2019_2020学年新教材高中英语课时分层作业30(含解析)新人教版必修1

课时分层作业(一) Section Ⅰ(建议用时：35分钟)[高考题型练习提能力]Ⅰ.阅读理解AI think a close friend is someone you get on really well with, who helps you when you have problems, who gives you advice, and who always has time for you.I didn't use to have many close friends when I was at school or at university as I was very shy, but now I have several.They are all women －I think it's difficult to have a close friend of the opposite sex (异性)．－MarieI don't really have any close friends.I know a lot of people but mainly through work, and the kind of social occasions (场合) when we meet are business dinners and evening parties.I think if you come from a really close family, then friends are a bit unnecessary.The little free time I have I prefer to spend with my family.－RichardI think a close friend is someone whom you've known for a long time, and whom you still get on well with.They probably have similar hobbies to you so you can do things together.I've got three close friends whom I was at high school with and we often play out together (without our parents of course)．We always go camping and somewhere we can go walking, play football and be outside in the open air.－David For me, close friends are the people you spend your free time with.I go out at weekends with a group of people－there are about seven of us, and I'd say we are all close friends.We also live near each other.I don't think you can have close friends in the distance (在远处); you need to be able to see each other often.But I don't think you need to be doing the same things.I mean I'm at university but none of my friends are.－Ana 【语篇解读】本文是应用文。

课时分层作业(二)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThe following are four adventure movies for kids.Toy StoryIn this story，toys come to life when nobody is watching. Woody，a cowboy doll，feels unhappy when a new spaceman figure Buzz takeshis place as the favourite toy of six­year­ol d Andy.Buzz and Woodyget into a fight and get trapped together in the next­doorneighbour's house and they have to find their way home.In that journey，they form a close friendship and work together through everything.How to Train Your DragonYoung man Viking Hiccup wants to fight against the dragons thatcontinually attack his town.But after finally catching his firstdragon whom he names Toothless，Hiccup realizes that he no longerwants to kill it and instead treats it kindly.He learns that hispeople have misjudged the species.UpThe story is about Carl Fredrickson，a 78­year­old man who setsout to realize his lifelong dream of seeing the wilds of South America.He ties thousands of balloons to float his house and to travel toParadise Falls with an unwelcome companion (同伴) Russel，who is aneight­year­old explorer.Despicable MeGru wants to become the greatest thief by stealing the moon rightout of the sky but he meets a challenge.The three girls he had adopted(收养) change his life in a way nobody would consider possible.Theworld's greatest villain (坏人)ends up being from being super­bad toa super­dad.【语篇解读】语篇类型是应用文，主题语境是电影。

课时分层作业(二十八)Ⅰ.阅读理解AIn the last several hundred years，English has borrowed words and expressions from other languages.It may surprise you that English has taken lots of words from Japanese.Here are two examples.In English，tycoon refers to a very rich businessman.Tycoon comes from the Japanese taikun，meaning “great lord or prince”．In the mid­1800s，the United States was ready to use military (军事的) power to force Japan to re­open business with the West.When American officer Matthew Perry arrived in Japan，he refused to meet with anyone other than the highest leader in the country.The Japanese introduced their shogun (a general) to Perry.But they were concerned that the English translation would not seem powerful enough to Perry.So they introduced their shogun using the title taikun.The word tycoon soon became popular in America.It came to mean “top leader”．Even Abraham Lincoln began to like the word.When he was president，people called him tycoon as well.The next example is hunky­dory.This word means “fine” or “free of trouble or problems”．The word hunky­dory is actually a combination (结合) of words from two languages.The first part of the word，“hunky”，means “in a safe place”．In the mid­1800s，“hunk” was a word that children in New York City used in street games.In this game，one or more players run after other players，trying to touch them with their hands.If the players reach the safe place before being caught，they are considered “safe”．The story of the second part of the word “dory” comes from the Japanese word honcho­dori.This was believed to be a street in Japan where American soldiers went to have fun while they were working there.【语篇解读】几百年以前，英语向其他语言“借词”来扩充词汇量，以丰富其含义。

课时分层作业(三）Section Ⅲ、Ⅳ(建议用时:35分钟）［语言知识练习固基础］Ⅰ。

语境填词A)根据汉语提示，写出下列语句中所缺单词的正确形式1．The two sides always disagree （不同意)with each other,so both of them are looking for ways to settle (解决）their disagreements。

2．He had suffered （患病）from a serious illness for a long time，which he finally recovered (康复)from。

3．Having swapped (交换)their opinions about their travel route，they began to pack （打包)up their suitcase （行李箱) to prepare for their journey.4．Even though he dislikes (不喜欢)being offered help，he is still grateful (感激的）to their help.5．What he exactly (确切地）wants is to live a happy life as a teenager （青少年)．B)在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式6．We all think it important to master（master） a foreign language.7．She was disappointed to learn that her parents disagreed（agree)with her decision。

8．He did write to you last week。

9．They left the camp with the fire still burning（burn)．10．Have you packed up your things?Ⅱ.完成句子1．他们一打包好东西就向目的地出发了.As soon as they packed their things up，they set out for their destination.2．他发觉和他的新同学相处有困难。

课时分层作业(十六)阅读理解AThe first true piece of sports equipment that man invented was the ball.In ancient Egypt，as everywhere，pitching(投掷)stones was a favourite children's game.But a badly thrown rock could hurt a child.Looking for something less dangerous to throw，the Egyptians made what was probably the first ball.At first，balls were made of grass or leaves held together by ter they were made of pieces of animal skin sewed together and filled tightly with feathers or hay.Even if the Egyptians were warlike，they found time for peaceful games.Before long they had developed a number of ball games，each with its own set of rules.Perhaps they played ball more for instruction than for fun.Ball playing was thought of mainly as a way to teach young men the speed and skill they would need for war.1．The ball was probably invented because________.A．throwing stones often caused injuriesB．throwing stones was not funC．games with stones did not have rulesD．rocks were too heavy to throwA[推理判断题。

课时分层作业(二十一)阅读理解AWhen an earthquake hit a small town，many houses fell down.After the earthquake，all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in trouble.One Sunday，when I was reading a newspaper，a special picture touched me.It gave the clothing sizes of each family member.I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were less lucky than themselves.I said to my seven­year­old twins，Brad and Brett，and three­year­old Meghan，“We have so mu ch，and these poor people now have nothing.We'll share what we have with them.”I filled a box with foods and clothes.While I was doing this，I encouraged the boys to choose their toys and donate some of their less favourite things.Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together.Then she walked away.A few minutes later，she came back with Lucy，her much­loved doll.She put the doll on top of the other toys.“Oh，dear，”I said.“You don't have to give Lucy.You love her so mu ch.”Meghan said，“Lucy makes me happy，Mummy.Maybe she'll make another little girl happy，too.”I looked at Meghan for a long moment.She taught me a lesson.It's easy to give something that we don't want any more，but hard to give what we cherish(珍爱)，isn't it?【语篇解读】作者从女儿身上悟到了何为真正的给予。

课时分层作业(一)阅读理解AThe alarm sounds.Students swing their backpack over their shoulder，board the school bus，make their way to their homeroom and the bell rings－school is back.But for more homes in America，school looks more like students waking up，making their way to the dining room or home office，setting up laptops and learning in the comfort of home.Virtual (虚拟的) schooling，described as “a public school that offers only instruction in which students and teachers are separated by time and/or place, and interaction occurs via computers and/or telecommunications (电信) technologies”，has increased over the past decade.According to the National Education Policy Center，enrollments(注册人数) in virtual schools increased by 17,000 between the 2015－2016 school year and the 2016－2017 school year to 295,518.For Arizona Virtual Academy，a full­time online public K­12 school，they use K12 Inc.curriculums.K12 Inc.serves students in all 50 states and more than 100 countries with digital learning platforms and technology，pr oviding online education.“We are always improving our platforms and the technology that we use to make sure that we're keeping up with the changing trends，not only with education but also with technology，” Dr.Kelly Van Sande said.Another piece of new techn ology they've rolled out is a new app where parents can find virtual schools available in their area.Carrie Faulkner chose to enroll two of her children in Arizona Virtual Academy.She says they've done schooling online in Chicago，in California，at restaurants and on her cousin's floor in Kansas.“It doesn't matter whether he (her son) is on the couch，in his bed or at the kitchen table，he can do schooling wherever he wants to，” Faulkner said.“I wish they had it for me back when I was in school.That would have been awesome.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了近年来越来越受欢迎的虚拟教育。

课时分层作业(一)[语言知识练习固基础]单句语法填空1．Devoted(devote)to his research work，the professor cared little about any other things.2．Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old，but she never gave up and struggled to lead(lead)an active life.3．It's necessary that couples (should) respect(respect)each other in their daily life.4．On average，people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do.5．She used to be a manager in a company，so she is experienced(experience)in management.6．Both sides expressed satisfaction(satisfy)with the progress so far.7．Thanks to my English teacher's encouragement(encourage)，my English has improved a lot.8．Looking back on the time she spent in the USA，the girl felt very lucky.9．Microblog provides a fun and easy way to keep up with the news and exchange thoughts with friends online.10．Reading (read) aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.[高考题型练习提能力]Ⅰ.阅读理解Sure，it's good to get along well with your teachers because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.And yes，it's good to get along well with your teachers because，in general，it's smart to learn how to get along well with different types of people you'll meet throughout your life.In fact，kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more，but they're more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help.This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests.When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher，he or she can be someone to turn to with problems，such as problems with learning or school issues(问题)．Here is a question：what if you don't get along well with your teachers? In fact，teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn.But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes(个性冲突)，which can happen betweenany two people.If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better，he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen.By dealing with a problem like this，you learn something about how to get along well with people who are different from you.However if a certain teacher isn't your favorite，you can still have a successful relationship with her or him especially ．Here are some of those responsibilities(责任)：Attend class ready to learn.Be prepared for class with the right stationery，books，and completed assignments(作业)．Listen when your teacher is talking.Do your best，whether it's a classroom assignment，homework，or a test.【语篇解读】和老师相处融洽不但有利于学习，还可以锻炼你的社交能力，本文教你如何与老师相处。

课时分层作业(十五) Section Ⅲ、Ⅳ(建议用时：35分钟)[语言知识练习固基础]Ⅰ.语境填词A)根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列语句中所缺单词的正确形式1．A tiger escaped from its cage in the zoo last week.2．The prisoner has served his sentence and will be released tomorrow.3．In my opinion，watching TV is a waste of time.4．A $100reward(奖赏)has been offered for the return of the necklace.5．She begs(请求)them to give her a second chance.B)在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式6．Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.7．He was treated with cruelty(cruel)．8．This is the notebook of which the cover is green.9．Not that I do not want to help you，but that it is beyond my power to do so.10．She is a highly educated(educate)woman，so she is well received by the students.Ⅱ.用适当的关系词或介词＋关系代词填空1．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.2．Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.3．Can you explain the reason why you don't want to help him?4．I bought many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.5．This is the business to which the Greens are devoted.[高考题型练习提能力]阅读理解Introduction of HoliHoli is an ancient festival of colours and love.It is celebrated in India and many parts of South Asia.There are lots of Holi celebrations.It is becoming more and more popular.The festival of colourHoli means the beginning of spring.It is a time to give thanks for the good harvest (收成)．The dates change each year according to the full moon, but it is usually in March and sometimes in late February.People go outside and throw coloured paint powder(粉) at each other.It does not matter whether you are rich or poor, old or young －everyone can throw colours.It is a time to forgive people and repair broken relationships, as well as meet other people, play and have fun.Traditional HoliTraditional Holi celebrations start the night before the throwing of colours.People meet around a bonfire (篝火) and hope that the bad will be destroyed.The next day is the festival of colours.There is music playing, and people run and laugh in the streets and parks.Holi is celebrated outside.Other Holi events in the UKHoli celebrations began as early as the fourth century.It is thousands of years old! But recently，Holi­themed events have become popular with a new generation in Europe and North America.Every year, many people go to Holi events in London and all over the UK.They dress in white T­shirts and return covered in bright colours.There are paint­throwing parties at music festivals and races like the five­kilometre ‘Colour Run’．In the UK, restaurants and cultural organisations also offer their own Holi celebrations, with special dishes, Indian music and dance.【语篇导读】本文介绍了一个印度节日——胡里节(也叫洒红节)让我们一起了解一下吧！1．What can we learn about the Holi festival from the text?A．It takes place in March every year.B．Its celebration means the end of spring.C．It is a festival of love and light.D．It is a festival with a long history.D[细节理解题。

课时分层作业(三)Ⅰ.阅读理解AI took the bus to school every day when I was in grade school.Alvin，our bus driver，came by every morning at 8：00 to pick us up.We were lower­income families.My parents barely made ends meet for them and five of us kids.Alvin picked up around twenty kids in our area and dropped us off after school.About once a month he would make a stop at the local drive­in.Someone would come out and ask each of us if we wanted an ice cream or a drink.Alvin would pay for the whole bus out of his own pocket.The kindness that he showed was amazing.We didn't get treats like that too often and they are fondly remembered.I remember him picking us up at the end of the school year and taking us to his home for a barn dance (谷仓舞)．He would provide drinks and chips for everyone.Remembering the kindness he showed，I called him up twenty years later and thanked him.I told him that he probably wouldn't remember me，but I sure remembered him! We didn't see much kindness from others as we grew up，so it made it all the more special.I could hear the smile in his voice when he thanked me for calling.He's the reason I do my best to show kindness to everyone I cross paths with.He's had such a huge influence in my life and I'm so thankful I was able to tell him.1．All of the following are mentioned in Paragraph 2 EXCEPT that ________.A．about twenty kids rode on the Alvin's busB．it seemed that Alvin didn't like naughty studentsC．thanks to Alvin，the kids could eat free ice creamsD．someone sold things like drinks at the local drive­inB[细节理解题。

课时分层作业(十九)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThese smart actresses attended Ivy League schools，even if they were already busy with the red carpet.◆Claire DanesClaire Danes got her start on the teen drama My SoCalled Lifewhich won her a Golden Globe Award.By the time she started attendingYale in 1998，she was already a famous movie star.It wasn'tsurprising that Danes didn't last very long in college because shewas busy as an in demand actress.Danes has won two Primetime Emmys for her character in Homeland.◆Natalie Por tmanNatalie Portman starred in Star Wars and had a good performancein Black Swan，but she's also a total bookworm.The actress isextremely serious about her studies and graduated from Harvard in2003.After filming Where the Heart Is，Portman moved right into the Harvard University to complete a degree in psychology(心理学)．Portman took a four­year leave from acting to focus on her studies.◆Maggie GyllenhaalMaggie Gyllenhaal isn't just an actress；she's an Ivy Leaguegraduate and full­time mommy！The daughter of filmmakers StephenGyllenhaal and Naomi Achs had Hollywood in her blood but moved awayto attend Columbia University in New York and graduated in 1999.Presently，Gyllenhaal focuses on acting.She's done work for many charities including Witness，an organization that supports people in using video to fight for human rights.◆Mindy KalingMindy Kaling is the third Ivy League graduate to go on to starin The Office.Kaling graduated from Dartmouth in 2001 with a theater degree.In her book Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me？she joked that she attended such a famous college to“pursue(追求)her love of white people”．After graduating，the funny woman pursued acting and eventually landed a role in The Office.【语篇解读】语篇类型是应用文，主题语境是文化娱乐。

课时分层作业(四) Section Ⅰ(建议用时：35分钟)[高考题型练习提能力]Ⅰ.阅读理解AAdvice to English learnersLearners of English, especially self­taught learnersmay have trouble in understanding speeches by nativespeakers.The following ways might help improve theirlistening ability.First of all, do things step by step.It is not good to listen to something beyond your level．Better choose a suitable course and start with the first book.Go on to the second book only after you are sure you understand the first one.Secondly, stick to one course to study.Don't change books often.Never let your attention be attracted by another course just because it seems to be more “fashionable(时髦的)”．Thirdly, listen to the English news programme over the radio from time to time.Better go through the news stori es in the Chinese­language newspaper first.That will make it easy for you to understand the English news on the radio.Fourthly, if you have time, listen to some interesting stories in “Special English” from the VOA or other listening materials of the same level as that of your textbook.【语篇解读】本文主要向英语学习者提供了几条建议。

课时分层作业(一) Section Ⅰ(建议用时：35分钟)[高考题型练习提能力]Ⅰ.阅读理解AI think a close friend is someone you get on really well with, who helps you when you have problems, who gives you advice, and who always has time for you.I didn't use to have many close friends when I was at school or at university as I was very shy, but now I have several.They are all women －I think it's difficult to have a close friend of the opposite sex (异性)．－MarieI don't really have any close friends.I know a lot of people but mainly through work, and the kind of social occasions (场合) when we meet are business dinners and evening parties.I think if you come from a really close family, then friends are a bit unnecessary.The little free time I have I prefer to spend with my family.－RichardI think a close friend is someone whom you've known for a long time, and whom you still get on well with.They probably have similar hobbies to you so you can do things together.I've got three close friends whom I was at high school with and we often play out together (without our parents of course)．We always go camping and somewhere we can go walking, play football and be outside in the open air.－David For me, close friends are the people you spend your free time with.I go out at weekends with a group of people－there are about seven of us, and I'd say we are all close friends.We also live near each other.I don't think you can have close friends in the distance (在远处); you need to be able to see each other often.But I don't think you need to be doing the same things.I mean I'm at university but none of my friends are.－Ana 【语篇解读】本文是应用文。

课时分层作业(六) Section Ⅲ、Ⅳ(建议用时：35分钟)[语言知识练习固基础]Ⅰ.语境填词A)根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列语句中所缺单词的正确形式1．Languages develop continually through usage (使用)．2．The request (要求)didn't seem unreasonable.3．The German speaks English with a strong German accent．4．Go straight on this road until you come to a bus stop.5．We recognize (承认)the problems you've faced and feel sorry for you.B)在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式6．There was an expression (express)of anger on her face.7．The famous actor played the part of a policeman in the play.8．The boss commanded me to go (go) there at once.9．The reason why I fell asleep so quickly is that I was tired.10．Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.Ⅱ.将下列直接引语变为间接引语1．“Don't s wim out too far，”the teacher said to the students.→The teacher told the students not to swim out too far.2．“Do，please，send me to a warm climate.”she said to me.→She asked me to send her to a warm climate.3．“Make sure the door is shut when you go out.”f ather said to me.→Father told me to make sure that the door was shut when I went out.4．Sally asked me，“Will you please pass me the dictionary？”→Sally asked me to pass her the dictionary.5．“Ben，can you come here tomorrow？”Rose asked.→Rose asked Ben if/whether he could go there the next day.[高考题型练习提能力]Ⅰ.阅读理解AIn the last several hundred years, English has borrowed words and expressions from other languages.It may surprise you that English has taken lots of words from Japanese.Here are two examples.In English, tycoon refers to a very rich businessman.Tycoon comes from the Japanese taikun, meaning “great lord or prince”．In the mid­1800s, the United States was ready to use military (军事的) power to force Japan to re­open business with the West.When Ameri can officer Matthew Perry arrived in Japan, he refused to meet with anyone other than the highest leader in the country.The Japanese introduced their shogun (a general) to Perry.But they were concerned that the English translation would not seem powerful enough to Perry.So they introduced their shogun using the title taikun.The word tycoon soon became popular in America.It came to mean “top leader”. Even Abraham Lincoln began to like the word.When he was president, people called him tycoon as well.The next example is hunky­dory.This word means “fi ne” or “free of trouble or problems”．The word hunky­dory is actually a combination (结合) of words from two languages.The first part of the word, “hunky”， means “in a safe place”． In the mid­1800s, “hunk” was a word that children in New York City used in street games.In this game, one or more players run after other players, trying to touch them with their hands.If the players reach the safe place before being caught, they are considered “safe”．The story of the second part of the word “dory” comes from the Japanese word honcho­dori.This was believed to be a street in Japan where American soldiers went to have fun while they were working there.【语篇解读】几百年以前，英语向其他语言“借词”来扩充词汇量，丰富其含义。

课时分层作业(八)Ⅰ.阅读理解AMy husband and I recently went to Disney World with our children and grandchildren.Our grandchildren were excited about the attraction where they can drive the cars.Since our party was uneven in numbers and two people fit in each car，I sat out that one and headed down to take pictures of them.As I waited for them to drive by，I noticed a car with a father and his son who looked to be about 7.They rolled down the hill，and then as they neared where I sat，the car shook a few times and then stopped.The young driver looked frightened，“I can't do it.”His father quietly said，“Yes，you can.”“No.I can't！”“Yes，you can.”The little boy was almost in tears，“I CAN'T！”With deep patience，the father said，“Son，you can do this.I'm going to help you.”Then he talked him through starting the car.And moments later with the father helping his son，the two went smoothly on their way down the track.The scene brought tears to my eyes because I couldn't imagine how many times my father had to do that with me.Every time things got hard or when I had failures along the way，I'd say，“I can't do it.” He'd reply，“You can.” Time and time again he patiently encouraged me on the journey.And just like that little boy's dad，my sweet father would say，“Michelle，you can do t his.I'm going to help you.”That's where the true strength comes in.I can't do things under my own power，but when my father comes beside me and provides wisdom (智慧) and strength，there's no way I can fail.【语篇解读】语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境是生活。

课时分层作业(二十九)Ⅰ.阅读理解ALearn a Second LanguageSome people learn a second language easily.Otherpeople have trouble learning a new language.How can youhelp yourself learn a new language，such as English？There are several ways to make learning English a littleeasier and more interesting.The first step is to feel positive about learning English.If you believe that you can learn，you will learn.Be patient.You do not have to understand everything all at once.It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new.We can learn from our mistakes.In other words，do not worry about taking risks.The second step is to practice your English.You can write in a journal，or keep a diary，every day.You will get used to writing in English，and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English.After several weeks，you will see that your writing is improving.In addition，you must speak English every day.You can practice with your classmates outside class.You will all make mistakes，but gradually you will become comfortable when communicating in English.The third step is to keep a record of your language learning.You can write this in your journal.After each class，think about what you did.Did you answer a question correctly？Did you understand anything the teacher explained？Perhaps the lesson was difficult，but you tried to understand it.Write these accomplishments in your journal.You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it.It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements.You will enjoy learning English，and you will feel more confident in yourself.1．To feel positive about learning English means________.A．if you are patient，you will learnB．you can understand everything all at onceC．if you make mistakes，you can learn from your mistakesD．if you believe you can learn，you will learnD[细节理解题。

课时分层作业(三十)Ⅰ.阅读理解AEnglish has surely become the global language.Whenever we turn on the news to find out what's happening in East Asia，or Africa，or anywhere，people are being interviewed and telling us about it in English.If people look at the facts about the amazing reach of the English language，many would be surprised.English is used in over 90 countries as an official or semi­official language.English is the working language of many international institutes(研究所)as well as of most international research scientists.It is also the language that Indian parents and black parents wish their children to learn.It is believed that over one billion people world­wide are now learning English.One of the most important causes of the spread of English around the world is that Europeans are willing to accept it as their language.English is spreading from northern Europe to the south and is now the second language in countries such as Sweden，Norway，Netherlands and Denmark.If one visits any of them，it would seem that almost everyone there can talk in English.Recently，a report said that at the beginning of 2001，English was the most widely known foreign language with 43% of Europeans saying they spoke it.The report also said that with over 89% of the population speaking English，Sweden now has the highest percentage of English speakers.What's more，English is the language rated as most useful to know，and over 77% of Europeans who do not speak English as their first language consider it useful.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要讲述了英语在世界上的广泛使用。