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高考英语必考点学案：形容词与副词一、形容词和副词基本用法（一）形容词基本用法1.作定语，修饰名词、代词。
如：I have an interesting book.我有一本有趣的书。
2.作表语。
通常与系动词be , get , grow , bee , feel , appear, prove , seem, look, keep, smell, taste, sound , turn, remain 等连用。
如：The weather is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。
3.作宾补。
如：The news made every one happy.这则消息令每个人都很高兴。
The wall was painted green.墙被刷成了绿色。
4.作状语，用来说明主语的特征、状态。
表示伴随、原因、结果等。
如：Tired and hot, we had to stop to have a break.又累又热，我们不得不停下来休息。
He fell down dead.他倒下死了。
（二）副词基本用法1.作状语。
通常修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
如He runs fast.他跑得很快。
The book is very interesting.这本书很有趣。
The bus came quite early.公共汽车到得很早。
She left shortly after the meeting.会议刚结束她就走了。
（修饰介词短语）Frankly, I don’t agree with you.说实话，我不同意你的意见。
（修饰句子）2.作表语。
如：Class is over.下课了。
Time is up.时间到。
3.作定语。
如：Do you know the girl upstairs? 你认识楼上的女孩吗？Soon you will be acquainted with the people around. 不久你就会熟悉这附近的人。
2020届高考一轮复习语法专项十二：形容词和副词比较级和最高级及其使用形容词的比较级和最高级副词的比较级和最高级1．大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。
2．少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级。
几个特殊的形容词和副词far farther, further farthest,further old older, elder oldest, eldest 比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as 原形as (as 原形+名词as ) The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. He has not as much money as his friend.不及not as(so) 原形as (notas[so ]+名词+原形as )She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth. 超越the +比较级+of the two两者中较… 的一个He is the taller of the two.用于否定no +比较级+than 和…一样不He is no richer than I.他和我一样不富有。
用于否定最…不过His work couldn't be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。
程度递增er and er，more and more+多音节词原级(越来越…)higher and higher more and more important两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级（越…，越…）The quicker you get ready, the sooner we'llbe able to leave.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（…之中最…）Of all things in the world, people are theprecious.比较级结构的修饰语1．用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as that one.We have a third as many students as we had last term.2．用于比较级前many, a few (用于"more +可数名词"前)It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3．用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondThis hat is by far the largest in the world.Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .位置与功能高考重点要求1．掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法2．掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。
形容词与副词考点清单●一形容词的特征1.作定语一般位于被修饰词的前面a sunny day阳光明媚的一天 a kind person一个和蔼可亲的人a funny story一个滑稽可笑的故事classical music古典音乐2.作表语位于连系动词的后面Miss Green is very stric t.格林老师非常严格。
I am feeling lonely.我感到孤独。
I am very busy recently. 我最近很忙。
3.多数形容词有比较级和最高级a clever boy一个聪明的男孩a cleverer boy一个更聪明的男孩the cleverest boy最聪明的男孩[练全题点]单句语法填空1. The baby__________(sleep) is Mrs. Green's son.2. The house_______(fully) of smoke belongs to Mr. White.3. The man__________( responsibility) for the trip is handsome.4. He is the person_________(awareness) of the danger.5. The river is twenty metres_________(width).考点清单二形容词的基本用法及构成一、形容词的基本用法形容词在句中主要作定语、表语、补足语,有时也可以作状语、独立成分等。
1.作定语She is a pretty girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。
We should learn the advanced foreign experience.我们应该学习外国先进的经验。
特别点击有些形容词通常只放在名词前作定语。
live fish 活鱼outdoor activities 户外活动golden sunlight金色的阳光digital cameras数码相机minimum requirement最低要求the chief topic主要的话题2.作表语跟在连系动词be ,feel,get,turn, become ,prove,seem等后作表语。
2012届高考一轮复习语法专项十二：形容词和副词比较级和最高级及其使用形容词的比较级和最高级副词的比较级和最高级1.大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和moｓt 来构成比较级和最高级。
2．少数单音节副词,加er,eｓt构成其比较级和最高级。
几个特殊的形容词和副词ｆarfａrｔhｅr, fuｒtheｒfarthｅsｔ,fｕrtｈer old oldｅr, elｄeｒｏldｅst,eldeｓt 比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as原形ａｓ(as 原形＋名词aｓ) The train travelｓas fａst ａs tｈｅ３:5５ｔｒain. He hａs nｏt asｍu ｃh moｎeｙａｓhｉｓｆｒｉenｄ.不及nｏt as(ｓo) 原形aｓ(not aｓ[so]＋名词＋原形as )Sｈeｉｓnoｔas (sｏ)beautiful asheｒsistｅr．比较级+ tｈanＨeａlth is morｅimｐortanｔｔhanwｅalth.超越thｅ+比较级+ｏf the tｗｏ两者中较… 的一个He isｔhｅｔaller of ｔhｅｔwo.用于否定nｏ＋比较级+tｈan和…一样不Ｈe is no ricｈeｒｔhan Ｉ.他和我一样不富有。
用于否定最…不过His wｏrk couldn't bｅwoｒsｅ．他的工作再糟糕不过了。
程度递增eｒaｎd eｒ，ｍｏre aｎdmore+多音节词原级(越来越…）higｈer andｈigｈer more aｎd moreｉmporｔant两种情况同时变化thｅ+比较级,the＋比较级（越…，越…）The quiｃｋｅr youｇｅt rｅａdｙ，tｈe ｓoonerｗe'll be able to leaｖｅ.三者或三者以上比the +最高级+oｆ／ｉn+比较范围（…之中最…)Of all thinｇs iｎthe woｒld，pｅopｌｅare ｔhe ｐｒeｃｉｏｕｓ．较比较级结构的修饰语ﻫ 1.用于原级之前:ﻫalｍｏｓt, nｅａrlｙ, just，eｘａctly, ｑuiｔe, haｌf , twiｃｅ,thｒeｅtimｅs，a third,etc.ﻫＪoｈn iｓａｌmoｓtａｓtalｌas you.The riveｒｉｓthree tiｍes as lonｇａs that one.ﻫWe haveａthｉrｄaｓｍａｎy stuｄentｓａs wｅhａd lａstｔerm.2．用于比较级前ﻫｍａｎy, a fｅw (用于"more+可数名词"前）Iｔtａkes many morｅhoｕrs ｔo gｏtherｅbyｔｒａin tｈaｎbyｐlane.a lot, mｕch，a bｉt, even，ａｌiｔtle ，still, a ｇｒeat dｅａｌ,fａr，ｒａther, tｗo years, tｅｎperceｎt,threｅｔｉmes etc．ﻫIｔ's coｌd this yｅａr,bｕt ｉt＇s evｅn ｃoｌder last year.ﻫＷe pｒodｕced ６% ｍorｅｇrａin this ｙear thａｎwe dｉd last year.３．用于形容词和最高级前ｔhe veｒy ，much the ,by faｒthe，ｔhe ｆiｒst/ｓeｃondTｈｉs hat isｂy ｆaｒｔhｅlａｒgｅst ｉn the woｒld.ﻫGoｌd is the vｅry most vaｌuable of all mａtｅｒiａｌs ．位置与功能高考重点要求ﻫ1．掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法ﻫ2．掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。
考点一名词一、可数名词Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several companies①.He works seven days① a week and 12 months② a year.In his spare time he likes watching football matches③.He likes eating tomatoes④ but he doesn’t eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has two pet horses⑥ and he often rides them with his friends on Mr Black’s farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery of the farm⑧ is very beautiful.Mr Black is a friend of his⑨，who raises some cows and goats.注释：1.可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；以元音字母加y结尾的名词，加-s。
②以-th 结尾的名词加-s。
③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stomach)。
④以-o结尾加-es 的单词有：英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes)，其他多直接加-s。
⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变f或fe为v，再加-es。
但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(roof)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。
⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。
2．名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。
多为单数名词作定语，但woman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。
3．名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-’s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-’。
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校语法专题十二形容词和副词形容词用来修饰名词，常放在名词前作定语，或者放在系动词后面作表语。
而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者整个句子，其位置比较灵活。
高考经常考查形容词和副词的辨析，以及副词短语的辨析。
考点一形容词作定语的排列顺序几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（a，the，these）＋数量形容词（two，three）＋描绘性形容词（beautiful）＋大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large，long，high）＋新旧或年龄（old）＋颜色（red）＋国籍（Chinese）＋材料（wool，steel）＋目的或用途＋名词。
an old brown woolen carpet 一件旧的棕色羊毛地毯考点二倍数表达法1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词（size，length，height 等）＋of＋B4．A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B5．A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句This building is three times higher than that one.This building is three times as high as that one.This building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的三倍高。
The output of this year is 3 times that of 2012.＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2012.今年的产量是的三倍。
考点三形容词、副词的比较级1．“as＋形容词＋（a/an）＋名词＋as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。
高考英语一轮复习语法点专题讲解形容词和副词形容词可用于作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等；副词也能够作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。
一、形容词作定语时的位置大部分形容词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前面, 如a red bus, a beautiful park, cold weather等,但实际运用时须注意以下情形。
1.当多个的形容词修饰一个名词时应该注意形容词的一样排列顺序。
“限定词＋一样描画性形容词＋表示大小、长短、高低的形容词＋表示形状的形容词＋表示年龄、新旧的形容词＋表示颜色的形容词＋表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词＋表示物质、材料的形容词＋表示用途、类别的形容词＋被修饰的名词”例如：his beautiful small round old brown French wooden writing table因此，在实际运用中用如此多的形容词修饰一个名词并不多见。
2.形容词修饰everything, something, anything, nothing时, 只能放在其后面。
如:Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.I’ve got something important to say.There is nothing interesting at all.3.else只能修饰疑问代词who, whom, whose, what和不定代词something, anything, nothing, somebody,someone, anybody, anyone和nobody, no one.而且只能放在其后。
如:Is there anything else you want to say?What else do you want?else与上述疑问代词和不定代词构成所有格时, 只能在else后加's, 而不能在疑问代词或不定代词后加's. 如说someone else's, 而不能说* someone’s else。
形容词和副词形容词可用于作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等；副词也可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。
一、形容词作定语时的位置大部分形容词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前面, 如a red bus, a beautiful park, cold weather等,但实际运用时须注意以下情况。
1.当多个的形容词修饰一个名词时应该注意形容词的一般排列顺序。
“限定词＋一般描绘性形容词＋表示大小、长短、高低的形容词＋表示形状的形容词＋表示年龄、新旧的形容词＋表示颜色的形容词＋表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词＋表示物质、材料的形容词＋表示用途、类别的形容词＋被修饰的名词”例如：his beautiful small round old brown French wooden writing table当然，在实际运用中用如此多的形容词修饰一个名词并不多见。
2.形容词修饰everything, something, anything, nothing时, 只能放在其后面。
如:Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.I’ve got something important to say.There is nothing interesting at all.3.else只能修饰疑问代词who, whom, whose, what和不定代词something, anything, nothing, somebody,someone, anybody, anyone和nobody, no one.而且只能放在其后。
如:Is there anything else you want to say?What else do you want?else与上述疑问代词和不定代词构成所有格时, 只能在else后加's, 而不能在疑问代词或不定代词后加's. 如说someone else's, 而不能说* someone’s else。
who else的所有格有两种形式who else's 或whose else例如:— Is this hat yours?— Whose else ( =Who else's) could it be ?4.enough和nearby作形容词时可放在所修饰的名词前,也可放在其后。
如:a nearby building =a building nearbyWe have enough food(=food enough)to last us for a week.(food enough…是旧用法,现在已不常用了。
)二、貌似副词的形容词在英语构词法中, 以-ly结尾的词并不是副词,而是形容词。
常见的有:e1derly (渐老的, 年龄相当大的), friendly (朋友似的, 友好的), lively (活泼的, 生动的), lonely (孤独的, 寂寞的), lovely (可爱的, 美丽的), orderly (有秩序的,整齐的)等。
如:She gave us a lively lesson yesterday. 她昨天给我们上了一节生动的课。
*She gave us a lesson lively. (误将lively用作副词, 是错句)应该说: She gave us a lesson in a lively way. 她生动地给我们上一节课。
三、表语形容词形容词在句子中的主要作用是作定语、表语和宾语补足语。
英语中大部分形容词都具有这些功能。
但也有少数形容词通常只作表语。
常见的有afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake, glad, scarce, sorry, sure, worth, unable等。
例如:The child is asleep/sleeping. (作表语)但是:the sleeping child,不能说*the asleep child(作定语) 注意:1)只能作表语的形容词常可作后置定语（相当省略关系代词和系动词的定语从句）如:Who's the greatest man (that is) alive?The people (who are) present at the meeting are famous scientists.The boy (who is) afraid of exams is my brother.2)若这些形容词前有修饰语时, 也可放在名词前面作定语, 如:a fast asleep man, the wide awake child.它们还可作宾语补足语和主语补足语,如:People who find hibernating animals asleep often think they are dead. (作宾语补足语)An enemy officer was caught alive. (作主语补足语)四、系表结构中形容词后的宾语afraid, glad, sorry, sure, worth等形容词与系动词 be, seem等一起构成的系表结构后可以带一个宾语。
现分叙如下:1.be afraid to do sth.表示“不敢干某事”, 而be afraid of sth. (doing sth.) 则表示“害怕 (干)某事”，如:She is afraid to go out alone at night. (她不敢夜晚独自出门.)Are you afraid of snakes? (你害怕蛇吗?)试比较下列两个句子:She was afraid to wake her husband.She was afraid of waking her husband.第一句意思是“她不敢吵醒她的丈夫.”怕她丈夫可能由此而生气。
第二句的意思是“她怕吵醒了她的丈夫。
”可能因为她丈夫生病了或需要睡眠。
be afraid + that-clause表示一种委婉的客套话, that可以省略。
如:I am afraid (that) I can’t go with you.2.be glad后可接of, 不定式或that-clause. 如:I am glad of your success.I am glad to meet you.I am glad that you have passed the examination.3.be sorry可接about或for, 也可按不定式或that-clause. 如:Aren't you sorry about (for) what you've done?I’m sorry for you.We're sorry to hear that.4.be sure可接of或about,也可接不定式或that-clause。
如:We're sure of a warm welcome.I was not sure about two things — the grammar and some of the idioms.Are you sure that he is honest?5.worth, worth while和worthybe worth表示“价值”时, 可直接接名词。
如:The used car is worth ＄300 at most.还可接动名词的一般式, 主语为动名词的逻辑宾语。
如:This book is worth reading.在It is worth while这一结构中, it为形式主语,后面可用动名词, 也可用动词不定式:It is worth while visiting the place.It is worth while to visit the place. (= The place is worth visiting.)形容词worthy可作定语, 修饰名词。
如a worthy team 1eader. 它与of连用可作后置定语。
如:an enemy worthy of his sword (剑); a cause worthy of support作表语时, of后可接名词。
如:This place is worthy of a visit. 也可接动名词, 常用其被动式。
如:This place is worthy of being visited. (=This place is worth visiting.)如不与of连用, 则可接动词不定式的被动式。
如:This book is worthy to be read. ( = The book is worth reading.)五、形容词、副词前定冠词的用法说明：在形容词、副词的比较级和最高级中，我们所谈到的所谓的冠词“the” 严格地说, 应该是副词，但出于习惯或者是为了使语法术语简单化，这里我们姑且仍将其称为冠词。
1.形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词, 副词最高级前可加可不加定冠词。
2.形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词或不加冠词, 表示“非常”。
如:This is a most interesting story.但如果这个名词短语后面带有一个表示范围的短语或从句, 则要用定冠词。
即:This is the most interesting story in this book (I've ever heard).3.表示两者间“较…的一个”时, 形容比较级前需加定冠词。
如:Which is the better of the two pianos?Who is the elder of the two brothers?4.一般说来, 在same之前要加定冠词。
如:They are exactly the same.We are of the same age.又如在短语中: all the same, at the same time等。
5.在the + 比较级…the + 比较级…表示“越…就越…”这个结构中, 不管是形容词还是副词都必须加定冠词。
如:The nearer an object is to us, the bigger it looks.The more they talked, the more excited they were.6.在某些形容词前加上定冠词, 则表示同类人。
如: the rich(富人),the poor (穷人), the young (年轻人), the blind (盲人), the wounded (伤员), the dead (死去的人)，当它们作句子的主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式；但若是指一个人或抽象事物的形容词则常用单数形式。
