Unit 4 History and Traditions名词Noun1. Confucius孔子e.g.: Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion.2. mansion公馆；宅第e.g.: He conducted as personally through the mansion.3. cemetery墓地；公墓e.g.: I can show you the Cemetery of Confucius.4. philosophy哲学e.g.: Xiao Kong is doing a research project on Confucius philosophy.5. descendant后裔；后代；子孙e.g.: In fact, I believe I am a descendant of Confucius himself.6. heel足跟；（脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟e.g.: The sergeant clicked his heels and walked out.7. Achilles’ heel （喻）（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点e.g.: I’m looking for the Confucius Temple, but I’m not good at maps – they’re my Achilles’ heel!8. kingdom王国；领域e.g.: What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?9. currency通货；货币e.g.: You’ll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credit card.10. defence防御；保卫e.g.: When her brother was criticized, she leapt to his defence.11. evidence证据；证明e.g.: We found further scientific evidence for this theory.12. achievement成就；成绩；达到e.g.: Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.13. location地方；地点；位置e.g.: The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK.14. port港口（城市）e.g.: The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.15. amount金额；数量e.g.: We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.16. gallery（艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊e.g.: The gallery was known for putting on daring exhibitions.17. landscape（陆上，尤指乡村的）风景e.g.: Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.18. honey蜂蜜e.g.: She licked the honey off the spoon.19 ancestor祖宗；祖先e.g.: The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.20. position位置；姿态；职位e.g.: Where would be the best position for the lights?21. courtyard庭院；院子e.g.: The house is built around a central courtyard.22. snack点心；小吃e.g.: Some of the snacks there are amazing.23. poet诗人e.g.: The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets.24. county（英国、爱尔兰的）郡；（美国的）县e.g.: The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.25. feast盛宴；宴会；节日e.g.: The evening was a real feast for music lovers.26. cattle牛e.g.: These cattle are one of the purest breeds in Britain.27. ocean大海；海洋e.g.: And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.28. scent气味；气息e.g.: The air was filled with the scent of wild flowers.29. pub酒吧；酒馆e.g.: To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer.30. wine葡萄酒；果酒e.g.: They now say that red wine is good for you.31 beer（一杯）啤酒e.g.: Are you a beer drinker?32. custom风俗；习俗；习惯e.g.: If you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.33. transition过渡；转变；变迁e.g.: We need to ensure a smooth transition between the old system and the new one.动词Verb1. belong应在（某处）；适应e.g.: Where do these plates belong?2. surround围绕；包围e.g.: Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.3. conquer占领；征服；控制e.g.: They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.4. announce宣布；通知；声称e.g.: When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.5. ensure保证；确保；担保e.g.: She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely.6. greet问候；迎接e.g.: On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.形容词Adjective1. military军事的；军用的e.g.: We may have to take military action.2. legal法律的；合法的e.g.: For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.3. fascinating极有吸引力的；迷人的e.g.: The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.4. generous慷慨的；大方的；丰富的e.g.: Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.5. eager热切的；渴望的e.g.: She’s eager for her parents’ approval.6. sensory感觉的；感官的e.g.: Both motor and sensory functions are affected.7. striking引人注目的；显著的e.g.: She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister.兼类词Words with Multiple Part of Speech1. individual adj.单独的；个别的n.个人e.g.: An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words.2. chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的n.（公司或机构的）首领；酋长e.g.: According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country?3. puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑e.g.: Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.4. nearby adj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近e.g.: In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.5. battle n.战役；搏斗vi. & vt.搏斗；奋斗e.g.: I’m bored by history – dates and battles and all that stuff.6. charge n.收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电e.g.: Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.7. approach n. 方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近e.g.: It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.8. butter n.黄油；奶油vt.涂黄油于e.g.: She buttered four thick slices of bread.9. roll vi. & vt.（使）翻滚；（使）滚动n.卷（轴）；翻滚e.g.: Wallpaper is sold in rolls.10. dot n. 点；小（圆）点vt.加点；遍布e.g.: Small villages dot the countryside.11. roar vi. & n.吼叫；咆哮e.g.: We heard a lion roar.12. stew n.炖菜（有肉和蔬菜）vt. & vi.炖；煨e.g.: Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew.13. crowd n.人群；一群人；民众vt.挤满；使……拥挤e.g.: Dave could not find a seat in the room which was very crowded.短语Expression1. join …to …把……和……连接或联结起来e.g.: The last country was Ireland, but later the southern half didn’t want to be joined to the United Kingdom.2. break away (from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱e.g.: In the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today.3. belong to属于e.g.: The tour countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.4. as well as同（一样也）；和；还e.g.: They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.5. keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意e.g.: If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.。
