加拿大消费品法案

CCPSA认证标准是指加拿大消费品安全法案（Canada Consumer Product Safety Act, CCPSA）中规定的安全标准。

CCPSA是一项加拿大的联邦法律，旨在保护消费者免受不安全消费品的风险。

该法案涵盖了各种消费品，包括玩具、电子产品、家具、化学品等，并规定了这些产品必须符合的安全要求。

CCPSA认证标准的主要内容包括：
1. 机械和物理性能：玩具的结构和组件在正常使用和可预见的滥用情况下应保持完好无损，不会对儿童造成伤害。

例如，玩具的边缘和突出部分不能过于锋利或尖锐。

2. 化学成分：玩具中使用的材料和涂料不应含有对人体有害的化学物质，且在正常使用和可预见的滥用情况下都不会释放出有害物质。

例如，玩具的涂层不能含有重金属。

3. 电气性能：涉及电气玩具的安全性能，包括电压、电流、绝缘等。

4. 标识要求：产品上应包含必要的安全信息、合规性标记、使用说明等。

5. 其他特定要求：例如，针对儿童用品的邻苯二甲酸盐（PHthalates）限制、含铅消费品限制、游戏围栏、表面涂层材料等。

要符合CCPSA认证标准，生产商和进口商需要确保他们的产品满足所有相关法规的要求。

chpa标准
CHPA标准是加拿大针对消费品安全的一项法规，全称为加拿大消费品安全法案（Consumer Product Safety Act）。

该标准对消费品的安全性做出了规定，要求制造商、进口商和分销商确保其销售的消费品符合相关标准和规定。

CHPA标准涵盖了广泛的消费品，包括玩具、儿童用品、家用电器、家具、服装、化妆品等。

该标准要求制造商和进口商对其产品进行测试，以确保符合相关标准和规定，并要求在产品上加贴CHPA标签，以向消费者表明该产品符合加拿大的安全标准。

CHPA标准的测试要求包括电危害、窒息危害、毒性危害、发热危害、机械危害等，以及对特殊产品的特定要求，如洋娃娃、毛绒玩具和柔软的玩具、推拉玩具、用手指敷的水彩颜料、摇铃、弹性绳、电池和化妆玩具等。

在CHPA标准中，对某些有毒物质如铅、汞、锑、砷、钡、镉或硒等元素的可迁移量做出了限制。

例如，铅的限量为600mg/kg，汞不得含有任何，其他有毒元素如锑、砷、钡、镉或硒的迁移量不能超过%。

总的来说，CHPA标准是加拿大对消费品安全的一项重要法规，旨在保护消费者的权益和安全。

制造商和进口商必须确保其产品符合该标准的要求，并在产品上加贴CHPA标签，以向消费者表明该产品的安全性。

BackgroundBill C-36, also known as the CCPSA, is proposed legislation that was introduced bythe Government of Canada on June 9, 2010. The proposed CCPSA would replace Part Iand Schedule I to the HPA (dealing with consumer products) and introduce a newlegislative regime.An objective of the new legislation is to modernize and strengthen product safety laws by overhauling existing rules to further protect the health and safety of Canadians. The proposed CCPSA would enhance the federal government’s ability to take action when consumer products pose, or are likely to pose, an unreasonable danger to human health or safety. Additionally, the proposed CCPSA would give the Government the power to order recalls on products that are found to be unsafe.The HPA currently consists of three Parts. Part I of the HPA deals with consumer products.Part I references Schedule I which consists of two Parts (i.e., Schedule I, Part I and Schedule I, Part II). Part II of the HPA deals with the Controlled Products Regulations and Ingredient Disclosure List. They set out the supplier label and material safety data sheet requirements for the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System in Canada. Part III of the HPA deals with administration and enforcement. It is important to note that Part II and Part III of the HPA would not be affected if the CCPSA came into force. Parts II and III would remain unaltered and in effect.Certain Prohibitions and Regulations would be Transferred from the HPA to the CCPSAPart I of Schedule I to the HPA itemizes prohibited products (completely prohibited or prohibited with conditions). For example:•Baby walkers are prohibited under all conditions and are not allowed to be imported, sold, or advertised in Canada.•Toys are prohibited if certain conditions are not met. For example, if a toy contains excessive levels of lead or emits a sound over 100 decibels, it is prohibited under the HPA.Part II of Schedule I to the HPA itemizes products for which there are restrictions. These products are referred to as regulated products, and each regulation has specific requirements.The proposed CCPSA contains a list of prohibited products (Schedule 2); however, the proposed CCPSA does not have a list of regulated products.If the CCPSA comes into force, the Items (consumer products) listed in Parts I and II of Schedule I to the HPA would be repealed. Under the proposed CCPSA, most of these Items would be addressed as follows:Prohibited Items (Part I of Schedule I to the HPA)Thirty-one prohibited Items under Part I of Schedule I to the HPA would either be prohibited or regulated under the CCPSA, and these Items would be:1.Listed on Schedule 2 of the CCPSA;2.Incorporated into an existing Regulation via a regulatory amendment;3.Incorporated into Regulations that would repeal and replace Regulations; or4.Prescribed in new Regulations if there were no existing Regulations.Two prohibited Items under Part I of Schedule I to the HPA would not be transferred to the CCPSA (see explanation below).Restricted (Regulated) Items (Part II of Schedule I to the HPA)The 36 regulated Items under Part II of Schedule I to the HPA would still be regulated under the CCPSA (note that some Regulations address multiple restricted Items):1.20 product-specific Regulations would be transferred without amendments pursuantto paragraph 44(g) of the Interpretation Act.2.Two product-specific Regulations would be amended to ensure the requirements andprohibitions would continue to apply under the CCPSA.In addition, the Department would be making amendments to two Regulations to address recommendations made by the Standing Joint Committee for the Scrutiny of Regulations to ensure inconsistencies between the English and French text and other non-substantive issues in the Regulations are corrected.For further details on the regulatory activities taking place, please see Annex 2. For further details on how the Items from Parts I and II of Schedule I to the HPA would be regulated or prohibited under the proposed CCPSA, please see Annexes 3 and 4.Prohibited Items from Part I of Schedule I to the HPA that would not be Transferred to the CCPSAFor the reasons described below, it should be noted that the following two Items from Part I of Schedule I to the HPA would not be transferred to the CCPSA:1)Item 36: Any mechanism that resembles or is intended to resemble a “clock-bomb” Item 36 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA would not be transferred to the CCPSA because the product in itself is not and will not likely be a danger to the health and safety of the public. Any danger that may arise from these mechanisms is due to their illegal use, and the use or misuse of these products is a matter more closely associated with regulating peace and order. The criminal use of imitation bombs or replica explosive devices is currently prohibited under the Criminal Code.2)Item 41: Cigarettes that do not meet certain flammability standardsItem 41 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA would not be transferred to the CCPSA because this prohibition is currently regulated under the Cigarette Ignition Propensity Regulations made under the Tobacco Act. However, subsection 4(2) of the proposed CCPSA would recognize that cigarette ignition propensity can be regulated under the Act.ContactFor more information, please contact Consumer Product Safety at CCPSA-LCSPC@hc-sc.gc.ca. References•Bill C-36 – proposed Canada Consumer Product Safety Act(www.hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/legislation/acts-lois/ccpsa-lcspc/index-eng.php) •Hazardous Products Act (http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/H-3/index.html)•Interpretation Act (http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/I-21/index.html)Annex 2: Details on the Regulatory ActivitiesThe Regulations outlined below are classified as follows:•Incorporation of prohibited Items into amended Regulations.•Incorporation of prohibited Items into Regulations that would repeal and replace existing Regulations.•Prescription of prohibited Items in new Regulations.•Continuation of requirements and prohibitions respecting restricted Items in amended Regulations.See Table 1 for a summary of the regulatory activity or activities associated with each of the Regulations listed below.Incorporation of Prohibited Items: Amended Regulations1.Surface Coating Materials RegulationsThese Regulations would be amended by adding to them Items 2 and 18 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA in order to continue regulating lead limits in surface coatings on furniture and other articles for children, and pencils and artists’ brushes under the CCPSA.Incorporation of Prohibited Items: Regulations that would Repeal and Replace Existing Regulations1.Children’s Sleepwear RegulationsThe intent is to repeal the Hazardous Products (Children’s Sleepwear) Regulations and replace them with the Children’s Sleepwear Regulations. The Children’s Sleepwear Regulations would include the requirements of the repealed Regulations and would also include Item 5 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA in order to continue regulating all flammability requirements for children’s sleepwear under the CCPSA.2.Restraint Systems and Booster Seats for Motor Vehicles RegulationsThe intent is to repeal the Hazardous Products (Child Restraint Systems) Regulations and the Hazardous Products (Booster Cushions) Regulations and replace them with the Restraint Systems and Booster Seats for Motor Vehicles Regulations. The Restraint Systems and Booster Seats for Motor Vehicles Regulations would include the requirements of both repealed Regulations and would also include Item 35 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA in order to continue regulating car seats and other vehicle child-restraint systems under the CCPSA.3.Toys RegulationsThe intent is to repeal the Hazardous Products (Toys) Regulations and replace them with the Toys Regulations. The Toys Regulations would include the requirements of the repealed Regulations and would also include Items 3, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 21 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA in order to continue regulating the safety of toys under the CCPSA. The Toys Regulations would also include changes to improve clarity and to correct inconsistencies in the English and the French text and other errors as requested by the Standing Joint Committee for the Scrutiny of Regulations.Prescription of Prohibited Items: New Regulations1.Candles RegulationsThese Regulations would be made from Item 29 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA which prohibits spontaneously reigniting candles (i.e., joke relight candles).2.Children’s Jewellery RegulationsThese Regulations would be made from Item 42 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA and would continue to limit the amount of lead permitted in children’s jewellery to 600 mg/kg total lead and 90 mg/kg of migratable lead.3.Face Protectors for Ice Hockey and Box Lacrosse Players RegulationsThese Regulations would be made from Item 20 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA. These Regulations would continue to reference the Canadian Standards Association standard.4. Ice Hockey Helmet RegulationsThese Regulations would be made from Item 19 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA. These Regulations would continue to reference the Canadian Standards Association standard.5.Textile Flammability RegulationsThese Regulations would be created from Items 4 and 13 of Part I of Schedule I to the HPA in order to continue regulating the flammability of general textiles (e.g., curtains) and bedding under the CCPSA.Continuation of Requirements and Prohibitions Respecting Restricted Items:Amended Regulations1.Asbestos Products RegulationsCurrently, under the HPA structure, the following non-crocidolite asbestos productsare prohibited in section 3 of the Regulations:•an asbestos product for use in modeling or sculpture;•an asbestos product for use in simulating ashes or embers; and• a consumer product that is composed entirely of asbestos.Replacing section 2 and amending section 3 of the Regulations would maintain these prohibitions. In addition, amendments to sections 4 and 5 of the Regulations wouldbe made to maintain the authorization of the advertisement, sale or importation ofcertain crocidolite asbestos products. Amendments would also be made to improveclarity and correct inconsistencies and other various errors in the English and Frenchtext of the Regulations as requested by the Standing Joint Committee for the Scrutinyof Regulations.2.Consumer Chemicals and Containers Regulations, 2001The wording of these Regulations would need to be amended to maintain the same prohibitions of chemical products and containers if moving from the HPA to the CCPSA. In order to maintain the prohibitions, section 2 would need to be replaced, section 38 would need to be re-introduced, and sections 45 and 53 would need to be replaced.It is important to note that these regulatory activities would not result in any new regulatory requirements for industry. These activities would be undertaken to maintain the existing level of protection and safety to consumers.Table 1: Summary of Regulatory ActivitiesRegulations IncorporatingItems from theHPAAmendmentsforConsistencywith theCCPSACorrectingInconsistenciesin TextIncorporation of Prohibited Items: Amended RegulationsSurface CoatingMaterials RegulationsxIncorporation of Prohibited Items: Regulations that would Repeal and ReplaceChildren’s SleepwearRegulationsxRestraint Systems andBooster Seats for MotorVehicles RegulationsxToys Regulations x x Prescription of Prohibited Items: New RegulationsCandles Regulations xChildren’s JewelleryRegulationsxFace Protectors for IceHockey and Box LacrossePlayers RegulationsxRegulations IncorporatingItems from theHPAAmendmentsforConsistencywith theCCPSACorrectingInconsistenciesin TextIce Hockey HelmetsRegulationsxTextile FlammabilityRegulationsxContinuation of Requirements and Prohibitions Respecting Restricted Items: Amended RegulationsAsbestos ProductsRegulationsx xConsumer Chemicals andContainers Regulations,2001xAnnex 3: Crosswalk of the Transfer of Items from Part I of Schedule I to the Hazardous Products Act to the proposed Canada Consumer Product Safety ActItem Part I of Schedule I to the Hazardous Products Act Canada Consumer Product Safety Act1 Jequirity beans (abrus precatorius) or any substance or articlemade from or including jequirity beans in whole or in part.Schedule 2, Item 12 Furniture and other articles for children that are painted with asurface coating material that contains lead compounds ofwhich the total lead content is more than 600 mg/kg. Incorporated in the Surface Coating Materials Regulations3 Yo-yo type balls and similar products made of a soft andpliable material and consisting of at least a ball or an object ofany other shape that is attached to a stretchable cord, whetheror not of the same material, that is capable of extending to atleast 500 mm in length. Incorporated in the Toys Regulations4 Products that are made in whole or in part of textile fibres –other than products included in items 5 and 13 of this Partand items 14, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31.1, 32, 40 and 46 of Part IIof this schedule – and that, when tested in accordancewith the Canadian General Standards Board standardCAN/CGSB 4.2 NO. 27.5-94 entitled Textile Test Methods –Flame Resistance – 45° Angle Test – One Second FlameImpingement, as amended from time to time, have a time offlame spread of either of the following:(a) 3.5 seconds or less, if the product does not have a raisedfibre surface; or(b) 4 seconds or less, if the product has a raised fibre surfaceand exhibits ignition or fusion of its base fibres. Prescribed in the Textile Flammability Regulations (new)5 Children’s sleepwear – other than products included initem 40 of Part II of this schedule – in sizes up to andincluding size 14X that, when tested in accordance withthe Canadian General Standards Board standard CAN/CGSB 4.2 NO. 27.5-94 entitled Textile Test Methods –Flame Resistance – 45° Angle Test – One Second FlameImpingement, as amended from time to time, have a timeof flame spread of 7 seconds or less. Incorporated in the Children’s Sleepwear Regulations6 Spectacle frames that, in whole or in part, are made of orcontain cellulose nitrate.Schedule 2, Item 27 Toys, equipment and other products for use by a child inlearning or play that are, in whole or in part, made of orimpregnated with celluloid or cellulose nitrate, other thanPing Pong balls. Incorporated in the Toys Regulations8 Toys, equipment and other products for use by a child inlearning or play that contain any of the following substances:(a)carbon tetrachloride or any substance containing carbontetrachloride,(b)methyl alcohol or any substance containing more than1 per cent weight to volume of methyl alcohol,(c)petroleum distillates or any substance containing more than10 per cent weight to volume of petroleum distillates,(d)benzene,(e)turpentine or any substance containing more than10 per cent weight to volume turpentine,(f)boric acid or salts of boric acid, or(g)ethyl ether,where the substance can, under reasonably foreseeablecircumstances, become accessible to a child or where thesubstance is a filling that may be released on breakage orleakage. Incorporated in the Toys Regulations9 Toys, equipment and other products for use by a child inlearning or play that have had a surface coating materialapplied to them that contains any of the following substances:(a)[Repealed, SOR/2005–110, s. 2](b)total lead in excess of 600 mg/kg;(c)any compound of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, seleniumor barium introduced as such if more than 0.1 per cent ofsuch compound dissolves in five per cent hydrochloricacid after stirring for ten minutes at 20o C; or(d)any compound of mercury introduced as such. Incorporated in the Toys Regulations10 Toys, equipment and other products for use by a child inlearning or play that(a)make or emit noise exceeding one hundred decibelsmeasured at the distance that the product ordinarilywould be from the ear of the child using it;(b)contain plant seeds as pellets for making noise, where theproduct is intended for use by a child of less than threeyears of age; or(c)contain plant seeds as stuffing material. Incorporated in the Toys Regulations11 Kite strings made of a material that is a conductor ofelectricity.Schedule 2, Item 912 Baby walkers that are mounted on wheels or any other devicepermitting movement of the walker and that have an enclosedarea supporting the baby in a sitting or standing position sothat their feet touch the floor, thereby enabling the horizontalmovement of the walker.Schedule 2, Item 313 Bedding, except mattresses, that is made in whole or in part oftextile fibres and that, when tested in accordance with theCanadian General Standards Board standard CAN/CGSB 4.2NO. 27.5-94 entitled Textile Test Methods – Flame Resistance– 45° Angle Test – One Second Flame Impingement, asamended from time to time, has a time of flame spread of7 seconds or less, if the bedding either(a)does not have a raised fibre surface; or(b)has a raised fibre surface and exhibits ignition or fusionof its base fibres. Prescribed in the Textile Flammability Regulations (new)14 Products for babies, including teethers, soothers and pacifiers,that are put in the mouth when used and that contain a fillingthat has in it a viable micro-organism.Schedule 2, Item 415 Structural devices that position feeding bottles to enablebabies to feed themselves therefrom while unattended.Schedule 2, Item 516 Polycarbonate baby bottles that contain4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol (bisphenol A).Schedule 2, Item 1517 [Repealed, SOR/2009-109, s. 1] Not Applicable18 Pencils and artists’ brushes that have had a surface coatingmaterial applied to them that contains more than 600 mg/kg oftotal lead. Incorporated in the Surface Coating Materials Regulations19 Ice hockey helmets that do not meet the requirements ofCanadian Standards Association standard CAN/CSA-Z262.1-M90, entitled Ice Hockey Helmets, as amended from timeto time. Prescribed in the Ice Hockey Helmet Regulations (new)20 Products for protecting the face of ice hockey and boxlacrosse players that do not meet the requirements of StandardCAN 3-Z262.2-M78, Face Protectors for Ice Hockey and BoxLacrosse Players, a standard of the Canadian StandardsAssociation, published in English in December, 1978 and inFrench in June, 1979. Prescribed in the Face Protectors for Ice Hockey and Box Lacrosse Players Regulations (new)21 Toys, equipment and other products for use in blowingballoons by a child that contain any aromatic, aliphatic or anyother organic solvent, which solvent or any vapour therefrommay, during or as a result of the normal use of the product, bereleased directly into the mouth. Incorporated in the Toys Regulations22 [Deleted, SOR/2001-270, s. 3] Not Applicable23 Disposable metal containers that contain a pressurizing fluidcomposed in whole or in part of vinyl chloride and that aredesigned to release pressurized contents by the use of amanually operated valve that forms an integral part of thecontainer.Schedule 2, Item 624 [Deleted, SOR/93-235, s. 2] Not Applicable25 [Deleted, SOR/2001-270, s. 4] Not Applicable26 Liquids containing polychlorinated biphenyls for use inmicroscopy, including immersion oils but not includingrefractive index oils.Schedule 2, Item 727 Kites that are, or contain any decorative or functional part orcomponent that is, made of uninsulated metal that(a)has a maximum linear dimension in excess of 150 mm(6 inches), or(b)is plated or otherwise coated with a conductive filmwhose maximum linear dimension exceeds 150 mm(6 inches),and that is separated from adjacent conductive areas by anon-conductive area of less than 50 mm (2 inches).Schedule 2, Item 8 28 [Repealed, SOR/2007-259, s. 2] Not Applicable29 Candles that are designed in such a manner that, when lightedand subsequently extinguished by any means, they re-ignitespontaneously. Prescribed in the Candles Regulations (new)30 Products made in whole or in part of textile fibres, intendedfor use as wearing apparel, that are treated with or contain tris(2,3 dibromopropyl) phosphate as a single substance or as partof a chemical compound.Schedule 2, Item 1031 Any substance used to induce sneezing, whether or not called“sneezing powder”, that contains(a)3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine (4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethoxybiphenyl) or any of its salts;(b)plant products derived from the genera Helleborus(hellebore), Veratrum album (white hellebore) orQuillaia (Panama Wood);(c)protoveratrine or veratrine; or(d)any isomer of nitrobenzaldehyde.Schedule 2, Item 1132 Cutting oils and cutting fluids, for use in lubricating andcooling the cutting area in machining operations, that containmore than 50 micrograms per gram of any nitrite, whenmonoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine is alsopresent.Schedule 2, Item 1233 [Repealed, SOR/2009-192, s. 1] Not Applicable34 Urea Formaldehyde based thermal insulation, foamed inplace, used to insulate buildings.Schedule 2, Item 1335 Devices for use in motor vehicles for the purpose ofrestraining infants, which devices do not meet therequirements of Schedule 4 to the Motor Vehicle RestraintSystems and Booster Cushions Safety Regulations. Incorporated in the Restraint Systems and Booster Seats for Motor Vehicles Regulations36 Any type of mechanism that(a)resembles or is intended to resemble a bomb;(b)is composed of a clock attached to or intended to beattached to an object that simulates an explosive, asdefined in the Explosives Act; and(c)is advertised, sold or imported as a consumer product.Not Transferred37 [Repealed, SOR/2007-259, s. 3] Not Applicable38 [Deleted, SOR/2001-270, s. 5] Not Applicable39 Lawn darts with elongated tips. Schedule 2, Item 1440 [Repealed, SOR/2007-259, s. 4] Not Applicable41 Cigarettes that, when tested in accordance with the method setout in the regulations, do not meet the requirements of theflammability standard set out in the regulations. Not transferred; however, section 4(2) recognizes that cigarette ignition propensity can be regulated underthe Act.42 Jewellery that is produced, sized, decorated, packaged,advertised or sold in a manner that appeals primarily to a childunder 15 years of age – except merit badges, medals forachievement or other similar objects normally wornonly occasionally – and that contains more than 600 mg/kg oftotal lead and more than 90 mg/kg of migratable lead, whentested using practices that are in accordance withthe principles set out in the Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development’s document entitled OECDPrinciples of Good Laboratory Practice, Number 1 of theOECD Series on Principles of Good Laboratory Practiceand Compliance Monitoring, ENV/MC/CHEM(98)17, theEnglish version of which is dated January 21, 1998 andthe French version of which is dated March 6, 1998. Prescribed in the Children’s Jewellery Regulations (new)Annex 4: Crosswalk of the Transfer of Items from Part II of Schedule I to the Hazardous Products Act to the proposed Canada Consumer Product Safety ActItem Part II of Schedule I to the Hazardous Products Act Canada Consumer Product Safety Act1 Chemical products as defined in the Consumer Chemicals andContainers Regulations, 2001. Consumer Chemicals and Containers Regulations, 20012 Containers as defined in the Consumer Chemicals andContainers Regulations, 2001. Consumer Chemicals and Containers Regulations, 20013 Glass doors and enclosures, as defined in the Glass Doors andEnclosures Regulations. Glass Doors and Enclosures Regulations4 Corded window covering products, as defined in the CordedWindow Covering Products Regulations. Corded Window Covering Products Regulations4.1 [Repealed, 1997, c. 13, s. 63] Not Applicable5 [Deleted, SOR/88-557, s. 2] Not Applicable6 to11[Repealed, SOR/2001-270, s. 6] Not Applicable 12 [Repealed, SOR/2008-89, s. 2] Not Applicable13 Toys, equipment and other products for use by a child in learningToys Regulations or play that(a)are packaged in flexible film bags;(b)are operated electrically;(c)are or are likely to be used by a child of less than three yearsof age and have a component that is separable;(d)have exposed metal edges;(e)have embedded in them a wire frame or structure;(f)are made, in whole or in part, of plastic that would, onbreaking, expose sharp edges;(g)have exposed wooden surfaces, edges or corners;(h)are made, in whole or in part, of glass;(i)have fasteners used in their construction;(j)have a folding mechanism, bracket or bracing;(k)contain, as an integral part, a spring-wound drivingmechanism capable of injuring a child’s finger, other thanconstruction toys;(l)contain a projectile component, other than a rocketrycomponent, capable of causing a puncture wound;(m)are so designed and constructed that theyi.are large enough for a child to enter or be placedtherein, andii.can be closed by a lid or door;(n)are stationary and intended to bear the weight of a child;(o)contain a surface, part or substance that during reasonablyforeseeable use will or may become heated;(p)contain a toxic substance other than a toxic substance namedin item 8 of Part I of this Schedule;(q)contain a corrosive substance, irritant or sensitizer; or(r)are or are likely to be used by a child of less than three yearsof age and are made of or contain any plastic material.14 Dolls, plush (raised fibre) toys and soft toys that haveToys Regulations(a) a fastening in them to attach parts, clothing orornamentation;(b)any stuffing in them;(c)eyes or a nose the greatest dimension of which is 32 mm(1 1/4 inches) or less;(d)an outer covering consisting in whole or in part of a flat orraised fibre textile material or natural fur;(e)exposed surfaces consisting in whole or in part of yarn ofspun staple or bulked continuous filament form;(f)hair or mane, or simulated hair or simulated mane, consistingof material other than yarn described in paragraph (e); or(g) a squeaker, reed, valve or similar device.15 Pull and push toys that have shaft-like handles that are 10 mm(3/8 inch) or less in diameter.Toys Regulations16 Toy steam engines. Toys Regulations17 Finger paints. Toys Regulations18 Rattles. Toys Regulations19 Elastics intended for attaching toys, equipment or other productsfor use by a child in learning or play across a baby carriage, cribor playpen.Toys Regulations20 Batteries for use in or with any toy, equipment or other productfor use by a child in learning or play.Toys Regulations20.1 Glazed ceramics and glassware, within the meaning of theGlazed Ceramics and Glassware Regulations. Glazed Ceramics and Glassware Regulations21 [Deleted, SOR/98-175, s. 2] Not Applicable22 Science education sets and their replacement chemicals asdefined in the Science Education Sets Regulations. Science Education Sets Regulations23 Matches. Hazardous Products(Matches)Regulations24 Charcoal for use in domestic cooking or heating. Hazardous Products(Charcoal)Regulations25 Standard cribs, portable cribs and cradles. Cribs and CradlesRegulations26 Playpens (play yards) for children. PlaypensRegulations27 Pacifiers and similar products for babies that are put in the mouthwhen used, except pacifiers described in item 14 of Part I of thisschedule. Hazardous Products (Pacifiers) Regulations28 Kettles for household use that release lead into water boiledtherein. Hazardous Products (Kettles) Regulations。

加拿大医疗器械法规来源: http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/F-27/SOR-98-282/129461.html最新版2004年4月30日食品和药品法案医疗器械规则P.C. 1998-783 1998.5.7他作为商讨中的主管,在卫生部长的建议下，按照食品和药品法案的3(3), 30(1) and 37(1)a部分, 据此制定了附属的医疗器械规则。

a S.C. 1993, c. 34, s. 73医疗器械规则定义1. 这部分名词适用这些规则。

"法案"指的是食品和药品法案.◆"有源医疗器械"，指的是一种依靠其产生的能量而不是由人体或重力形成的能量进行手术的医疗器械。

只是传输或收回而并没有充分的改变能量或来往于病人的物质的医疗器械不是活性器械.◆“有源诊断性医疗器械”，指的是一种有源的医疗器械，这种器械不管是单独使用还是和其他的器械配合使用，他的目的是为探测、监督、处理生理条件、健康状况、疾病或者先天缺陷提供信息.◆“有源治疗性医疗器械”，指的是一种有源的医疗器械，这种器械不管是单独使用还是和其他的器械配合使用，目的是支持、改善、替换、或恢复生理机能或结构，治疗或减轻疾病和损伤，减轻疾病和损伤的症状。

◆“条形码”象征通用产品的唯一代码，HIBCC和EAN分配医疗器械的条形码给生产商。

◆“身体气门”，指的是在人体内的自然开口或者永久性的人工开口，就像植物的气孔。

◆"中枢心血管系统"，指的是心脏, 心包膜,肺静脉,肺动脉, 心静脉,冠状动脉,颈动脉,脑动脉,头臂动脉,大动脉,上下腔静脉,肾动脉, 髂静脉，髂动脉和股动脉.◆"中枢神经系统" 指的是大脑, 脑膜, 脊髓和脑脊髓液.◆"封闭循环系统" 关于医疗设备，意味使设备感觉，解释和对待健康状况，不用人的干预的一个系统。

◆“可控数字”表示一系列独一无二的字母，数字，符号或它们的任意组合，是厂商对医疗器械的赋值，以便可测定器械的来历，如制造，包装，标签，单位分类，批量。

Fira法案。

trims协议影响？Fira法案将投资措施纳入到国际管制轨道的初步尝试，源自于GA TT专家组对FIRA案的裁决。

1974年，加拿大颁布了其《外国投资审查法》(Foreign Investment Review Act，FIRA)，要求加拿大政府对可能的外国投资和投资者进行审查，只有当该投资符合FIRA法案规定的基本标准，被认为对加拿大有重大利益时（可以增加加拿大的就业与出口，可以获得先进的技术），才可获得批准，如果投资者想获得更优惠的待遇，那么他们必须向加拿大做出书面承诺。

FIRA法案通过的目的就在于引导外国投资投向有利于加拿大经济和社会发展的领域，预防外资尤其是美国资本对加拿大经济的渗透和控制。

但FIRA法案的通过引起了美国的强烈不满，并最终于1982年向GA TT专家组提起了针对加拿大的诉讼。

美国的具体诉由是这样的：由于美国的苹果公司想在加拿大投资，它就不得不与加拿大政府事先达成三项承诺：1）购买承诺。

即苹果公司同意购买部分加拿大生产的零部件；2）生产承诺。

即苹果公司保证在产品中增加一定程度的加拿大价值，也就是说要采用部分加拿大产品，雇佣部分加拿大工人；3）出口承诺，即苹果公司要向全球的苹果经销商推荐加拿大生产的辅助设备。

美国认为，苹果公司的购买承诺和生产承诺违反了GA TT第3条第4款（国民待遇条款）；第3条第5款（当地成份条款）；而出口承诺违反了GA TT第11条第1款第3项（一般取消数量限制条款）。

在案件的审理中，专家组虽然否定了美国的许多诉由，但最终还是认定FIRA法案违反了GA TT第3条第4款（国民待遇条款）。

专家组认为，要求企业必须购买原产于加拿大的产品，将使从国外进口的类似产品处于不利地位，违反了国民待遇条款。

专家组对FIRA案的裁决给国际社会发出了三个明确的信号：1）购买承诺这种投资措施是违反GA TT义务的；2)东道国管理和引导外资的权力可能会因为违反GA TT而受到国际的约束；3）多边贸易体制同样可以插手投资问题。

加拿大经商不可不知的法律前言宪政体制加拿大是一个议会民主制国家。

其宪政体制源于英国的模式。

尽管伊丽莎白二世女王是加拿大的国家元首,但加拿大政府却是由全体公民通过民主的方式选举产生的。

由于加拿大是联邦制的国家,因此宪法规定立法权和行政管理权分别由联邦政府和十个省政府行使。

联邦政府和省政府都是分别由选民直接选举产生,这样，无论是联邦一级还是省一级政府,执政党经常出自于不同的政党。

联邦政府或省政府在某些领域拥有完全的管辖权。

在另一些领域,可能联邦政府和省级政府对同一事务有不同的管辖权。

另外,省政府把一些管理权限委托给市级政府行使。

因此一项商业活动有可能同时受联邦,省和市三级政府管辖,它还可能受行政部门的政策以及各级法院的管辖。

在大多数情况下,联邦议会的权限只涉及加拿大整体的问题立法,例如国际贸易，各省之间的贸易,国防,公民和移民事务，刑事法律,货币,知识产权，邮政，航天以及广播事业。

联邦议会也负责审议育空地区,努那伍特地区和西北地区的事物。

这些地区也享有一些自治权,并通过选举产生的区管委会管理本区的事务。

在某些地区，基于有关条约和协议，加拿大的原驻民行使有限的自治管理。

加拿大的十个省在私有财产,合同签署，自然资源，土地使用和计划，司法审判, 教育，卫生医疗和市政管理方面享有立法权并有权制定省级有关法律。

大多数涉及一般商业活动商务法律也由各省立法机构制定。

但是，加拿大各省这方面的法律规定在诸多方面和很大程度上都保持一致。

实际上，加拿大联邦和各省政府对涉及省一级的立法权限管辖的事务，通常以分担财政和权力代行的方式进行合作，从而创造出在全国范围内实施的共同机制。

例如，在医疗卫生方面设立有全国的标准并建立了联邦专款基金。

尽管各省根据宪法有权征收所得税，但是，除魁北克省外，其他各省都被授权为联邦政府征收所得税。

因此，有关所得税征收的规定和程序在加拿大全国范围相对来说是一致的。

加拿大的宪法包括«人权与自由宪章»,它规定了个人在和政府发生关系时的一些权利。

美国和加拿大相关法规要求1.辨别风险材料：材料危害+材料用途=风险材料。

2.特别注意phthalate(邻苯二甲酸盐)是一类广泛使用的增塑剂，对塑料起改性或软化作用，在塑料和油漆中普遍存在，重点关注PVC和油漆。

PC材料风险最高。

3.美国相关法规有：加州65，加州RoHS，CPSIA，ASTM F963，TPCH或CONEG包装材料法规，美国对于含铅产品的铅含量要求比较严格。

4.加拿大相关法规有：CCPSA，加拿大对所有含汞的产品要求比较严格。

5.建议加一个关于产品中有害物质含量的标签。

美国加州65提案：即《1986年饮用水安全与毒性物质强制执行法》，于1986年11月颁发，其宗旨是保护美国加州居民及该州的饮用水水源，使水源不含已知可能导致癌症、出生缺陷或其他生殖发育危害的物质，并在出现该类物质时如实通知居民。

涉及范围：几乎针对所有物品，目前管控900多种有害物质加州RoHS:RoHS是由欧盟立法制定的一项强制性标准，它的全称是《关于限制在电子电器设备中使用某些有害成分的指令》(Restriction of Hazardous Substances)。

该标准已于2006年7月1日开始正式实施，主要用于规范电子电气产品的材料及工艺标准，使之更加有利于人体健康及环境保护。

该标准的目的在于消除电机电子产品中的铅、汞、镉、六价铬、多溴联苯和多溴二苯醚(注意:PBDE正确的中文名称是指多溴二苯醚，多溴联苯醚是错误的说法)共6项物质，并重点规定了铅的含量不能超过0.1%。

涉及产品：主要包括:日常家电，如电冰箱，洗衣机，微波炉，空调，吸尘器，热水器等;和家电，如音频、视频产品，DVD，CD，电视接收机，IT产品，数码产品，通信产品等;电动工具，电动电子玩具医疗电气设备,使用的电力，包括小型和大型家电，IT和电信设备和消费品，如收音机，电视机，摄像机和音响系统。

CPSIA：即2008年8月14日由美国总统布什签署生效的安全改进法案。

附件：加拿大消费品安全法案所涉及的专门法规中，针对轻纺产品的技术要求：（满足要求方可在加拿大宣传、进口和销售）根据加拿大消费产品安全法案的附录2，任何个人不得在加拿大生产，进口，宣传或销售下列产品：（禁止在加拿大宣传、进口和销售）1.相思豆（雞母珠）或者全部或部分组分为或包含相思豆的任何物质或物品。

2.全部或部分组件为或包含硝酸纤维素的眼镜框。

3.具有一定特点的婴儿学步车，这些特点包括，安装在轮子或任何其他装置上，可以移动，带有围绕物，为呈坐立或站立姿势的婴儿提供支撑，使婴儿的脚部可以接触到地面，从而实现水平方向的运动。

4.出牙嚼器、橡皮奶头和婴儿用奶嘴等具有一定特点的婴儿用产品，这些特点包括，在使用时需要被放入口中，并含有填充物，填充物内可滋生微生物。

5.用来固定哺乳瓶位置使婴儿在无人看护的情况下可自行进食的结构装置。

6.具有一定特点的一次性金属容器，这些特点包括，含有特定的加压液体，这种特定加压液体的全部或部分组分为氯乙烯，而且，这种一次性金属容器带有一个必要的手动操控阀，这种容器专门用来通过该阀的操控来释放加压介质。

7.在显微镜应用中所使用的含有多氯化联(二)苯的液体，其中包括沉浸油，但不包括折射率油。

8.具有一定特点的风筝，这些特点包括，带有未绝缘金属，在未绝缘金属及相邻导电部分之间有一个小于50毫米的非导电区域将这两个部分隔离开，并且未绝缘金属具有下列之中的一种特点：•最大线性长度超过150毫米；•经过电镀处理，或外包导电性薄膜，其线性长度超过150毫米。

9.由导电材料制成的风筝绳。

10.具有一定特点并用来作为服装的产品，这些特点包括，全部或部分材质为纺织布料，用纯三磷酸盐（2,3-二溴丙基）或这种物质的化合物处理过，或含有三磷酸盐（2,3 二溴丙基）。

11.含有以下物质并用于诱发打喷嚏的任何物质，其中包括喷嚏粉：•3,3’-二甲氧基联苯胺（4,4’-二氨基-3,3’-二甲氧基联苯胺）或任何一种3,3’-二甲氧基联苯胺盐；•由铁筷子属植物（藜芦)、蒜藜芦（白藜芦）或皂树（巴拿马木)衍生出来的植物产品；•原藜芦碱或藜芦碱；•硝基苯甲醛的任何一种异构体。

《加拿大消费品安全法》的英文The Consumer Product Safety Act in Canada is a federal law that aims to protect the health and safety of consumers by regulating the sale and distribution of consumer products. The Act establishes requirements for manufacturers, importers, distributors, and retailers to ensure that the products they sell meet safety standards and do not pose a risk to consumers.Under the Consumer Product Safety Act, manufacturers and importers are required to ensure that their products comply with safety standards and regulations. They must also report any incidents or defects that may pose a danger to consumers. Distributors and retailers are responsible for ensuring that the products they sell meet safety requirements and are free from defects.The Act also gives the government the authority to issue safety standards for specific products, as well as torecall products that are found to be unsafe. The government can also conduct inspections and investigations to ensure compliance with the Act.In addition, the Consumer Product Safety Act includes provisions for penalties and enforcement measures to hold companies accountable for selling unsafe products. Penalties for non-compliance can include fines, product recalls, and even criminal prosecution in serious cases.Overall, the Consumer Product Safety Act plays a crucial role in protecting consumers from potential harm and ensuring the safety of products sold in Canada.《加拿大消费品安全法》是一项旨在通过规范消费品的销售和分发来保护消费者健康和安全的联邦法律。

新NAFTA令加拿大在线购物消费者乐疯了！新NAFTA令加拿大在线购物消费者乐疯了！从1985年至今，加拿大人如果通过海外邮购进入加拿大的商品超过20加元就会被收取关税，最高的征收关税的额度将会达到20%。

现在好了，刚刚签字的美加NAFTA协定，加拿大在线购物消费者受益良多。

在新的自由贸易规则下，美国要求加拿大允许本国消费者在线购买美国产品额度增加至800美元！加拿大经过力争之后，同意将过去的20加币额度提高到150加币！这将使得更多的消费者转向在线购物来买美国产品，对于本地的实体店零售商压力山大。

加拿大轮胎的发言人表示，这个协议将刺激本土的消费者绕过加拿大零售商在线上购买美国商品！美国大型在线零售商亚马逊和EBay都对此非常开心，他们一直要求加拿大政府提高免税线上购物的额度！本地的加拿大零售商则对此极力反对。

加拿大零售商协会反应的问题更加尖锐，这个心问题就是：如果美加贸易协定使得在线购物的免税额增加，那么对于与加拿大没有优惠贸易协定的中国，进口产品就会出现竞争力下降！例如，从中国进口加拿大的服饰鞋类产品，最高的关税可达20%，加拿大本土的零售商即使批发价购买，然后赚钱批零差的话，也无法与中国进口到美国，然后消费者通过网上购物的价格便宜！加拿大人之所以喜欢去美国购物的原因，还是因为两个国家之间显著的零售价差。

大到一辆私家车，小到婴儿用食品或是一盒冰激凌，同样的产品在美国显然比加拿大便宜。

根据国际经合组织OECD调查显示：加元的平价购买力比美元的（PPP）差了22%。

同样牌子，款式，配置的汽车，美国比加拿大便宜11%。

同样一双耐克鞋，隔着一个大瀑布，价差居然能够达到37%。

一本一模一样的杂志在美国只卖5.49，加拿大要买6.49。

加拿大的消费者比起美国普通人简直是水深火热啊！造成零售价差的原因有各方面的原因，在2012年加元与美元平算的时刻，消费者民怨沸腾，因此政府组成专门的调查小组，但是至今没有明确答案，随着加币的贬值，人们又开始习惯差价，此事就不了了之。