2020年考研安徽大学英语语言文学初试真题回忆版

2020年安徽大学812英语综合知识考研精品资料说明：本套考研资料由本机构多位高分研究生潜心整理编写，2020年考研初试首选资料。

一、安徽大学812英语综合知识考研真题汇编1．安徽大学812英语综合知识2006、（回忆版）2013年考研真题，暂无答案。

说明：分析历年考研真题可以把握出题脉络，了解考题难度、风格，侧重点等，为考研复习指明方向。

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③安徽大学812英语综合知识之戴炜栋、何兆熊《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研核心题库（含答案）。

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说明：该科目复习重难点提纲，提炼出重难点，有的放矢，提高复习针对性。

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②安徽大学812英语综合知识之吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》本科生课件。

说明：参考书配套授课PPT课件，条理清晰，内容详尽，版权归属制作教师，本项免费赠送。

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2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题科目代码：245 科目名称：英语I.Vocabulary and Grammar (20')Multiple ChoiceDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. There was no bus service as it was quite late in the night, so we walk home.A. mustB. have toC. ought toD. had to2. When I read the newspaper, I always read the ________ f irst.A. headlinesB. headquartersC. heavenD. horizon3. He is easily _____ _ so I do not like to talk with him.A. defendedB. affordedC. createdD. offended4.My hands and feet were with cold as I waited for the bus.A.cliffB. stillC. stiffD. stick5.The board of the company has decided to its operations to include all aspects of the clothing business.A. multiplyB. lengthenC.expandD. stretch6. His business was very successful, but it was at the __________ o f his family life.A. consumptionB. creditC. exhaustionD. expense7. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a ________ for smoking.A. reliefB. revivalC. substituteD. succession8 .Students with problems may apply for student loans.A. economicB. financialC. maleD. economical9. Without a proper education, people could _ ______ a ll kinds of crimes.A. conductB. stoopC. commitD. sweat10. It is no use him over. Ifs too late already.A. to sendB. sendingC. by sendingD. having sent11. Brazifs constitution the military use of nuclear energy.安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题12. Mrs. Morris's daughter is pretty andagricultural production.20. Whenever I have a chance, I will remain outside the school because at school I could donothing _____ .A. but to read and writeB. but reading and writingC. rather than to read and writeD. but read and writeII. Reading Comprehension (40')Multiple ChoiceDirections: In this section there are four reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet. Passage 1In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill 一the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading andA. withdrawsB. forbidsC. interruptsD. objects ,and many girls envy her.A. slenderB. lightC. faintD. minor 13. Science and technology havein important ways to the improvement of A. attachedB. assistedC. contributedD. witnessed14. When I arrived at the meeting, the first speakerand the audienceA. had finished speaking, were clappingB. had finished speaking, had clappedC. finished speaking, clappedD. finished speaking, were clapping 15. This year our university does not have anyto continue the international studentexchange program. A. functionB. fundamentalC. funeralD. funds 16. This man has been provedof murder.A. guiltyB. spoilC. flashD. curious 17. English has become a communicationfor people from different countries.A. meritB. streamC. enjoymentD. medium18. Before you begin writing your paper, please writefirst. Then we can have abetter idea about what you are going to talk about. A. an origin B. a detail C. an example D. an outline 19. It is impossible for us tosuch a difficult task within the limited time.A. fuelB. frownC. fulfillD. frost安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.As regard the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach （说教），their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.1.Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills .A.should be avoidedB.is universal among parentsC.sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD.will make him lose interest in learning new things2.In the process of children's learning new skills parents .A.should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB.should not expect too much of themC.should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD.should create as many learning opportunities as possible3.The second paragraph mainly tells us that .A.parents should be strict with their childrenB.parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the communityC.parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children aloneD.parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation.4.The underlined word "precept" in Para.3 probably means "A.ideamatter what, though,5, states Lipscomb, ''home-schooling is a growing trend. I think we'll be seeing moreand more of this."pared with other students, the most different thing Rowena and Billy do is that .A.they study hardB.they do extremely well on achievement testsC.they never go to schoolD.they feel they have gotten a good education7.At first in the 1980s parents gave home-schooling to children for .A.better educationB.religious educationC.safetyD.all the above8.According to the article, what is NOT the advantage of being educated at home?A.Home is a safer place for children.B.Students taught at home are more self-directed.C.Students taught at home have a greater depth of knowledge.D.Students taught at home can go to good universities.9.The author of this text thinks .A.parents can do a better job than schoolsB.home-schooling will be more and more usefulC.students taught at home make greater achievementsD.home-schooling is good in some aspects10.The best title of this text might be .A.Home-schooling: A Growing TrendB.Home-schooling: A Better ChoiceC.Home-schooling: A Way to SuccessD.Home-schooling: A New Method of EducationPassage 3The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full capability in the handling of his target language, which might be his mother tongue or language of habitual use, and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his fields of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional equipment.In addition to this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work on his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others if his ownknowledge cannot always prove adequate to the task in hand. If he is working mainly for publication, he should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately, and should have more than a general idea of printing techniques and proof-reading as well. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to switch rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently required of him in such work.。

2020年安徽大学616语言文学基础考研精品资料说明：本套考研资料由本机构多位高分研究生潜心整理编写，2020年考研初试首选资料。

一、安徽大学616语言文学基础考研真题汇编及考研大纲1．安徽大学616语言文学基础2005-2014、（回忆版）2012年考研真题，暂无答案。

说明：分析历年考研真题可以把握出题脉络，了解考题难度、风格，侧重点等，为考研复习指明方向。

2.安徽大学616语言文学基础考研大纲①2019年安徽大学616语言文学基础考研大纲。

说明：考研大纲给出了考试范围及考试内容，是考研出题的重要依据，同时也是分清重难点进行针对性复习的首选资料，本项为免费提供。

二、2020年安徽大学616语言文学基础考研资料3．黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》考研相关资料（1）黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》[笔记+课件+提纲]①安徽大学616语言文学基础之黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》考研复习笔记。

说明：本书重点复习笔记，条理清晰，重难点突出，提高复习效率，基础强化阶段首选资料。

②安徽大学616语言文学基础之黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》本科生课件。

说明：参考书配套授课PPT课件，条理清晰，内容详尽，版权归属制作教师，本项免费赠送。

③安徽大学616语言文学基础之黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》复习提纲。

说明：该科目复习重难点提纲，提炼出重难点，有的放矢，提高复习针对性。

（2）黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》考研核心题库（含答案）①安徽大学616语言文学基础考研核心题库之黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》名词解释精编。

②安徽大学616语言文学基础考研核心题库之黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》简答题精编。

说明：本题库涵盖了该考研科目常考题型及重点题型，根据历年考研大纲要求，结合考研真题进行的分类汇编并给出了详细答案，针对性强，是考研复习首选资料。

（3）黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》考研模拟题[仿真+强化+冲刺]①2020年安徽大学616语言文学基础之现代汉语考研专业课六套仿真模拟题。

考研的路上要有必胜的信念，不去想如果失败了该怎么办，不给自己留退路，做到心无旁骛。

在刚开始准备考研的时候，我也觉得考研真的很难，因为已经很久没有那么大强度的学习了，非常不适应，会特别羡慕已经考上的学长学姐，觉得他们好强大，不知道他们是怎么过的这一关。

但一路走过来发现，其实你只要切实做了，一旦迈出了第一步，一切就自会迎刃而解的。

我想选一个相对较稳妥的学校，所以选择了安徽大学，安徽大学的外国语言学及应用语言一共有两个方向，一个方向9个人，学校是211，专业排名在七十几名左右，专业评估是C+，这个专业一般的学校招收的人数都不多，这个学校不算少了。

考研和高考不一样，高考是拿着自己的分数评估学校，考研是既要评估自己又要评估学校，看看自己的能力和毅力是否能和这个学校的分数对等，还要合理分析考情，考虑大年小年的情况。

我当时报名的时候是报的第二个方向翻译理论与实践，因为感觉能更好找工作一点，但需要注意的是，可能大家都这么想，然后这个方向很满，如果这个学校可以不同方向调剂还好，如果不行，可能就会被挤下来，所以如果没有十足的信心，可以选择看着不太热门的方向，考上的几率更大一些。

二外我选的是日语，我比较喜欢日语，平时看的剧和动漫也多，学起来觉得没有那么烦躁。

单词更重要，单词是很难背，但你要知道大家都这样，熬过去就好了。

其实身为中国人学日语是有优势的——因为日语里汉字多啊！担心50音图记不住的同学可以使用形象记忆法！比如ォ（o），长得很像中文的“才”，所以可以记这样一句话：你好有才哦（ォ），相信我们作为大学生肯定有这样的学习能力。

一开始是总结了N2常见汉字的不同读音，后面词的分类也很细致，比如名词和形容词还分成了音读和训读，背起来很方便。

我个人感觉还不错。

然后说基础英语，这些科目都没有参考书目，单词书我用的是<<一本单词>>，都是自己看哪一本用的多就拿来用。

翻译和阅读需要多积累单词，我会经常读一些蛋核英语推荐的报刊，另外就是根据专八的题来复习，做它的阅读，把阅读一句一句翻译出来，把单词都背下来，感觉还不错；作文我觉得背成篇的文章用处不大，不如只简单背一些开头结尾和特殊的迁移性强的句子，剩下就是积累特殊句式，在平时练习的时候多多套用，争取在考场上能用的得心应手。

日语日语我准备的较晚，只背了初级二十个汉字写假名，共十分，大学，原稿，银行，等等，都是初级标日的，大部分是初级上二十个句子，划线假名写汉字，20个，十分十个片假名写意思，有音乐会，游泳池，票，黄金周，吉他，基本也是标日初级上的。

只要把初级日语那两本单词背熟没有大问题。

然后选择题忘了多少个。

都是语法类，选格助词居多，绝大多数是标日初级的。

然后两篇阅读，第一篇很难，生词很多，句法也看不懂，所以很多蒙的。

第二篇是对话，在文中标题号的地方选填合适的句子。

基本都是自谦语和尊他语的用法翻译十个句子15分。

上周的旅行很愉快，但是很累这本小说阅读越有意思无论什么时候我们都要努力合肥是个美丽的城市为了成为乒乓球运动员，他每天都练习乒乓球这本书很有意思，越读越想读（我觉得跟小说那句好像没啥区别[哼]）小王昨天生病了，所以没来上班她是我们班唱歌最好听的。

以上是我能记住的。

其他两句想不起来了基础英语和以往没有区别，三十个单选，词汇题居多，不太难，但我就是不会，随便选的给词填入适当形式，20个盲填十个20分解释划线短语10个，20分，reflect on, follow suit, panalty we pay, replet with其他记不起来了。

Paraphrase5个，20分，文章篇幅很短，但是句子很复杂，我是留到最后写的改错10个，20分，没有以往难阅读2篇，比专八容易一些，篇幅不长，生词也不多。

基英这一科按专八准备没啥大问题，不用写作文，但是17年出过，所以稍微准备下还是有必要的。

总的来说三个小时写基英是比较充分。

考研英语真题和答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 thefruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to lear n, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught ins tead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through proble ms in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But so me observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because neweducational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful ser mons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for reli gion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often__________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also fo cused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)答案Section I Use of English1—5 BADBC 6—10 ADCBD11—15 DBCDA 16—20 CBAACSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21—25 ABCAA 26—30 ACDAB31—35 DBBAC 36—40 BBDACPart B41—45 CEABGPart C46. 可以说，任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是它原来的动机的一部分。

[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年安徽大学文学院语言文学基础初试真题回忆哇，终于看完了，下面贡献一下今年安大文学院的考研真题吧~▷【616 语言文学基础】：这一科是专业课一的考试，和去年考试有相似之处，但又有所不同，今年考题是直接分成了两大组，一个是语言组，一个是文学组，每组都各有10个名词解释，5个大题，二者任选一组。

选了文学组就不能选语言组，反之亦然。

比如，我选了文学组，那么，就只能做文学组的名解和大题，不可以跟语言组的题目混淆做。

下面是今年的题目：【文学组】一、名词解释：比兴汉魏六朝派陆海潘江《河岳英灵集》南戏新文化运动京派“双百方针”陌生化形象大于思想二、问答题1.默写陶渊明的《归园田居》(其一)，并结合这首诗分析陶渊明的田园诗特色。

2.论述鲁迅关于《红楼梦》的评论“自有红楼梦以来，以往的写法和传统都被打破了”的内涵。

3.论述鲁迅关于“国民性”的思想内涵4.论述汪曾祺小说特点5.论述网络对于当代小说的影响。

【语言组】一、名词解释地域方言音位和音素主谓谓语句离合词描写性定语意动用法四体二用《说文解字》连绵词直音和反切二、问答题1.词的活用和兼词的区别2.古今词义演变3.现代汉语中，音位/a/和音位/u/的音位变体4.构词形态和构形形态有什么区别，汉字中有这两种形态吗？5.如何区分古代汉语被动句的句型？▷【809 阅读与写作】：这一科有两题，一题是文言文翻译，一题是写作文。

今年文言文没让句读，直接让翻译的，但是很长，而且给的是繁体字，好像是黄德宽书上的，在《史记》那一章里，考得是《太史公自序》的节选。

至于作文，今年是给了个方向，让你自拟题目。

一、文言文翻译夫阴阳四时、八位、十二度、二十四节各有教令，顺之者昌，逆之者不死则亡，未必然也，故曰\\\"使人拘而多畏\\\"……(太长了，这里中间我就省略了)……由是观之，神者生之本也，形者生之具也。

不先定其神形，而曰\\\"我有以治天下\\\"，何由哉?二、作文请结合《文心雕龙·神思》：“意翻空而易奇，言征实而难巧。

2014-2015年安大英语考研真题回忆版2014回忆版(论坛)基础英语：今年与往年不同，练习册上的原题目几乎是没有。

总共有七大板块：Part 1 V ocabulary(30*1') Part 2 Derivation（20*1'）Part 3 Blank Filling（20*1'）Part 4 Explaining Meaning of the Words and the Phrases(10*2') Part5 Paraphrase(5*4') Part 6 Erroring (10*2') Part 7 Reading Comprehension(10*2')选择题总共有30题，前10题据有的同学说是专四真题，反正我只从网上打印了09到13年的真题，答案也是网上给的。

我只确定有一题我有做过。

He __fifty or so when I first met him in a party. A. had been B. should be C. could be D. must have been 我当时选的是D选项，可是记得当时给的参考答案给的是C。

我当时也没细细去查，以为是“or so”的缘故。

说这个例子，主要是想对学妹学弟们说要弄清楚自己做过的每一道题，不然还不如不做得好。

然后词汇这一块，比往年要简单些，比练习册上的词汇练习要简单些。

单词变型我目前确定我有三处错误：（explore）______discussion应该填exploratory”探索性的；He is the only _____in the earthquake（survive）我记得做过类似的题，我记得survivor不存在，哎，就这样我有错了一题；还有一个到现在还不知道：Her mother ______his father three years.(live) 。

2020年安徽专升本公共课—英语真题【回忆版】题型及分值：语言知识：共30题，其中词汇15题，语法结构15题，每题1分，共计30分。

阅读理解：由三篇文章组成，每篇有5题，共15题，每题3分，共计45分。

完形填空：由一篇文章组成，共20空，每空1分，共计20分。

句子翻译：共8题。

第1-4题为汉翻英，第5-8题为英翻汉。

第1-7题每题3分，第8题4分，共计25分。

英语写作：写出一篇不少于120个英语单词的短文。

分值为30分。

真题：一、单选1, Betty's score on the test is the highest in her class; she（）studied very hard..A.MayB. shouldC. mustD. ought to2, He suggested_______to tomorrow's exhibition together. to goB. we wentC. we shall goD. we go3, I have two boys but__of them likes sweets.A.bothB. neitherC.eitherD.none4, Time（）the celebration will be held as scheduled.A.permitB. permittingC. permittedD. permits5, professor Wright had Kate___her paper many times before tellingher it was good enough.A.rewrittenB. to writeC. rewriteD. rewriting.6、7、回忆不起来8. I can still remember__for the first time in Hefei.A. to meet herB. to have met herC. having met herD.meeting her9、Ten minutes earlier,（）we could have caught the early bus.A. AndB.butC.orD.so.10、After__for the job, you will be required to take a language Test.A.interviewedB.being interviewedC.interviewingD.having interviewed11.by the end of this week, we surely（）a satisfactory solution to the problem.B.will find.A. have foundB.will find.C.will have foundD.are finding.12.In that country schools in the south tend to be better equipped（）those in North are relatively poor.A.whileB.sinceC. whenD.as13.Mary was much kinder to Nancy, the youngest daughter,（）made her brother jealous.A.whoB. thatC.whic hD. What14 It was only with the help of the local guide ___the missing boy was rescued.A. ThenB.thatC. whenD. who15.Galileo claimed that he had invented____telescope.A.theB. /C. anD.a16.She was participating（）an international English public speaking competition and got the first prize.A.forB.toC.atD.in17.He has been（）to State Supreme Court in Florida.A. AbandonedB.appointedC.chargedpared18. I tried to make him understand that I wasn't interested in him, buthe never got the （）.A. MessagermationC.wordD.new19. He's not found another job yet and it's not___that he will for some time..A.easilyB.hardlyC.likelyD.rarely20.Susan is a very__secretary-she never forgets anything and arranges everything well..A.eagerB.anxiousC.effectiveD. efficier21. More problems will（）as we do the work.A. RiseB.ariseC. raiseD.arrive22. I strongly object（）punishing a whole group for one person's fault.D.forA. AgainstB. aboutC.toD.for23. John used to smoke ____but he gave it up three years ago..A.severelyB.seriouslyC.badlyD.heavily24. She was so___ in her writing that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.A. attractedB.focused C, absorbed D.concentrated25.As time（）on, man becomes old.A.goesB. fliesC.passesD.walks26. It's not surprising you're tired,（）,you were up until three last night.A. Above allB.All in allC.Despite allD. After all27. I couldn't（）what that object was in the dark..A.make outB.make overC.make upD.make for28. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane（）her job as a doctor in the countryside.A.set outB.took over C, took up D.set up29. In modern times people have to learn to（）all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.A.bring withB. stay withC.carry withD. live with30.To be frank, I have had great difficulty_____the rest of the class.A. keeping up withB.making up forC.putting up toing up with二、完型Stephen Hawking, one of the world's most important scientists, believes that to survive,humans must move into space. Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe,Stephen Hawking says.Today, the United States,India, China, and Japan are all planning to send astronauts back to Earth's closest neighbor:the moon. I wants to create space stations there between 2020 and 2030.These stations will adequately prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should colonize space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? There are several advantages: for one,he thinks sending people to the moon and Mars will allow us to learn a lot about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. For example, whether living on other planets is possible. Then, we can Eventually ally create new human societies on other planets. In addition, the advances that we make for space travel in the fields of science, technology,medicine, and health can also benefit us here on Earth. SpaceX is a company that builds rockets. Its owner, Elon Musk, also believes we should colonize Mars, but he doesn't want just one small colony. He doesn't want to send just"one little missions" he would like tosend millions of people.But not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smartidea. Many say it's too expensive to send people,even on a short(48)journey. And most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take about six months. People travelling this kind of distance face a number of health problems. Also,these first people would find life extremely difficult out in space. On the moon's surface,for example, the air and the sun's rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.Despite these concerns, sending people into space seems certain. In the future，we might see lunar（月球上的）cities and maybe even new human cultures on other planets.三、阅读（1）Last summerI took a trip to an island. I had a lot of fun. I sat and watched the waves and listened to the ocean.I learned to identify birds.I discovered pretty things and enjoyed the taste of new foods. It was a very nice time.One evening I took a pleasant walk by the ocean. When the waves came in, many starfish fell in the beach. Some starfish went back into the water, and they are safe. But other starfish were still on the sand. They would dieif they not get into the water. There were many starfish on the beach that night. It made me sad, but I knew I could not fix the problem. I stepped very carefully so l did not damage them.Then I saw a little girl. She was also sad about the starfish. She wanted to prevent all of them from dying. She asked me if I could perhaps help her. "To be frank, J don't think we can do anything,"I said.The little girl started to cry. She sat back against a rock and thought for awhile.Finally, the emotion was gone. She stopped crying and stood up.Then she picked up a starfish and threw it into the water."What are you doing?"I asked her. But she did not answer me. She just threw as many starfish as she could. "You cannot save all of them!"I said.She stopped to look at me."No, I cannot save them all," she replied. Then she picked up a very big starfish and said, "But I can save this one." And then she smiled and threw the starfish as far as she could into the ocean.32. what made the writer feel sad?A. watching the wavesB. walking on the beachC. identify birdsD.starfish dying on the sand33. what caused the little girl's emotion?A.starfish were dying on the sand.B.she fell on the rock and hurt herself.C. she could not stop the starfish from dying on the sand.D. the writer's refusal.34. what did the girl mean by "but I can save this one"A. She would save just this starfish.B. she liked the big starfish.C. she gave up saving all the starfish on the beach.D. she would save as many as she could.35. what is the story about?A.an interesting trip to an island.B. How to save starfish.C. A girl's saving of starfish,D.A girl who is too emotional.（2）（天津专升本2015阅读理解第三篇的原题）Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those who are interested in adventure and sport，there is a lot to do. Some of the best swimming，snorkeling（潜游）and sea kayaking（海上游艇）can be found here，Vanuatu's islands offer visitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano（火山）surfing and land diving. Volcano SurfingOn Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters into the sky.Yasur is an active volcano，and it erupts（爆发）almost every day，sometimes several times a day. For centuries, people have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways, volcano surfingis like surfing in the sea, but in other ways it's very different.Volcano surfers try to escape the erupting volcano-without getting hit by flying rocks! It's fast, fun and dangerous-the perfect extreme sport（极限运动）.Land DivingMost people are familiar with bungee jumping, but do you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, first called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony（宗教仪式）ceremony. A man ties tree vines（树藤）to his legs.He thenjumps head-first from a high tower to touch the earth with the top of his head—without breaking the vine or hitting the earth hard. Every spring, island natives(men only)stil take part in this amazing test of bravery.36.what's the writer's purpose?.A. to talk about the world's best volcano surfers and land divers.B. to introduce volcano surfing and diving.C. to talk about the dangers of volcano surfing and land diving.D. T o introduce the origin of volcano surfing.37. which of the following is NOT true about Vanuatu?.A. It is the smallest country in the world.（没回忆出来）38. what can be learned from Mount Yasur..A.itis 1000 meters high.B. it has been 15 centuries since the beginning of volcano surfing.C. it is an active volcano.D. it erupts several times a day.39. in paragraph 3"the earth"refers to（）.A. the grounB. the treeC. the towerD. the local people40. how are volcano surfing and land diving similar?A. Both are old sports.B. Both are extreme activities.C. Both are religious ceremoniesD.both men and women do them.（3）The first emperor of China, Qin Shihuang, accomplished a huge amount during his rule.Between 221 and 210 B.C, he started the construction of the Great Wall. He built a large network of roads. He introduced a new writing system，currency（货币），and a set of measurements. The emperor also ordered the construction of a huge army of life-sized terracotta soldiers. These,he hoped, would protecthis tomb after his death.The soldiers in Xi'an's terracotta museum are today light brown,but they weren'talways. They began as an army of red, blue, yellow, green, white, and purple. Sadly, most of the colors did not last to the present day. After being exposed to air during excavation（挖掘）the coating under the paint began to fall off. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes to boil an egg, taking with it important pieces of history.Now new techniques are starting to reveal the army's true colors, Archaeologists have recently discovered an area with more than a hundred soldiers. Many of these still have their painted features, including black hair, pink faces, and black or brown eyes. Chinese and German.researchers have developed a special liquid to help preserve the soldiers'colors.After they find a soldier or ather artifacts（手工艺品），archaeologists spray it with the liquid. They, then cover it in plastic.Archaeologists are also finding colors in the dirt around the soldiers. It's important not te disturb the dirt, so the colors won't be lost. "We are treating the earth os an artifact."says archeologist Rong Bo, the museum's laading chemist. The next challenge, says Rong, is to find a way to apply the calors to the army again. Once that happens, artists can bring Emperor Qin's army back to life in full, vivid color.41. the reading is mainly about___.A. the achievements of Emperor Qin.B. The original colors of terracotta soldiers.C. The soldiers'life under Emperor Qin.D. The building of the terracotta soldiers.42. the emperor built the terracotta soldier to__.A. show the greatness of Qin Dynasty.B. be enjoyed by people.C.protect Emperor Qin's tombD. protect the dynasty.43.the word in paragraph 2"light".A. not darkB.not brownC.not fattyD.shinning44.没回忆出来45.according to RongBo,__A. the soldiers'true colors can be restored.B.the earth aroused the soldier is destroyed.C.archaeologists can only guess the soldiers' original colors.D. artists should be able to paint the soldiers in any color they want.翻译Section A汉译英1.经过3个小时的步行，我们终于抵达公园。

2020英语考研真题The 2020 English Postgraduate Entrance Exam (考研英语) has been highly anticipated by countless students. As one of the crucial steps in pursuing higher education in English, this exam tests the proficiency of candidates in various aspects of the language. In this article, we will explore the format and content of the 2020 English Postgraduate Entrance Exam, as well as offer tips for successful preparation.I. Exam FormatThe 2020 English Postgraduate Entrance Exam consists of three sections: Vocabulary and Grammar, Reading Comprehension, and Writing. Each section carries a certain weightage in the overall assessment. Let's delve into each section individually.A. Vocabulary and GrammarThis section challenges the candidates' knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar rules. It requires a solid foundation in the language to answer correctly. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their understanding of synonyms, antonyms, collocations, idioms, and tenses. Practice is crucial to excel in this section.B. Reading ComprehensionThe Reading Comprehension section evaluates the candidates' ability to comprehend long passages and answer questions based on them. These passages encompass a wide range of topics, including literature, science, history, and sociology. In order to succeed in this section, candidates shouldpractice skimming, scanning, and identifying main ideas to improve their reading speed and comprehension.C. WritingThe Writing section gauges the candidates' ability to express their thoughts and opinions in a coherent and structured manner. The assigned topics may vary, covering social issues, current events, or academic subjects. Candidates should focus on organizing their thoughts effectively, using appropriate vocabulary, and demonstrating a clear understanding of the given topic.II. Tips for Preparing the ExamMastering the English Postgraduate Entrance Exam requires diligent and consistent preparation. Consider the following tips to enhance your chances of success:A. Build VocabularyTo excel in the Vocabulary and Grammar section, candidates must expand their vocabulary. Engage in activities such as reading newspapers, novels, and articles, as well as watching English movies and TV series. Make use of vocabulary learning apps and create flashcards to memorize new words.B. Read ExtensivelyReading comprehension skills can be improved through extensive reading. Practice reading a variety of texts, including fiction, non-fiction,and academic articles. Take note of the main ideas, supporting details, and any unfamiliar vocabulary encountered during the process.C. Enhance Grammar KnowledgeDeveloping a strong grasp of grammar rules is essential for success in the exam. Study grammar textbooks and workbooks, and practice applying grammar rules in sentences and paragraphs. Review different tenses, sentence structures, and common grammatical errors.D. Practice Writing EssaysThe Writing section requires candidates to express their ideas effectively. Practice writing essays on a variety of topics, and seek feedback from teachers or language experts. Pay attention to sentence structures, coherence, and logical reasoning when constructing your essay.III. ConclusionThe 2020 English Postgraduate Entrance Exam is a crucial step for individuals aspiring to pursue postgraduate studies in English. By understanding the exam format and preparing effectively, candidates can enhance their chances of success. Diligent practice, vocabulary expansion, extensive reading, and essay writing practice are key factors in achieving a high score. Best of luck to all the candidates!。