1.Unit 61. Antonomasia(换称)Those ad campaigns celebrating the Big Apple...2. Alliteration(头韵)while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California.3. Metonymy(转喻)1)Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood.2)New York was never Mecca to me.3) Wall Street will advance the millions to make a Hollywood movie only if convinced that bestselling title or a star name will ensure its success.4. Parallelism(排比)1)New York is about energy, contention, and striving.it is also about mockery, the put-down the losers shrug.. It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdrivers or a clerk's or a waiters attention, for a foothold, a chance,a better address, a larger billing.2).. art itself isles sharply defined, and those whose paintings don't sell do illustrations those who cant- acting jobs do commercials; those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines.5. Antithesis(对照)To win in New York is to be uneasy to lose iy to live in jostling proximity to the frustrat majority.6.Personification(拟人)1)Nature constantly yields to/man in New York: witness those fragile sidewalk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes.2)Characteristically, the city wallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously regarding it as an unworkable.mixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical.7. A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge. —paregmenon8.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet9.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor10.The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.(Euphemism)2.Unit 31.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.2) .. those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.3) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.4)And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.5)..we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield f the new and the weak.6)And if A beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.7)The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world2.Antithesis（对照）A)United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture Divided, there is little we can do.2)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.And So, my fellow Americans; ask not what your country can do for you;ask you can dofor your country.3.Parallelism（排比）1)..that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by hard and biter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, andunwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed.2)Together let us explore the stars, conquer the-deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3) .. a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.4.Repetition（重复）1).. symbolizing an end As well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.2)For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.3)Let us never negotiate gut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate:4).. and bring the absolute)power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.5.Alliteration（头韵）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike...2)... whether it wishes us well or ill. that we shall pay any price bear any burden...,3)... both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...4)...ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.6.Rhyme（尾韵）...whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden ..7.Synecdoche（提喻）...both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...8.Climax（渐升）All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.3.Unit 41.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays unfettered the informal essay with his memorable "Old China"and "Dream's Children".2)There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb's frontier.3)Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.4)In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open.5) First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif t a bakery window.6)Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater pf her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.7)The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it.8)He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.9)The rat!2.Simile（明喻）I)My brain was as powerful a dynamo. as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalper.2)Petey lay snoring in his bed, the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet.3)It was like digging a tunnel.4)I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull.3.Hyperbole（夸张）1)My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.2)It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect3)You are the whole world to me and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.4)I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.4.Metonymy（转喻）1).. but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.2)Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.3)You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.5.Antithesis（对照）1)It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.2)Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.3)If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force4) Look at me -a brilliant student. a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey -a knot head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.6.Transferred Epithet（移就）I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.7.Understatement（低调陈述）This loomed as a project of no small dimensions.8.Synecdoche（提喻）There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.9.Allusion（引喻）1) Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine.2)I was not Pygmalion: I was Frankenstein.4.Unit 21.Simile（明喻）1).. and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.2)Huge areas which were once covered with forest have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick.3) Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls...2．Hyperbole（夸张）1)A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.2) ..so black that sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins.3.Transferred Epithet（移就）Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was 4 frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette.4.Synecdoche（提喻）1)Still, A- white skin is always fairly conspicuous.2)This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.5.Understatement（低调陈述）I am not commenting, merely pointing a fact.6.Onomatopoeia（拟声）winding up the road with a clumping of boots ad a clatter of iron wheels.7.Rhetorical Question（修辞疑问句）1)Are they really the same flesh as your self ?Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff about as individual as bees or coral insects?2)How much longer can we go on kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?5.Unit 3。
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