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2012年英语专业八级考试真题中译英In recent years, the English Proficiency Test for English Majors (TEM-8) has become an important benchmark for measuring the English language proficiency of Chinese students majoring in English. The test is designed to assess students' listening, reading, writing, and translation skills. This document aims to provide an analysis of the 2012 TEM-8 exam and offer insights into the challenges faced by test-takers.The listening section of the 2012 TEM-8 exam consisted of three parts: short conversations, news reports, and academic lectures. Test-takers were required to listen carefully and answer multiple-choice questions based on the recordings. The difficulty level of the listening section was moderate, with some challenging vocabulary and complex sentence structures. It tested students' ability to comprehend spoken English in various contexts.The reading section of the exam included passages from newspapers, magazines, and academic journals. Test-takers had to read the passages and answer multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, and complete summaries. The reading materials covered a wide range of topics, such as politics, culture, science, and technology. The questions were designed to assess students' reading comprehension skills and their ability to infer information from the texts. The difficulty level of the reading section was relatively high, requiring test-takers to have a good command of vocabulary and strong reading skills.The writing section of the 2012 TEM-8 exam consisted of two tasks: an essay and a letter or report. Test-takers were given a choice of topics for the essay and had to write a coherent and well-structured piece of writing within a specified time limit. The letter or report task required test-takers to write a formal letter or a report based on a given situation. The writing section assessed students' ability to express their ideas clearly and concisely, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and organize their writing effectively.The translation section of the exam tested test-takers' ability to translate from Chinese to English and from English to Chinese. The Chinese-to-English translation taskrequired test-takers to translate a passage from Chinese into English, while the English-to-Chinese translation task required them to translate a passage from English into Chinese. The translation section assessed students' language proficiency, including their understanding of idiomatic expressions, grammar, and vocabulary in both languages.Overall, the 2012 TEM-8 exam posed significant challenges for test-takers. The listening section required them to have good listening skills and the ability to understand English spoken at a native-like speed. The reading section tested their reading comprehension abilities and their knowledge of various topics. The writing section assessed their ability to express their ideas effectively in written English. The translation section evaluated their language proficiency in both Chinese and English.To succeed in the TEM-8 exam, test-takers need to develop a comprehensive understanding of the English language and improve their listening, reading, writing, and translation skills. They should practice listening to English recordings, reading a variety of English texts, writing essays and reports, and translating between Chinese and English. By doing so, test-takers can enhance their language proficiency and increase their chances of achieving a high score in the TEM-8 exam.In conclusion, the 2012 TEM-8 exam was a comprehensive assessment of English language proficiency for Chinese students majoring in English. It tested their listening, reading, writing, and translation skills, and posed significant challenges. To succeed in the exam, test-takers need to develop a strong command of the English language and practice extensively in all tested areas. With dedication and effort, they can improve their language skills and achieve success in the TEM-8 exam.。
2012级普通班翻译材料注释（一）节日练习1农历的正月初一是春节，即农历的新年。
①据说春节是由冬天的祭拜活动（Sacrifice）发展而来的。
在远古社会，冬祭是人们的一种习俗。
在所有的节日当中，春节对我们来说是最重要的。
在春节到来的前几天，我们便把房子打扫得干干净净并装饰一新（spring-clean：大扫除）。
②老人们说必须干干净净过春节，这样来年才会幸福、交好运。
根据中国的传统，中国人年年过春节，家家都要贴春联（Spring Festival couplet），以表达对新年的祝愿。
（167字）单词与词组：由…..发展而来：evolve from 原始的：primitive 庆祝：celebration习俗：custom 装饰：decorate 表达：convey句型：It is said that…… so that …According to sth. , …注释：错误！未找到引用源。
合并。
原文两个句子，可整合成一句，用同位语。
参考译文：It is said that the Spring Festival evolved from Winter Sacrifice, a custom practiced by the people in the primitive society.②注意翻译成英文时so that 目的状语从句中主语和谓语的选择。
原文意思其实是“新年会(给人们)带来幸福和好运”翻译时主语是New Year, 谓语是will bring。
参考译文：Old folk say that everything must be clean for the Spring Festival celebration so that the New Year will bring happiness and good luck.练习2当公历到了6月份，我们发觉一年的时间已经过去了一半。
然而，农历（lunar1calendar）五月份才刚刚开始，在中国，人们正准备欢度一个传统节日——端午节。
2013年12月英语六级考试翻译新题型习题及答案详解练习题一如果说我确实有所成就的话，那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。
遇到挫折时，你可以暂时把问题放一放，一味纠结不仅无济于事，有时反倒使情况更糟。
先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番；再回头看待问题，你或许会感到柳暗花明。
这样做后，别忘了多加反省：“为什么这个方法会奏效？下次能不能做得更好呢？”看你定的是什么目标，这种方法可以被反复有效应用。
如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己，最后成功肯定非你莫属。
孜孜不倦向来无敌。
参考翻译及详解如果说我确实有所成就的话，那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。
The only reason I’ve managed to accomplish anything is because I am a firm believer in continuous improvement.翻译这个句子的时候，用了句式the only reason is...because，大家看到汉语“如果说......”可能会一下头脑晕掉，不知道怎么来翻译，但换一个方式，不用if等其它表示如果的单词或词组，也不失为一种迂回翻译的好方法哦。
注意：我坚信：I am a firm believer （汉语的动词翻译成英文成了“形容词+名词”的形式，亲，你翻译的时候会不会这么做呢？）遇到挫折时，你可以暂时把问题放一放，一味纠结不仅无济于事，有时反倒使情况更糟。
If you fail in something, distance from the event for a day or two, because agonizing over the problem will not make it go away (and will make it a lot worse).遇到挫折：fail in something 暂时：for a day or two（for a day or two有时并不仅仅指一两天，还可以表示暂时哦）纠结：agonizing over the problem 先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番；再回头看待问题，你或许会感到柳暗花明。
英语Go for it!七年级下册1 – 12单元(课文+翻译)Unit 1 Can you play the guitar? ------------------------------------------ P 2你会弹吉他吗？Unit 2 What time do you go to school? --------------------------------- P 3你几点上学？Unit 3 How do you get to school? ---------------------------------------- P 5你怎样到达学校？Unit 4 Don’t eat in class. --------------------------------------------------- P 6上课不要吃东西。
Unit 5 Why do you like pandas? ----------------------------------------- P 8你为什么喜欢熊猫？Unit 6 I’m watching TV. -------------------------------------------------- P 10我正在看电视。
Unit 7 It’s raining! --------------------------------------------------------- P 11正在下雨！Unit 8 Is there a post office near here? -------------------------------- P 13这附近有邮局吗？Unit 9 What does he look like? ------------------------------------------ P 15他长什么样？Unit 10 I’d like some noodles. -------------------------------------------- P 16我想要些面条。
一．词组英译汉1.born in the purple出身豪门、出身显贵2．in the red 负债2.to be in the same boat 同舟共济3.polite society上流社会5．the latest developments掌握最新动态6．the mobile phone boom 手机的兴起7．the global nuclear conflict 全球核冲突8．the endless corrider 无尽的走廊9．In good shape 身体状况良好10．being exposed to the public 曝光二．词组汉译英11．浑水摸鱼Fish in troubled waters12．教练车Learner-driven vehicle13．不必要的浪费Unnecessary waste14．搞花架子do something superficial15．西部大开发 West development16．生产能力过剩 Excess production capacity17．扶贫开发Poverty alleviation through development18．全景 Whole scene19．网络安全 Internet security20．难忘的记忆 Unforgettable memory三．句子英译汉21.We must enhance our economic and cultural exchange with other countries.译：我们要加强与世界各国在经济、文化等领域的交往。
22.The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues. 译：财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。
减少来自工业的污染，并且停止乱砍乱伐reduce the amount of pollution coming from industries and stop deforestation.一旦到了无可挽回的地步once we reach the point of no return金钱可以主宰一切. money had become king.我们呼吸道空气和饮用的水. the air we breathe and the water we drink.发达国家尤为如此This is especially true of developed countries二由于高校继续扩招thanks to the continu- ing expansion of college enrolment/enrollment由310座桥梁连为一体的近50个岛屿组成Straddling the wide River Neva, the city (is made up of almost 50 islands connected by some 310 bridges)理所当然认为世界其他地方的人都应该说英语take for granted that people of the rest of the world should speak English/take it for granted that people of the rest of the world should speak English?将其科研成果转换成商品convertingtheir research achievements into commercial products在任何情况下我们都不可以under no circumstances/in no cases may we上涨了15%roseby 15%再怎么小小也不为过cannot be too careful该问题的解决办法solution to the problem无论我们白天可能做什么no matter what we may have done during the day/ no matter what we might have done during the day与社会的快速变化同步keep pace with the rapid changes of socie宁可prefer to也不愿花时间在路上来回rather than spend a lot of time traveling every day我们必须对自己的未来充满信心must we be confident of our own future), we must also be ready to cope with any sort of setbacks.这对天然干旱的地区是至关重要的which is vital to areas that are naturally dry当你逐渐了解他之后When you come to know him我们得把这堆旧报纸和杂志处理掉We have to dispose of this pile of old newspapers and magazines两倍多的蛋白质twice as much protein任何人都无能为力去治疗这种罕见的疾病little anyone can do to cure this rare disease是什么阻止美国人向人们想象的那样快乐what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one/people might expect导致了许多无法预见的结果(resulting in a number of possibly unfore- seen effects).他不就就有被派往国外的机会here being a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon).长时间暴露于光线之下exposed to light for a long time).怀疑他策划了这起恐怖袭击suspected him of planning secretly the terrorist attack).如果他不开那么快就好了If only he hadn’t driven so fast).尽管(In spite of) 关于克隆人的研究(conducting research on cloning humans).就服务差的问题向医院负责提出了投诉(complained of the poor service to the man in charge of the hospital他所能做的就是All he can do is/ What he can do is正是她对科学的热爱导致了她的成功it was her lovefor science that led to her success结果让人很失望turned out to be a great disappointment说服你他很承实convince you of her honesty?被应用于我们的日常生活be applied to our daily life.曾经让病人筋疲力尽，需要很长的恢复时间left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time尽管在这个时间as it was at such a time把孩子的成功归因于to attrib ute their children’s success to经得起仔细检查stand up to close examination.通过利用消费者的信任获取高额利润make great profits by taking advanta ge of consumers’ trust就越不把握不准它们的意思是什么the less sure I was what they were/the less sure Iwas what they mean不可能在办公室看见他can’t have seen him in the office如此严重的一件事情so serious a matter 别无选择只有叫他来had no choice but to call in他们不可能那么快的适应气候impossible to adapt themselves to the climate so quickly通常得与他人隔离usually has to be isolated from other people女性往往比男性寿命长women tend to live longer than men谈到数学As far as mathematics is concerned被控制欺骗消费者was accused of cheating customers如果他能得到一份工作if she got a job更可能引起恐慌more likely to raise fears课本翻译无论看起来和其他物质有多么不同no matter how different it may seem form any other substance不管一个女人试图做什么来改变他的处境no matter what a woman tries to do to improve her situation不管他给出什么借口no matter what excuse he gives无论别人怎么想no matter what anyone else may think无论他们怎么改写历史no matter how they rewrite history他才意识到这项任务让新来的秘书独自完成实在是太困难了did he realize that the task was a little too difficult for the new secretary to finish on her own玛丽才停止哭泣did Mary stop weeping所有的员工才会知道他们的评估结果will all the employees know the result of their performance evaluation他才了解他母亲独自一人把她和她姐姐抚养成人有多么困难did she become aware how hard it was for her mother to have brought up her sister and her on her own我才知道主要人物的最终结果did I get to know what happened in the end to the main characters这样宝宝就不会着凉了so that the baby would not catch cold为的是更多人会投他一票so that more people would vote for him这样他父亲也许会原谅他这次数学考试不及格so that his father might forgive him for his failure in the math exam以便实验能顺利进行so that it would go on smoothly以使你自己做出判断so that you can judge for yourself至于总部发生了什么事As to what actually happened to the headquarters至于我去哪里继续深造As to where I should go to further my study它们有什么不同，我为什么要两个都保留as to how different they are and why we want to keepthem both.至于我是否应该留在学校当助教as to whether or nor I should remain at the college working as a teaching assistant关于旧的硬件是否将被心得硬件所代替as to whether the old hard ware is to be replaced by new hardware帮助那些不愿自助的人是没有用的There is no use trying to help those who do not help themselves通过战争解决国际争端是没有好处的it is no good trying to solve the issue between the nations by means of war拒绝接受此事是没有意义的There is no sense refusing to accept it有一大堆钱是没有意义的There is no point in having a load of money花点时间想想自己以后想从事什么职业是没有坏处的there is no harm in spending some time thinking about what sort of career you might wish to pursue如果我说不呢？What if I say no如果他们不知道呢What if they don’t know要是我不能按时完成怎么办What if we can’t finish it on time假如有一天这事发生在你我身上呢？What if this happens to us someday要是他对我说谎了该怎么办？What if he has lied to us。
2012级大学英语翻译题库第一篇大家普遍承认人是社会性的动物，生活在同一社会的我们自然指望有朋友。
至于什么是友谊，人们有各自不同的理解。
有些人交朋友是为了彼此有用，一旦失去这个基础，这种友谊也就中止了。
但更多的人渴望“心灵之友(soul•pals)”，即那种拥有高尚情操，能共度磨难的朋友。
这样的友谊使我们远离贪欲、暴力，鼓励我们敢于按照自己的信念说话和做事。
这样的友谊才是我们说的“真挚和完美的友谊”。
第二篇晚饭后，我们大家围坐在壁炉（hearth）旁。
苏珊姨妈还沉浸在失去罗伯特姨父的悲伤之中。
她轻声讲起了他俩从前的岁月。
订婚不久，姨父就去参军了。
考虑到当时的严峻形势，许多军人无法生还，你就可以想象当姨父从欧洲战场平安返回时姨妈甭提有多开心了。
之后，他们结婚成家，抚育了五个孩子。
这么多年来，在共同克服生活的艰辛磨难的过程当中，夫妻间的感情越来越深。
我被姨妈的故事深深迷住了，这完全不同于我理想中的爱情。
在日常生活中，他们并不追求激情浪漫，而是实践着“付出”和“分享”。
令人感慨的是，这样的爱延续了一辈子。
第三篇退休终止了一个人的职业生涯。
人们突然发现再也不能继续自己已经干了几十年的工作。
有些老人很难适应这个变化，陷于忧郁之中，认为自己没用了。
的确，忧郁已经成为威胁老年人健康的一个主要因素。
不过，在中国许多老人仍然通过为成年儿女服务，如照看孙辈，补贴零用钱等感到自己仍然有用。
但问题是老人们是否还应该尝试用其他方式来丰富他们的空闲时间以获得一个更有意义的晚年生活？我建议老人们少操心儿女的生活，给儿女足够的空间让他们负责自己的生活。
毕竟老人们为社会和家庭贡献了这么多年，他们应该受到年轻人多方面的尊重，年轻人对年长的父母要更宽容些。
第四篇武术在我国源远流长,是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。
我们知道,一个民族的优秀文化遗产,不仅仅属于一个民族,它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。
// 为了更好的推广武术运动,使其与奥运项目接轨,中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。
12级职高英语第八周周末练习题邱锦梅Ⅰ.英汉互译.1. make friends________2.play a part in________3.a number of________4.each other__________5.share…with_________6.agree with_______7.get angry with_____8.rely on_________9. in need________ 10.be willing to_______ 11.事实上_________ 12.棋友_________ 13.工友_____ 14.亲密的朋友_____15向…伸出援助之手__________Ⅱ.单项选择( ) 1. it’s so dark.I can't find out ____ it's a boy ___a girl. A. if, and B. that, and C. either, or D. whether, or( ) 2. Could you tell me if he _______ to Shanghai?A. has goneB. had goneC. wentD. go( ) 3. He told me _______ she would catch the early bus.A. whichB. whetherC. whyD. that( ) 4. Mrs. Green asked me _______ I would go with her.A. whatB. whichC. whyD. that( ) 5. I don't know _____ the coat ____ cheap enough.A. if, isB. where, wereC. that, isD. if, were( ) 6. Call you tell me why _______ yesterdayA. you didn't comeB. did you not comeC. didn't you comeD. you don't come( ) 7. He said that they _______ Yunnan.A. have been toB. had gone toC. have gone toD. has gone to ( ) 8. Jack isn't sure _______ students there are in his class. A. how many B. what C. which D. whether( ) 9. Can you tell me _______ yesterday?A. what they doB. what they didC. what do they doD. what did they do( ) 10. I want to know _______ his homework yesterday evening.A. if he finishedB. whether he had finishedC. had she finishedD. has she finished( ) 11. Do you know what _______ this time yesterday?A. they are doingB. are they doingC. they were doingD. were they doing( ) 12. Excuse me, can you tell me _______ ？A. why was the train lateB. why the train was lateC. why is the train lateD. why the train is late( ) 13. Do you know where _______ ? Someone is looking for him. A. he is B. he was C. is he D. was he( ) 14. He wanted to know how long _______ in hospital.A. she is stayingB. she had stayedC. did she stayD. she stay ( ) 15. My brother said he _______ going _______ his friend the next day A. was, to meet B. would go, hasC. will go, was going toD. will go, willⅢ.完成句子1．I wanted to know______________ (她在和谁交谈)2．He said____________________ (他以前见过我)3．I’m sorry for_______________ (我所做的事)4．The teacher asked_______________ (谁能回答这个问题)5．Jane said that_____________ (她将乘飞机去那里)Ⅳ. 阅读理解：Big Ben is not the name of a man. It’s the name of a huge clock in London. London is the capital of England. This dock has four faces. So, no matter where you stand; you can read the time on the face of Big Ben. Each face is the size of a double Decker bus. The hands are about four meters long. It is about the size of two people standing on the top of each other. If you go to London, you may want to Visit the Houses of Parliament(国会大厦).In that place, you will find Big Ben sits at the top of the clock tower in the Houses of Parliament. You will probably hear it as well as see it. The giant clock makes such a loud noise: "Ding dong, ding dong."It goes every quarter of a hour.The clock was named after a big man. He was Sir Benjamin Hall. This man did much building work in London many years ago.（) 1. Big Ben is______.A. a double Decker busB. a huge clockC. a buildingD. the name of Ben( ) 2. The clock strikes every, ______ of an hour.A. ten minutesB. fifteen minutesC. twenty minutesD. thirty minutes（) 3. Which two words mean the same as large?A. Giant and small.B. Gig and double.C. Giant and huge.D. Huge and loud.（) 4. You can read the time of Big BenA. on the faces of the clockB. at the top of the clock towerC. on the hands of the huge clockD. in the Houses of Parliament（) 5. The title of this passage isA. The capital of EnglandB. A clockC. Sir Benjamin HallD. Big Ben。
四级新题型：段落翻译原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。
四级翻译样题：剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。
中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。
人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。
特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。
剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。
中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
(156字)P班翻译练习1TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.“自然”是老子哲学最重要的概念之一。
他并非指外在的自然物，而指一种自然而然，顺应世界的态度。
老子强调，世界上一切事物都有他的“性”（being），有其自身运行的规律，鸟儿在天上飞，鱼儿在水中游，白云飘荡，花开花落，一切都是自然而然的，并不依人的意志而运作。
所谓“独立而不改”，人不要强行改变它。
（143字）参考译文：“Naturalness”is one of the most important concepts of Laozi’s philosophy. It refers to a natural state of being, an attitude of following the way of nature. Laozi emphasized that everything in the world has its own way of being and development: birds fly in the sky, fish swim in the water, clouds float in the sky, flowers bloom and flowers fall…. All these phenomena occur naturally and independently of human will, and human should not try to forcibly change anything natural.P班翻译练习2TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.水墨画（ink and wash）是传统中国绘画中很独特的一个画种。
它不用或少用色彩，一般只用浓淡不同的黑色墨水，在白色的纸（或绢）上作画。
水墨画之于中国画，就如同油画之于西方绘画。
它是中国画的典型面目，也是最能代表中国艺术精神的形式之一。
水墨的运用，可以表现出色彩的感觉，同时还能表现出色彩无法传达的内容。
（145字）参考译文：Ink and wash is a unique genre of traditional Chinese paintings. It uses little or no color but applies black ink in different shades to white paper or silk. Ink and wash is just as important in traditional Chinese paintings as oils in western paintings. As a typicalrepresentative of traditional Chinese painting, it is also one of the styles that best r epresent the spirit of Chinese’s fine art. The application of ink and water produces the feel of different colors, as well as feelings that colors cannot convey.P班翻译练习3TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.在英文中，“中国”和“瓷器”是一个词。
这说明，欧洲人长久以来就了解中国是和瓷器的关联。
瓷器十五世纪时就传入欧洲，在中外交流史中占有重要位置。
德国卡塞尔朗德博物馆(Keisel Randy Museum)至今还藏有一件中国明代青瓷碗。
历史上，中国和亚、欧等国瓷器交易极为频繁，而且数量巨大。
瓷器以其优雅精致的品质，为中国赢得了好名声。
（148字）参考译文：In English，the country and “porcelain” share the same name –“China (china)”.This proves that Europeans have long known of China’s relationship to porcelain. Porcelain found its way to Europe in the 15th century, occupying an important position in the exchanges between China and other countries. The Keisel Randy Museum in Germany houses a blue-and-white bowl dated back to the Ming Dynasty. Throughout history, China and other Asian countries as well as Europe maintained frequent and vast trade in porcelain. Porcelain garnered a good reputation for China for its sophistication and elegance.P班翻译练习4TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.很多外国人对中国文化的了解，最早是通过遍布世界各地的中国餐馆，他们知道中国是一个讲究饮食文化的国家。
占第二位的大概就是京剧。
京剧的脸谱几乎成了中国文化的一个代表性的符号，一种象征。
许多国家举办“中国文化年”，招贴画上往往画着一个大大的京剧脸谱。
要了解中国文化，确实不能不了解京剧。
（140汉字）参考译文：Many foreign friends first learn about Chinese culture through the numerous Chinese restaurants found all over the world, and soon discern that China is a country with delicious cuisine. The second impression of Chinese culture is often Peking Opera, whose masks are now almost emblematic of China. Many countries design posters using Peking Opera masks to signal a “Year of Chinese Culture.”To understand Chinese culture, therefore, some knowledge about Peking Opera is indeed indispensable.P班翻译练习5Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.这次两会（the two Sessions）受到全国人民的广泛关注，互联网上向我提的问题已经超过100万条，点击的人数超过2600万人次。
本届政府工作走过了四个年头，它告诉我们，必须遵循一个基本原则：政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，一切属于人民，一切为了人民，一切依靠人民，一切归功于人民。
政府工作人员应是人民的好公仆并为人民服务。
（142字）参考译文：People all over China have followed the two Sessions with keen interest. Over one million questions are posted for me on the Internet, which have been clicked by over 26 million people. It has been four years since this Government took office. These four years have taught us one thing: We must be guided by the fundamental principle: all the power of the government is bestowed on us by the people, so all the power belongs to the people; everything we do should be for the people; we must rely on the people in all our endeavors, and we owe all our achievements to the people. Government officials should be good public servants and serve the people.P班翻译练习6TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.专家说有几个因素助长了汉语教学在美国的激增。
