CISSP 2018年全真英文回忆题

2018年考研英语真题As the title suggests, this article will delve into the 2018 year's postgraduate entrance examination in English, specifically the questions asked and their respective levels of difficulty. Before diving into the analysis, it is crucial to understand the overall structure of the examination and its main components.The English section of the postgraduate entrance examination is divided into two parts: "Translation and Writing" and "Reading Comprehension." Each part assesses different skills and abilities of the test takers, requiring a comprehensive understanding of the English language. Now, let's take a closer look at each part and discuss the questions of the 2018 examination.Part One: Translation and WritingThis section aims to evaluate the test takers' translation skills as well as their writing abilities. The main components of this part include Chinese to English translation, English to Chinese translation, and essay writing. During the 2018 examination, the Chinese to English translation mainly focused on short phrases or sentences related to daily life or current affairs. The English to Chinese translation, on the other hand, involved translating a longer passage that encompassed a broader topic. Lastly, the essay writing task required students to express their opinions and provide supporting arguments on a given issue.Part Two: Reading ComprehensionThe second part of the examination focuses on assessing the test takers' reading abilities, including their understanding of the main ideas, details, andlogical structure of the given passages. In 2018, the reading comprehension section consisted of three passages, each followed by several multiple-choice questions. The passages covered a wide range of topics, from social issues to scientific research, challenging the students' comprehension skills across various subjects.Analyzing the Difficulty of the 2018 ExaminationOverall, the 2018 English section of the postgraduate entrance examination was considered moderately challenging. The translation questions required a solid foundation of vocabulary and grammar, as well as a deep understanding of idiomatic expressions. The essay writing task tested the candidates' ability to articulate their thoughts in a clear and logical manner while presenting persuasive arguments. The reading comprehension questions demanded a keen eye for detail and the capability to grasp complex ideas within a limited time frame.In terms of difficulty, the translation questions were generally regarded as more challenging than the essay writing section. The short time given for translation tasks posed a particular challenge for test takers to accurately convey the original meaning while ensuring the natural flow of language. The essay writing, however, provided students with an opportunity to showcase their language proficiency and critical thinking skills, allowing for more creativity and personal insights.Regarding the reading comprehension section, the level of difficulty varied across the three passages. While some passages were relatively straightforward, others required a deeper understanding of specialized vocabulary and concepts. This disparity in difficulty ensured that a range ofabilities were tested, allowing for a fair assessment of the candidates' reading comprehension skills.ConclusionIn conclusion, the 2018 English section of the postgraduate entrance examination challenged test takers in various aspects of language proficiency. The translation and writing tasks demanded a strong grasp of vocabulary, grammar, and linguistic nuances. The reading comprehension section tested the students' ability to understand and analyze complex passages covering diverse topics.Preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination in English requires extensive practice in all areas of the language, from translation skills to essay writing and reading comprehension. By being exposed to a variety of topics and practicing under timed conditions, candidates can enhance their language abilities, improve their critical thinking skills, and increase their chances of success in the examination.。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark, A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,” H e says. In other words, don't read online comments.1.A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B.tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. school12. A. begin withB. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13. A. withdrawalB. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evidentD. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. InvestmentsC. strategies D. consequences 【答案】1. A resolve2. C seek3. D hurt4. C expose5. B trial6. C deliver7. D when 8. A happen9. B such as10. D discover11. C food12. D lead to13. B inquiry14. Aself-destructive15. A resist16. A predict17.B choose18. C outcome19. A whether20. D consequencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at aNew Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story. Wh en did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype ... that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degre es for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less –misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of ___A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ___A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___A.are entitled to more “educational privileges”B.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push i nto bachelor’s degrees for all ___A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziate’s school can be described as ___A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels – coal, oil, gas – still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels – especially coal – as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation –and where tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what ha ppens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads in 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend li nes for renewable are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does –or doesn’t do – to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. T he word “plummeting”(line3.para2)is closest in meaning to ______.A.risingB.fallingC.changingD. stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing – Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users’ friendships and social lives. Fa cebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them – and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple which was not apt.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____.A. digital productsB．user informationB.physical assetsC.quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities you’re day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of messy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals In much more detail, day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily planswould be most effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy”.“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brain switches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“what people don’t realize is that in order to complete these task s they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in their brain”, says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. Keep to your focus time37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules are indispensable to studying38. According toNewport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay b elieves that our brain’s shift between being focused and infocused____A. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .（10 points）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too"sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, and new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and starta conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don’t know & you look across the room and you see a stranger and something within you says that I want to talk with this person & you know something that mostly happens with all of us, you wanted to say something the First word. It just won’t come out. It feels like it stuck somewhere and refused to come out. I know the feeling & here is my advice “Just get it out”.Just think what the worst could happen. They won’t talk with you. Well they are not talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else just gets flows. So keep it simple “Hi” ,”Hey” or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather all of the enthusiasm, the energy, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42It’s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “h”, “hello” ,“how are you” and “what’s going on?”, you will fail to give the i nitial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to find the things which you and that person is in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from that point & then move outwards from there you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after some time you may have met again and you forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with. Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41.B Just say it.42.GSkip the small talk.43.E Find the “me too’s.44. ABe Present.45.DName，Place，Thing.46. Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and select it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. Andso he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stoppe d reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays，his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently，he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。

2018年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）C类初赛真题试及详细答案PartⅠSection A1.Some bacteria______extremely harmful,but______are regularly used in producing cheeses, crackers and many other foods.A is:the othersB has been:the othersC are:othersD have been:others2.It was once a very prosperous part of the city,but now many of the businesses have moved away or gone______.A bankruptcyB bankruptC bankruptedD to bankrupt3.When one is unfamiliar with the local customs,it is easy to make a______.A blameB blunderC commitmentD fault4.______your timely advice,I would never have known how to deal with the tough job.A But forB Except forC Not untilD Prior to5.I'd______his reputation with other drug dealers and business people in the city,and then make a decision about whether or not to______a loan.A account for:supportB make up for:objectC take account of:approveD wipe out:oppose6.______,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A Were other things equalB Other things to be equalC Other things being equalD To be equal to other things7.In the book The Storied Life of A.J.Fikry,a valuable book was lost for years when it turned up one day,quite out of the______.A blackB blueC redD white8.True patriotism______putting the interests of one's country above everything,includingone's own life.A copes withB derives fromC takes inD relies on9.My father decided to make me go back to college immediately,study my lessons carefully, and______.A a master's degree must attainB must attain my master's degreeC attain my master's degreeD my master's degree be attained10.Libraries have reference books______you can check out a physician's educational background,training,and other credentials.A from thatB of whichC through thatD by which11.The term BRIC was first______by Goldman Sachs economist Jim O'Neill in a research paper,______BRIC stands for Brazil,Russia,India and China.A coined:in whichB invented:of itC made up:andD produced:that12.Had Dickens foreseen that his novel would cause such a disturbance,he______it.A should not have writtenB would not have writtenC didn't writeD had not written13.—I'm concerned about your weight,I think you should go on a diet.—______—Good, then you might as well start right away.A You're so kind,but I don't have to do that.B Actually,I've been thinking about the same thing.C Definitely.What about my blood pressure then?D Oh my!You know it's such a tough job for me.14.—Let me ask you some questions about the accident you witnessed.—______—Thank you.When did the accident occur?A Yes,I really enjoyed it.B It's none of my business.C Sure,go ahead.D Oh,stop teasing me.15.—______—It should be good.I'm looking forward to taking it.A Do you like computer games?B How about cleaning the room with me?C What do you think the computer course will be like?D What are you going to do after you graduate from high school?PartⅡClozeBeing able to multi-task is hailed by most people as a welcome skill,but not according to a recent study which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called"Generation M"are spending a considerable amount of their time on【C1】______(fruit)efforts as they multi-task.It argues that,in fact,these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after another.Some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study.At the same time as they are working,young adults are also【C2】sur______the Internet,or sending out emails to their friends,and/or answering the phone and listening to music on their iPods or on another computer. As some new device comes along,it too is added to the list rather than【C3】______(place)one of the existing devices.Other research has【C4】ind______that this multi-tasking is even affecting the way of families themselves function as young people are too wrapped up in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people around them.They can【C5】______longer greet family members when they enter the house,nor can they eat at the family table.All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young people's performance at【C6】uni______and in the workplace.When asked about their perception of the impact of modern gadgets on their performance of tasks,the overwhelming majority of young people gave a【C7】______(favour)response.The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive.The former feel that multi-tasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later【C8】dev______of study skills,resulting in a decline in the quality of writing,for example,because of the lack of concentration on task completion.They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills.Similarly,employers feel that young people【C9】ent______the workforce need to be taught all over again,as they have become deskilled.While all this may be true,it must be borne in mind that more and more is expected of young people nowadays,in fact, too much.Praise rather than criticism is due【C10】______respect of the way today's youth are able to cope,despite what the older generation throw at them.1.【C1】2.【C2】3.【C3】4.【C4】5.【C5】6.【C6】7.【C7】8.【C8】9.【C9】10.【C10】PartⅢReading ComperhensionSection ALook at an atlas.How are mountains shown?Where are the highest mountains?A few mountains stand alone,such as Mount Egmont in New Zealand,and Mount Kenya in Africa.Most mountains are found in long chains called mountain ranges.The Pennines,the Cambrian Mountains, the Alps,the Andes and Rockies are examples of mountain ranges.The highest mountain range on the Earth is the Himalayas in Asia.In order to understand how mountains are formed,we need to know what the inside of the Earth is like.The Earth is made up of layers of rock.The outside layer of rock,the one we live on,is called the Earth's crust.Beneath the crust is a layer called the mantle. Near the top of the mantle,some of the rocks have melted and are a liquid,like sticky tar.Because all the rocks around it press on the mantle,the molten rock tries to force its way out.If the molten rock does find a weak spot,it bursts through the Earth's crust,forming a volcano.Some mountains were made by volcanoes.The Earth's crust is made up of large pieces,called plates,which fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.Some of the plates carry continents,others carry oceans. The plates move slowly,floating on the molten rocks of the mantle below.As the plates move,theypush against each other,slowly pushing up the rocks in folds to form mountains.India used to be a long way from Asia,but gradually the plate with India on it moved closer to the plate bearing Asia. The rocks in the sea between India and Asia were pushed up in folds that now form the Himalayan mountain range.That is why it is sometimes possible to find seashells near the tops of the Himalayas.Many other mountain ranges,including the Alps,Rockies and Pen-nines,are similar great folds of rock.While some plates are pushing together,others are moving further apart. Europe and North America are slowly moving further apart.Each year the Atlantic Ocean is a few centimetres wider.As the rocks move,they often crack or break.These breaks are called faults. Sometimes,great blocks of rocks are pushed up between two faults.These blocks may be so large and high that they form mountains.Some of the highland areas of East Africa are block mountains, so are the Vosges mountains in France and the Sierra Nevada mountains in the western United States.Block mountains often have flat tops.A flat-topped highland is called a plateau.Questions56—60Complete the following form with no more than three words according to the passage.56.57.58.59.60.Section BBy studying the notebooks,correspondence,and conversations of some of the world's great thinkers in science,art,and industry,scholars have identified the following thinking strategies that enable geniuses to generate original ideas:【B1】______Sigmund Freud's analytical methods were designed to find details that didn't fit traditional paradigms in order to come up with a completely new point of view.To solve a problem creatively,you must abandon the first approach that comes to mind,which usually stems from past experience,and reconceptualize the problem.Geniuses do not merely solve existing problems:they identify new ones.【B2】______Geniuses develop visual and spatial abilities that allow them to display information in new ways.The explosion of creativity in the Renaissance was tied to the development of graphic illustration during that period,notably the scientific diagrams of Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo Galilei.Galileo revolutionized science by making his thought graphically visible while his contemporaries used more conventional means. Geniuses produce.Thomas Edison held1,093patents,still a record.He guaranteed a high level of productivity by giving himself idea quotas:one minor invention every ten days and a major invention every six months.Johann Sebastian Bach wrote a cantata every week even when he was sick.Wolfgang Mozart produced more than600pieces of music.【B3】______Like playful children with buckets of building blocks,geniuses constantly combine and recombine ideas,images, and thoughts.The laws of heredity were developed by Gregor Mendel,who combined mathematics and biology to create a new science of genetics.【B4】______Their facility to connect the unconnected enables geniuses to see things others miss.Da Vinci noticed the similarity between the sound of a bell and a stone hitting water-and concluded that sound travels in waves.【B5】______Whenever we attempt to do something and fail,we end up doing something else.That's the first principle of creative accident.We may ask ourselves why we have failed to do what we intended,which is a reasonable question.But the creative accident leads to the question:What have we done?Answering that one in a novel,unexpected way is the essential creative act.It is not luck, but creative insight of the highest order.This may be the most important lesson of all:When you find something interesting,drop everything and go with it.Too many talented people fail to make significant leaps of imagination because they've become fixated on their pre-conceived plan.Butnot the truly great minds.They don't wait for gifts of chance:they make them happen.Questions61—65Complete the passage with the following sentences.There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use.A.Geniuses make their thought visible.B.Geniuses prepare themselves for enhance.C.Geniuses make novel combinations.D.Geniuses look at problems from all angles.E.Geniuses have a really broad mind.F.Geniuses force relationships.G.Geniuses are powerful in lots of aspects.6.【B1】7.【B2】8.【B3】9.【B4】10.【B5】Section CThe Dragon Boat Festival,the5th day of the5th lunar month,has had a history of more than 2,000years.Here are some things you must know.There are many legends about the evolution of the festival,the most popular of which is in commemoration of Qu Yuan(340—278BC).Qu Yuan was minister of the State of Chu and one of China's earliest poets.In face of great pressure from the powerful Qin State,he advocated enriching the country and strengthening its military forces so as to fight against the Qin.However,he was opposed by aristocrats and later deposed and exiled by King Huai.In his exiled days,he still cared much for his country and people and composed immortal poems including Li Sao(The Lament),Tian Wen(Heavenly Questions)and Jiu Ge(Nine Songs), which had far-reaching influences.In278BC,he heard the news that Qin troops had finally conquered Chu's capital,so he finished his last piece Huai Sha(Embracing Sand)and plunged himself into the Miluo River,clasping his arms to a large stone.The day happened to be the5th of the5th month in the Chinese lunar calendar.After his death,the people of Chu crowded to the bank of the river to pay their respects to him.The fishermen sailed their boats up and down the river to look for his body.People threw into the water zongzi(pyramid-shaped glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)and eggs to divert possible fish or shrimp from attacking his body.An old doctor poured a jug of realgar wine(Chinese liquor seasoned with realgar)into the water,hoping to turn all aquatic beasts drunk.That's why people later followed the customs such as dragon boat racing,eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine on that day.Dragon boat racing is an indispensable part of the festival,held all over the country.As the gun is fired,people will see racers in dragon-shaped canoes pulling the oars harmoniously and hurriedly,accompanied by rapid drums,speeding toward their destination.Folk tales say the game o-riginates from the activities of seeking Qu Yuan's body,but experts,after painstaking and meticulous research,conclude that dragon boat racing is a semi-religious,semi-entertaining program from the Warring States Period(475—221BC).On Dragon Boat Festival,parents also need to dress their children up with a perfume pouch.They first sew little bags with colorful silk cloth,then fill the bags with perfumes or herbal medicines,and finally string them with silk threads.The perfume pouch will be hung around the neck or tied to the front of a garment as an ornament.They are said to be able to ward off evil.Questions66—70Answer the following questions according to the passage.11.When do Chinese people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival every year?12.What masterpieces of Qu Yuan are mentioned in the passage?13.Why did Qu Yuan commit suicide?14.How do people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival now?15.Why do parents prepare perfume pouches for their children on Dragon Boat Festival?Section DWhile baseball is often described as the national sport of the United States of America,it probably developed from an eighteenth-century English game called rounders.There were severalversions of the game until1845,when Alexander J.Cartwright organized"a group of players to decide on one set of rules.The main change from rounders was that a runner had to be tagged or touched by a player holding the ball to be put out,rather than hit by a thrown ball.This meant that a smaller,harder ball could be used,which in turn made possible a faster,larger game.Until the mid-1860s,baseball was an amateur sport,which means that the players were not paid.The first professional team,the Cincinnati"Red Stockings",was organized in1869and within two years the sport was more or less professional.Nowadays the best players can earn millions of dollars playing baseball.Professional baseball in the United States and Canada consists of two leagues and for the first half of the twentieth century there were also separate leagues for black players.The black leagues produced many excellent players but it wasn't until the1940s,and the success of Jackie Robinson playing for the Brooklyn"Dodgers",that black players were integrated into white major-league baseball in the United States.Baseball has had a broad impact on popular culture, both in the United States and elsewhere.Dozens of English-language idioms have been derived from baseball,for instance,the baseball meaning of"out of the ball park"is to hit a home run,but its non-baseball equivalent is to do something well or exactly as it should be done.The baseball cap has become a worldwide fashion i-tem not only in the United States,but also in countries where the sport itself is not particularly popular,such as the United Kingdom.Baseball has inspired many works of art and entertainment.One of the first major examples,Ernest Thayer's poem"Casey at the Bat",appeared in1888.There have been many baseball movies,including the Academy Award-winning The Pride of the Yankees(1942)and the Oscar nominees The Natural(1984)and Field of Dreams(1989).Literary works connected to the game include the short fiction of Ring Lardner and novels such as Robert Coover's The Universal Baseball Association,Inc.,J.Henry Waugh,Prop.Baseball's literary canon also includes the beat reportage of Damon Runyon:the columns of Grantland Rice,Red Smith,Dick Young,and Peter Gammons:and the essays of Roger Angell.Questions71—75Complete the summary with words from the passage,changing the form where necessary,with no more than three words for each blank.Baseball is regarded as the national sport of the USA.Its history can be traced back to an eighteenth-century English game named【R1】______.There were several versions of the game until1845,【R2】______one set of rules was decided on.Baseball was originally【R3】______,but in1869the first professional team,the Cincinnati Red Stockings,was organized.For the first half of the twentieth century black players had separate leagues,but【R4】______began in the1940s because of the success of Jackie Robinson. Baseball extended its glamour to many other fields,such as fashion,language,art and entertainment. Many artists and film directors got【R5】______from the worldwide popular sport.16.【R1】17.【R2】18.【R3】19.【R4】20.【R5】PartⅣError CorrectionPeople often laugh when they see penguins walking.Penguins look very funnywaddle from side to side on their short little legs.However,Adelie penguins【M1】______can walk200 kilometers across the Antarctic sea ice to the place they lay【M2】______their eggs.Penguins are such good swimmers so early explorers thought they were【M3】______fish.They use their flippers'fly'through the water as other birds use their【M4】______wings to fly through the air. Emperor penguins,the big penguins,【M5】______can go as fast as50kilometers an hour.If Adelie penguin is swimming【M6】______quickly,it can jump2meters out of the water.They do this before they are【M7】______being chased by leopard seals,which like to eat them.Emperor penguins can hold its breath underwater for twenty minutes.【M8】______This means they can divevery deep to hunt for food.The deepest dive scientists know about is458meters.That's nearly half a kilometer!When the male emperor penguins are looking after eggs,they join together in tightly groups.In the middle of the group it might be38℃,【M9】______while on the outside of the group it might be-35℃.When the penguins【M10】______on the outside get too cold,they move slowly to the inside and others take their place on the outside.1.【M1】2.【M2】3.【M3】4.【M4】5.【M5】6.【M6】7.【M7】8.【M8】9.【M9】10.【M10】PartⅤTranslationSection A1.If your parents give you pocket money with no strings attached,I've got some bad news for you.Experts are now claiming that it may be harmful for teenagers to get"free"pocket money. They argue that it makes them lazy and they may even end up in poverty.What's more,they say that youngsters will never learn the value of money if they don't earn it.Studies also indicate that you can rarely expect teenagers to save their pocket money when they get it for free and often waste it on unnecessary things.However,if they have to do something in order to earn it,they usually learn to use their money wisely.Section B有些人的成功常常让周围的人大惑不解，因为他们似乎从来都不工作，或者没有长时间地工作。

CISA考试练习(习题卷18)第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。

1.[单选题]将输出结果及控制总计和输入资料及控制总计进行匹配可以验证输出结果，以下哪一项能起上述作用？A)批量头格式B)批量平衡C)资料转换差错纠正D)对打印池的访问控制答案:B解析:2.[单选题]IT治理的目标是保证IT战略符合以下哪一项的目标？A)企业B)ITC)审计D)财务答案:A解析:3.[单选题]信息系统审计师计划进行跟进，并且被操作管理层告知新的优先事项阻止他们实施行动计划。

管理层计划在下个季度之后解决审计问题，什么应该是审计师的下一个行动步骤？A)向审计委员会报告管理层缺乏行动B)评估延迟实施的风险C)按计划进行跟进审计业务D)将跟进审计业务推迟到今年晚些时候答案:B解析:4.[单选题]运用网络服务进行两系统间信息交换的最大优点是A)安全通信B)改良的性能C)有效的接口连接D)增强文件系统答案:C解析:网络服务帮助两系统间信息交换，而不考虑操作系统和编程语言差异。

在网络服务中如果没有文件系统的有力支持，通讯就不会变得更安全或更快速。

5.[单选题]下面哪一种关于安全的说法是不对的？A)加密技术的安全性不应大于使用该技术的人的安全性B)任何电子邮件程序的安全性不应大于实施加密的计算机的安全性C)加密算法的安全性与密钥的安全性一致D)每个电子邮件消息的安全性是通过用标准的非随机的密钥加密来实现答案:D解析:6.[单选题]一位IS审计师在为某全球性组织执行IS审计时发现，该组织将经由互联网的IP（VoIP）语音作为各办事处之间语音连接的唯一手段。

以下哪项是该组织VoIP基础实施中存在的最大风险？A)网络设备故障B)分布式拒绝服务（DDos）攻击C)优惠率欺骗（资费欺骗）D)社会工程攻击答案:B解析:网络设备故障不会给VoIP的使用带来任何特有风险，因此选项A不正确。

DDoS攻击有可能中断该组织办事处之间的通信，并带来最大的影响。

CISSP考试练习(习题卷3)第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。

1.[单选题]你认为下列哪一个是最安全的身份验证方式？A)生物识别B)密码C)令牌D)票证授予答案:A解析:<p>Biometric authentication systems take advantage of an individual&#39;s unique physical characteristics in order to authenticate that person&#39;s identity. Various forms of biometric authentication include face, voice, eye, hand, signature, and fingerprint, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. When combined with the use of a PIN it can provide two factors authentication.</p>2.[单选题]Kevin 正在为他的组织制定持续的安全监控策略。

在确定评估和监测频率时,通常不使用以下哪一项?A)威胁情报B)系统分类/影响级别C)安全控制操作负担D)组织风险承受能力答案:C解析:根据 NIST SP 800-137,组织应使用以下因素来确定评估和监控频率:安全控制波动性、系统分类/影响级别、提供关键功能的安全控制或特定评估对象、已识别弱点的安全控制、组织风险容忍度、威胁信息、漏洞信息、风险评估结果、监控策略审查的输出和报告要求。

3.[单选题]Brenda 的组织最近完成了对竞争对手公司的收购。

以下哪一项任务最不可能成为收购期间处理的组织流程的一部分?Brenda’s organization recently completed the acquisition of a competitor firm. Which one of the following tasks would be LEAST likely to be part of the organizational processes addressed during the acquisition?A)安保职能的整合Consolidation of security functionsB)安全工具的集成Integration of security toolsC)知识产权保护Protection of intellectual propertyD)安全政策文件Documentation of security policies答案:C解析:与收购(一家公司购买另一家公司)相比,在资产剥离(子公司被分拆为一个独立的组织)期间,知识产权保护是一个更大的问题。

CISSP考试练习(习题卷6)说明：答案和解析在试卷最后第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。

1.[单选题]业务连续性计划可以通过一些测试来进行评估。

哪种测试类型是持续进行,直到真正地搬到了异地设施处并真正配置了替换设备为止?A)Parallel test 并行测试B)Checklist test 检查表测试C)Structured walk- through test 组织排练测试D)Simulation test 模拟测试2.[单选题]在制定灾难恢复计划 (DRP) 时,以下哪一项是最重要的考虑因素?A)系统的动态重构B)停机成本C)所有业务流程的恢复策略D)遏制策略3.[单选题]组织定期进行自己的渗透测试。

测试有效时必须涵盖以下哪些方案?A)第三方供应商,可访问 sy茎B)系统管理员访问 受到损害C)访问系统的内部攻击者D)内部用户意外访问 数据4.[单选题]今天的骇客，他们主要需求动机是：A)帮助社会加固他们的网路B)对他们的行为得到认同C)看他们技能能把他们带多远D)得到经济回报5.[单选题]以下哪项是降低外部洪水攻击的最佳方法？which of the following is the BEST way to reduce the impact of an externally sourced flood attack？A)在防火墙上存储源地址Store the source address at the firewallB)使用阻止源地址的服务Have this service provide blocking the source addressC)阻止所有入栈流量，直到洪水结束Block all inbound trafffic until the flood endsD)让源服务提供商屏蔽地址Let the source service provider block the address6.[单选题]Compared with hardware cryptography, software cryptography is generally与硬件密码学相比，软件密码学通常A)less expensive and slower. 更便宜，速度更慢。

CISSP考试练习(习题卷18)第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。

1.[单选题]当证书颁发机构创建Renee的数字证书时,它使用什么密钥对完成的证书进行数字签名?A)Renee的公钥B)Renee的私钥C)CA的公钥D)CA的私钥答案:D解析:证书创建过程的最后一步是数字签名。

在此步骤中,证书颁发机构使用自己的私钥对证书进行签名。

The last step of the certificate creation process is the digital signature.During this step, the certificate authority signs the certificate using its own private key.2.[单选题]媒体标记和媒体标签有何区别?A)媒体标记是指使用人可读的安全属性,而媒体 标记是指在内部数据结构中使用安全属性 。

B)媒体标记是指 使用人可读的安全属性,而媒体 标记是指在内部数据结构中使用安全属性 。

C)媒体标签是指公共政策/法律要求的安全属性,而媒体标记是指内部组织政策所要求的安全属性。

D)媒体标记是指公共政策/法律要求的安全属性,而媒体标记是指由内部组织政策重新标记的安全属性。

答案:D解析:3.[单选题]Computer programs based on human logic using if-then statements and inference engines, also known as?通过使用IF-then语句和推理引擎的,基于人类逻辑的计算机程序,也被称为?A)Expert system.专家系统B)Artificial neural network.人工神经网络C)Distributed computing environment.分布式计算环境D)Enterprise Java-beans.企业java bean答案:A解析:4.[单选题]以下哪项是实现使用中数据控件的主要好处?A)一个。

CISSP考试练习(习题卷2)第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。

1.[单选题]实施最小特权原则的最终结果是指？A)用户可以访问所有系统。

B)用户只能访问他们需要知道的信息。

C)当用户职位改变时，会得到新增的特权D)授权蠕变答案:B解析:<p>The principle of least privilege refers to allowing users to have only the access they need and not anything more. Thus, certain users may have no need to access any of the files on specific systems.</p>2.[单选题]基于角色的访问控制 (RBAC)的一个重要特征是什么?A)支持强制访问控制 (MAC)B)简化访问权限管理C)依靠杜蒂的旋转D)需要两个因素 身份验证答案:B解析:3.[单选题]以下哪一选项不是合适用户账户管理的元素？A)用于跟踪访问权限的流程应予以实施。

B)在敏感职位定期重新筛选人员C)应该定期审查用户账户D)用户应该永远不会被转出了其当前职责答案:D解析:4.[单选题]Ed 负责确定一项服务,该项服务可为其雇主提供低延迟、高性能和高可用性的内容托管。

他应该采用什么类型的解决方案,以确保雇主的全球客户能够快捷、可靠地访问内容?A)热站点B)CDN(内容分发网络)C)冗余服务器D)P2P CDN(对等的内容分发网络)答案:B解析:内容分发网络(CDN)可提供可靠、低延迟、基于地理位置的内容分发。

CDN可以满足本题的要求。

企业一般不会选择P2P CDN(例如 BitTorrent)。

冗余服务器和热站点可以提供高可用性,但无法满足其他要求。

A Content Distribution Network (CDN) is designed to providereliable, low-latency,geographically distributed content distribution. In this scenario, a CDN is an ideal solution. A P2P CDN likeBitTorrent isn't a typical choice for a commercial entity,whereas redundant servers or a hot site can provide high availability but won't provide the remaining requirements.5.[单选题]IP 数据包可以分为两部分:报头和有效载荷。

2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)①Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? ②Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. ③The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .①In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University Of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. ②For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. ③The twist? ④Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.①Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ②7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 . ③Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.①The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.②Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. ③The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.①Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. ②In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. ③These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ④“Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reduc ing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. ⑤In other words, don't read online comments.1. [A] ignore [B] protect [C] resolve [D] discuss2. [A] seek [B] refuse [C] wait [D] regret3. [A] rise [B] hurt [C] last [D] mislead4. [A] expose [B] alert [C] tie [D] treat5. [A] concept [B] message [C] review [D] trial6. [A] deliver [B] remove [C] weaken [D] interrupt7. [A] Unless [B] When [C] If [D] Though8. [A] change [B] continue [C] happen [D] disappear9. [A] owing to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] such as10. [A] disagree [B] discover [C] forgive [D] forget11. [A] food [B] pay [C] marriage [D] schooling12. [A] begin with [B] lead to [C] rest on [D] learn from13. [A] diligence [B] withdrawal [C] persistence [D] inquiry14. [A] self-deceptive [B] self-reliant [C] self-destructive [D] self-evident15. [A] trace [B] define [C] resist [D] replace16. [A] conceal [B] overlook [C] predict [D] design17. [A] pretend [B] remember [C] promise [D] choose18. [A] outcome [B] relief [C] plan [D] duty19. [A] where [B] why [C] whether [D] how20. [A] limitations [B] consequences [C] investments [D] strategiesSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1①It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.①Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. ②He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. ③When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?①As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. ②Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. ③They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.①But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. ②Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. ③Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype ... that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.①On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolut ion. ②Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. ③The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. ④More education is the new principle. ⑤We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.①But t he headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.②Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. ③But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. ④But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.①In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its politicalhead, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. ②There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them. ③Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology H igh School is trying to fill that gap.①Koziatek's school is a wake-up call. ②When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.[A] practical ability[B] academic training[C] pioneering spirit[D] mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academically successful[D] are financially disadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.[A] used to have big financial concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all______.[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.[A] supportive[B] tolerant[C] disappointed[D] cautiousText 2①While fossil fuels—coal, oil, gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s ener gy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.②The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.①Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. ②But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. ③The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.①In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. ②In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.③While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. ④In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for morethan 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.①President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. ②In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.③But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.①The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. ②But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.①The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. ②Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.①While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. ②The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. ③What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting” (Para.2) is closest in meaning to______.[A] rising[B] falling[C] changing[D] stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____.[A] is as extensive as in Europe[B] is progressing notably[C] has proved to be impractical[D] faces many challenges28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____.[A] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[B] there is a shortage of clean energy supply[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy[D] wind is a widely used energy source29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A] is not really encouraged by the US government[B] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost[C] will bring the US closer to other countries[D] will accelerate global environmental changeText 3①The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon hasjust announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. ②What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.①Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. ②Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. ③What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are curre ntly plotting? ④It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.①Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. ②For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. ③By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. ④But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. ⑤Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. ⑥The users of their services are not their customers. ⑦That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.①The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. ②Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. ③It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its______.[A] digital products[B] quality service[C] physical assets[D] user information32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.[A] pose a risk to Facebook users[B] mislead the European commission[C] worsen political disputes[D] mess up customer records33. According to the author, competition law ______.[A] should serve the new market powers[B] may worsen the economic imbalance[C] cannot keep pace with the changing market[D] should not provide just one legal solution34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.[A] they are not financially reliable[B] they are not defined as customers[C] the services are generally digital[D] the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.[A] a typical competition pattern among digital giants[B] a win-win business model between digital giants[C] the benefits provided for digital giants’ customers[D] the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4①To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.①There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. ②Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.①Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. ②“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. ③Once on the calendar, I protec t this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.①Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. ②Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much more detail, day by day.①While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. ②Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.①In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”①“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body… [ idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ” he argues.①Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.②When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.①“What people don’t reali se is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.[A] list your immediate tasks[B] make specific daily plans[C] keep to your focus time[D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.[A] daily schedules are indispensable to studying[B] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[C] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected[D] distractions may actually increase efficiency38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.[A] an essential factor in accomplishing any work.[B] an effective way to save time and energy[C] a major contributor to physical health[D] a desirable mental state for busy people39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused______.[A] can result in psychological well-being[B] can bring about greater efficiency[C] is aimed at better balance in work[D] is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about______.[A] the key to eliminating distractions[B] the cause of the lack of focus time[C] ways to relieve the tension of busy life[D] approaches to getting more done in less timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Skip the small talkD.Ask for an opinionE.Find the “me too” s, places, thingsG.Pay a unique complimentFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.___________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says “I want to talk wit h this person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wantedto say something—the first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.42.____________________It’s a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got s tuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you?” and “what's going on?”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask fo r their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And sohe reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to inst itute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gate s says.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize and explain the situation, and2) suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。

2018年英语a级考试真题及答案2018 English A-level Exam Questions and AnswersIntroductionThe 2018 English A-level exam is a standardized test that measures an individual's proficiency in the English language. The exam is divided into four key components: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In this article, we will outline some of the questions that appeared in the 2018 exam, along with the corresponding answers.Listening SectionQuestion 1: Listen to the conversation between two friends and answer the following question: What is the main topic of their discussion?Answer: The main topic of their discussion is about their upcoming trip to Europe.Question 2: Listen to the radio broadcast about the new art exhibition and answer the following question: Where is the art exhibition taking place?Answer: The art exhibition is taking place at the National Gallery in London.Question 3: Listen to the interview with a famous author and answer the following question: What inspired the author to write their latest book?Answer: The author was inspired by their travels to Africa to write their latest book.Speaking SectionQuestion 1: Describe a memorable holiday you have had in the past. Discuss where you went, what you did, and why it was memorable.Answer: I would like to talk about the trip I took to Thailand last year. I visited Bangkok, Chiang Mai, and Phuket, where I explored temples, tried new foods, and relaxed on beautiful beaches. It was memorable because I had never experienced such rich culture and stunning landscapes before.Question 2: Discuss the impact of social media on society. Do you think it has more positive or negative effects?Answer: Social media has both positive and negative effects on society. It can connect people from all over the world and spread information quickly, but it can also lead to addiction and cyberbullying. Overall, I believe the positive effects outweigh the negative ones.Reading SectionQuestion 1: Read the passage about climate change and answer the following question: What are the main causes of global warming according to the text?Answer: The main causes of global warming are greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels and deforestation.Question 2: Read the article about the benefits of exercise and answer the following question: How does exercise improve mental health?Answer: Exercise releases endorphins in the brain, which can improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.Writing SectionQuestion 1: Write an essay discussing the importance of education in society. Include examples to support your argument.Answer: Education plays a crucial role in society by providing individuals with knowledge, skills, and opportunities for personal and professional growth. Without education, people would not be able to pursue their dreams or contribute to the advancement of society. For example, countries with higher literacy rates tend to have stronger economies and higher standards of living.ConclusionThe 2018 English A-level exam covered a wide range of topics related to the English language, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. By practicing with sample questions like the ones outlined in this article, students can improve their English proficiency and perform well on the exam. Good luck to all those preparing to take the English A-level exam in 2018!。