商务英语之国际贸易

国际贸易英语词汇3[货款结算]settlement of the payment 货款结算payment currency支付货币depreciate / appreciate贬/升值evaluation currency估价货币convertible currency可转化货币hard / soft currency硬币/软币operative instruments:有效票据a bill of exchange; bill / draft汇票b promissory note本票c check支票banker’s draft银行汇票commercial draft商业汇票clean draft光票汇票documentary draft跟单汇票sight / demand draft即期汇票time / usance draft远期汇票commercial acceptance draft商业承兑汇票banker’s acceptance draft银行承兑汇票processes to handle a draft:a to draw出票b to present提示c to accept承兑d to pay支付drawer出票人drawee受票人parties当事人tenor期限days of grace宽限期prior party前手subsequent party后手dishonour拒付recourse追索face value票面价值debtor债权人bona fide holder善意持有人notary public公证人general promissory note一般本票banker’s promissory note or cashier’s order银行本票depositor储户falsely claim冒领initial / counter signature初/复签crossed check划线支票payment methods:a remittance汇付b collection托收c letter of credit信用证favourable exchange顺汇adverse exchange逆汇bank / commercial credit银行/商业信用remittance:a t / t : telegraphic transfer电汇b m / t: mail transfer信汇c d / d: ( remittance by banker’s ) demand draft票汇remitter汇款人remitting bank汇出行receiving / paying bank汇入行/解付行type of remittance汇款方式remittance fee汇费cable confirmation电汇证实书debit advice 付讫借记通知payment order支付通知书c.w.o.: cash with order随订单付现o / a trade: open account trade赊帐贸易c.o.d.: cash on delivery交货后付款payment in advance预付货款remittance against documents凭单付汇draw a bill of exchange on向…开汇票inancial documents金融单据commercial documents商业单据documentary collection跟单托收clean collection光票托收payment balance货款尾数/余额remitting bank托收银行collecting bank代收行presenting bank提示行documentary collection:跟单托收a d / p: documents against payment付款交单b d / a: documents against acceptance丞兑交单d / p at sight即期付款交单d / p after sight远期付款交单t/r: trust receipt信托收据factoring保理（国际保付代理业务）applicant / opener开证申请人/开证人opening / issuing bank开证行advising / notifying bank通知行beneficiary受益人negotiating bank议付行paying bank付款行confirming bank保兑行paying bank agent代付行reimbursing bank偿付行clearing bank信用证清算银行transferring bank转让行l/g: banker’s letter of gurantee银行保函/银行保证书varieties of l/c:a documentary l/c跟单信用证b clean l/c光票信用证c revocable l/c可撤销信用证d irrevocable l/c不可撤销信用证e confirmed l/c保兑信用证f unconfirmed l/c非保兑信用证g sight payment l/c即期付款信用证h deferred payment l/c延期付款信用证i acceptance l/c承兑信用证k negotiation l/c议付信用证l sight l/c即期信用证m time/usance l/c远期信用证n transferable l/c可转让信用证o untransferable l/c不可转让信用证q revolving l/c循环信用证r reciprocal l/c对开信用证s back-to-back l/c对背信用证t anticipatory l/c (red clause l/c)预支信用证/红条款信用证u local l/c本地信用证v standby l/c备用信用证。

商务英语词汇大全文库一、国际贸易1. 进出口：Import / Export2. 贸易顺差：Trade Surplus3. 贸易逆差：Trade Deficit4. 自由贸易区：Free Trade Zone (FTZ)5. 关税：Tariff6. 世界贸易组织：World Trade Organization (WTO)7. 贸易壁垒：Trade Barrier8. 非关税壁垒：Non-T ariff Barrier (NTB)9. 贸易协定：Trade Agreement10. 区域经济一体化：Regional Economic Integration二、商务谈判1. 谈判：Negotiation2. 议价：Bargaining3. 报价：Quotation4. 还价：Counteroffer5. 合同：Contract6. 交货期：Delivery Date7. 支付方式：Payment Method8. 谈判策略：Negotiation Strategy9. 协商：Mediation10. 仲裁：Arbitration三、营销策略1. 市场调研：Market Research2. 目标市场：Target Market3. 产品定位：Product Positioning4. 品牌建设：Brand Building5. 促销策略：Promotion Strategy6. 广告宣传：Advertising Promotion7. 公共关系：Public Relations (PR)8. 市场细分：Market Segmentation9. 定价策略：Pricing Strategy10. 销售渠道：Sales Channel四、金融与投资1. 货币：Currency2. 外汇：Foreign Exchange (FX)3. 本币：Domestic Currency4. 外汇市场：Foreign Exchange Market (FX Market)5. 国际金融市场：International Financial Market (IFM)6. 投资组合：Portfolio7. 股票：Stocks8. 债券：Bonds9. 期货与期权：Futures & Options10. 对冲基金：Hedge Funds11. 风险投资：Venture Capital (VC)12. 私募股权投资：Private Equity (PE)。

1有形贸易 visible trade visible trade 2无形贸易 invisible tradeinvisible trade3证券投资 Portfolio Investment portfolio investment 4大额存单 Certificate of depositcertificate of deposit 5管理合同 management contract management contract 6价值链 value chainvalue chain7承包生产 contract manufacturing contract manufacturing 8交钥匙工程 turnkey project turnkey project 9国民收入 national income national income 10人均收入 per capita income per capita income 11基础设施 infra structureinfra structure1213收入分布 income distribution income distribution 14债权国 creditor countrycreditor country15经济一体化 economic integration economic integration 16自由贸易区 free trade area free trade area 17关税税率 tariff rates tariff rates 18关税同盟 custom union custom union 19关税联盟 customs union customs union 20共同市场 common market common market 21主权国家 sovereign state sovereign state 22政治实体 political entity political entity 23行政机构 executive bodyexecutive body24欧盟委员会 European commission European commission 25部长理事会 council of ministers council of ministers 26多极化 multi-polarization multi-polarization27双部长会议 dual-Ministerial meeting dual-Ministerial meeting 28分委员会 Sub-committeeSub-committee 2930技术进步 technical improvements technical improvements 31自然资源 natural resources natural resources 32初级产品 primary commodities primary commodities 33绝对利益 absolute advantage absolute advantage 34比较利益 comparative advantage comparative advantage 35进口关税 import duty import duty 36出口关税 export dutyexport duty 37混税,复合关税 compound dutycompound duty3839税率表,税则 tariff schedule tariff schedule 40关税壁垒 tariff barriertariff barrier41非关税壁垒 non-tariff barrier non-tariff barrier 42运输工具 means of transport means of transport43古迹 places of historical interest places of historical interest 44货仓 cargo compartment cargo compartment 45关税区 customs area customs area 46从价税 advalorem dutiesadvalorem duties独立国家联合体 commonwealth of independent 国际经济环境 international economic environment 最惠国待遇 most-favoured nation (MFN) treatment47贸易术语 trade terms trade terms48贸易惯例 trading practices trading practices49商品交易会 trade fairs trade fairs50长途电话 trunk call trunk call51有效期 validity period validity period52还盘 counter offer counter offer53销售合同 sales contract sales contract54销售确认书 sales (purchase) confirmation sales (purchase) confirmation55缔约方/合约各方 contracting parties contracting parties56不可抗力 force majeure force majeure57货号 article number article number58棉布 cotton piece goods cotton piece goods59棉纱 cotton yarns cotton yarns60对销贸易 counter trade counter trade61欧洲支付联盟 European payment union European payment union62竞争性贬值 competitive devaluation competitive devaluation63加工贸易 processing trade processing trade64清算系统 clearing system clearing system65实际头寸 net positions net positions66贸易信贷往来帐户 trade credit accounts trade credit accounts67反向购买 counter purchase counter purchase68回购交易 buyback buyback69租赁贸易 leasing trade leasing trade70财务状况 financial standing financial standing71资信可靠情况 credit worthiness credit worthiness72分阶段付款 periodic payments periodic payments73预付现金 cash in advance cash in advance74汇票 draft / bill of exchange draft/bill of exchange75远期汇票 usance draft usance draft76跟单汇票 documentary draft documentary draft77提单 bill of landing bill of landing78货物所有权 title to goods title to goods79保险单 insurance policy insurance policy80跟单托收 documentary collection documentary collection81付款交单 documents against payment (D/P)documents against payment (D/P) 82承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)documents against acceptance (D/A) 83光票 clean draft clean draft84开证银行opening bank opening bank85往来行 correspondence bank correspondence bank86通知行 advising bank advising bank87保兑行 confirming bank confirming bank88分批装运 partial shipment partial shipment89保兑信用证 confirmed letter of credit confirmed letter of credit90价格条款 price term price term91光票信用证 clean credit clean credit92非贸易结算 non-trade settlement non-trade settlement93可撤销信用证 revocable credit revocable credit94不可撤销信用证 irrevocable credit irrevocable credit95双重保障 double assurance double assurance96即期信用证 sight credit sight credit97远期信用证 usance credit usance credit98面值 face value face value99可转让信用证 transferable credit transferable credit100不可转让信用证 non-transferable credit non-transferable credit101无汇票信用证 non-draft credit non-draft credit102推迟付款 deferred payment deferred payment103循环信用证 revolving credit revolving credit104唛头 shipping marks shipping marks105被通知人 notify party notify party106货运收据 cargo receipt cargo receipt107发运港 port of shipment port of shipment108海关发票 custom invoice custom invoice109领事发票 consular invoice consular invoice110装船通知 shipping advice shipping advice111产品自然领域 natural product provinces natural product provinces112公共承运人 common carrier common carrier113契约承运人 contract carrier contract carrier114自有承运人 private carrier private carrier115中间产品 intermediate product intermediate product116制成品 finished products finished products117最大诚信原则 utmost good faith utmost good faith118货物原产地港口 port of origin port of origin119交货费用 forwarding charges forwarding charges导致损失的直接原因 proximate cause of the loss120121汇率 exchange rate exchange rate122金本位制 gold standard gold standard123平价 par value par value124储备货币 reversed currency reversed currency125清洁浮动 clean float (free float-自由浮动)clean float 清洁浮动 (free float 自由浮动) 126肮脏浮动 dirt float (managed float-管理浮动)dirt float 肮脏浮动 (managed float 管理浮动) 127(汇率)直接标价 direct quote direct quote128(汇率)间接标价 indirect quote indirect quote129买入价 buying rate buying rate130卖出价 selling rate selling rate131中间价 medial rate medial rate132大萧条 Great Depression great depression133特别提款权 special drawing right special drawing right134国际收支赤字 BOP deficit BOP deficit135国际收支盈余 favorable balance of payment favorable balance of payment136贴现率 discount rate discount rate137外汇管制 foreign exchange control foreign exchange control138游资 idle funds (hot money)idle funds (hot money)139世界银行集团 word bank group word bank group140资本市场 capital market capital market141优惠期 grace period grace period142私营经济 private sector private sector143股权投资 equity investment equity investment144经济结构调整 economic restructuring economic restructuring145投票权 voting power voting power146黄金份额 gold tranche gold tranche147备用(信贷)安排 standby arrangement standby arrangement148客户流动 customer mobility customer mobility149免税期 tax holiday tax holiday150合资企业 joint venture joint venture151绿地战略 the greenfield strategy the greenfield strategy152战略联合 the strategic alliance the strategic alliance153知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property154常务委员会 standing committee standing committee155证券交易所 stock exchange stock exchange156长期资本 long-term capital long-term capital157二级资本市场 secondary capital market secondary capital market158交易场地 market floor (trading floor)market floor (trading floor)159挂牌证券交易市场 listed market listed market160所得税 income tax income tax161平衡帐目 balance the books balance the books 公共部门借贷需求 the public sector borrowing requirement162163金边证券 gilt-edged stocks / securities gilt-edged stocks/securities164事业机构投资商 institutional investors institutional investors165期权 options options166套期保值 hedge hedge167具体事场 particular market area particular market area168普惠制 generalized system of preferences generalized system of preferences 169关税减让 tariff concession tariff concession170制度力量 institutional strength institutional strength171反贴补措施 counter-veiling measures counter-veiling measures172反倾销 anti-dumping anti-dumping173国民待遇 national treatment national treatment174关税配额 tariff quota tariff quota175充分就业 full employment full employment176公平贸易 fair trade fair trade177贸易条款 term of trade term of trade178免责条款 escape clauses escape clauses179行动纲领 action programme action programme180联合国大会 united nations general assembly united nations general assembly 181较不发达国家 less-developed countries less-developed countries182无差别待遇 non-discrimination principle non-discrimination principle183差别待遇 differential treatment differential treatment184贸易条件 terms of trade terms of trade185186特惠税 preferential customs tariffs preferential customs tariffs 187技术转让 transfer of technology transfer of technology188金融市场 financial market financial market189中期贷款 extended fund facility extended fund facility190双边谈判 bilateral negotiation bilateral negotiation191特约条款 special clause special clause192董事会 board of directors board of directors193生产方式 production approach production approach194可保利益 insurable interest insurable interest195缓冲库存贷款 buffer stock financing facility buffer stock financing facility 196跨国公司母公司 parent MNC parent MNC197记帐交易 open credit open credit198滚装滚卸范畴运输 roll-on and roll-off traffic roll-on and roll-off traffic199规模经济 economies of scale economies of scale200有价保单 valued policy valued policy201从量税 specific duty specific duty202业务范围 business line business line203基础设施 capital infrastructure capital infrastructure204布雷顿森林会议 the Bretton woods convention the Bretton woods convention 205保证金 margin margin206统一关税制度 uniform tariff system uniform tariff system207208209210211212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224电子数据交换EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)购买力平价PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)增值税VAT (value added tax)国际经济新秩序 new international economic order石油输出国组织OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations)北美自由贸易协定NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)多边投资担保机构MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)经济及社会理事会ECOSOC (economic social council)国际开发协会IDA (International Development Association)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development)零库存 just-in-time delivery (JIT)自动出口限制VER (Voluntary Export Restriction)投资交易所RIE (Recognized Investment Exchange)国际复兴开发银行IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)国际金融公司IFC (International Finance Corporation)。

国际贸易商务英语一、商务：what time would be convenient for you?你看什么时间比较方便？I'd like to suggest a toast to our cooperation.我想建议为我们的合作干一杯。

Here is to our next project!为我们下一个项目干杯！would you please tell me when you are free?请问你什么时候有空？gald to have the opportunity of visting your ompany and I hope to conclude some business with you。

很高兴能有机会拜访贵公司，希望能与你们做成交易。

what I care about is the quality of the goods.我关心的是货物的质量。

please have a look at those samples.请给我看一下那些样品。

I'd like to know any business connections abroad.我想多了解一些你们公司。

I would be happy to supply samples and a price list for you.我很乐意提供样品和价格单给你。

can I have your price list?你能给我价格单吗？will you give us an indication of prices?你可以给我报一个指示性的价格吗？I am in charge of export business.我负责出口生意。

I'm thinking of ordering some of your goods.我正考虑向你们订货。

what about the prices?那价格方面怎么样？Let's call it a deal.好，成交！our product is the best seller.我们的产品最畅销。

1.国际贸易一般指不同国家当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素。

因而比国内贸易要复杂的多。

International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves mort factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。

因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展，又有益于个人的进步With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同，承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。

Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。

International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国际市场的一种方式Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are some times taken as a means of entering a foreign market.（二）1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念，区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。

国际商务英语贸易术语：1.EXW （Ex Work）工厂交货2.FCA （Free Carrier）货交承运人3.FAS （Free Alongside Ship）船边交货4.FOB （Free On Board）船上交货5.CFR （Cost and Freight）成本加运费6.CIF （Cost Insurance and Freight）成本、保险和运费7.CPT（Carriage Paid to）运费付至8.CIP（Carriage Insurance Paid to）运费、保险费付至9.DAF（Delivered At Frontier）边境交货10.DES（Delivered Ex Ship）目的港船上交货11.DEQ（Delivered Ex Quay）目的港码头交货12.DDU（Delivered Duty Unpaid）未完税交货13.DDP（Delivered Duty Paid）完税后交货mercial Councilor’s Office 商务参赞处15.consignor 委托人、发货人、寄售人16.consignee 受托人、收货人、承售人17.firm 商号、商店、公司18.corporation 公司商会19.private-owned corporation 私有公司20.nonprofit corporation 非营利公司21.public corporation（state-operated corporation）国有公司22.limited liability company （股份）有限公司23.agent 代理人agency 代理代理权sole distributor 独家经销代理sole distributorship 独家经销代理权distributor 经销人distributorship 经销权24.duplicate 副本25.in duplicate 一式两份26.in triplicate 一式三份27.stipulation 规定28.rule 法则w 法律30.term 条款31.cash on delivery 货到付款（缩写C.O.D）32.m/t 公吨33.The sight L/C 即期信用证34.The usance L/C 远期信用证35.The revocable L/C 可撤销信用证36.The irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证37.partical shipment（s）分批装运38.Transshipment 转船39.Liner 定期班轮40.Tramp 不定期货轮41.Fragile 易碎42.Easy to Be Damaged 易损43.Easy to Be Deteriorated 易变质44.Inflammable易燃、Explosive 易爆、Poisonous有毒45.。

国际商务英语一、汉译英1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。

International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.2、有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品，出口或进口到另一国消费或转售。

Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.3、外国直接投资，简称FDI。

投资者通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。

Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.4、国民生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。

GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.5、日本和中国是重要贸易伙伴，两国经济互补，又是一衣带水的近邻。

中日贸易关系对两国都有重要的意义。

With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.6、加拿大和美国有很长的共同边境，而且大部分加拿大居民居住在边境地区。

《2000通则》中共有13种贸易术语，其中最主要的贸易术语是 FOB、CIF、CFR、FCA、CPT、CIP，前3种贸易术语是国际贸易中最常用的，仅适用于海洋运输和内河运输；后3种是根据前3种发展而来的，适用于各种运输方式。

(一)FOB1．FOB的含义FOB(Free on Board…named port of shipment)——装运港船上交货(……指定装运港)，是指卖方必须在合同规定的装运期内在指定的装运港将货物交至买方指定的船上，并负担货物越过船弦为止的一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的风险。

本术语只适用于海洋运输和内河运输。

2．买卖双方的责任划分表13—2 FOB术语买卖双方责任划分一览表 分类卖 方买 方 常规 责任 1．负责在规定时间，在指定的装运港按该港习惯方式将货交至指定的船上，并给予买方充分的通知；2．在需要办理海关手续时，负责办理出口手续，1．收取按合同规定交付的货物并负责按合同规定支付货物价款；2．在需要办理海关手续时，负责办理进口手续，取得进口许可证或其他官方许可；3．接受有关单据。

取得出口许可证或其他官方许可；3．负责提供交货凭证、运输单据或同等作用的电子讯息。

共同责任负担货物在装运港越过船舷前的一切费用和风险。

负担货物在装运港越过船舷后的一切费用和风险。

主要 责任 1．负责租船订舱，支付运费，并给予卖方关于船名、卖方的基本义务：办理出口清关手续，并负担货物越过装运港船舷以前的一切费用与风险。

在约定的装运期和装运港，把货物装到买方指定的船上，并及时向买方发出装船通知。

向买方提交约定的各项单证。

买方的基本义务：按时派船到约定的装运港接运货物，支付运费，并将船名和到港装货日期及时通知卖方。

承担货物越过装运港船舷时起的各种费用以及货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。

按合同规定付款赎单。

为便于记忆，FOB术语买卖双方的义务和责任归纳如表13-2。

3．FOB的变形以FOB条件买卖时，如果使用班轮运输，由于班轮一般管装管卸，一切费用都包括在运费之内，则装卸费用由支付运费的一方即买方负担。

Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.FDI外国直接投资: Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. / P.256.One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty Franchising特许经营: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.Management contract管理合同:Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all thedesigning, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Free trade area自由贸易区: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy.Customs union关税同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy./除Common market共同市场: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.Host country东道国: The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.…东道国：The country where an affiliate MNC locates.MNE跨国企业: Multinational enterprise: A typical multinational enterprise shall be defined as a business organization which owns (whether wholly or精品文库partly), controls and manages assets, often including productive resources, in more than one country, through its member companies incorporated separately in each of these countries. Each member company is known as a multinational corporation.International trade国际贸易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.Tariff关税: A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a custom area.Quota配额: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.Import duties进口关税: Tariffs levied on goods entering an areaExport duties出口关税: Taxes levied on goods le Drawback退税: Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.aving an area 对离境Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠国待遇: A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all siTariff barriers 关税壁垒: The traditional protectionism measuregnatories any tariff concessions granted to any Inquiry / enquiry询盘、询价: It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.Quotation报盘: Estimate of how much something will costCounter offer还盘: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offererparticipating country./A first enquiry首次询价: An enquiry sent to an exporter whom the importer has never dealt withA contract一个合同: An agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant partiesA firm offer实盘: is a promise to sell goods at a staBarter易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.Buyback回购贸易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.ted price.Draft汇票:= Bill of exchange. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.Drawer出票人: The person who draws the draft (usually the exporter)Drawee受票人: The person to whom the draft is drawn.Payee收款人、领款人: The person receiving the payment.Sight draft即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.Usance draft远期汇票=Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.Clean draft光票: The draft without documentsDocumentary draft跟单汇票: The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.Documentary collection跟单托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.Remittance 汇付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each otherApplicant (Opener or Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行: The bank that issues the creditBeneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is openedCorrespondent ban d往来行、关系行:The bank in the exporter’s country, which the opening bank sends the credit to itAdvising bank通知行: The bank in the exporter’s country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is精品文库received.Confirming bank保兑行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.The letter of Credit (L/C、L/C)信用证:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents.Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.Negotiating bank议付行: The bank buys the exporter’s draft submitted to it under a credit.Revocable credit可撤消信用证: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证: The credits can not be amended or revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned.Confirmed credit保兑信用证: The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank Sight credit即期信用证: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft and impeccable documents by the beneficiary to the bank.Usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用证:The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of afte Transferable credit可转让信用证: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.Non-transferable credit不可转让Non-draft credit无汇票信用证: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation（提示/陈述）of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.Revolving credit循环信用证: The credit stipulated（规定/保证）that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.The documentary credit跟单信用证: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.信用证: The credit can not be transferredr sight Commercial invoice商业发票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. The contents: Invoice number and the date; name and address of the buyer and the seller; contract number and credit number; description of the goods including name of the commodity, quantity, specifications, etc.; unit price, total price, price terms, and commission and discount if any; terms of delivery and terms of payment; packing, shipping marks, etc.; and seal or signature of the exporter.Packing list装箱单: The documents gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.Straight bill of lading记名提单: It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.Common carrier公共承运人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.Contract carrier契约承运人: Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company). Transportation and freight transportation运输和货物运输: In broad sense, transportation is defined as movement of freight and passengers from one location (place) to another. In a formal sense, freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business.Cargo insurance货物保险: It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.Marine insurance海上保险: The insurance of ships and their cargoes.Insurance保险: It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.Indemnity赔偿原则: It holds that a contract of精品文库insurance is one, which restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was before the loss occurred.Insurable interest可保利益: It holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest in it.Principle of utmost good faith最大诚信原则：The people who decide what premium is fair for a particular cover do so on the basis of written statements made in a proposal form.Contribution分摊原则: It holds that a person cannot be allowed to insure twice for the same risk, and claim compensation from both insurers.Proximate cause of the loss近因原则（导致损失的直接原因）: It means that when an insurance policy is made out to cover a certain risk, a claim becomes payable only if that risk occurred as the proximate (closest) cause of the loss suffered.Force majeure不可抗力: Social or Direct quote / quotation（汇率）直接标价: A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency.Indirect quote / quotation（汇率）间接标价: An indirect exchange rate is the price of home currency in terms of a foreign currency.Buying rate买入价: It refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a currency.Selling rate卖出价: It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency.natural calamities that take place beyond Quota of IMF份额: The deposit paid by each member to the IMF.SDR特别提款权: Special Drawing Right. It is sometimes called paper gold and used to settle official transaction at the IMF.t he control of a contraction partyGreenfield strategy绿地战略: The firm builds new facilities on land bought or leased in a foreign country before starting its new operation.Most-favored nation treatment最惠国: A treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country.GSP普惠制Generalized System of Preferences: Under the system, developed countries grant developing countries favorable lower tariffs without granting them to developed members. And the developing countries do not have to reciprocate such favorable treatment to the developed countries. So the GSP is an important exception to the non-discrimination principle of MFN.。

ship from商务英语全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：ship from商务英语是指在商务交易中的一种发货方式，即由卖方通过船运将货物发往买方所在地的一种方式。

在国际贸易中，ship from商务英语是非常常见的一种运输方式，尤其是在跨国贸易中更是被广泛应用。

下面我们就来详细了解一下ship from商务英语的相关知识。

对于ship from商务英语中的相关术语，还有一些需要了解的内容。

FOB（Free on Board）是国际贸易中常用的术语，表示卖方将货物交付给装运船公司后所产生的所有费用和风险由卖方承担，直到货物穿过船舷为止。

CIF（Cost, Insurance and Freight）是另一种常见的国际贸易术语，表示卖方负责将货物送达目的港口并承担货物在运输途中的运费和保险费。

对于ship from商务英语的重要性，可以说是非常重要的。

在国际贸易中，货物的运输方式直接影响着交易的成本和效率。

选择合适的运输方式和合作的物流公司对于双方都是非常有利的。

通过ship from 商务英语的应用，可以确保货物按时、按量到达目的地，有利于双方建立长期而稳定的合作关系。

ship from商务英语在国际贸易中扮演着非常重要的角色。

掌握这些相关知识可以帮助我们更好地理解和应用这种运输方式，从而提高商务交易的效率和顺利进行。

希望以上内容能够帮助大家更加深入地了解ship from商务英语，为国际贸易中的交易提供更好的支持和指导。

第二篇示例：Ship from商务英语是指国际贸易中涉及到货物从供应商所在国家或地区发出运往目的国家或地区的一种贸易方式。

在这种贸易过程中，卖方或供应商要负责货物从出发国到目的国的运输，包括物流、海运、空运等环节。

ship from商务英语是国际贸易中非常重要的一部分，涉及到多方合作和各种交流。

在ship from商务英语中，流程包括以下几步骤：1. 询盘：买方在需要货物的时候向卖方发送询价单或询盘，询问货物的价格、数量、交货期等细节。

商务英语专业的国际贸易知识学习在当今全球化的商业环境下，国际贸易已成为各国经济发展的重要推动力。

因此，学习商务英语专业的国际贸易知识对于未来从事相关行业的人士来说至关重要。

本文将介绍商务英语专业的国际贸易知识学习的重要性及其学习方法。

一、商务英语专业国际贸易知识的重要性商务英语专业的国际贸易知识对于从事国际贸易工作的人士具有重要意义。

首先，国际贸易涉及到不同国家、不同文化及不同语言的交流。

学习商务英语专业可以帮助人们掌握与国际合作伙伴进行有效沟通的技巧，减少沟通误解，提高谈判能力。

其次，商务英语专业的学习使人们能够掌握国际贸易相关的专业术语和用语，有助于进行商务合同的拟定和撰写。

这对于确保合同的准确性和合法性，避免风险和纠纷的发生至关重要。

最后，商务英语专业的国际贸易知识学习还可以帮助人们了解国际贸易的相关法律法规，了解国际贸易惯例和标准。

这有助于从事国际贸易工作的人们遵守相关的法律规定，确保贸易活动的合规性。

二、商务英语专业国际贸易知识的学习方法1. 基础知识学习：首先，学习者需要掌握基本的商务英语词汇和常用表达。

这包括与国际贸易相关的词汇、短语和商务谈判的技巧等。

学习者可以通过阅读商业英语教材、参加商务英语培训班等方式进行基础知识学习。

2. 实践操作：除了理论知识的学习，实践操作也是学习商务英语专业国际贸易知识的重要方法。

学习者可以通过参与模拟商务谈判、实地考察、展会交流等方式，将所学知识应用于实际情境中，提升实际应对能力。

3. 多媒体资源利用：学习者可以利用多媒体资源，如英语新闻、商务讲座、在线商务英语学习平台等，获取实时的商务英语信息，了解最新的贸易动态和经验分享。

这有助于学习者与实际工作紧密结合，不断提高自身的国际贸易能力。

4. 与国际合作伙伴交流：与国际合作伙伴交流是学习商务英语专业国际贸易知识的重要途径之一。

学习者可以参加国际贸易交流会议、商务考察团等活动，与来自不同国家和行业的商务人士进行交流和合作。