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Unit1\2\3\4\7\8\9\10课文翻译Unit One 恰到好处你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。
他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。
法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。
有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。
在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。
这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。
选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。
有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。
寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。
一旦找到了那个词，我们就会感到很欣慰：辛劳得到了回报。
准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。
例如，当有人问你：“某某是怎么样的人？”你回答说：“恩，我想他是个不错的家伙，但他非常……”接着你犹豫了，试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。
当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候，你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚，也更精确了。
一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。
例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同，词义也相关，但用法完全不同。
“human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。
我们不能说“人道权力宣言”，而是说“人权宣言”。
Mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign language. An unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the Cambridge First Certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. Current research also suggests that native English speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16000 English words. And unless you already speak a language like Spanish or German, there are no shortcuts to a large vocabulary in English; you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure out from the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. It often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind.掌握大量的词汇对于达到一门外语的流利程度是至关重要的。
Diction in translation遣词用字1、Definition of dictionBy “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in the target language on the basis of accurate comprehension of the source language text.2、Correspondence between English and Chinese•Full correspondence•No equivalents•One word with multiple equivalents–Of the same meaning–Of different meanings1）Full correspondence•minibus = 微型汽车（面包车）the United Nations = 联合国•the Pacific Ocean = 太平洋helicopter = 直升飞机2）No equivalents•New sci-tech words–plumber 特工mascon 物质聚积–chain-smoker 烟鬼hit 引起轰动的事物3）One word with multiple equivalents of the same meaning（love）–爱人、老婆、夫人、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人、贱内、拙荆One word with multiple equivalents of different meanings•Marry／Sister•Man–I am a man now.–Any man can do it.–The rights of man should be respected.–You can stay in the same room if you are man and wife.3、How to judge the meaning•from the part of speech•from the collocation•from the context•from the syntax1）Part of speech•He saw a man sawing trees with a saw．他看见一个人正用锯子锯树。
女人的职业1 听说你们协会是有关妇女就业的。
协会秘书要我就职业问题谈谈自己的阅历。
不错，我是女人，我也正在就业。
可是我有些什么阅历呢？这个问题似乎很难回答。
我的职业是文学，文学给予女人特有的阅历比其他职业要少，舞台表演除外。
这是因为许多年前范妮•伯尼、阿普拉•贝恩、哈丽雅特•马蒂诺、简•奥斯丁、乔治•爱略特就在这条路上披荆斩棘了。
无数知名的、不知名的女人在我之前扫除了障碍，调整了我的步伐。
我开始写作时，这个职业已经不拒绝女性了。
写作是个高尚而无害的职业，家庭的安宁不会被钢笔的嚓嚓声打破，也不需要很多的经济投资。
花十六便士买的纸足够写下莎士比亚所有巨著--------假如你也有个莎士比亚的脑袋的话。
作家不需要有钢琴、模特儿，不要周游巴黎、维也纳和柏林，也不需聘请家庭教师。
纸张便宜也许是女人在写作领域比其他领域成功的原因。
2 言归正传吧。
我当作家的故事其实很简单，你们大可想象一个手执钢笔的姑娘坐在卧室，从左到右不停地写着，写着，从十点写到一点。
然后，她把这些稿件装进信封，贴上一便士邮票投进信筒。
我就是这样成为报纸撰稿人的。
第二个月的第一天---- 那对我是辉煌的一天--- 我竟收到编辑给我的信，还附了张一镑十六便士的支票。
可我多不懂生活的艰辛呀！我没用这钱买面包和黄油，买鞋子或袜子，或者付杂货店老板的欠单，而是用它买了一只漂亮的波斯猫，一只不久便令我陷入邻里唇枪舌战的小猫。
3 还有什么比写文章，比用稿费买小猫更容易呢？可是，等等！文章得表明见地。
记得那篇文章是评论某个著名作家小说的。
写那篇文章时我就发现，评论作品时我需要与一种幻影搏斗。
这个幻影就是女人。
多次交锋以后，感觉开始明晰，我借一首著名诗歌里女主人公之名，称她为“屋子里的天使”。
她横亘在我和稿纸之间，困绕我，折磨我，消耗我，令我最终忍无可忍，杀了她。
你们年轻一代比较幸运，可能没听说过她--------因而不知道何为“屋子里的天使”。
我简要地解释一下。
新编英语教程5_翻译Unit one1)英语中有大量的词汇，是一门十分灵活的语言，陈述事物有很多种方法。
但即使是意义接近的词语之间也有不同程度的微妙差别。
作为学生，对于这些差别必须了如指掌。
通过使用字典，最重要的是通过阅读，它可以增强对这些细微差别的判断力，提高准确表达自己思想的能力。
English has a wide vocabulary and it is a very flexible language. There are many different ways of making a statement. But words that are very similar in meaning have fine shades of difference, and a student needs to be alive to these differences. By using his dictionary, and above all by reading, a student can increase his sensitivity to these shades of difference and improve his ability to express his own meaning exactly.2)当学习英语的外国学生得知英语中竟有四十多万单词,（尚未包括哩语）时,他们可能会丧失信心和勇气，但是他们应该鼓起勇气，因为超过半数的单词,早已被历史所淘汰，现在已经不流通。
即使是莎士比亚也只使用了大概两万单词而已。
现在的英国人平均词汇量大概在一万二千到一万三千左右。
The foreign student of English may be discouraged and dismayed when he learns that there are over 400,000 words in the English language, without counting slang. But let him take courage. More than half of these words are dead. They are not in current use. Even Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only some 200,000 words. The average Englishman today probably has a vocabulary range of from 12,000 to 13,000 words.3)瑞雪教授曾经指出：“世上并没有同义词。
《英汉翻译》练习题（1）夜大06英语本科1. Diction in translation 词义的选择Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of context.1. This war is becoming the most important story of his generation.2. It is quite another story now.3. Some reporters who were not included in the sessions broke the story.4. He’ll be very happy if that story holds up.5. The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest.6. A young man came to Scott’s office with a story.7. Last December, the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story.8. The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American TV.9. Tell me the story of what happened to you.10. The story of the opera was printed in the program.Distinguish the original meaning of an English word by means of collocation11. a fast car12. the fast growth13. fast music14. a fast journey15. fast color16. a fast film17. a fast oven18. fast asleep19. break one’s fast by drinking some milk20. stick fast in the mud2. Amplification in Translation 增译法21.A book，tight shut，is but a block of paper．22.Success is often just an idea away．23.Nothing happened in the night．24.Away flies the arrow!25.Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain: ThePrince and the Pauper)26.She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast.27.processingpreparationtensionbackwardnessoxidationcorrectnessdependence28.Like most wildlife，deer reproduce，grow，and store fat in the summer and fall whenthere is plenty of nutritious food available.29.To make sure that my parents understood, I declared that I wanted nothing else.30.All roads lead to Rome.31. Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.32. Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.33. A government of and by and for the exploiting class cannot possibly survive.34. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis Bacon)35. This is true of nations as it is of individuals.36. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.37. “Nothing but a pony?" My father asked.“Nothing，”I said.38. How shall l do it?”“Just as you wish.”39. The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature.40. I am in charge of the depot, only I. People will hold me responsible but not you.41. More thorough testing might have caught the failure initially.42. Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.43. For mistakes had been made, bad ones.44. As a result, a few token meetings were being set up through Foggy Bottom, themore-than-ever appropriate nickname for the Department of State.45. Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.46. Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.47. Advice and correction roll off him like water off a duck’s back.48. I could knit when I was seven.49. The United States has now set up a loneliness industry.50. The blond boy quickly crossed himself.51. You must come back before nine. Period!52. Don’t take it seriously. It’s only a joke.53. As I snooze she talks – of anything, everything, all the things that women talk of: books, music, dress, men, other women.54. Target priorities were established there.55. But there had been too much publicity about my case.56. I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing．57. It was a bright September afternoon and the streets of New York were brilliant with moving men．3. Proper omission 省译58. The earth moves round the sun.59. The horse is a useful animal.60. Any home appliance must be handled with care whether it is a TV set, a VCR or a microwave oven.61. We do translation exercises twice a week.62. How do you like the film?63. The rocket engine carries with it the oxygen of its own.64. We have made much progress in pronunciation.65. Trees grow along both banks of the canal.66. Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country.67. If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first one the head and if you want to catch a band of robbers you must first catch their leader.68. He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.69. The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain.70. If your TV set does not work properly, you’d be tter not have it fixed. Just buy a new one.71. He is keeping his bed.72. All the fellows gathered around, stretching their necks like geese.73. Why do we feel cooler when we fan ourselves?74. That dishonest boy is not at all ill. He is alive and kicking in the swimming pool. We all saw him.75. It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the film came into being.76. It requires patience to do the job.77. It is true that he went there.78. He took it upon himself to pay off the debt.79. It is easy to learn English, but it is difficult to attain perfection in it.80. It is quite still in the laboratory.81. It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.82. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?83. I can finish the work so long as you give me time.84. No matter whether you believe me or not, I saw it with my own eyes.85. There must be some people in the room, for I heard a voice.86. Let us go and try it again.87. He considered the National Security Council too large and bulky and thus too leaky, too many people who talked too much.88. When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.89. On the platform I could see a Negro who was working at the pump.90. In most cases the soil near the surface is merely damp and is not completely saturated with water.91. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low.92. These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.93. He ordered a Gibson (吉布森鸡尾酒，一种由杜松子酒或伏特加酒与苦艾酒混合而成的酒) and shouldered his way in between two other men at the bar.94. What is the shortest possible way to China Hotel?95. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.96. Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all ages knocked me about and starved me.97. UNICEF would be in a position to meet more of the vast unsatisfied needs of children and young people if more resources were made available to it.98. A motion has been made for a separate vote on paragraph 4 of the draft resolution which appears in paragraph 11 of the report.99. There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead. 100. China is also a country of people with a passionate love of flowers and trees and intense dedication to the welfare of children and to the work ethic.101. Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.102. The late Mrs. Achson had passed to her Maker somewhere about 1930.103. The crowd was pushing harder. Those in the middle were squeezed against each other so tightly they could not move in any direction.4. Conversion of Word Types 词类转译104. His drawing of children is exceptionally good.105. Talking with his son，the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrongdoings．106. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.107. He admires the President‘s stated decision to fight for the job.108. Rationing by points is over and rationing by purse is in.109. A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.110. I am afraid I can't teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.111. The thought that she would be separated from her husband during his long and dangerous journey saddened Mrs. Brown.112. The presence of the Indians here at the time of Columbus’ arrival was sufficient proof of it.113. The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries.114.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.115. What kind of sailor are you?116."Coming!" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.117. South Africa has refused to heed the legitimate appeal of the United Nations for co-operation.118.…that we here highly resolve …, that this nation under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.119. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. 120. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.121.Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.122.That day he was up before sunrise.123.Wisely, you made no attempt to have these problems discussed by the GeneralAssembly, believing that they should be dealt with elsewhere.124.Formality has always characterized their relationship.125.To them, he personified the absolute power.126.Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 127.Stevenson was eloquent and elegant ----but soft.128.It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the Soviet Union.129.The image must be dimensionally correct.130.The paper said editorially that McMillan has stolen the western leadership during Dulles’ absence.131. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.132.As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. 133.She has beauty still, and, if it is not in its heyday, it is not yet in its autumn.134. The computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and quick computations. 135. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.136.He had the honor to attend the People’s Congress.137.Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence?5. The extension of word sense 词义引申138. They both agreed in calling him an “old screw”, which means a “very stingy” avaricious person. He never gives any money to anybody, they said.139. Her concentration became so short that she couldn’t comprehend the article she normally breezed through in professional journals.140.The following week was family conference, something I dreaded. This was the day the dirty laundry got hung out to air in a private session between parent, child andcounselor.141. But she expected us to fire her! The way she gloated—I’ve got to crack down on her. 142. It is money you love, and not the man; and were Cleo and his footman to change places, you know, you poor rogue, who would have the benefit of your allegiance. 143. Clearly, when it comes to marriage,practicing bef orehand doesn’t make perfect. 144.A large segment of mankind turns to untrammeled nature as a last refug e from encroaching technology.145.But after six years of a stormy marriage, Cewe decided to end it. She didn’t want her son to grow up thinking that kind of relationship was normal.146.Torcello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing fromVenice.147.The seasons came and went and they revolved around Joshua.148.Though a translation may be like old wine in new bottles or a woman in man’s clothing, the results can be both tasteful and alive.149.I hope to avoid straying on the one hand into the sands of foreign policy, and on the other into the marshes of international law.150.How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart?151.Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.152.His chances of getting into Harvard are one out of a hundred.153.Alongside or not far from the lavish residents and tall modern buildings of the well-heeled were the poverty-crammed hovels and mud-floor mat sheds.154.He stepped right in after them, like it or not. He was determined that nothing should keep him from a chance of enlightenment.155.In order to get a large amount of water power we need a large pressure and a large current.156.A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his theories, and his conclusions. 157.In older cranes that have already paired off, dancing reinforces the union—it’s a sort of annual renewal of “vows”.158.Almost all men have been taught to call life a passage and themselves the travelers. 159.The history teacher told us that making an outline kills two birds with one stone, it makes us study the lesson till we understand it, and it gives us notes to review before the test.160.You will get no word from him. He’s a regular oyster.161.He had clean hands during this ten years’ government.162.Don’t put your finger into another’s pie.163.When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.”164.There is much woman about him.165.When Jean graduated from high school, she looked at the world through rose-colored glasses.166.He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life or death.167.That does not worry me as much as that sullen look, as thou gh she’s going to get out a razor.6. Negation 同义反译/视角转换法168.Mattie’s hand was underneath, and Ethan kept his clasp on it a moment longer than necessary.169.riot police170.crisis law171.spy film172.No prisoners!173.After you, sir.174.“Ha d you ever seen the man before?”“No, I hadn't. He was a total stranger. ”175.Please tender exact fare.176.Keep in lane!177.Keep off the lawn!178.I couldn’t agree more with you.179.Just make yourself at home.180. “Where’s your brother?” “He’s still in bed.”181.I lay awake almost the whole night.182.Did I get your name right?183.Washington must do something about that man, and soon.184.He was the last man to say such things.185.They are non-local laborers in Beijing.186.She won’t go away until you promise to help her.187.Only three customers remained in the bar.188.We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.189.Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?190.I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task.191.We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.192.I’ll be here for good this time.193.Wait, he is serious.194.Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!195.Isn’t it funny!196. “You will try to tide me over, won’t you?”“Won’t I!”197.If all three of you take part in it, there can be no further questioning of your courage. 198.I am never at a loss for a word; Pitt is never at a loss for the word.199.When Stephen was in troduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read yourarticle. We expected to meet an older man.”200.It is a good workman that never blunders.201.Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage. 202.In a little town such things cannot be done without remark.203.The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him.204.You cannot praise the play too highly.205.I don't think we have asked for anything that they haven't done.206.The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.207.That’s a thing that might happen to any man.208.This book is a fool to that both in plot and execution.209.He was 75, but he carried his years lightly.210.His speech leaves much to be desired.211.John was a fool for danger.puters may eventually be able to learn by using such senses as smell, touch and taste. But will computers become smarter than people? That is anybody’s guess. 213.I gave you credit for being more sensible.214.Please withhold the document for the time being.215.Appearances are deceptive.216.While she liked his work, she pointed out areas where improvement was possible.217.Good winner, good loser.218.I won’t keep you waiting long.219.The darkness was thinning, but the street was still dimly lighted.220.He drove slowly down the hill, his elbows resting on the wheel, his chin cupped in his hands。
Unit FiveSection AHow to Increase Your Mental Potential 参考译文如何提高你的智力潜能新的研究表明，智慧中包含着许多技能，普通人可以有意识地去提高这些技能。
—J H D[1]这个十来岁的孩子给父母带来了沉重的消息。
生下来就迟钝，在学校很调皮。
耻辱的开除令使他在学业上彻底失败：“你扰乱课堂秩序，影响其他学生”。
[2]很多年以后，他很有哲理性地回忆起小时候学习上的困惑：“我的智力发展很迟缓，因而直到我长大后，我才开始对空间和时间方面产生一些疑惑。
当然我对问题的考虑要比一个孩子深刻。
”就这样，年轻的爱因斯坦在被从学校驱逐出十一年之后，发表了改变我们对宇宙理解的相对论。
[3]在这一世纪中没有其他人比爱因斯坦更广泛地被认为是天才。
然而他小时候智力发展存在问题和他的特有天赋使我们对有关天才、智慧或智商的传统观点产生了怀疑。
一方面，爱因斯坦小时候在智力测试所看重的能力上表现出有缺陷；而另一方面，他独特的智能却远远超出了对于智慧的大多数定义。
特别是他的智能发展表现出一种独特的渐进过程，这与智力是天生和不变的流行观念是矛盾的。
他学会的而不是天生的能力一一尤其是他顽强的毅力和善于思索的技能一一很明显，与任何智力上的明显优势一样对他的才能起着决定的作用。
[4]传统定义所忽略的这些起重要作用的智力因素在新的研究活动中正在引起密切的关注。
这一现象是出现在早期的多年研究揭露了通常的智力测量的局限性之后。
研究表明，智力是多方面的，是奇异的：它包括个性特征、创造技能和知识才能，这些都是无法测试的。
[5]特别令人兴奋的研究结果是，这些被下了错误定义的能力中的某一些是许多人都具备的。
只要了解这些被忽略了的技能，就会帮助我们发现并培养我们自身及我们孩子的未开发的潜能。
四个主要方面的研究可以帮助我们较好地的理解这些能力。
[6]1、智商智商测试的分数并不象以前所认为的那样重要。
长期研究表明，在人的一生中，智商数可能有很大的变化。
