and brought about necessary changes to the design and scantlings for new ships．For existing ships，improvements to safety are anticipated throughthe reinforcement of the aft transverse watertight bulkhead，and the double bottom structure in way，of the foremost cargo hold，the introduction of a more rigorous survey regime and greater attention to operating procedures，particularly during cargo loading and discharge，in order to avoid over stressing of the structure or mechanical damage．1.In this paragraph，the term“workhorse”means ________．A．the ship that performs dependably in marine industriesB．a horse that is used for labor rather than for racing or ridingC．a person who works tirelessly，especially at difficult or time-consuming tasks D．something that performs dependably under heavy or prolonged useA2.The refined and optimized design of bulk carriers，considered by many people，________．A．is relatively uncomplicated and safe in their structural configurationB．is relatively complicated compared with previous structural configurationC．is relatively not safe on the basis of previous successful experienceD．will join world fleet recentlyA3.The ________ is not included in the anticipated improvements to safety for existing bulkships．A．introduction of a more rigorous survey regime and greater attention to operating proceduresB．introduction of necessary changes to the design and scantlings C．reinforcement of the aft transverse watertight bulkheadD．reinforcement of the double bottom structure in wayB4.It is implied that a series of tragic bulkship losses ________．A．will not be avoided even new design of their structure are introducedB．were contributed by the improvements to safety for existing shipsC．has little effect on the marine industry and the publicD．were caused by their inherent structuresD6. The ship loaded with general cargo had parcels of steel pipes of 13 inch diameter stowed 6 tiers high in the aft end of the tween decks．Two lengths of 2.25 inch steel wire were laid athwartships across the top of the third tier of pipes，taken back over the top of the sixth tier on completion of stowage and tightened by bottle scre ws secured to the ship's framing．In very heavy weather the steel pipes broke adrift and extensive damage resulted to framing，bulkheads，air and sounding pipes，etc．The wire lashings and bottle screws were completely destroyed．1.The diameter of the steel pipes is ________ inches．A．not mentionedB．13C．6D．2.25B2.The steel pipes were stowed in ________ ties．A．2B．3C．5D．6D3.The steel pipes did not cause damage to ________．A．framingB．bulkheadsC．air and sounding pipesD．the aft end of the tween decksD4.The steel pipes were lashed with ________ wires．A．2B．3C．4D．5A7Dangerous cargoes of Class 3are liquids，or mixtures of liquids，or liquids containing solids in solution or suspension（e．g．paints，varnishes，lacquers，etc．，but not including substances which，on account of their other dangerous characteristics，have been included in other classes）which give off a flammable vapour at or below 61℃（141℉）closed cup test（corresponding to 65．6℃（150℉）open cup test），normally referred to as the flashpoint．Class 3also includes substances transported or offered for transport at elevated temperatures in a liquid state which give off a flammable vapour at temperatures equal to or below the maximum transport temperature．However，the provisions of this Code need not apply to such liquids with a flashpoint of more than 35℃（95℉）which do not sustain combustion．Liquids offered for transport at temperatures equal to or above their flashpoint are，in any case，considered as flammable liquids．For the purpose of above subsection，liquids are not considered to sustain combustion if：*they have passed the suitable combustibility test（see United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous GOODs）；or*their fire point according to ISO 2592 is greater than 100℃；or*they are miscible solutions with a water content of more than 90%，by mass．1.According to this paragraph，flash point obtained from closed cup test is ________ then that obtained from open cup test．A．9℃lowerB．9℉higherC．4.6℃lowerD．4.6℉higherC2.Liquids are not considered to sustain combustion if ________．A．they have not passed the suitable combustibility testB．their fire point according to ISO 2592 is not greater than 100℃C．they are miscible solutions with a water content of not more than 90%，by mass D．their fire point according to ISO 2592 is greater than 100℃D3.Miscible solutions offered for transport at ambient temperature with a flashpoint of more than 35℃（95℉）and with a water content of more than 90，by mass，________．A．is not included in Class 3B．is not mentioned in this paragraphC．is included in Class 3D．will be considered to be included in other class of dangerous cargoesA4.The proper topic of this paragraph is ________．A．Non Dangerous LiquidsB．Most Liquids are not Included in Class 3C．Definition of Dangerous Cargoes of Class 3D．Liquids and Their Physical PropertiesC8. Modern bulk carriers are normally designed to carry a variety of cargoes in order to provide operational flexibility（操作灵活性）．For cargoes such as coal or grain the ship would have all holds filled with the cargo（homogeneous同类的相似的loading condition）and be down to maximum draught．If heavy cargoes，with a stowage rate of about one third of that for coal were to be carried in the homogeneous condition each hold would only be about one third full．In that condition the ship would have a large metacentric height and a low centre of gravity resulting in a very“stiff”ship．Modern bulk carriers，intended for the carriage of ore，are designed for the carriage of ore cargoes in alternate holds and in larger ships only the odd numbered holds are loaded with ore．The advantages in this are that it is easier to achieve a satisfactory trim on the ship and a reduced time spent in port．However，the disadvantages are that the alternate hold loading pattern greatly increases the stresses in the double bottom structure and the shear forces in the side shell．The double bottom，hopper and topside tanks are arranged for the carriage of water ballast with the double bottom and hopper tanks often being inter-connected，by vertical trunks or pipes，with the topside tanks．1.The homogeneous loading condition refers to loading pattern that ________．A．all cargo holds are fully loaded to the maximum of both volume and weight capacitiesB．each hold would only be about one third fullC．only the odd numbered holds are loadedD．all cargo holds are loaded with cargoesD2.“Stiff”ship is the condition that ________．A．she has a large metacentric heightB．she has a high centre of gravityC．her metacenter above baseline is highD．her centre of gravity is lowA3.The ________ are not arranged for the carriage of ballast water．A．double bottom tanksB．topside tanksC．hopper tanksD．vertical trunks or pipesD4.The disadvantage of the alternate hold loading pattern is that ________．A．it is easier to achieve a satisfactory trim on the shipB．it increases the stresses in the double bottom structure and the shear forces in the side shellC．it is easier to achieve a reduced time spent in portD．the double bottom and hopper tanks are often inter-connected，by vertical trunks or pipes，with the topside tanksB9. Bottom area from keel to light load line about 2600 sq．m．，including rudder，post，stern frame，to be cleaned with high pressure fresh water．Rusted area about 300 sq．，to be sand-blasted and patched with two coats of bottom primer on the bare metal surface．Then whole area to be applied with one coat anti-corrosive paint and one coat tropical anti-fouling paint．Boot-topping strake，from light load line，about 1600 sq．m．to be cleaned with high pressure fresh water．Rusted area to be blasted and patched with two coats of primer．Then whole area to be applied one coat of boot topping green paint．Topside about 1200 sq．m．to be cleaned with high pressure fresh water．Rusted area to be sand-blasted and patched with two coats of primer and one coat of light gray paint．Then whole area to be applied with one coat of light gray paint．All draft figures，plimsoll marks，ship's name and port of registry to be repainted twice in original color．1.________ to be repainted twice in original color．A．Bottom area from keel to light load line about 2600 sq．m．，including rudder，post，stern frameB．The whole ar e aC．Boot-topping strake，from light load line，about 1600 sq．m．D．All draft figures，plimsoll marks，ship's name and port of registryD2.Where is boot-topping ___________．A．The area of the hull between full and light load linesB．The area of the hull above the water line in full load conditionC．The area from keel to light load lineD．The area from keel to full load lineA3.________ area to be applied with one coat of light gray paint．A．BottomB．The wholeC．Boot-toppingD．TopsideD4.________ area to be applied with one coat anti-corrosive paint and one coat tropical anti-fouling paint．A．BottomB．The wholeC．Boot-toppingD．TopsideA10.The hull structure within the cargo area of a bulk carrier can be considered as comprising two barriers；namely，the primary and secondary barrier．The primary barrier is formed by the single skin side shell between topside and hopper tanks，and the cross deck strips，hatch covers and coamings．A failure of the primary barrier would allow water to enter the hold space．The secondary barrier is formed by the vertically corrugated transverse watertight bulkheads and the inner bottom．A failure of the secondary barrier will permit flood water in the hold to enter the neighbouring hold space．1.Cracking at hatch corners will directly permit water to enter ________．A．topside tanksB．the cross deck stripsC．hopper tanksD．the primary barrierD2.Grab and bulldozer damage to the inner bottom will allow water to enter ________．A．the secondary barrierB．transverse watertight bulkheadsC．the primary barrierD．the topside and hopper tanks，A3.Hatch covers are ________．A．primary barrierB．secondary barrierC．either primary barrier or secondary barrierD．neither primary barrier nor secondary barrierA4.In accordance with the passage，the bridge deck should be considered as ________．A．primary barrierB．secondary barrierC．either primary barrier or secondary barrierD．neither primary barrier nor secondary barrierD11. The damage scenarios applicable to single side skin bulk carriers assume initial damage to the primary barrier，formed by the shell and hatch covers，followed by the failure of the secondary barrier formed by the double bottom and the transverse bulkheads．Primary barrier failure could occur in one of two ways．The side shell could be damaged or the hatch covers could fail under the pressure from green seas on deck or be swept away，thereby allowing water to enter the hold．The most likely cause of initial side shell failure，other than collision，results from the progressive reduction of support from corroded and fractured side shell frame end bracket connections to topside tanks and hopper tanks．Corrosion of end bracket toes creates a stress concentration with the location being subjected to fatigue loading from the passage of waves along the side shell．This can lead to the growth of fatigue cracks until the end brackets are completely detached from the side shell．Similarly，weld grooving of side frames and brackets can lead to detachment．In each case，loss of secondary support will lead to loss of the side shell and water will enter the hold．1.According to this passage，________ will be suffered from damage first．A．primary barrierB．secondary barrierC．double bottomD．transverse bulkheadsA2.Corrosion of ________ is not likely lead to detachment of the corresponding structural member．A．weld grooving of side frames and bracketsB．end bracket toesC．side shell frame end bracket connections to topside tanks and hopper tanks D．the shell and hatch coversD3.Fatigue loading to end bracket toes is created by ________．A．the passage of waves along the side shellB．the side shell frame end bracket connections to topside tanks and hopper tanks C．the detachmentD．the secondary supportA4.In general，loss of secondary support will ________．A．create a stress concentration with the locationB．assume initial damage to the primary barrierC．lead to loss of the side shell and water will enter the holdD．lead to the growth of fatigue cracksC12. One，or a combination of，the following two failure scenarios could occur．Firstly，the double bottom structure of girders and floors could sustain sufficient damage under the negative buoyancy condition where the double bottom structure is subjected to the cargo loading only．If the transverse floor and longitudinal girder web plating structures，have deteriorated due to corrosion or mechanical damage，then shear failure can result and the double bottom may collapse．The loss of the hull girder flange，formed by the double bottom，would invariably lead to the loss of the ship．Secondly，where water enters a loaded hold，the transverse watertight bulkheads are subject to the cargo loading increased by a static head of water equal to the flooded draught and a dynamic effect due to the fluid motion in the hold．If the watertight bulkhead has corroded then plastic collapse，or shear failure of the corrugated bulkhead connection to the lower shelf place，can occur followed by bulkheadfailure．With two holds flooded，the ship would in all likelihood sink．1.It is implied in the passage that ________ will inevitably lead to the sinking of the ship．A．the double bottom structure is subjected to the cargo loading onlyB．water enters a loaded holdC．bulkhead fails when there is no water in the holdD．the loss of the hull girder flange or more than one hold are floodedD2.Negative buoyancy condition refers to the condition of ________．A．hoggingB．saggingC．rollingD．pitchingB3.The reason why the ship would sink with two holds flooded is that she will loss her ________．A．stabilityB．strengthC．buoyancyD．gravityA4.Where water enters a loaded hold，the transverse watertight bulkheads are not subject to ________．A．the cargo loadingB．static head of waterC．dynamic effect due to the fluid motion in the holdD．support from other deck coversD13.It is hereby expressly agreed that every exemption from liability and every right，defence and immunity of whatsoever nature applicable to the Repairer or to which the Repairer is entitled hereunder shall also be available and shall extend to protect every Repairer or agent of the Repairer（including every independent contractor from time to time employed by the Repairer）while acting in the course of or in connection with his employment or engagement．The Repairer is or shall be deemed to be acting as an agent or trustee on behalf of and for the benefit of allpersons who are or might be employees or agents from time to time（including any independent contractors or subcontractors as aforesaid）and all such persons shall to this extent be or be deemed to be parties to the contract entered into by the Repairer．1.This paragraph is most likely to appear in ________．A．Ship Slipping and Repairing ContractB．Time CharterC．V oyage CharterD．Demise CharterA2.The exemption from liability and every right，defence and immunity of whatsoever nature applicable to the Repairer or to which the Repairer is entitled hereunder will not extend to protect ________．A．Agent of the RepairerB．Independent Contractor employed by the RepairerC．Subcontractor appointed by the RepairerD．ShipownerD3.The Repairer is not or shall be not deemed to be acting as an agent or trustee on behalf of and for the benefit of ________．A．all persons as to be deemed to be parties to the contract．B．subcontractors appointed by the RepairerC．independent contractors employed by RepairerD．persons who are or might be employees or agents of the RepairerA4.It can be concluded that this clause is formulated to protect the interests of ________．A．Repairer'sB．independent contractor'sC．ship owner'sD．cargo owner'sA14. Many carriers today make use of relay ports at which GOODs destined for more remote locations are transshipped onto substituted ships or“feeder vessels”，in order to secure faster and more efficient delivery than would be possible if the cargoes concerned were carried all the way to destination aboard the liner vessels on whichthey were first loaded．The transshipment of cargo at such intermediate ports has been judged not to constitute an unreasonable deviation where it is shown to be a custom of the trade．Nor，of course，is it an unreasonable deviation where the shipper acquiesced in it，had notice of it or could have expected it based on prior shipments with the same carrier，or where the carrier has made known its ordinary stops by its advertisements，publications or other means．1.A Relay Port means a/an_______．A．port of destinationB．port of sailingC．intermediate portD．port of refugeC2.Cargo will be possibly delivered slower to its destination by _______．A．a feederB．a substituted shipC．the liner on which it was first loadedD．the liner on which it would be loaded should a feeder or substituted ship not be availableC3.Under which of the following conditions is it not sufficient to judge that transshipment at the relay port does not constitute an unreasonable deviation ___________．A．the transshipment is shown to be a custom of the tradeB．the shipper had notice of the transshipmentC．the shipper could have expected it based on prior shipments with the same carrier D．the carrier has not made known its ordinary stops by its advertisements or publicationsD4.The purpose of making use of a relay port by the carrier is to achieve the end of _______．A．faster and more efficient deliveryB．avoiding unreasonable deviationC．making known its ordinary transportation by its advertisements，publications or other meansD．preventing the adverse influence to the carriage by a custom of the tradeA15.Individuals involved directly and indirectly in the handling of dangerous GOODs shall receive training designed to provide familiarity with the genera l provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirements．Such training shall include a description of the classes of dangerous GOODs；labelling，marking，placarding and packaging，segregation and compatibility requirements；a description of the purpose and content of the dangerous GOODs transport document；and a description of available emergency response documents．These persons shall have to receive detailed training concerning specific dangerous GOODs transport requirements which are applicable to the function the persons performs．And o f course they shall also receive the complete safety training．Commensurate with the risk of exposure in the event of a release and the functions performed，each person shall receive training on：Methods and procedures for accident avoidance，such as proper use of package-handling equipment and appropriate methods of stowage of dangerous GOODs；Available emergency response information and how to use it；General dangers presented by the various classes of dangerous GOODs and how to prevent exposure to those hazards，including if appropriate the use of personal protective clothing and equipment；and Immediate procedures to be followed in the event of an unintentional release of dangerous GOODs，including any emergency response procedures for which the person is responsible and personal protection procedures to be followed．1.Unintentional Release of dangerous GOODs means primarily _______ of the GOODs．A．accidental releaseB．proper releaseC．slow releaseD．emergency releaseA2.“Proper use of package-handling equipment and appropriate methods of stowage of dangerous GOODs”is an item covered by _______．A．the training of familiarity with the general provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirementsB．function-specific trainingC．the training of proper shipping businessD．the safety trainingD3.The immediate procedures to be followed in the event of an unintentional release of dangerous GOODs are covered by _______．。

【海证】最新,航海英语阅读及考试秘籍(秘籍在最后),包你阅读满分~!~! work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR第三部分Passage 3-01Labour should be ordered by 0900 hrs for 2nd shift (1500 to 2300 hrs) on same day and by 1300 hrs for 1st shift (0700 to 1500 hrs) for next day. by 1100 hrs, for (2300 to 0500 hrs) in same day.Under normal circumstances, no work is performed during meal hours of 1100 it 1200 hrs and 1830 hrs unless the ship is classified as a key vessel or the agent orders work during the meal hours.在同一天早上9点应该安排第二工班（1500到2300）的工作，和下午2点安排第2天第一工班（0700到1500）的工作，在同一天的中午11点安排第三工班（2300到0500）的工作。

在常规环境下，没有工作执行在用餐时间1100到1200点和晚上1830，除非船舶类型被看作关键的船或代理安排工作在用餐的时间里。

001. If you want to order labour in this port for the third shift in same day, the order should be made by .A. any timeB. 0900 hoursC. 1100 hoursD. 1300 hours在同一天如果你想安排工作在这个港口的第三工班，这安排应该在早上1100。

航海英语阅读理解短文01商船被设计用来携带货物。

有些还设计载客。

它们可作为定线制。

这些都是被雇用在定期航线上以一个固定的时间表。

他们的到达和离开的日期会提前公布，他们是否满载。

这些航路可以被归类为任何深海航线或短的海上运输。

前者主要是进行跨世界海洋集装箱货物;后来进行短航线集装箱或传统的货物。

渡轮也被它的线路所分类。

他们每天或每周为乘客和车辆提供穿越海峡或近海服务。

一些船只仍在受聘为客轮。

他们不仅接载乘客，但也有一些从欧洲到北美和远东航线的货物。

如今，乘客贸易非常小，通常作为客轮邮轮经营年度的一部分。

001.深海轮船__a______。

答：主要是集装箱货物进行002.定线制______b__。

答：总是定期航行，甚至经常不是满载003_____d___到达和离开日期在什么时间被列出。

是在出发前发表004.It是暗示在文章中________。

A的客船数量少短文02目前，大多数商船建造为了运输货物。

他们主要是经营的是不定期的操作航行。

这些船不会定期在一航线上航行或保持一个固定的时间表，但是他们被雇佣在有货物需要承运的地方。

这种不定期的营运可被归类为深海或短的海上营运。

一个部分被归类为沿海商船。

这些航线和沿海向内陆港口，河流铺设。

传统的不定期货物是干散货，但有些是为了进行普通货物。

大量商船作为专业化船舶。

这些都是旨在进行特定类型的货物。

有专门的船只几种类型。

最常见的是油轮。

他们被拥有的大型石油企业或独立经营者所雇用。

两个日益重要的液体散货船其他类型的化学品船和液化天然气（LNG）的载体。

005.The深海不定期营运是________。

答：a承运散货和一般货物在公海006.The沿海商船________。

d航行沿海航线和内陆港口，河流007.The重要性液化天然气运输船________。

答：a越来越多（日益发展壮大）008.It是隐含在文章中________。

答：a专门的船只数目不小短文03货船可分为两个基本类型。

2019高考英语（浙江）阅读理解系列（1）（解析）〔A〕AMSTERDAM(AP)—She’snotafraidofpirates(海盗).She’spackedplentyofschoolbooks.Andshe’sgoingtomissherfamilyandherdog,Spot.Fourteen-year-oldLauraDekkerjumpedontoherboatWedne sdayandsailedofffromtheNetherlandshopingtobecometheyou ngestpersontomakeavoyagearoundtheworldbyherself.About100supporterswavedasLauraandherfatherDickDekk erleftthesouthernDutchharborofDenOsseinher11.5-meter-longsailingboatGuppy,forPortugalwheresheplanstoleaveher fatherandbeginherattempttotravelaroundtheworld.Lastweek,Laurawonalegalbattlewhenacourtreleasedherfromtheguardianship(监护)ofDutchchildprotectionagencies.Theyhadblockedherinitialplantodepartatage13ov erfearsforhersafetyandpsychologicalhealthduringthetrip,whichwilllikelytakearoun dayear.“Icanbesailingnow,andthat’sgreat!”shetoldreportersWednesday.LauraraisedtheblackJollyRoger—likeflagofTheSeaShepherdConservationSocietyabovethetworedmasts(桅杆)beforesailingout.Laura,whowasbornonasailingboatoffthecoastofNewZealand,hasbeenworkingtocount erobjectionstohervoyagesincetheauthoritiessteppedinlastyear.Shegotabigger,stron gerboat,tookcoursesinfirstaidandpracticedcopingwithsleepdeprivation(缺乏).ShealsomadeatleastonetripbyherselfacrosstheNorthSeatoEngland.TheDutchcourtruledthatLaura’spreparationswereadequateanditwasuptoherparents,whoaredivorced,todecidewhethert olethermaketheattempt.Hermother,BabsMueller,recentlywithdrew(撤销)heroppositiontotheplan.Dekker’scasehasfueledaglobaldebateoverthewisdomofallowingever-youngersailorstotakeonth egreatrisksofsailingthehighseasalone.21.WhywasLaurapreventedfromvoyagingaloneworldwidepreviously?A.Shewastooyoungtomakethevoyage.B.Sheknewlittleaboutsailingandthesea.C.Herteacherswereworriedaboutherhealth.D.Herparentsdidn’twanthertoleaveschool.22.HowdidLaurafeelwhenshewassettingoff?A.Embarrassed.B.Surprised.C.Excited.D.Anxious.23.WhichstatementisTRUEaboutLaura’smother?A.ShethinkshighlyofLaura’sadventure.B.ShenolongershowsconcernaboutLaura.C.ShedecidestodisapproveofLaura’svoyage.D.SheopposedLaura’sattemptatthebeginning.24.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?ura’slovefornature.B.Afamilythatlovessailing.C.Whetheryoungchildrenshouldtravelalone.D.Afourteen-year-oldDutchgirlattemptstosetasailingrecord.25.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Itisunwisetoallowyoungchildrentotakerisks.B.Manyyoungchildrenarefondofexploringnature.C.PeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutLaura’sattempt.D.MoreyoungchildrenmayfollowLaura’sexample.〔B〕Amigraine〔偏头痛〕cancausedisablingpain.Peoplemaynotfeelbacktonormalforhoursorevendays.Migrainesa remostcommonamongyoungadultsandmiddle-agedpeople.IntheUnitedStates,abouteightee npercentofwomenandsixpercentofmenreporthavingmigraines.Peoplewhosufferfrommigrainescanfindthatdifferent“triggers”〔诱因〕indifferentpeoplemaygetaheadachestarted.Stresscanactasatrigger.Socanchocolatein somepeople.Manymigrainesuffererssayhotweatherandlowbarometricpressure〔大气压〕canactastriggers.Butresearcherssaytheydidnothavemuchscientificevidenceofthat—untilnow.Inanewstudy,ateamexaminedthemedicalrecordsofseventhousandhospitalpatients.T hepatientshadvisitedtheemergencyroomatBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterinBoston, Massachusetts,becauseofaheadache.Morethantwothousandofthemhadbeenfoundtohaveami graine.Theteamthencomparedthoserecordstoweatherconditionsinthetwenty-fourhoursbefo rethehospitalvisits.Foreveryincreaseoffivedegreescentigradeinairtemperature,the patientshadasevenandone-halfpercenthigherriskofmigraine.Decreasesinbarometricpr essuretwotothreedaysbeforethevisitalsoappearedtotriggerheadaches.Theresearchersfoundnoevidencethatairpollutioninfluencedheadaches.Buttheycou ldnotruleoutthepossibilityofasmallereffect.Aseparatestudyhasfoundthatage,genderandwhereapersonhasextrabodyfatmayaffect theriskofmigraine.Itfoundthatoverweightpeoplebetweentheagesoftwentyandfifty-fiv emayhaveahigherrisk.Onaverage,thosewhowerelargeraroundthemiddleweremorelikelyto havemigrainesthanthoseofthesameagewithsmallerwaistlines.Thestudyinvolvedtwenty-twothousandpeople.ItwasledbyLeePeterlin.Shesaysearly resultssuggestthatlosingweightinthestomachareamayhelpyoungerpeoplewhoexperience migraines,especiallywomen.26.Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferamigrainecan________.A.makepeopleunabletowalkB.preventpeopleactingnormallyC.causepeopletoleavehomefordaysD.getpeopletosufferfrommentaldisorder27.Theunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2refersto________.A.chocolateactingasatriggerB.stressactingasatriggerC.hotweatherandlowbarometricpressureactingastriggersD.highairpressureactingasatrigger28.Accordingtothepassage,headachesareinfluencedleastby________.A.bodyweightB.barometricpressureC.airtemperatureD.airpollution29.IntheopinionofLeePeterlin,apersonwhohasamigraineshould________.A.avoidgatheringfatinthestomachareaB.eatmoresweetfoodeverydayC.staywarmingoodweatherD.keepawayfromnoisyplaces30.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Overweightpeoplemayhavealowerriskofmigraines.B.Weatherislinkedtomigraines.C.Migrainesareaheadacheformanypeople.D.Womensuffermoremigrainethanmando.〔C〕We’veusedthewindasanenergysourceforalongtime.Th eBabyloniansandChinesewereusingwindpowertopumpwaterforirrigatingcrops4,000yearsago,andsa ilingboatswerearoundlongbeforethat.WindpowerwasusedintheMiddleAges,inEurope,togrind(磨碎)corn,whichiswheretheterm“windmill”comesfrom.Wecanusetheenergyinthewindbybuildingatalltower,withalargepropelleronthetop.Thewindblowsthepropellerround,whichturnsageneratortoproduceelectricity.Wetendtobuildmanyofthesetowerstogether,tomakea“windfarm”andproducemoreelectricity.Themoretowers,themorewind,andthelargerthepropellers,t hemoreelectricitywecanmake.It’sonlyworthbuildingwindfarmsinplacesthathavestrong,steadywinds,althoughboatsandc aravans〔大篷车〕increasinglyhavesmallwindgeneratorstohelpkeeptheirbatteriescharged.Thebestplacesforwindfarmsareincoastalareas,atthetopsofroundedhills,openplai nsandgapsinmountains—placeswherethewindisstrongandreliable.Someareoffshore.Tobeworthwhile,youneedana veragewindspeedofaround25km/h.MostwindfarmsintheUKareinCornwallorWales.Isolated placessuchasfarmsmayhavetheirownwindgenerators.InCalifornia,several“windfarms”supplyelectricitytohomesaroundLosAngeles.Thepropellersarelarge,toobtainenergyfromthelargestpossiblevolumeofair.Thebladescanbeangledtocopewithvaryingwindspeeds.Somedesignsuseverticalturbines(垂直涡轮机),whichdon’tneedtobeturnedtofacethewind.Thetowersaretall,togetthepropellersashighaspossibl e,uptowherethewindisstronger.Thismeansthatthelandbeneathcanstillbeusedforfarming.31.Thefirstparagraphaimstotellus________.A.thefunctionofwindpowerB.thesourceofwindpowerC.thenationsusingwindpowerD.thehistoryofusingwindpower32.Howdoesawindpowerwork?A.Thegeneratorturnsthepropellerbladesandproduceselectricity.B.Thetalltowerhelpsturntheenergyintheairintoelectricity.C.Warmairrisesandmakesthepropellermoveround.D.Thepropellerblownroundbywindturnsthegeneratortoproduceelectricity.33.Thebestplacesforbuildingthewindfarmareplaceswhere________.A.boatsandcaravanscanoftenbeseenB.isolatedfarmsdon’thaveenoughelectricityC.therearelesshumanactivitiesD.thewindisstrongandreliable34.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.windfarmswillnottakeuptoomuchfarminglandB.windfarmsneednofuelbecausewindisfreeC.thebladescanbeangledtoturntofacethewindwhereveritcomesfromD.thehigherandlargerthetowersare,thestrongerthewindis35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Wheretobuildawindfarm.B.ABCoftheusingofwindenergy.C.Howtomakebestuseofwind.D.Windenergyisthebestenergy.〔D〕Ineededtogetsomemoneyso,afterChristmas,ItookajobintheclothesdepartmentatGraham’sforthefirstfortnightoftheJanuarysale.Ican’tsaythatIenjoyedit,butitwasanexperienceI’llneverforget.Icouldneverunderstandwhythereweresomanythingsinthesales;wheredidtheyallcomefrom?NowIknowthesecret!Firstly,thereisthespecialwinterstock(货物)andthestockthatpeoplebuyalltheyearround;omeoftheset hingsareslightlyreduced.Secondly,therearethesummerclothestheycouldn’tselllastyear;theseareheavilyreducedtoclearthem.Thirdly,therearecheapclothesbou ghtinspeciallyforthesales;theseareputoutathighpricestendaysbeforethesalebeginsa ndthenarereducedby60%inthesale.Clever!Lastly,theybuyin“seconds”(clothesnotinaperfectcondition)forthesaleandtheyaresoldverycheaply.WhenIarrivedhalfanhourbeforeopeningonthefirstdayofthesale,therewasalreadyaq ueuearoundthreesidesofthebuilding.Thismademeverynervous.Whenthebigmomentarrivedtoopenthedoors,thesecurityguards,lookinglessconfiden tthanusual,cameuptothem,keysinhand.Themomenttheyhadunlockedthedoors,theyhidbehi ndthedoorsforprotectionasthenoisycrowdchargedin.Icouldn’tbelievemyeyes;thiswasn’tshopping,itwasabattlefield!Onepoorladycouldn’tkeepherfeetandwasknockedoverbypeoplepushingfrombehind.Clotheswereflyinginalldirectionsaspeoplesearchedforthesizes,colorsandstyles theywanted.Quarrelsbrokeout.Motherswereusingtheirsmallchildrentocrawl(爬行)throughpeople’slegsandgetholdofthingstheycouldn’tgetnearthemselves.WithinminutesIhadhalfadozenpeoplepushingclothesundermynose,eachwantingtobet hefirstserved.WherehadthefamousEnglishQueuegone?Thewholedaycontinuedlikethat,bu tIkeptmytemper(脾气)!Iwastakingmoneyhandoverfistandbegantorealizewhy,twiceayear,Graham’swerehappytoturntheirexpensivestoreintoabattlefieldlikethis.Inthesalefever,peoplewerespendingmoneylikewaterwithoutthinkingwhethertheyne ededwhattheywerebuying.AslongasitwasabargainitwasOK.Youwon’tbelievethisbutassoonasIgothomeIcrashedoutforfourhours.ThenIhaddinnerandwentbac ktobed,fearingthesoundofthealarmwhichwouldtellmetogetreadyfortheseconddayofthes ale.36.Whydoestheauthordescribetheshoppingasabattlefield?A.Becausethereweretoomanyproductstochoosefrom.B.Becausemanypeoplefloodedinpanicbuyingproducts.C.Becausethetimeforshoppingislimited.D.Becausethepeopleareingreatneedoftheproducts.37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.ThecustomersgaveupthequeuingforwhichtheEnglisharefamous.B.Thecustomerskepttheirtemperwhilelookingforclothestheywanted.C.Smallchildrenenjoyedcrawlingthroughpeople’slegs.D.Thesecurityguardswerefearlessofthecrowd.38.Intheauthor’sopinion,whywereGraham’shappytomaketheirexpensivestoreinto “Battlefield”?A.Thereweretoomanyclothesandtheywantedtocleartheminthesales.B.Theywereeagertoshowthattheywerecleveratdoingbusiness.C.Theycouldtakethechancetoraisethepricesofalltheirclothes.D.Theywantedtomakemoremoneybyhavingsales.39.Theexpression“crashedout”means_______.A.chattedwithherfriendsB.sleptsoundlyC.brokedownD.dinedout40.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheBestBargain.B.Huntingforajob.C.SaleFever.D.APleasantFortnight.答案解析【文章大意】文章讲述了一位14岁的女孩Laura打算冒险环球航行，从而成为独自环球航行最年轻的人的事。