雅思经典阅读Early Childhood Education

Children's Play in Early Childhood Education1. IntroductionChildren's play is an essential aspect of early childhood education. It not only provides opportunities for children to learn and develop various skills, but also contributes to their social, emotional and cognitive development. In this article, we will explore the importance of children's play in early childhood education and discuss its benefits for young children.2. The Importance of Play2.1 Development of Cognitive SkillsPlay provides children with opportunities to explore, experiment and problem solve. Through play, children can develop their cognitive skills such as critical thinking, creativity, and imagination. For example, when children engage in pretend play, they are able to use their imagination to create different scenarios and roles, which in turn enhances their cognitive abilities.2.2 Social and Emotional DevelopmentPlay also plays a crucial role in the social and emotionaldevelopment of young children. When children engage in play activities with their peers, they learn important social skills such as sharing, cooperation, andmunication. Additionally, play allows children to express their emotions and feelings in a safe and supportive environment, which helps them develop emotional resilience and empathy.2.3 Physical DevelopmentPhysical play, such as running, jumping, and climbing, is essential for the physical development of children. It helps them develop their gross and fine motor skills, coordination, and balance. Moreover, physical play promotes a healthy and active lifestyle, which is important for children's overall well-being.3. Types of Play in Early Childhood Education3.1 Sensorimotor PlaySensorimotor play involves activities that engage children's senses and motor skills. This type of play includes activities such as playing with sensory materials (e.g. sand, water, playdough), exploring different textures, and engaging in movement-based activities. Sensorimotor play is important for children's sensory development and helps them make sense of the world aroundthem.3.2 Constructive PlayConstructive play involves activities that allow children to build, create, and manipulate objects. This type of play includes playing with building blocks, puzzles, and other constructive toys. Constructive play promotes children's problem-solving skills, spatial awareness, and creativity.3.3 Dramatic PlayDramatic play, also known as pretend play, is when children engage in role-playing and imaginative activities. This type of play allows children to explore different roles, relationships, and scenarios, which enhances their language and social skills. Dramatic play also helps children make sense of the world and express their thoughts and feelings.3.4 Cooperative PlayCooperative play involves activities in which children work together towards amon goal. This type of play includes games, sports, and collaborative projects. Cooperative play promotes teamwork,munication, and conflict resolution skills, and helps children develop positive social relationships with their peers.4. The Role of Educators in Supporting Children's Play4.1 Creating a Playful EnvironmentEducators play a crucial role in creating a playful and supportive environment for children's play. They can design the physical space to include a variety of play materials and areas for different types of play. Moreover, educators can incorporate open-ended materials that encourage children's creativity and imagination.4.2 Facilitating Play ExperiencesEducators can also facilitate play experiences by observing and interacting with children during play. They can ask open-ended questions, provide scaffolding, and extend children's play through meaningful conversations and interactions. By actively participating in children's play, educators can support children's learning and development.4.3 Valuing Children's PlayIt is important for educators to recognize the value of children's play and its significance in early childhood education. They should advocate for the importance of play andmunicate itsbenefits to parents, policymakers, and other stakeholders. Educators can also create opportunities for family involvement in children's play and encourage parents to support play at home.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, children's play is an integral part of early childhood education and provides numerous benefits for young children. It fosters their cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development, and enables them to explore, learn, and grow. Educators play a vital role in supporting children's play by creating a conducive environment, facilitating play experiences, and advocating for the value of play. By recognizing the importance of children's play, we can ensure that all children have the opportunity to engage in rich and meaningful play experiences that promote their overall well-being and development.。

雅思考试真题：2012年12月1日雅思阅读A类回顾与点评achievement and achievement-related aspirations. Parental educational level is an important predictor of children’s education al and behavioral outcomes (Davis-Kean, 2005; Dearing, McCartney, & Taylor, 2002; Duncan, Brooks-Gunn, & Klebanov, 1994; Haveman & Wolfe, 1995; Nagin & Tremblay, 2001; Smith, Brooks-Gunn, & Klebanov, 1997). The majority of research on the ways in which parental education shapes child outcomes has been conducted through cross-sectional correlational analyses or short-term longitudinal designs in which parents and children are tracked through the child’s adolescent years. Our main goals in the current study were to examine long-term effects on children’s educational and occupational success of their parents’ educational level while controlling for other indices of family socioeconomic status and the children’s own intelligence, and to examine possible mediator s of the effects of parents’ education on children’s educational and occupational outcomes. Following theory and research on family process models (e.g., Conger et al., 2002; McLoyd, 1989), we expected that indices of family socioeconomic status, including parent education, would predict the quality of family interactions and child behavior. Next, based on social-cognitive-ecological models (e.g., Guerra & Huesmann, 2004; Huesmann, 1998; Huesmann, Eron, & Yarmel, 1987), we expected parental education, the quality of family interactions, and child behavior would shape, by late adolescence, educational achievement and aspirations for future educational and occupational success. Finally, following Eccles’ expectancy-value model (Eccles, 1993; Frome & Eccles, 1998), we predicted that late adolescent aspirations for future success would affect actual educational and occupational success in adulthood. We use data from the Columbia County Longitudinal Study, a 40-year developmental study initiated in 1960 with data collected most recently in 2000 (Eron, Walder, & Lefkowitz, 1971; Lefkowitz, Eron, Walder, & Huesmann, 1977; Huesmann, Dubow, Eron, Boxer, Slegers, & Miller, 2002; Huesmann, Eron, Lefkowitz, & Walder, 1984).Go to:Family Contextual Influences during Middle ChildhoodIn terms of socioeconomic status (SES) factors, the positive link between SES and children’s achievement is well-established (Sirin, 2005; White, 1982). McLoyd’s (1989; 1998) seminal literature reviews also have documented well the relation of poverty and low socioeconomic status to a range of negative child outcomes, including low IQ, educational attainment and achievement, and social-emotional problems. Parental education is an important index of socioeconomic status, and as noted, it predicts children’s educational and behavioral outcomes. However, McLoyd has pointed out the value of distinguishing among various indices of family socioeconomic status, including parental education, persistent versus transitory poverty, income, and parental occupational status, because studies have found that income level and poverty might be stronger predictors of children’s cognitive outcomes compared to other SES indices (e.g., Duncan et al., 1994; Stipek, 1998). Thus, in the present study, we control for other indices of socioeconomic status when considering the effects of parental education.In fact, research suggests that parental education is indeed an important and significant unique predictor of child achievement. For example, in an analysis of data from several large-scale developmental studies, Duncan and Brooks-Gunn (1997) concluded that maternal education was linked significantly to children’s intellectual outcomes even after controlling for a variety of other SES indicators such as household income. Davis-Kean (2005) found direct effects of parental education, but not income, on European American children’s standardized achievement scores; both parental education and income exerted indirect effects on parents’ achievement-fostering behaviors, and subse quently children’s achievement, through their effects on parents’ educational expectations. Thus far, we have focused on the literature on family SES correlates of children’s academic and behavioral adjustment. However, along with those contemporaneous lin ks between SES and children’s outcomes, longitudinal research dating back to groundbreaking status attainment models (e.g, Blau & Duncan, 1967; Duncan, Featherman, & Duncan, 1972) indicates clearlythat family of origin SES accounts meaningfully for educational and occupational attainment during late adolescence and into adulthood (e.g., Caspi, Wright, Moffitt, & Silva, 1998; Johnson et al., 1983; Sobolewski & Amato, 2005; for a review, see Whitson & Keller, 2004). For example, Caspi et al. reported that lower parental occupational status of children ages 3–5 and 7–9 predicted a higher risk of the child having periods of unemployment when making the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Johnson et al. (1983) found that mothers’ and fathers’ educational l evel and fathers’ occupational status were related positively to their children’s adulthood occupational status. Few studies, however, are prospective in nature spanning such a long period of time (i.e., a 40-year period from childhood to middle adulthood). Also, few studies include a wide range of contextual and personal predictor variables from childhood and potential mediators of the effects of those variables from adolescence.Go to:Potential Mediators of the Effects of Family Contextual Influences during Childhood on Adolescent and Adult OutcomesFamily process models (e.g., Conger et al., 2002; McLoyd, 1989; Mistry, Vanderwater, Huston, & McLoyd, 2002) have proposed that the effects of socioeconomic stress (e.g., financial strain, unstable employment) on child outcomes are mediated through parenting stress and family interaction patterns (e.g., parental depressed mood; lower levels of warmth, nurturance, and monitoring of children). That is, family structural variables such as parental education and income affect the level of actual interactions within the family, and concomitantly, the child’s behavior. It is well established within broader social learning models (e.g., Huesmann, 1998) that parents exert substantial influence on their children’s behavi or. For example, children exposed to more rejecting and aggressive parenting contexts, as well as interparental conflict, display greater aggression (Cummings & Davies, 1994; Eron et al., 1971; Huesmann et al., 1984; Lefkowitz et al., 1977) and the effects between negative parenting and child aggression arebi-directional (Patterson, 1982). Presumably, children learn aggressive problem-solving styles as a result of repeated exposure to such models, and in turn parents use more power assertive techniques to manage the child’s behavior.Researchers also have shown that behavioral problems such as early aggression impair children’s academic and intellectual development over time (e.g., Hinshaw, 1992; Huesmann, Eron, & Yarmel, 1987). Stipek (1998) has argued that behavioral problems affect young children’s opportunities to learn because these youth often are punished for their behavior and might develop conflictual relationships with teachers, thus leading to negative attitudes about school and lowered academic success. Thus, it is possible that low socioeconomic status (including low parental educational levels) could affect negative family interaction patterns, which can influence child behavior problems (measured in our study by aggression), and in turn affect lowered academic and achievement-oriented attitudes over time.Parent education and family interaction patterns during childhood also might be linked more directly to the child’s developing academic success and achievement-oriented attitudes. In the general social learning and social-cognitive framework (Bandura, 1986), behavior is shaped in part through observational and direct learning experiences. Those experiences lead to the formation of internalized cognitive scripts, values, and beliefs that guide and maintain behavior over time (Anderson & Huesmann, 2003; Huesmann, 1998). According to Eccles (e.g., Eccles, 1993; Eccles, Vida, & Barber, 2004; Eccles, Wigfield, & Schiefele, 1998), this cognitive process accounts for the emergence and persistence of achievement-related behaviors and ultimately to successful achievement. Eccles’ framework emphasizes in particular the importance of children’s expectations for success, with parents assuming the role of “expectancy socializers” (Frome & Eccles, 1998, p. 437).Thus, for example, a child exposed to parents who model achievement-oriented behavior (e.g., obtaining advanced degrees; reading frequently; encouraging astrong work ethic) and provide achievement-oriented opportunities (e.g., library and museum trips; after-school enrichment programs; educational books and videos) should develop the guiding belief that achievement is to be valued, pursued, and anticipated. This belief should then in turn promote successful outcomes across development, including high school graduation, the pursuit of higher learning, and the acquisition of high-prestige occupations. Not surprisingly, there are positive relations between parents’ levels of education and parents’ expectations for their children’s success (Davis-Kean, 2005), suggesting that more highly educated parents actively encourage their children to develop high expectations of their own. Importantly, on the other hand, McLoyd’s (1989) review found that parents who experience difficult economic times have children who are more pessimistic about their educational and vocational futures.In the current study, we assume a broad social-cognitive-ecological (Guerra & Huesmann, 2004; Metropolitan Area Child Study Research Group, 2002; also “developmental-ecological,” Dodge & Pettit, 2003) perspective on behavior development. This view proposes that it is the cumulative influence both of childhood environmental-contextual factors (e.g., parental education, family interactions, school climate, neighborhood efficacy) and individual-personal factors (e.g., IQ and aggression) that shapes enduring cognitive styles (e.g., achievement orientation, hostile worldview) in adolescence. Once formed, those styles allow for the prediction of functioning into adulthood above and beyond the effects of the earlier influences. In this view, then, cognitive factors such as beliefs and expectations present during adolescence serve as internal links between early contextual and personal factors and later outcomes.题型难度分析此文不难，是旧文。

2018年12月8日雅思阅读考情回顾
一、考试时间：2018年12月8日（周六）
二、考试概述：
第一篇Australia’s cane toad problems，澳大利亚害虫问题。

可参考剑八第四套第二篇Biological Control of pests和剑十第四套第三篇When evolution runs backwards。

第二篇New filters promise water to millions，滤水器的发明。

可参考剑八第一套第一篇A chronicle of timekeeping和剑十第一套第一篇Stepwells。

第三篇Who should look after babies in Britain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同。

可参考剑六第四套第二篇Do literate women make better mothers和剑五第三套第一篇Early Childhood Education。

三、文章简介
第一篇Australia’s cane toad problems，澳大利亚害虫问题
第二篇New filters promise water to millions，滤水器的发明
第三篇 Who should look after babies in Britain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同
四、篇章分析：
雅思考试机经。

2018年12月8日雅思阅读考情回顾一、考试时间：2018年12月8日（周六）二、考试概述：第一篇Australia’s cane toad problems，澳大利亚害虫问题。

可参考剑八第四套第二篇Biological Control of pests和剑十第四套第三篇When evolution runs backwards。

第二篇New filters promise water to millions，滤水器的发明。

可参考剑八第一套第一篇 A chronicle of timekeeping和剑十第一套第一篇Stepwells。

第三篇Who should look after babies in Britain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同。

可参考剑六第四套第二篇Do literate women make better mothers和剑五第三套第一篇Early Childhood Education。

三、文章简介第一篇Australia’s cane toad problems，澳大利亚害虫问题第二篇New filters promise water to millions，滤水器的发明第三篇 Who should look after babies in Britain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同四、篇章分析：Passage 1文章内容澳大利亚的某种害虫的幼虫啃食澳大利亚植物的根，为了解决的这种问题，澳大利亚从北美引入cane toad, 但事实证明cane toad的引入却是一种失败，并没有能够解决问题反而霸占了越来越多的其他动物群fanua的栖息地。

填空题7，判断题 6题型分布与答案参考答案回忆待补充相关拓展The rapid spread of Australia's cane toad pestsThey are toxic invaders that have conquered swathes of northernAustralia as they continue their seemingly irrepressible march westtowards the Indian Ocean.Packed with poison and supremely adaptable, the dreaded cane toad, orBufo marinus, has few friends in Australia, where a massive scientific andcommunity effort has failed to stop their advance."They probably have moved about halfway through that tropical regionof Western Australia," explained Rick Shine, a professor in biology at the University of Sydney. "They are in very inaccessible country now in the Kimberley. It is very hard to get detailed information on exactly where the front is but it seems to be moving at 50 to 60km (31 to 37 miles) per annum."The warty amphibians move only during the wet season. Although tracking studies have shown many hop less than 10 metres a day, those atthe front line have grown bigger and faster."The guys at the invasion front up in the tropics are moving often kilometres in a single night and they have evolved this very distinctive behaviour," Prof Shine told the BBC."They've actually evolved differences in shape and physiology as well. Essentially they have turned into these dispersal machines and they moveas far as they can, as fast as they can." Experts are reluctant to speculateon how many of these unwelcome pests have been unleashed across Australia's north. They are prolific breeders - some estimates put the figure at around 1.5 billion - but it is impossible to know for sure.Australia has a long and depressing history of inadvertently introducingwrecking ball species as pets and livestock, or for sport. Examples include foxes, pigs and rabbits, goats, camels and cats. Invasive plants and fish have also had a dramatic effect on native flora and fauna, but it is the cane toad that is widely reviled above all else.How did they arrive?For Australia, the grim story began in the sugar cane plantations of Puerto Rico, which had imported giant toads from South America to eatthe grubs that were devouring the crop.Word spread of the successes of these bug-catching amphibians and by the 1930s, the cane toads were being sent around the world. In 1935, 101toads arrived in Far North Queensland in areas including Cairns and Innisfail, before being bred in captivity. Their progeny was released on missions to hunt and kill cane-destroying beetles on Australia's north-eastcoast.have snared countless numbers over the Community toad “musters”years. In 2005 David Tollner, a former federal MP, famously urged Northern Territory residents to help squash the problem with their golfclubs and cricket bats - effectively turning eradication into sport.Then there was the so-called "bottom-line" defence supported by the RSPCA in Darwin, which recommended killing captured amphibians bysmearing them with haemorrhoid cream, which acted as an anaesthetic.In 2009, toads crossed the Western Australian border with the Northern Territory, more than 2,000km from the site of their original release 74 years earlier.It was a dark day that conservationists had both dreaded and seen coming. The invasion penetrated the Kimberley region, an area three times the size of England and regarded as a wilderness frontier. "Sadly,the Kimberley has lost the battle to the cane toad. They have invaded close to 70% of the Kimberley, so the toads are well and truly on their way to the northern coastal areas," said Lee Scott-Virtue, the president of Kimberley Toadbusters, a group she set up in 2004."It has been a really disturbing lesson. The problem is they are adaptingto dry, desert conditions. They are adjusting to very cold climates and they are actually starting to breed in saline water."Most recent discoveryOn Wednesday, wildlife rangers revealed a cane toad was found beside aroad near Mount Kosciuszko in southern New South Wales. Authoritiessuspect it was carried in by a tourist, and have not found other evidenceof the species there. Nonetheless, they are concerned. "There are certainlyenvironment and times of the year when such an animal could persist(survive)," Dave Woods, a state wildlife officer, told the AustralianBroadcasting Corp. He said toads could provide a fresh threat toendangered species in the area, a national park.The toads are devourers of insects and other small prey, but they are attheir most destructive when they are eaten by larger predators, such assnakes, goannas and freshwater crocodiles. A large gland on the toad'sshoulder is loaded with deadly cardiac toxins.In an unusual move, researchers are trying to train predators to avoidlarger cane toads by feeding them smaller specimens, which make themill but should not kill them. These so-called taste-aversion strategiesinclude feeding sausages made of minced amphibian to northern quolls, acarnivorous marsupial. They eat the meat, which causes vomiting, in thehope it will put them off eating toads again. A large-scale trial is due tostart in Western Australia soon. Corrin Everitt, from the state'sDepartment of Parks and Wildlife, told the BBC that while the projectcould ensure fewer large predators were lost, it would not halt theinvasion. "At the moment we're predicting the toads to take at least fiveyears to reach the Broome area," she said. "They are an amazing animalwhen you take away all the ugliness about them. You just wish that ournative species could be as adaptable and successful in colonising areas asthey are."Passage 2：文章内容讲述Mr. Flynn偶然间发明的一种water filter,不仅便宜好用，而且还讲述了water filter的制作过程。

剑桥雅思5Test3阅读PASSAGE1翻译：Early Childhood Education－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思5TEST 3阅读PASSAGE 1 参考译文：Early Childhood Education,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思5Test3Passage1真题解析。

Early Childhood EducationNew Zealand’s National Party spokesman on education, Dr Lockwood Smith, recently visited the US and Britain. Here he reports on the findings of his trip and what they could mean for New Zealand’s education policy.儿童早期教育新西兰国家党教育发言人Lockwood Smith博士最近访问了美国和英国。

下面是他撰写的一份报告，文中阐述了他此行的收获以及这些收获对新西兰教育政策的意义。

A‘Education To Be More’ was published last August. It was the report of the New Zealand Government’s Early Childhood Care and Education Working Group. The report argued for enhanced equity of access and better funding for childcare and early childhood education institutions. Unquestionably, that’s a real need; but since parents don’t normally send children to pre-schools until the age of three, are we missing out on the most important years of all?A 《教育增进能力》是一份由新西兰政府儿童早期关怀和教育工作小组所作的报告，于去年8月出版。

孩子早上学的好处与坏处雅思作文Living in a world where competition has never become less tough and where a stressfree lifestyle seems to be luxury, many children these days have to necessarily sacrifice a happy childhood for preparing their future life. Therefore, starting formal schooling at age 7 is not realistic and instead young children might as well begin formal study earlier.Receiving formal education early could not just make preparation for cognitive development but encourage and enable them to learn better social skills. For one thing, with the play-centered approach and with the help of dedicated, well-trained,and professional teachers, those young pupils will in advance have access to basic literacy and numeracy skills, an effective way that will in the future give them an edge in academic performance as well as cognitive ability. For another, the school, a society in miniature, is a better place for them to know different people from different places, and a even safer place in which they can gradually understand how to interact with teachers or peers andhow to cooperate with each other from an early age. This is a necessary stage for them to lay solid foundation for the complex social life in the real life.Becoming a primary school student at seven is feasible but is more likely to inflict pressure on children. Maybe starting later will give more time for children to mature andthis will also reduce the risks of behavioral problems and poor academic achievement. But if lagging behind other peers academically, children who go to school later will be under peer pressure,even an erosion of learning. This is way worse in an era when being a quick learner is of the essence and when everything seems to go so fast that they could not miss out on any opportunity as everyone around them struggles. So this way is not to children’s advantage in today‘s society.In conclusion, workable theoretically as it is, starting formal schooling later does not keep pace with the global development so what children need to do is to go to school as early as possible provided that this barely has detrimental effects on their growth.译文：生活在一个竞争的世界从来没有变得不那么艰难,无压力的生活方式似乎是奢侈品,许多孩子这些天一定牺牲一个快乐的童年,他们未来的生活做准备。

Early Childhood EducationThe scientific studies have shown that after a baby comes to form, his intelligence grows very fast from 0 to 6 years old, and the early childhood education will exert unexpected effect on kid’s self-consciousness, emotion and intellectual. So during this period, they need to be well educated. But nowadays, plenty of parents still attach not enough importance to their children’s earlier education, especially i n some backward countryside. As the couples have to work to support the family, they usually leave their kids to their grandparents or the baby-sitter who can take care of the babies’ physical body well but often neglect their spiritual cultivation. For th is situation, I think the meticulous education is essential to their later development, and every parent should put more energy into their children’s growth even if one of them has to quit job.The early education should begin with antenatal training. Before giving a birth, mothers should create an inside and outside healthy environment to stimulate the growth of the fetus appropriately through regulating both the physical and their mental states of themselves. At a certain period of time, mothers should provide the fetuses with education of visual、auditory、 and tactile sense, such as, listening to some lyrical music, reading funny stories, and watching some meaningful videos.Prenatal education has many merits. Firstly, Researches show that the babies who have accept comprehensive antenatal training will be more sensitive to music, and they have higher talent on this aspect. They’ll be very delighted as soon as they listen to the music at the same time they make some reaction. Secondly, their psychology will also be healthier and their parents will feel it easy and pleasure to foster them. Their emotion will be more stable, and they are usually cheerful in the day and less to cry in the night. Thirdly, their athletic capacity will grow well, and their four limbs will also be more agile. It will be easier and faster for them to learn to sit, to creep, to walk, and to speak.Before the kids go to a nursery school, parents should shape their kids good living habits through good leading. Most of parents care more about if their children can excel at studying in the past also if their children look good. But now they must know their personality is also very important. At first, parents must create a cozy family atmosphere to give the child a sense of security so that they will not crying around. Second they should set themselves examples through petty things, such as, throwing the litter into the dustbin. Thirdly, take all chance to get them acquainted to the surroundings, such as, teaching them the name of what they often eat and use, which can cultivate their capability of independent memory and thinking.The upper measures are very imperative for the later education. About 3 years old, the kids should be sent to the kindergarten. At the beginning of their school many kids may feel scared、anxiety and distracted, even worse, the situation would last a long time. But if the upper trainings are carried out well, they can accept the new very fast and very effectively.After the kids go to school, the parents also should do many things. First, they must help the children standardize their working and resting schedule. They cannot indulge them to get up late or late for class or be absent for school. Next, encourage them to do homework alone and sometimes company with them when at home. Teach them the rapid way of mental arithmetic. Don’t let them form the habit of lazy thinking. Then, leading them to do some easy housework, and let them learn to bearfamily responsibility. Finally, often talk to them about what they have experience in school and look into their eyes with kindness and love so that they will be more confident.Since the early childhood education is so valuable and there are varieties of techniques we need to learn, not only the parents should value on it, but also the government and society should maximize it.。

剑桥雅思（5-9）阅读词汇同意替换Cambridge IELTS 5-9 Reading Paraphrases1. 本文包括题目中出现的同意替换（划线部分，题目词汇在前），也列出文章里较难词汇的同义词（[]中为反义词）2. 用法：做完题目后查对同意替换；精读文章时学习词汇3. 每篇词汇顺序有些杂乱，有待改进4. 参考资料：灵格斯词典中RogetⅡ: The new thesaurus 同义词词典5. 难免有疏漏错误，欢迎指正5-1-1 Johnson’s dictionarycircumscribe limit, confine, restrictgrowing importance rise, increased demandlead to be associated with, be linked towell known famousaccept the contract sign the contractnot have a withoutin excess of overcontemporary text from Elizabethans to his own time, living languagetime limit deadlinesubtleties of meaning shades of meaningprevious writer predecessor, precedentvicissitude difficulty, hardshippatronage support, sponsorshipascertain determinebring conferEnglish language the language of his countryesteem respectprevail persuadegrant offer5-1-2 Nature or nurture? (难，可精读，实验类文章)distaste dislike, aversionsuccessive subsequent, consecutivedenounce accuse, condemnreluctant unwilling, disinclinedoverwhelming greatconsensus agreement, unanimitystatistic number, data, percentage, proportion, figurediscrepancy difference, distinction, gap, incongruity, inconsistencymake-up character, personality, qualityremnant remainder, residuebenevolent [malevolent]property quality, charactermalevolent evil, maliciousforgo give up, abandonelucidate explain, illustrate, clarifybiological genetic (animal aggression instinct, primal urge) help have a positive effect oninstructed toldcomply obey, conformpositive mechanism advantageous traitpersonal values personal and moral code5-1-3 The truth about the environment （驳论文）pessimistic get worse, dark, dismal; [optimistic]be linked to be associate withslow down restrict; [accelerate]long-lasting extend well into our futurecatastrophic devastatingright appropriatedisjunction separationlopsidedness imbalanceexaggerate overstateclaim argumentselfless altruistic, benevolent, charitable, philanthropic characteristic feature, qualitycriticism scepticismimpartial objective, unbiased, neutralmeet reader s’ expectation provide what the public wants dispose throw awaywaste trash, rubbishgreen house gases carbon dioxide emissionsurgent pressing5-2-1 Bakeliteconstituent element, componentin a similar way to likein that becausebe moulded into new form reshapeorigin be derived fromreason impetus (stimulation, motivation, incentive) great advances immense progressin the field of in the domain ofpragmatic practical, realisticalternative substitutedwindle decrease, diminishamass accumulate, collectoriginal first, initial, primary; (true, authentic)outline (v.) give a general description, brief (n.), summary (n.)know as calle.g. such as, for exampleintense extreme, strongremove extractresin molten Bakelitedisdain despise, contempt, scornenjoy an unparalleled popularity be welcome; [fall of fovour]relish enjoy, savour, flavour, tasterange of colours array of shades5-2-2 What’s so funny? （抽象，可精读）nervous energy psychic tensioncontrolled release safely punctureludicrousness ridiculousness, funninesssettle on choose, agreeresolution solutionincongruity inconsistency, discrepancy, disagreementlinguistic lingualartificial intelligence language understanding and reasoning in machines revolve rotate, orbitinterpretation understandingapt appropriate, smartmutate change, convert, transformtrigger induce, causelinked to be critical foractivate spring to lifeinvolved with is associated withmost difficult task extremely demanding jobrespond instantly a rapid emotional assessmentwhatever is happening the events of the momentreact respondrecognition acknowledgementindividual responses to joke whether a joke gives pleasure or pain relate to depend onsubjective view outlookoperation work5-2-3 The birth of scientific English (难，多句意替换而非词汇替换) given considering, taking (sth) into accountprominence eminence, distinction, prestige, fameintellectual thinker, intellect, brain, scholarrenaissance revival, renewaldevelopment revolutionhow to express ideas language, writing styletreatise dissertationproperties quality, characteristic, featureperversely unreasonably, oddlydomain area, field, territorypreliminary preparatory, unpolishedcipher codeobscure vague, ambiguous; hide, concealcling to stick to, attach toinadequacy incapability, insufficiency, defect, deficiencyobjective impersonalentity existence, object, wholetranscript written copyinaugurate begin, launchfoster encourage, promote, cultivatekind genre, styledescriptions accountsspecific particularformative shaping, influentialbe overtaken this momentum was lostmomentum force, impetuslexis vocabulary; (lexical)institute establish, set up, inaugurate5-3-1 Early childhood educationsocio-economic background status, positionbe predicated on be based onbypass avoid, ignoreconfiguration pattern, shapefoster develop, encourage, nurturephenomenal wonderful, amazing, fantastic, marvelousperpetuate eternalize, immortalizeadminister give, provide, apply, carry out, managea variety of cross-section (typical, representative)not succeed disappointing, failedinsufficient inadequate, deficient, scarcefunding moneysuccess phenomenalscore highly make great stridelistening, speaking auditory comprehension, verbal ability and language ability interact with others social development5-3-2 Disappearing delta (难，多句意替换)erode corrode, wearastounding startling, amazing, astonishing, surprisingerosion scoured awaydeposit sedimentrelatively high still a lot ofdivert turn, shiftcanal channel, watercoursesedimentation the sediment sinks to the bottom of the canals laden loadedmunicipal urban, metropolitancoincide concurfood production food chain, fishing industryprincipally mainly, chiefly, primarilylook at pay close attention todevise design, invent, conceive, think upmarked increase be building up faster and faster5-3-3 The return of artificial intelligence (抽象选择题难)poised readyignite kindlecommon topic of conversation public debateirony inverted commashype pufferyjustification reasonrehabilitation recoveryinformative educational, instructive, enlighteningbring together encompass (include, contain, comprise)separate research areas disparate fields (different, diverse, various) lowest point [peak]rear bring up, raiseensue follow, succeedundue excessive, extravagantretrenchment reduction, curtailmentbe justified materialize (happen)fruition fulfillment, realizationperception optimism, realize, deem, regardpremature early, untimelyalign (with) allymundane ordinary, seculardeem consider, reckon, thinkimplement do, execute, perform, carry outmilitary impact spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefielddifferentiate discriminate, distinguishexacerbate worsen, aggravatecategorise classifyreflect encapsulate (epitomise, symbolise)contemporary 1960s5-4-1 The impact of wilderness tourismexpansion boomlow financial cost of setting up little or no initial investmentin terms of from the perspective of/ with respect to /in respect of/with (in) relation to/ with reference to/ regarding/ concerningin this/these respect(s) from this angle/perspective/aspectregion areacharacteristic (n./adj.) feature; distinctive/typicalprevail dominateprevailing dominant/popular/widespread/prevalentdraw attractlandscape sceneryunique incomparable/unparalleledindigenous nativeisolated separate/solitary/alone/detachednew breed of kind/typegrateful appreciative/thankfulprofound deep, abstrusetrekker hikerfall declinethe amount of food farm outputtend carefood gathering hunting animals and fish and collecting fruitinhabitant dweller, residentculprit reason, sinnerundermine weakenpattern systemdilemma problem, difficulty, paradoxerosion corrosiondegradation demotion, reductiondisruptive troublesome, disturbing, intrusive, unsettlinglegion numerous, myriadinevitably inescapably, unavoidablyvehicle tool, media, meansreinvigorate restore, revitalise, reviveover the long term in the long runintegrate combine, incorporate, synthesiseconcern business, care, worryrevived renaissancecommunal public, mutualexploit use, developtransient temporaryrepatriate sendhome base headquartersaccrue accumulate, aggregatereservation preserve, reservepurchase buyhandicraft artwork, artifactproduce and sell businessaspiration ambition, dreamnorm rule, standard5-4-2 Flawed beauty: the problem with toughened glass (题目难) exert use, wield, manipulatepropagate breed, reproduce, spawn, advertise, disseminate subsequent after, laterconvert change, revertelapse passunusual rare, few and far between, uncommonpublicity press, promotion, advertising, propagandasuppress repress, sensor, banclosely examine analyse, inspect, investigatefavour love, prefer, approve (v.)fragment shard, scrapunexpectedly without warning, unpredictablyquickly rapidly, swiftly, promptlydispute argue, debate, contestincidence scale, extent, size5-4-3 The effects of light on plant and animal speciescue clue, hint, suggestionuseful reliablebe unpredictable fluctuate (vary)plenty considerablescientific evidence experimental evidencetypes speciesencourage induceout of season midwinterlight levels photoperiodbe referred to be known asreproduction breeding, propagationlonger days increasing day lengthsplants that flower when days are long long-day plants reproduce fertilizationperennial long-lasting, permanent, durableyet notcue triggeruptake intake, understandlimit maximumhorticulture gardening6-1-1 Australia’s sporting success （段配句难）demolish defeat, destroy, pull downunderpin support, back, establishfunded support financeathletes sportsmen and womencollaborate cooperateexpertise skills, ability, craft, techniquenarrow the scope focus onwring squeeze, tweak, twistprototype archetype, original, fatherprofile outlinevisual imaging image, digital camerasemploy use, apply, implementinvestigation analysis, examination, survey, inspection obstacles to optimum achievement 句意替换obstacle barrier, hurdle, impedimentoptimum best, optimal, superlative, unsurpassedevent championshipperformance requirements winning times, targetsproduce developplan preparegear towards adapt torival other country, competitor, opponent, contestant, contender reproduce copy, replicate, simulate, imitate, duplicate improve slice …off, cut offunveil uncover, reveal, unmask, display, show, expose, disclose all-encompassing all around, comprehensive, all-inclusive exclusively only, solely6-1-2 Delivering the goodsfreight goods, cargoworld globalincreasing expanding, risingtempt attract, provoke, enticecommerce trade, business, industryeffective trade condition advantagesnearby nations geographic neighbours weakening relationship is unrelated tovalue worthdelivery transportationsmall computer components disk drives product drives, componentslocal domestic, native, internalelectronic delivery telephone lines, optical fibers streamlined improved, more efficient/effective introduction invention, adoptioncapsize overturn, toppleships vessels, containerby and large generallytariff tax, dutyhaulier shipper, carrier, freighteralbeit althoughmonopoly cornerdeter discourage, prevent6-1-3 Climate change and the Inuit （标题较难）unprecedented event unusual incident precarious insecure, uncertaintough difficult, demanding; strong, unyielding autonomy independence, self-government terrain territory, region, areaindigenous native, aboriginalalternative otheressential supplies provisions, imported meat curtail reduce, condenseincidence rate, possibilityeffect impactwell-being health, welfare, prosperityat stake at risktease out obtain, get by, deal withdraw on useresolve address, solvecapricious variable, changeable, inconsistent appreciate understandimpossible out of the questioncatch exploitsustenance food, nourishmentinhabitant colonist, occupanta few a handful ofgive up abandonlifestyles waysdepend mainly on rely heavily onproduce meatexpensive costly6-2-1 The advantages of public transportpeople power democratic (democracy); [republican]favour prefer, approve, accept, benefittravel time travelling time, commuting time, commute timebe stable remain constantcongestion (massive) traffic jams, gridlockwealth incomeviable feasiblerefute disprove, discreditstarkly severely, evidentlyconvert change, transformproposal suggestion, requestadvocate recommend, supportrelated connectedflourish thrive, prosper, boomminimal limited; [maximal]hard inappropriateinhabitant resident, occupant, dweller, (citizen, civilian, populace, people)live accommodationbicycle friendly high level of bicycle usagereasonable averagely good, moderate, temperate6-2-2 Greying population stays in the pinkgreying population elderly peoplein the pink healthyafflict trouble, tortureshow reveal, uncoverage-related medical problems diseases associated with old age, medical complaints speed ratefalling smalleraffect strike, appearincreasing acceleratedevelopment advanceincrease surgedue to reflect, be attributed topollution poorer air qualitylink correlationlife expectancy live longerconsiderable reduction significant dropcost $200 billion, financial burdenpredicted expectedindependence self-relianceretain keep, hold, reserve, maintainexercise physical activitiesdecline deteriorate, degenerate, languish, worsen loneliness emotionally isolatedfare best manage/develop well6-2-3 Numeration （难）bound up with sth. closely connected with sth. sequence of events/words ordersufficiency enoughquality how manyfarming grow plantsdeveloped sophiscatedparamount supreme, primary, dominant arithmetic numerationbody language gesturesprevent misunderstanding resolve any confusion limited restrictedexpress deal withpeople average personfulfil a civic role qualify as a witness in a court of law grasp understanding, capacityconceive think, imaginedistinct separate, evident, clearhindrance barrier, obstaclebe registered in the mind realized, noticed concept specific wordseparate from independent ofnewer laterrelic trace, vestige, remainsindispensable essential, necessary6-3-1 Filmboulevard avenuestunned shocked, astonishedthrilled excitedroutine regular, habitual, frequentgrasp understand, comprehendimportant be worth tryingfirst initialimpact power and magicpassing of time flow of events, flow of timecultures life and valuesactor star, film personalities(film) personality celebrity, heroenduring long-lasting, permanentlegacy heritage, traditionby no means certainly notnovelty newness, innovation, originalitystoryline storynarrative account, story, reportconvention tradition, agreement; conference6-3-2 Motivating employees under adverse conditionsmotivate stimulate, prompt, inspireadverse unfavourable, disadvantageous, negative [positive]grow expanddecline shrinkoptimism [pessimism]entice encouragebe prone to be liable to, be likely to, tend to, incline to, have a tendency to less skilled employee minor/secondary employeeredundant unemployed, dismissedrumour gossipautonomous independent, self-governingaffiliation alliance, associationspecific precise, detailed, exacttarget goal, aim, object, objectivefeedback comment, remarkexternal [internal]be assigned be allocated, be distributedcollectively [individually]in conjunction with together withperception (perceive) sensebe consistent with [be inconsistent with]feel perceiverealistic achievable, attainable, obtainableappraisal assessment, evaluationvalid true, credible, logical, sound, well-groundedreinforce strengthenscope rangeindividual personalisebe contigent on be dependent on, rely onachievement performance, accomplishmentpromotion advancementearning remuneration, payment, salary, compensationdisclose increase the visibility, eliminate the secrecy, expose, reveal, unveil publicise advertise, promotetransparent clear, lucidfair equitable (equity, inequity), equalweigh think over, consider, ponder, reflect, contemplate6-3-3 The search for the anti-aging pillvigor vitality, strengthinfirmity weaknesslongevity long lifedrugs treatmentdelay slowgrowing old agingfewer restrictionextend increaseequivalent (to) equalpeople mortalsdiet regimen (treatment, therapy)disease disordermimic imitate, mockmimetic imitativeate what they wanted free-feedinggreater quantities [lower levels]reduced chance decreased likelihoodless likely to reduced risktaut promote, publicisetoxic poisonousdose amountretard slow, detainproduction generationemit release, send outfocus on emphasizein short supply scarce6-4-1 Doctoring sales （议论文，标题难）representative delegate, deputy, agent; typicalphysician doctor [surgeon]drug company pharmaceutical companyincentive stimulus, encouragementprofile outline, descriptionmoral ethicalbribe buymarketing technique marketing practices escalate increaseextravagance excess, luxury, wastebrochure pamphlet, bookletinundation floodevidence of drug promotion pen, tabletvisible watch, seerecipient receiverpersuaded influencedresearch studyprescribe dispensebottom line final result; essential pointsky-rocketing sky highlegitimate right, legal, lawfulmoney profitscrutinize inspect, examine, check6-4-2 Do literate women make better mothers? adults men and womenmaternal literacy mothers can read and write attitudes to children value its children more highly eliminate remove, excludewhen asmortality deathlevels rate, figureslearn to read be educatedstay remainNational Literacy Crusade campaignchild infantmalnourished undernourishedopt chooseexert apply, useimplication hint, suggestionmoney budgetmaternal [paternal], femaleeffects pay-offbypass avoid, escape, ignoremature adult, grownreplicate copy, duplicate, reproduce6-4-3 Bullyingpersistent enduring, chronic, endlessresearch surveydifficult to deal with recalcitrant, unruly, disobedientchildren who are bullied victimised pupilshave experiencein later life as adultsoffence crime, misdeedcommon refrain clichéresource helpinquiry question, enquiry, investigation, inquestdecline 50% halveoptimum optimal, bestthe most important step a key stepproduce developdetailed explicit, clear, unambiguous, specificsanction permission, approval, penaltyconsultation discussion, conference, counseldisseminate spread, distribute, disperse, propagate implement carry out, do, perform, executeback (up) supportearly part early phasein the light of considering, in the view ofsubstitute replacement, surrogatepotential be liable toself-confident assertivenesseffective usefulrecognise the difference between A and B distinguish A from B prevention intervention7-1-1L et’s go batsfraction amount, proportionuncanny unnatural, weird, unexpected, exceptional navigate find their way, guide, pilot, maneuverearly mammal mammalian ancestoravoid dying out manage to survivein the absence of withoutobstruct block, impedevision seeingmanoeuvre move, guide, performprohibitive expensiveilluminate light, elucidate, clarify, illustratecomparable like, similar, corresponding, parallel, equivalent phantom unreal, ghostarm or leg limbperceive sensecalculate measureapply exploit, implement, practice, usefinding detectionmilitary martial, warlikeor rather more exactly/specifically/accuratelyresult in lead to, perfect (v.) (polish, refine)detection navigationtechnically strictlyinaccurate incorrectrefer to talk about, speak of, mention; concern, be relevant to underlying basic, essential, fundamentalcoin name, call, know as, term, christen, dubcover include7-1-2 Making every drop countmanipulate exploit, use, handleexpand extend, enlargesource origin/derivationinnovative novel/original/unprecedentedlayout design/plan/blueprint/schemeoccupant resident/dweller/inhabitantexplode soarmonumental giant, heroic, historic, significantdue primarily to mainly because ofgenerate produceinferior subordinate; [superior]adequate sufficientconsequence outcomejeopardise endanger/threaten/imperilcompensation paymentspecies breedecosystem environmentthrive prosper/flourishdispute debate/contend/controversytension pressure/stressscientist resource planner, water expertrevision change, shift/amendmentrezort option/resourceopposition resistance/objectionaddress tackle/solve/deal withsurprising unexpectedlydiminish decreasedownward trend fallremarkable notable/exceptionala range of a spectrum ofdomestic home, nationalconserve preserve/savepeak summitstandard specification /criteria/normregion zone/terrain/territoryecological bionomical (bionomics = ecology)/environmental7-1-3 Educating psyche （抽象，难）ways approachesnot traditional radical newunimportant peripheralrecall remembervalid true, credible, well-groundedreadily easilyinstruction education, learning, teaching, order, directionteachers should train students teaching systemvariant versionsolemnly seriouslyprior to beforehand, preliminarydemanding [easy and pleasant]likewise also, furthermoresimilar not unusualconventional classes language teaching, ordinary classes, traditional classes distinctive special, characteristic, typicalretain learn, keep, maintainadmit acknowledgeritual ceremony, form, riteautocratic categoricdesignate allocate, appoint, call, nameaccredited accepted, believedwell known notoriety (fame, popularity, reputation, notoriousness) emulate imitate, copy, compete, contestprocedure sessionunspectacular mediocre7-2-1 Why pagodas don’t fall down (力学背景，较难理解)flimsy delicate, weaklighting illuminationtopple overturn, capsizeflatten leveldevastate destroy, ruinmagnificent majestic, splendid, remarkableunscathed safe, uninjured, unharmederect constructdampen decrease, restrainbuilders carpentersabsorb some of the power sway and settle itselfsevere weather conditions nature’s forcesoriginal firstreligious purpose Buddhismobservation post watchtowerdispense with get rid of, withoutbatter strike, attackeave roofhalf fifty per centfloor storeyresilience flexibility, buoyancypillar column, pilebear the weight carry the loadbend flexstationary fixed, unmoving, stillslither slideconsecutive successivestop constrainjolt shake, bump, jerk7-2-2 The true cost of foodcollateral parallel, additionalenervation depletion, impoverishmentcolossal immense, enormousdecline vanishfertility richness, productivitychemical fertilizerwater sources lakesaesthetic artisticarable cultivabledomestic water drinking waterillness caused by food food poisoningthree different types threefoldsubsidy grantprop up support, sustainfeasible possible, viablepremium additional paymentcommitment responsibility, obligationcomprise contain, encompass, includeinitiate begin, launch, undertakechange shift7-2-3 Makete integrated rural transport project （文章最长）tackle solve, address, cope with, deal with present offer, giveassumption premise, postulation, supposition identify be understoodregarding on, aboutalmost inaccessible be virtually totally isolated local area within the localityimplement carry out, performconstruction buildrefinement improvementlocal people communitiesbuses and trucks motorized vehicleshinder prevent, obstruct, impede, hold back officials authoritiesmodel reference7-3-1 Ant intelligence （难）scrutiny inspection, examination, observation repel repulsecommunication contactpropagate spread, disseminate, breed, reproduce advanced sophisticated, be overtakenaffect ruinwaste use enormous amounts ofsecretion antibioticsunwanted materials wastedevelop domesticategenetic DNAupgrade improve, modifyexchange swap, sharecity life urban lifestyleforcing house encourageintricate complicated, elaborateoutstrip exceed, outdo, surpassfind their way navigateposition bearingsense of smell odourexhaustive thorough, complete7-3-2 Population movements and genetics footing foundation, basis, statuslong-standing long-lasting, old, enduring prehistoric firstvariant variation, diversity, versionmeasure calibratecloseness of the relationship interbreeding further evidence other researchthree-wave theory conclusionsdental teethteeth specimenprehistoric ancientAmerican and Asia New and Old World credence credit, belief7-3-3 The preservation of European forest combat fight, strugglejoint (action) communal, mutualexclude discardcondemned fated, doomedunrivaled unparalleled, incomparable unwind relax, restbiological functions the other aspects natural primarytranscend exceed, surpass, excelboundary frontier, borderresolution conclusion, determination, decision issue publish, releasesurveillance watchculprit sinner, offenderaccentuate emphasizeconcentrate on focus onpreserve reserveinformation databankshared generally availablepriority preferentialresources support7-4-1 Endless harvestbounty bonus, rewardnourishment food, nutritionmore than exceed, in excess ofsharp decrease crashmandate order, commandeach year annualkeep a check monitorauthority power, rightsufficient abundancebe successful prospercommission authorise, entitle, empowerestablish foundcertify witness, guarantee, warrantsubsistence sustenance, livingprompt impel, propel, trigger, stimulatecumulative accumulativeculminate peak, climaxlabel display7-4-2 Pulling strings to build pyramidsreckon deem, considerlarge number of people tens of thousands of slavesperuse study, examinemonument memorialstrange oddposture position, poseintrigue attract, interestrig up set upscaffold stage, platformapex summit, toptrolley cartclean (adv.) completely, entirelyraise liftlift bearlarge pieces of massive blocks ofuse harnessobject artefactresemble look likesend deliverfoe enemy7-4-3 Effects of noiseplausible believable, credibledisruptive troublesome, disturbing, intrusive, unsettling interfere affectat once at the same time, at a timecapability abilityhigh-pitched/ low-pitched noise loud/ soft noise, intense noise make it stop controlreduce eliminatelong-term chronic, lastingmistake errorunexpected unpredictablemanifest take its toll。

精心整理剑4Test1ReadingPassage1无标题热带雨林Q1-8对错题Q9-13TheboxbelowgivesalistofresponsesA-PtothequestionnairediscussedinReadingPassage1.Answerthef ollowingquestionsbychoosingthecorrectresponsesA-P.Q14标题题剑4Test1ReadingPassage2Whatdowhalesfeel?自然科学生物Q15-21填空题Q22-26简答题剑Q27-29选择题Q30-32配对题Q33-39填空题Q40选择题剑4Test2Reading1LostforWordsQ1-4填空题Q5-9配对题Q10-13剑医学Q14-15Q16-23对错题Q24-26填空题剑4Test2Reading3PlayisaseriousbusinessPhysiology自然科学Q27-32配对题Q33-35选择题剑4Test3Reading1Micro-EnterpriseCreditforStreetYouth社会组织公益Q1-4选择题Q5-8填空题Q9-12对错题Q13选择题剑4Test3Reading2V olcanoes-earth-shatteringnewsQ14-17小标题Q18-21简答题Q22-26填空题剑4Test3Reading3ObtainingLinguisticDataQ27-31配对Q32-36填空Q37-40填空剑营养健康Q1-6对错题Q7-10填空题Q11-13剑社会科学人类学Q14-19对错题Q20-23选择题Q24-27填空题Q28-31标题配对剑4Test4Reading3TheproblemofScarceResources社会科学资源分配Q32-35配对题剑5Test1Reading1Johnson’sDictionary社会科学语言Q1-3选择题Q4-7填空题Q8-13对错题剑5Test1Reading2NatureorNurture?行为心理教育社会科学Q14-19配对题Q20-22选择题Q23-26对错题剑5Test1Reading3TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentQ27-32对错题Q33-37选择题Q38-40填空配对剑Q1-3填空题Q4-8填空题Q9-13配对题剑社会科学语言Q14-20Q21-23填空题Q24-27配对题剑5Test2Reading3TheBirthofScientificEnglish社会科学Q28-34填空题Q35-37对错题Q38-40填空Table剑5Test3Reading1EarlyChildhoodEducation社会科学Q1-4WritethecorrectletterA-Finboxes1-4onyouranswersheet.Q5-10WritethecorrectletterA,B,CorDinboxes5-10onyouranswersheet.Q11-13对错题剑5Test3Reading2DisappearingDelta地理自然科学Q14-17标题题ListofHeadingsQ18-23对错题Q24-26填空题剑5Test3Reading3TheReturnofArtificialIntelligenceQ32-37对错题Q38-40选择题剑Q4-9对错题Q10-13填空题剑自然科学Q14-17Q18-23Q24-26剑5Test4Reading3Theeffectsoflightonplantandanimalspecies自然科学Q27-33对错题Q34-40填空题剑6Test1Reading1Australia’sSportingSuccess社会科学Q1-7Writethecorrect,A-F,inboxes1-7onyouranswersheetQ8-11配对题Q12-13简答题剑6Test1Reading2Deliveringthegoods物流运输社会科学历史Q14-17Writethecorrectletter,A-I,inboxes14-17onyouranswersheetQ18-22对错题Q23-26填空题剑6Test1Reading3ClimateChangeandtheInuit因纽特人和环境变化历史Q27-32标题题Q33-40填空题剑6Test2Reading1AdvantagesofpublictransportQ1-5标题题Q6-10对错题Q11-13配对题剑Q14-22填空题Q23-26配对题剑Q32-40剑Q1-5Writethecorrectletter,A-J,inboxes1-5onyouranswersheetQ6-9对错题Q10-13选择题Q14-18小标题剑6Test3Reading2MotivatingEmployeesunderAdverseConditions社会科学Q19-24对错题Q25-27标题题剑6Test3Reading3TheSearchfortheAnti-agingPill抗衰老自然科学Q28-32对错题Q33-37Writethecorrectletter,A,B,orC,inboxes33-37onyouranswersheet. 剑6Test4Reading1DoctoringSales经济社会科学Q1-7标题题Q8-13对错题剑Q14-18填空题Q19-24对错题Q25-26选择题剑6Test4Reading3无标题校园恶霸BullyQ27-30标题题Q31-34选择题Q35-40选择题剑Q6-13填空题剑资源利用社会科学Q14-20配对题Q21-26对错题剑7Test1Reading3EducatingPsyche教育社会科学Q27-30选择题Q31-36对错题Q37-40Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-K,below.剑7Test2Reading1Whypagodasdon’tfalldown?建筑社会科学Q1-4对错题Q5-10Writethecorrectletter,A,BorC,inboxes5-10onyouranswersheet.Q11-13选择题剑7Test2Reading2TheTrueCostofFood经济社会科学Q14-17Writethecorrectletter,A-G,inboxes14-17onyouranswersheet.Q18-21对错题Q22-26选择题剑Q27-30标题配对ListofheadingsQ31-35对错题Q40选择题剑7Test3Reading1AntIntelligenceQ1-6对错题Q7-13填空题Q14-19剑历史Q20-21地图Q22-25表格Writethecorrectletter,A,B,orC,inboxes22-25onyouranswersheet. Q26选择题剑7Test3Reading3无标题Forests自然科学Q27-33对错题Q34-39Writethecorrectletter,A-J,inboxes34-39onyouranswersheet.Q40选择题剑7Test4Reading1Pullingstringstobuildpyramids金字塔建造建筑社会科学Q1-7对错题Q8-13选择题剑7Test4Reading2EndlessHarvestAlaska历史环境社会科学Q14-20对错题Q21-26Writethecorrectletter,A-K,inboxes21-26onyouranswersheet.剑7Test4Reading3EffectsofnoiseQ30-34填空题剑8Test1Reading1AChronicleofTimekeepingersheet.Q5-8配对Q9-13图填空剑Q20-26剑Q31-40表格填空剑8Test2Reading1Sheetglassmanufacture:thefloatprogress材料自然科学Q1-8表格和图的填空Q9-13对错题剑8Test2Reading2Thelittleiceage小冰期历史环境自然科学Q14-17ListofheadingsQ18-22填空Q23-26选择剑8Test2Reading3Themeaningandpowerofsmell味道自然科学Q33-36选择题Q37-40填空题剑8Test3Reading1Strikingbackatlightningwithlasers激光闪电自然科学Q1-3选择题Q4-10填空题Q11-13对错题剑8Test3Reading2Thenatureofgenius天才社会科学Q19-26对错题剑Q27-32ListofheadingsQ33-36填空题Q37-40剑教育社会科学Q6-9对错题Q10-13选择题剑8Test4Reading2Biologicalcontrolofpests控虫自然科学Q14-17选择题Q18-21对错题Q22-26Writethecorrectletter,A-I,inboxes22-26onyouranswersheet.剑8Test4Reading3CollectingAntSpecimens生物自然科学Q27-30对错题Q31-36配对Writethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD,inboxes31-36onyouranswersheet.Q37-40图填空剑9Test1Reading1WilliamHenryPerkin人物故事社会科学Q1-7对错题Q8-13简答题剑9Test1Reading2Isthereanybodyoutthere?Q14-17ListofheadingsQ18-20简答题Q21-26对错题剑9Test1Reading3Thehistoryofthetortoise生物历史Q27-30简答题Q31-33对错题Q34-39填空题流程Q40选择题剑教育社会科学Q7-10简答题Q11-13剑9Test2Reading2Venusintransit天文自然科学Q14-17Writethecorrectletter,A-G,inboxes14-17onyouranswersheetQ18-21配对题Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectperson,A,B,CorD.Q22-26对错题剑9Test2Reading3Aneuroscientistrevealshowtothinkdifferently人脑神经自然科学Q27-31选择题Q38-40Writethecorrectletter,A-E,inboxes38-40onyouranswersheet.剑9Test3Reading1Attitudestolanguage语言社会科学Q1-8对错题Q9-12填空题Q13选择题剑9Test3Reading2TidalPower潮汐能自然科学Q18-22ChooseFiveletters,A-J.Q23-26填空图剑9Test3Reading3Informationtheory-thebigideaQ33-37填空题Q38-40对错题剑Q1-6对错题Q7-13剑ssenseofidentity孩子的自我意识社会科学Q20-23配对题Matcheachfindingwiththecorrectresearcherorresearchers,A-E. Q24-26填空题剑9Test4Reading3TheDevelopmentofMuseums历史Q31-36选择题Q37-40对错题剑10Test1Reading1Stepwells建筑社会科学Q6-8简答题Q9-13填空题剑10Test1Reading2EuropeanTransportSystem交通运输社会科学Q14-21ListofheadingsQ22-26对错题剑科学Q27-30选择题Q36-40对错题剑10Test2Reading1TeaandtheindustrialrevolutionQ1-7ListofheadingsQ8-13对错题剑Q18-22配对Q23-26剑绘画艺术社会科学Q27-31填空题Q32-35选择题Q36-40对错题剑10Test3Reading1Thecontext,meaningandscopeoftourism旅游社会科学Q1-4ListofheadingsQ5-10对错题剑10Test3Reading2AutumnleavesCanadianwriterJayIngraminvestigatesthemysteryofwhyleavesturnredinthe fall植物自然科学Q14-18Writethecorrectletter,A-I,inboxes14-18onyouranswersheet.Q19-22填空题Q23-25对错题Q26选择题剑地理航海自然科学Q27-31填空Q32-35选择题Q36-40对错题剑Q1-6填空题Q7-13对错题剑心里学Q14-18Q19-22Q23-26Writethecorrectletter,A-H,inboxes23-26onyouranswersheet.剑10Test4Reading3Whenevolutionrunsbackwards进化生物自然科学Q27-31选择题Q32-36Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-G,below.Q37-40对错题剑11Test1Reading1Crop-growingskyscrapers用地社会科学Q8-13对错题剑11Test1Reading2TheFalkirkWheelAuniqueengineeringachievement机械社会科学Q14-19对错题Q20-26图填空题剑Q30-36填空题表格Q37-40配对题剑故事历史Q1-4对错题Q5-8配对题Q9-13图填空题剑历史Q21-24Q25-26剑11Test2Reading3Neuroaesthetics神经美学自然科学Q27-30选择题Q31-33选择题Q34-39对错题Q40选择题剑11Test3Reading1ThestoryofsilkThehistoryoftheworld’smostluxuriousfabric,fromancientChinatothepresen tday历史Q1-9填空题Q10-13对错题剑11Test3Reading2GreatMigrations迁徙生物自然科学Q14-18对错题Q19-22Writethecorrectletter,A-G,inboxes19-22onyouranswersheet.Q23-26选择题剑11Test3Reading3Prefaceto‘学Q35-40填空题剑11Test4Reading1ResearchusingtwinsQ1-4对错题Q5-9配对题Q10-13填空题剑Q14-18Q19-23剑11Test4Reading3‘ThisMarvellousInvention’语言社会科学Q27-32ListofheadingsQ33-36填空题Q37-40对错题标题对应题Test3Passage2Q14-17 Test4Passage3Q28-31 Ielts5Test3Passage2Q14-17 Test4Passage1Q1-3 Ielts6Test1Passage3Q27-32 Test2Passage1Q1-5 Test3Passage2Q14-18 Test4Passage1Q1-7 Test4Passage3Q27-30 Ielts7Test1Passage2Q14-20 Test2Passage3Q27-30Ielts8Test2Passage3Q27-32 Test3Passage3Q27-32 Test4Passage1Q1-5 Ielts9Test1Passage2Q14-17 Test4Passage3Q27-30Test1Passage2Q14-21 Test2Passage1Q1-7 Test3Passage1Q1-4 摘要题Ielts4Test1Passage3Q33-39Test2Passage1Q1-4 Test3Passage2Q22-26 Test3Passage3Q37-40 Test4Passage2Q24-27 Ielts5Test1Passage1Q4-7Test1Passage3Q38-40 Test2Passage1Q1-3Ielts6Test1Passage2Q23-26 Test1Passage3Q33-40 Test2Passage2Q14-22 Test4Passage2Q14-18 Test4Passage3Q35-39 Ielts7Test1Passage1Q6-9 Test1Passage3Q37-40 Test2Passage2Q22-26 Test3Passage1Q7-13 Test4Passage1Q8-13 Test4Passage3Q30-34 Ielts8Test2Passage2Q18-22 Test3Passage1Q7-10 Ielts9Test3Passage1Q9-12 Test4Passage2Q24-26 Ielts10Test2Passage3Q27-31 Test3Passage3Q27-31完成句子题Ielts4Ielts5Test2Passage2Q24-27 Test4Passage3Q34-40 Ielts6Test2Passage2Q23-26 Test2Passage3Q27-31Ielts7Test1Passage1Q10-13 Test2Passage3Q36-39 Test4Passage2Q21-26 Ielts8Test1Passage3Q27-30 Test2Passage3Q37-40Test3Passage1Q4-6 Test3Passage3Q33-36 Test4Passage2Q22-26 Ielts9Test3Passage3Q33-37 Test4Passage1Q7-13Ielts10Test1Passage3Q31-35Test4Passage3Q32-36 简答题Ielts4Test1Passage2Q22-26 Test3Passage2Q18-21 Ielts6Test1Passage1Q12-13 Ielts9Test1Passage1Q8-13 Test1Passage2Q18-20 Test1Passage3Q27-30 Test2Passage1Q7-10 Ielts10Test1Passage1Q6-8 图表题Ielts4Test1Passage2Q15-21 Test2Passage2Q24-26 Test3Passage1Q5-8Test3Passage3Q32-36 Ielts5Ielts6Test3Passage3Q38-40 Ielts7Test3passage2Q20-21 Ielts8Test1Passage1Q9-13精心整理精心整理Test1Passage3Q31-40 Test2Passage1Q1-8 Test4Passage3Q37-40 Ielts9Test1Passage3Q34-39 Test3Passage2Q23-26 Ielts10 TestPassage1Q9-13 选择题Ielts4Test1Passage1Q14-14 Test1Passage3Q27-29 Test1Passage3Q40-40 Test2Passage2Q14-15 Test2Passage2Q33-35Test4Passage2Q22-23 Ielts5Test1Passage1Q1-3。

LanguageC4T2R1 Lost for WordsC5T1R1 Johnson’s DictionaryC5T2R3 The Birth of Scientific EnglishC4T3R3 Obtaining Linguistic DataC9T3R1 Attitude to LanguageEnvironmentC4T1R1 RainforestC5T1R3 The Truth about the EnvironmentC5T3R2 Disappearing DeltaC7T1R2 Making Every Drop CountC7T2R2 The True Cost of Food (Food)C7T3R3 DeforestationC5T4R1 The Impact of Wildness Tourism (Tourism) EducationC4T2R3 Play is a Serious BusinessC5T2R3 Early Childhood EducationC9T2R1 Children DevelopmentBiologyC4T1R2 What Do Whales Feel?C5T4R3 The Effect of Light on Plant and Animal SpeciesC7T1R1 Let’s Go Bats (Technology)C7T3R1 Ant IntelligenceC7T3R2 Population Movement and Genetics (Geography, Society) C8T2R3 The Meaning and Power of SmellC8T3R3 How Does the Biological Clock Tick?C8T4R2 Biological Control of PestsC8T4R3 Collecting Ant SpecimensC8T3R2 The Nature of GeniusPsychologyC4T1R3 Visual Symbols and the BlindC5T1R2 Nature or NurtureC5T2R2 What’s so Funny?C7T1R3 Educating PsychoC8T1R3 TelepathyC9T2R3 A Neuroscientist Reveals How to Think DifferentlyC9T4R2 Young Children’s Sense of IdentityHealth/ MedicineC4T2R2 Alternative Medicine in AustraliaC4T4R3 The Problem of Scarce ResourcesC6T2R2 Greying Population Stays in the PinkC6T3R3 The Search for Anti-aging PillsC6T4R1 Doctoring SalesTechnologyC5T2R1 BakeliteC5T3R3 The Return of Artificial IntelligenceC5T4R2 Flawed Beauty: the Problem with Toughened Glasses C8T1R1 A Chronicle of TimekeepingC8T2R1 Sheet Glass Manufacture: the Float ProcessC9T3R3 Information Theory – the Big Idea GeographyC4T3R2 V olcanoes-earth-shattering NewsC6T1R3 Climate Change and the InuitC8T2R2 The Little Ice AgeC8T4R1 Land of the Rising SumC9T2R2 Venus in TransitC9T3R2 Tidal PowerC9T1R2 Is There Anybody out There?SportsC4T4R1 How much higher? How much faster?C6T1R1 Australia Sporting SuccessArchaeologyC4T4R2 The Nature and Aims of Archeology TransportC6T1R2 Delivering the GoodsC6T2R1 Advantages of Public TransportC8T1R2 Air Traffic Control in the USAScienceC6T2R3 NumerationMediaC6T3R1 CinemaSociety/ Social LifeC4T3R1 Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street YouthC6T3R2 Motivating Employees under Adverse ConditionsC6T4R2 Do Literate Women Make Better Mothers?C6T4R3 BullyingC7T2R3 Makete Integrated Rural Transport ProjectC7T4R2 Endless HarvestC7T4R3 Effects of Noise (Environment, Biology) ArchitectureC7T2R1 Why Pagodas don’t Fall downC7T4R1 Pulling Strings to Build PyramidsCultureC8T3R1 Striking Back at Lightning With Lasers (Physics) C9T1R1 William Henry PerkinC9T1R2 The History of the Tortoise (Biology)C9T4R1 The Life and Work of Marie CurieC9T4R3 The Development of Museums。