【首师 翻译硕士 2011-2013 真题】首都师范大学2012全套三份

首都师范大学2010年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷考试科目代码：211考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语请将答案住明题号写在答题纸上，试题纸上做答无效。

Part I.Proofreading and Error Correction(10POINTS,15MINUTES)Directions:The following passage contains TEN errors.Each numbered line contains ONE error,in which only ONE word is involved.Identify each error and correct it in the following way:copy the wrong word on your ANSWER SHEET and then write down the correct one.Make sure that you write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET!The changes in language will continue forever,but no one wrons word correctionknows sure who does the changing.One possibility is thatchildren are responsible.A professor of linguistic at the 1.________________University of Hawaii explores this in one of his recent books.Sometimes around1880,a language catastrophe occurred 2.________________in Hawaii when thousands of emigrant workers were brought 3.________________to the islands to work for the new sugar industry.Thesepeople spoke different languages were unable to communicate 4.________________with each other or with the native Hawaiians and the dominantEnglish-speaking owners of the plantations.So they firstly 5.________________spoke in Pidgin English—the sort of thing such mixed languagepopulations have always done.A pidgin is not really a languageat all.It is more like a set of verbal signals used to name objectsand without the grammatical rules needed for expressing thought 6.________________and ideas.And then,within a single generation,the whole mess7.________________of mixed people began speaking a totally new tongue:Hawaiian8.________________Creole.The new speech was contained ready-made words borrowedfrom all the original tongues,but beard little or no resemblance9.________________with the predecessors in the rules used for stringing the words10.________________ together.Although generally regarded as primitive language,Hawaiian Creole had a highly sophisticated grammar.Part II.Vocabulary(20POINTS,25MINUTES)Directions:From the four words or phrases under each sentence,choose the one that best suits the blank in each sentence.1.Recent editions of the Chinese classic Tao Te Ching,based on manuscripts more authoritative than those hitherto available,have rendered previous editions______.A.obstinateB.inaccessibleC.illegibleD.obsolete2.Children love to listen to stories about their elders,to_______their imagination to the conception of a traditional great-uncle,or granddame,whom they never saw.A.utilizeB.extendC.exploitD.stretch3.It is a common_______that success always brings happiness although it is true in some cases.A.regulationB.fallacyC.conceptD.myth4.When the guest speaker failed to arrive,the chairman__________to the occasion and made a very amusing speech himself.A.aroseB.roseC.arousedD.confronted5.Based on the evidence rather than________,Dr.Singer's report will refute previously held views about the nesting habits of the rare species.A.conjectureB.ignoranceC.projectionD.theory6.The magazine was publicly_______by a government spokesman for failing to check its facts and distorting the reality.A.rebukedB.refutedC.rebuttedD.reclaimed7.Despite his lack of public speaking experience,the student union member was surprisingly_______and expressed the concerns of his classmates persuasively.A.cogentB.CognateC.congenialD.congnitive8.We were all filled with________when we learnt how the realities of our country had been distorted by rumor-mongers.A.disturbanceB.cognitionC.indignationD.annoyance9.Could a mechanical device ever_______human intelligence?This is the ultimate test whether it could cause a real human to fall in love with it.A.influenceB.eliminateC.duplicateD.undermine10.Nothing lends itself to the feeling of traditional holiday shopping like hitting the streets on a cool evening and it brings back the_______that some of the older generation may have experienced,but younger persons may have only seen on television.A.nominationB.nostalgiaC.reminiscenceD.glamour11.The mystery of this successful businessman is that he is never________at important decisive moments.A.garrulousB.capriciousC.benevolentD.reticent12.When the state government discovered that thermal pollution was killing valuable fish,legislation was passed onto_______the dumpling of hot liquid wastes into rivers and to protect the fish population.A.discourageB.regulateC.facilitateD.prohibit13.The man accused of opening fire last month at a downtown Orlando office building held a_______against a former co-worker who was killed in the mass shooting.A.gruntB.grumbleC.groanD.grudge14.Much of the space in the National Gallery of Art is__________paintings presented to the museum by Andrew Mellon.A.divested ofB.devoid ofC.devoted toD.consisted in15.The stranger was actually smaller than I thought;yet his stature was________by the alarm he caused as he loomed up suddenly in the dark alley.A.worsenedB.magnifiedC.disparagedD.admonished16.Born with_______hearing,she still learned three foreign languages through her life time.A.defectiveB.effectiveC.selectiveD.affective17.Since neither side was ready to________what was necessary for peace,hostility was finally resumed in that areA.A.precedeB.recedeC.concedeD.intercede18.The organization is pressing_____with the task of finding homes for abandoned children.A.onB.downC.outD.up19.Advances in technology occur at such a fast pace that dictionaries have difficulty incorporating the________that emerge for new inventions.A.clichésB.colloquialismsC.euphemismsD.neologisms20.The king's_____decisions as a diplomat and administrator led to his legendary reputation as a just and_______ruler.A.immoral...perceptiveB.quick...arrogantC.equitable...wiseD.generous...wittyPart III.Reading Comprehension(30POINTS,80MINUTES)There are FOUR passages in this section.Read each passage and answer the questions given at the end of each passage.Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET!Passage IPeople have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.Social scientists are,of course,extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet,but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from one another,and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture".Those who support the"nature"side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities, characteristics,and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme,this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.Proponents of the"nurture"theory,or,as they are often called,behaviorists,claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists'view of the human being is quite mechanistic;they maintain that,like machines,humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact,it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(5*1=5points).1.Which one of the following statements would supporters of the"nature"theory agree with?A.A person's instincts have little effect on his action.B.Environment is important in determining a person's behavior and personality.C.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.D.The behaviorists'view correctly explains how we act.2.Which one of the following statements would proponents of the"nurture"theory agree with?A.A person's character is greatly influenced by his environment.B.Behaviorist theory is not correct.C.Biologically based instincts are important in how we act.D.Environment has little to do with behavior.3.B.F.Skinner____________________.A.supports the nature theoryB.believes in the importance of genes in determining personalityC.thinks the environment plays an important role in determining characterD.believes instincts govern behavior4.Concerning the nature/nurture controversy,the writer of this article__________.A.supports the nature theoryB.supports the nurture theoryC.believes both are completely wrongD.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories5.In the United States,Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests.With this in mind,which one of the following statements is not true?A.Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.B.Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment.C.Behaviorists would say that Black often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy.D.Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.Passage IIHarmful publicationsLack of culture,or rather an excess of the wrong sort of culture,is often considered to be synonymous with disadvantages.Most commonly associated with low cultural standards are low levels of reading and writing.One way of compensating such disadvantaged young people is thought to be to provide them with the culture they lack:in particular, high quality reading material.Comic tragedy?Whereas forty to fifty percent of young people aged sixteen to twenty rarely read a book,the majority of young people appear to read comics.In1991sales of Viz,a UK comic,exceeded one million copies per issue,making it the fourth best selling periodical in Britain.The reading of comics,however,is not restricted to young people:by1992it was estimated that two out of three men aged eighteen to fifty-three read Viz.The reading of comics was traditionally regarded by the educational establishment with considerable suspicion. Whereas the received arts were always assumed to exert an improving or civilizing influence,comics were thought to"rob children's brain",to lower educational standards and to threaten morality.They were,and are,assumed to be an inferior cultural form,their readers assumed to come from the lower social classes,to be low educational attainers and to be easily led astray.Over the past decade,perceptions of comics have shifted.Since the1970s,the comic format has been commonly used to represent the interests of various disenfranchised groups—community groups,the unemployed,welfare recipients—who became more conscious of a climate conditioned by other contemporary movements such as civil rights,consumerism,self-help and de-institutionalization.As cultural signifiers,comics have become the subject matter of academic courses in cultural and media studies.Indeed,young people's cultural activities,grounded in the commercial rather than the subsidized sector,are beginning to merit the attention of the arts establishment.Since the mid-1980s the comics market itself has boomed:the number of specialist shops and attendances at comics conventions has increased six-fold;the number of publishers and mainstream bookshops stocking comics has expanded; collecting comics was reported to be the fastest growing hobby,and in the process,an adult readership has effectively "come out".A survey carried out for Crisis,a fortnightly comic,clearly contradicted the stereotypical image of a comics reader by revealing that two-thirds of its readers were aged sixteen to twenty-four,with the remaining third over twenty-five. Furthermore,the comic's readers were highly educated:over half were studying full-or part-time;nearly three quarters read a quality daily.The comic's most popular stories focused on serious issues to do with the Third World and Northern Ireland.Comics as educationThe tone of educational comics has also changed.Twenty years ago it would have been considered immoral to produce advisorv comics for prisoners,offering health advice for potentially illegal practices,not least because they would have appeared to condone the practices described.Yet comics are now considered to be the most effective medium for such advice,not least because they secure the interest of their target readership.Certain British educationists,such as Margaret Meek,now advocate comics as educationally beneficial.This is because they encourage children and young people to read and contribute positively to the development of their fantasy play and to their acquisition of confidence and assurance.Yet,150years since they were first published,comics remain subject to the old prejudices,which maintain a particularly firm hold in schools.Research is currently under way,in part prompted by curiosity as to why comics are still regarded with such distain by the teaching profession.It is suspected that when comics are used in the classroom they are primarily given to children with learning difficulties,those learning English as a second language and those with behavioral problem;conversely,they are not given to children who have achieved higher educational standards.The research aims to establish to what extent comics are used in statutory and non-statutory education,what they are used for and what their potential might be.The resulting report focuses on the use of comics for and by disenfranchised young people, particularly those who may be denied access to the whole statutory curriculum and whose special educational needs are not adequately met.Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(5*1=5points).6.How many examples of an increase in the comic market are given?A.3B.4C.5D.67.A survey of readers conducted for one of the publication showed thatA.all readers of comics are at least16years old.B.most readers in the survey were highly educated.C.most readers of comics also read quality newspapers.D.readers of the most popular comics also read quality newspapers.8.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:ics have been proved to be the most effective way of giving advice to prisoners.B.Schools disagree with some educationists that comics are educationally beneficial.C.Research is being done to explore the potential use of comics in school education.D.The underlined word"readership"in paragraph5most probably refers to the number of readers.9.In paragraph7,by saying"...not least because they would have appeared to condone the practices described.",the author meansA."...not at all because..."B."...not in the least because..."C."...not only because..."D."...quite importantly because..."10.Broadly speaking,the authorA.regards comics with disdain.B.is not sure about the educational value of comics.C.feels that comics have educational value.D.believes that comics will attract people of increasingly old age.Passage IIIThe new BBC adaptation of Dickens'Little Dorrit has been hailed as the perfect accompaniment to credit-crunch Britain.Dickens was good at asking difficult questions,and even better at avoiding simple answers.Near the start of Dombey and Son,the small and sharp-eyed Paul Dombey asks"Papa!what's money?",and is told that it is"gold and silver,and copper,Guineas,shillings,half-pence".For his father,a prosperous businessman,money represents something else:"Circulating-medium,currency...paper, bullion,rates of exchange,value of precious metals in the market".For Dickens himself,though,money meant far more than the power to buy and sell.Money brought people together and split them apart;it turned ordinary people into models of generosity or monsters of greed;it kept the world moving and was forever threatening to make it spin out of control.Dickens's novels depict a world in which everything has a price,like the coals that Scrooge refuses to burn, cherishing them like diamonds.But as Scrooge's hard-heartedness reveals,the pursuit of such things also has a human cost.The new BBC adaptation of Dickens's Little Dorrit has been hailed as the perfect accompaniment to credit-crunch Britain,but it is not the only novel in which we find Dickens speaking to us,or even speaking for us,in these uncertain financial times.In all their painful,joyful,irrepressible life,his novels offer us glimpses of a world we think we have lost -a period of swirling fog and flickering gaslamps.But the closer we get to this world,the more we start to recognise:the scramble for credit,financial scandal,panic. More recent novelists have attempted to write about the workings of international finance.Saul Bellow's description of market speculation in Seize the Day or Don DeLillo's account of a financial meltdown seen through the eyes of a currency trader in Cosmopolis are compelling in their own way.But there are good reasons why it is Dickens to whom we should now return.The centre around which the Victorian age revolved and Dickens's combination of ambition and anxiety make him unmistakably our contemporary.And not only can we find parallels in his novels with the current crisis,we can also learn from them how to survive and triumph over it.One of the saddest scenes in Little Dorrit comes near the beginning of the novel,as we are introduced to William Dorrit,the longest-serving resident of the Marshalsea Prison.Imprisoned more than20years ago for debt,he has been reduced to accepting pitiful handouts from"admirers"with names like"Snooks","Old Gooseberry"and"the Dogs-meat Man".It is a scene that Dickens wrote from the heart-and from memory.His own father had been imprisoned in theMarshalsea when Charles was still a boy,and even if John Dickens seems to have been serenely unaffected by the experience,his son never came to terms with the shame he felt."I really believed at the time",he wrote later,"that they had broken my heart."The shame spreads through his writings like a blush,although he became adept at making a kind of sad comedy out of it,as when he recalled his father's wise advice to live within his means("if a man had twenty pounds a year,and spent nineteen pounds nineteen shillings and sixpence,he would be happy;but that a shilling spent the other way would make him wretched')and put it into the mouth of David Copperfield's Mr Micawber.As Dickens became more successful as a writer he followed the advice with scrupulous care.At his death,he left £93,000,comfortably making him a millionaire in today's money,but he managed his finances well enough to have accumulated decent reserves of cash while still being known for his generosity.If anything,he was thought to be a soft touch,which is doubtless what made him a target for begging-letter writers. One affected to be a travelling pedlar whose trade was being disrupted by the loss of his horse,and"if I would have the goodness to leave him out a donkey,he would call for the animal before breakfast".Perhaps they had been led to expect as much from Dickens's fiction,because his generosity was not only limited to real people.Characters such as Nicholas Nickleby or Oliver Twist are also showered with gifts at the end of their stories, although only if they prove to be deserving cases.In a world full of gloomy voices,such as Thomas Carlyle's warning that capitalism was destroying old social bonds based on trust,Dickens's novels quietly work to restore a link between money and morality.As in the fairy-tales he loved, his heroes had to demonstrate their true worth in order to be rewarded with a pot of gold.Even if this smacks of a wish-fulfilment fantasy,Dickens's readers had good reason to be thankful to him.After all, the real financial world was far harder to control,and just as likely to punish the good as the wicked.Even in Little Dorrit,that great warning-cry about the financial mess that people can get themselves into,Dickens offers a cheering alternative to the credit-crunch,because another word that binds the novel together is'credit'.Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(8*1=8points).11.The new BBC adaptation of Dickens's Little Dorrit is seen as_______.A.a production to accompany the financial timeB.a work to increase the credit rating of Charles DickensC.the right product at the right timeD.Britain's crunch of credit in new forms12.More recent novelists were mentioned by the author to show_______.A.similar financial problemsB.the scramble for creditC.credit-crunch BritainD.a financial meltdown13.By saying that Dickens is our contemporary,the author seems to imply that_______.A.his novels have parallels in the modern timesB.Dickens also lived through credit crunchC.the current crisis has parallels in historyD.we are,like him,also a mixture of great desires and worries14.The word"serenely"probably means________.A.severelyB.calmlyC.eerilyD.sedentarily15.How did his father's experience affected Charles Dickens?A.The shame penetrated his writings.B.He never came to terms with the creditors.C.The humiliation had a lasting effect on him.D.He had a heart attack because of the shame.16.The word"scrupulous"probably means_______.A.scrutinizedB.industriousC.incredulousD.careful17.By mentioning"credit"at the end of the article,the author seems to imply that________.A.credit is unavoidable in modern timesB.credit is the not the root of all evilC.modern people should also emphasize honour.D.people should learn to trust each other18.What is the significance of Dickens'novels in modern times?A.They focus on money and beliefs of right and wrong.B.They also centered around uncertain financial times.C.They demonstrated the true worth of credit.D.They share the same issue of"credit".Passage IVIn this age of chips,we put radios in watchcases and tap telephone with minute electronic packages.Such miniaturization might lead us to the false belief that absolute size is irrelevant to the operation of complex machinery. But nature does not miniaturize neurons(or other cells for that matter).The range of cell size among organisms is incomparably smaller than the range in body size.Small animals simply have far fewer cells than large animals.The human brain contains several billion neurons;an ant is constrained by its small size to have many hundreds of times fewer neurons.There is no established relationship between brain size and intelligence among humans.But this observation cannot be extended to differences between species and certainly not to ranges of sizes separating ants and humans.An efficient computer needs billions of circuits and an ant simply cannot contain enough of them because the relative constancy of cell size requires that small brains contain few neurons.Thus,our large body size served as a prerequisite for self-conscious intelligence.We can make a stronger argument and claim that humans have to be just about the size they are in order to function as they do.In an amusing and provocative article,F.W.Went explored the impossibility of human life,as we know it,at ant dimensions.Since weight increases so much faster than surface area as an object gets larger,small animals have very high ratios of surface to volume:they live in a world dominated by surface forces that affect us scarcely at all.An ant-sized man might put on some clothing,but forces of surface adhesion would preclude its removal.The lower limit of drop size would make showering impossible;each drop would hit with the force of a large boulder.If our little man managed to get wet and tried to dry off with a towel,he would be stuck to it for life.He could pour no liquid,light no fire(since a stable flame must be several millimeters in length).He might hammer gold leaf thin enough to construct a book for his size;but surface adhesion would prevent the turning of pages.Our skills and behavior are finely attuned to our size.We could not be twice as tall as we are,for the kinetic energy of a fall would then be16to32times as great,and our sheer weight(increased eightfold)would be more than our legs could support.Human giants of eight to nine feet have either died young or been crippled early by failure of joints and bones.At half our size,we could not wield a club with sufficient force to hunt large animals(for kinetic energy would decrease16to32-fold);we could not impart sufficient momentum to spears and arrows;we could not cut or split woodwith primitive tools or mine minerals with picks and chisels.Since these were essential activities in our historical development,we must conclude that the path of our evolution could only have been followed by a creature very close to our size.I do not argue that we inhabit the best of all possible worlds,only that our size has limited our activities and,to a great extent,shaped our evolution.Answer the following questions by making the best choice.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(5*1=5points).19.Which inference can you draw from the passage?A.People may gain a false understanding that small animals have roughly the same number of neurons as large animals, only smaller.B.The cells of small animals are proportionally smaller than those of large animals.C.In order to be more intelligent,human beings have to be still taller.D.The bigger the brain size,the more intelligent man is.20.The author tells about F.W.Went's article in order toA.clarify why man cannot live like an ant.B.explain why an ant cannot live like a human being.C.explore the possibility of human life at ant dimensions.D.elaborate why an ant-sized man is not able to live a human life.21.What does the word"preclude"in paragraph4mean?A.introduceB.preventC.includeD.precede22.According to the author,if a man of six feet weighs80kilograms,then a man twelve feet tall would weighA.90kilogramsB.640kilogramsC.720kilogramsD.1280kilograms23.Which of the following choices is NOT true?A.The cell size of small animals lacks variation.B.Variation of brain size is significant to intelligence between species.C.Small animals are overwhelmed by forces of surface adhesion like human beings.D.In order to survive human life,we need to be as tall as we are.•Paraphrase the following sentences which are highlighted in Passage IV on your answer sheet.(7points)24.The range of cell size among organisms is incomparably smaller than the range in body size.(3points)25.Small animals have very high ratios of surface to volume.(2points)。

目　录2012年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I. Proofreading and Error Correction (1*10 POINTS, 15 MINUTES)Directions: The following passage contains TEN errors. Each numbered line contains ONE error, in which only ONE word is involved. Identify each error and correct it in the following way: copy the wrong word on your ANSWER SHEET and then write down the correct one. Make sure that you write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET!【答案与解析】1．couragement→courage（“勇气”的表达为“courage”。

）2．crops→crop（crop rotation为固定搭配，意思是“作物轮作”。

）3．than→to（superior to为固定搭配，意思是“优于；比……优越”，虽然有比较的意思，但是不能与than搭配。

）4．exist→existence（in existence现有的，为固定搭配。

）5．more→more（easy的比较级为easier，不能用more easier。

）6．the→a（句意：他首先是一个不知疲倦的好作家。

文中并没有提到过关于他是“writer”的其他事情，因此不能用特指。

2011年首都师范大学汉语写作与百科知识真题答案1 宏观经济（Macro Economy）指总量经济活动，即国民经济的总体活动。

是指整个国民经济或国民经济总体及其经济活动和运行状态，如总供给与总需求；国民经济的总值及其增长速度；国民经济中的主要比例关系；物价的总水平；劳动就业的总水平与失业率；货币发行的总规模与增长速度；进出口贸易的总规模及其变动等。

一般认为此词1933年由挪威经济学家RAGNAR FRISCH（1895--1973年）在建立“宏观经济学”时所提出。

宏观经济的主要目标是高水平的和快速增长的产出率、低失业率和稳定的价格水平。

微观经济是:指个量经济活动，即单个经济单位的经济活动。

是指个别企业、经营单位及其经济活动，如个别企业的生产、供销、个别交换的价格等。

微观经济的运行，以价格和市场信号为诱导，通过竞争而自行调整与平衡；而宏观经济的运行，有许多市场机制的作用不能达到的领域，需要国家从社会的全局利益出发，运用各种手段，进行宏观调节和控制。

2 马克思主义中国化，一言以蔽之，就是将马克思主义的基本原理和中国革命与建设的实际情况相结合，从而得出适合中国国情的社会主义革命和建设道路。

在我们党内，毛泽东同志最早提出了马克思主义中国化的思想。

1938年10月，毛泽东在中共六届六中全会的政治报告《论新阶段》中指出：“离开中国特点来谈马克思主义，只是抽象的空洞的马克思主义。

因此，马克思主义的中国化，使之在每一表现中带着必须有的中国的特性，即是说，按照中国的特点去应用它，成为全党亟待了解并亟待解决的问题。

”4 《七十子希腊文本》（Septuagint）《希伯来圣经》最早的希腊文译本。

其中《妥拉》部分，是由72位犹太学者应埃及法老之请，在亚历山大城翻译的，后统称全译本为“七十子文本”或“七十贤士译本”公元前3－2世纪用流行的希腊文编译而成，首先为不熟悉希伯来文的亚历山大地区犹太人使用，因此，亦称“亚历山大本”。

2012年首都师范大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：46.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、匹配题(总题数：1，分数：20.00)a. leader of Transcendentalismb. stream of consciousness novelc. a Lake Poetd. Theatre of the Absurde. metaphysical poetryf. father of modern American short storyg. the spokesman of the Lost Generationh. great American dramatisti. Yoknapatawpha Fictionj. The English Dictionary（分数：20.00）(1).John Donne（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Edgar E. Poe（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Ralph W. Emerson（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).Samuel Johnson（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).Virginia Woolf（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).William Faulkner（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (7).Eugene O"Neill（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (8).Samuel Beckett（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (9).William Wordsworth（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (10).Earnest Hemingway（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、问答题(总题数：6，分数：24.00)The real evils, indeed, of Emma"s situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself: these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her.（分数：4.00）(1).Name the author and title of the novel from which this excerpt is taken.(2 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).How do you understand the meaning and function of this excerpt in the whole novel?(2 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________It was his will to subjugate Matter to his own ends. The subjugation itself was the point, the fight was the be-all, the fruits of victory were mere results ... He did not care about money, fundamentally. He was neither ostentatious nor luxurious; neither did he care about social position, not finally. What he wanted was the pure fulfillment of his own will in the struggle with the natural conditions. His will was now, to take the coal out of the earth, profitably.（分数：4.00）(1).Name the author and title of the novel from which the excerpt is taken.(2 points)（分数：2.00）(2).Who is "he"? Comment briefly on his character.(3 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.（分数：4.00）(1).Name the author and title of the work from which the excerpt is taken.(2 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).What in the author"s mind is "the essential facts of life"?(2 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________I hope she"ll be a fool—that"s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.（分数：4.00）(1).Name the author and title of the novel from which the excerpt is taken.(2 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Who does "she" refer to? Analyze the tone of the speaker.(2 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ ...He realized that these walks amused neither of them, but he could not bear to leave her, and did all he could to lengthen them till she became tired and out of temper. He knew that she did not care for him, and he tried to force a love which his reason told him was not in her nature: she was cold. He had no claim on her, but he could not help being exacting. Now that they were more intimate he found it less easy to control his temper; he was often irritable and could not help saying bitter things. Often they quarreled, and she would not speak to him for a while; but this always reduced him to subjection, and he crawled before her. He was angry with himself for showing so little dignity. He grew furiously jealous if he saw her speaking to any other man in the shop, and when he was jealous he seemed to be beside himself. He would deliberately insult her, leave the shop, and spend afterwards a sleepless night tossing on his bed, by turns angry and remorseful. Next day he would go to the shop and appeal forgiveness.（分数：4.00）(1).Name the author and title of the novel from which the excerpt is taken.(2 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Who is "he", the protagonist? Comment briefly on his character based on this excerpt.(3 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ Spring is the mischief in me, and I wonder If I could put a notion in his head:"Why do they make good neighbors? Isn"t it Where there are cows? But here there are no cows. Before I built a wall I"d ask to know What I was walling in or walling out, And to whom I was like to give offense. Something there is that doesn"t love a wall,…（分数：4.00）(1).Name the author and title of the poem from which this excerpt is taken.(2 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).What is speaker"s view about walls? What do people "wall in or wall out" in your mind?(4 points)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、分析题(总题数：1，分数：2.00)1.Read the poem by Emily Dickinson. Write a short essay of 100 words to show your understanding of it.(12 points)To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee One clover, and a bee, And revery.The revery alone will do,If bees are few.(clover :三叶草;苜蓿revery :幻想)（分数：2.00）。

2012年872 汉语与写作首都师范大学学科教育（语文）一、填空题（1分共18分）1.现代汉民族普通话规范，即以北京语音为，以北方话为，以为语法规范。

2.汉语音节不能没有，不能没有，但可以有、韵头和。

3.“凹”字共有笔，书写时，按笔顺第一笔应是。

4.从主语和谓语的意义关系上看，可以分为实施主语，例如；受事主语，例如，和中性主语，例如。

5.“这部电影我看过。

”是主谓谓语句。

“王老师教我们英语。

”是句。

“大家选他当代表。

”是句。

“他看书看累了。

”是句。

6.句子结构常见错误主要有、、、和句式杂糅四种。

二、举例解释下列术语（3分共18分）押韵轻声指事错别字连绵词双关三、简答题（6分共12分）1.谈谈现代汉语具有哪些特点2.说明“我们”与“咱们”、“那”与“哪”在用法上有什么不同四、语言分析（共32分）1.指出下列成语各自属于何种来源（历史故事、神话寓言、口头俗语、诗文语句）4分刻舟求剑望梅止渴学而不厌一干二净2.简要分析下面两组结构相似的句子的意思是否相同6分（1）我在北京住了三年。

我在北京住了三年了。

（2）我只跟他说过这个问题。

我跟他只说过这个问题。

3.用句子成分分析法注明下面的句子成分4分（1）一对青年男女的友好相遇所引起的新鲜与亲切之感，通过读者的想象，得到了显现。

（2）《我爱这土地》的形象的核心，是一只不懈地为土地、河流、风和黎明歌唱，死后连羽毛也奉献给土地的多情鸟。

4.标明下面复句的层次和分句之间的关系2分草地上没有人烟，气候时常变化，时而下雪，时而下雹。

5.辨析下面的同义词8分商量/商榷截止/截至6.修辞分析8分阅读下面一段文字，指出其中所使用的修辞方法，并举一例分析器表达作用。

四合院是一个盒子。

北京人理想的住家是“独门独院”。

北京人也很讲究“处街坊”。

“远亲不如近邻”。

“街里街坊”的，谁家有点事，婚丧嫁娶，都得“随”一点“份子”，道个喜或道个恼，不这样就不合“礼数”。

但是平常日子，过往不多，除了有的街坊是棋友，“杀”一盘；有的是酒友，到“大酒缸”（过去山西人开的酒铺，都没有桌子，在酒缸上放一块规成圆形的厚板以代酒桌）喝两“个”（大酒缸二两一杯，叫做“一个”）；或是鸟友，不约而同，各晃着鸟笼，到天坛城根、玉渊潭去“会鸟”（会鸟是把鸟笼挂在一处，既可以让鸟互相学叫，也互相比赛），此外，“各人自扫门前雪，休管他人瓦上霜”。

首都师范大学2012年攻读学士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：354考试科目名称：汉语基础注意：答案请做在答卷纸上，做在试题上一律无效。

育明教育资深咨询师薛老师认为：在考研复习备考中，信息收集是非常重要的，其次是有一定的方法和套路，在专业课上面能够得到相关内部人员的指导那就更是事半功倍了。

特别是能够收集到一些笔记、真题、讲义、课件、模拟题等具有含金量的资料，那更是为自己考研之路创造有利的条件，希望同学们能够合理利用这些资料，合理安排时间，最后坚持到底，相信自己一定能得到一个满意的答卷！壹、汉语语言学基础知识（共80分）一、填空（每小题1分，共30分）1.现代汉语普通话以______________为标准音。

2.与自由语素相对的是___________语素。

3.粤方言以____________话为代表。

4.人口最多的汉语方言是____________方言。

5.与元音相比，辅音的特点是__________________。

6.普通话舌尖后音声母有_____________。

7.普通话d和m是最小的能够辨义的语音单位，分属于两个不同_________。

8.普通话有__________个辅音可以充当韵尾。

9.普通话读上升调型的调类是___________。

10.国家通用语言文字以《______________》为拼写和注音工具。

11.横，竖，撇，捺四种笔画中，不属于汉字基本笔画的是__________。

12.规范的简体字以《____________总表》为准。

13.“群”不应写成“羣”，“羣”是被淘汰的__________字。

14.金文主要指通行于____________时代青铜器上的文字。

15.合成词中的语素不会少于___________个。

16.一种语言的词汇可以分为外来词汇和___________词汇。

17.汉语最常见的构词方式是____________。

18.汉语单纯词的读音通常是____________个音节。

2012年首都师范大学汉语国际教育硕士（汉语国际教育基础）真题试卷精选2012年首都师范大学汉语国际教育硕士（汉语国际教育基础）真题试卷精选(总分：170.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识(总题数：68，分数：130.00)1.填空题________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 解析：2.韩愈在《师说》里给教师所下的定义是 1。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：师者，所以传道授业解惑也。

）解析：3.我国古代语文教育的主要内容是 1。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：文章诗赋）解析：4.我国古代的科举考试开始于 1朝。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：隋）解析：5.商周时期刻在青铜器物上的文字叫做 1。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：金文）解析：6.隶书是 1朝通行的书体。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：汉）解析：7.秦始皇所统一的汉字形体是 1。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：小篆）解析：8.周秦时期华夏地区的通用语言叫做 1。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：雅言）解析：9.儒家思想中“己所不欲，勿施于人”是 1的观念。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：孔子）解析：10.庄子是战国时期的 1国人。

（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：宋）解析：11.春秋战国时期以“兼爱”为主体思想的流派是 1。

翻译行业建议首先要强调的是，这是一篇网文，通读全篇后，我觉得很有意义和价值。

让我对于翻译行业有了一个更清晰的认识，不再那么想当然。

转载如下：作为一名在翻译圈混了10年的圈内人，从软件开发、汉化到专业技术翻译逐渐并行，从客户、翻译公司、专职或自由译员三位一体的角色都经历过，现说说我三个角色的译事经历。

本人经历都侧重笔译。

成为一个合格的笔译译员，语言能力、专业知识要经过5，6年。

均月收入1万。

走上这条路，是因为自己对语言的钟爱和兴趣。

但10年经历，给我的感受是：做文字翻译工作很辛苦，喜爱也要选择离开. 国内翻译行业现状: 95％的翻译公司是“洗衣房”，基本所有投简历应聘笔译的人都不胜任。

报价逐年下降。

积累了多年翻译经验的合格的译员，最后会选择离开。

我算不上优秀翻译，但坚持了10年，在同行里算坚持很久了。

下面是根据自己10年来，在不同角色岗位上的真实经历，对客户、翻译公司、译员的建议，对客户理性的价格、翻译公司提供保证质量的服务、合格的译员等方面阐述。

对客户说的话：1. 不要指望专家给你提供翻译服务，真正的专家不挣你这个钱！有幸得到专家看一看就不错了！翻译公司是养不起这样的专家的；不要迷信外语学院的教授，他们自己不会亲自做的，而是找几个研究生来做，外语水平好的，专业知识欠缺；有专业背景知识的，语言水平往往欠缺；不要迷信海归，做翻译的海归，差不多都是海待；听说能力还可以，笔译和写作能力不入流。

专业知识和实践经验尤其欠缺；道理简单：中文听说没有问题的人中，文盲也很多。

2. 如果选择和自由译员合作，专业知识、语言水平、翻译经验缺一不可，选择有该专业领域3、5年以上的译员合作，比较靠谱；专业的Soho一族最好，这些人现在也比较好找，很多人在一些大的门户网站上有自己的博客或空间，看看他们会写一些翻译经验点滴，注意不是转载。

一个译员正常的工作量（包括翻译、排版、一般的编辑检查工作）：8－10小时，大约最多是3000－3500外文单词量，2500－3000是正常，这一点是保证质量的基本前提；如果译员对你说，他一天能做到5千以上，你就可以怀疑翻译质量；如果说能翻译到6千以上，肯定是扯。

2012年首都师范大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 3. 名词解释 5. 应用文写作7. 现代汉语写作单项选择题1．“执子之手，与子偕老”的出处是以下哪部典籍？（）A．《诗经》B．《论语》C．《楚辞》D．《庄子》正确答案：A解析：该句源于《诗经．邶风．击鼓》篇，原句是“死生契阔，与子成说。

执子之手，与子偕老”，表达了战士之间同生共死的深厚感情。

这句话描写战士间的互相勉励、同生共死，令人动容。

后来，这句诗也被用来形容夫妻情深。

2．金庸小说《天龙八部》的书名源自（）思想。

A．道教B．佛教C．儒家D．基督教正确答案：B解析：“天龙八部”出于佛经，有“世间众生”的意思，寓意象征着大干世界的芸芸众生，背后笼罩着佛法的无边与超脱。

3．唐朝进入了极盛时期，历史上称为（）A．贞观之治B．文景之治C．康乾盛世D．开元盛世正确答案：D解析：唐玄宗在位前期政治清明，励精图治，任用贤能，经济迅速发展，使得天下大治，唐朝进入全盛时期，因当时年号为“开元”，史称“开元盛世”。

A 贞观之治是指中国唐太宗在位期间的清明政治。

这是唐朝的第一个治世，同时为后来的开元之治奠定了厚实的基础。

B文景之治是指西汉汉文帝、汉景帝统治时期。

汉初，社会经济衰弱，朝廷推崇黄老治术，采取“轻徭薄赋”、“与民休息”的政策。

C康乾盛世又称“康雍乾盛世”，是清王朝前期统治下的盛世。

康乾盛世是中国封建社会的回光返照，同时也是中国古代封建王朝的最后一个盛世。

4．明朝灭亡时，哪一位皇帝逃到万岁山自缢而死？（）A．万历皇帝B．隆武皇帝C．崇祯皇帝D．永乐皇帝正确答案：C解析：1644年，李自成军攻破北京时，崇祯皇帝于万岁山自缢身亡。

A万历皇帝是明朝在位时间最长的皇帝。

B隆武皇帝是南明第二任君主，为明太祖朱元璋二十三子唐王朱桎的八世孙。

1644年，崇祯帝在北京自缢，1645年弘光帝亦死，郑芝龙、黄道周等人扶朱聿键于福州登基称帝，改元为隆武。