2019-2020年高三英语二轮复习第二部分语法知识讲练篇专题十七名词冠词代词和数词课件

名词与冠词【考纲解读】关于名词，高考主要考查：1. 名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。

名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。

另外，高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。

这些问题主要出现在完形填空中。

2. 名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

这些问题常出现在短文改错或语法填空中。

3. 名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象，主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。

冠词的考查几乎每年都会在新课标卷中出现，主要是在语境中考查考生对冠词的理解和运用。

考查要点主要包括：1. 考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。

2. 考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法，如抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。

3. 考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。

4. 考查零冠词的运用。

另外，还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。

【考点纵横】【考题导引】1. （2016 •全国I, 61）Che ngdu has doze ns of new milli on aires, Asia ' s biggest buildi ng,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pan das are its top _____ （attract）2. （2016 •全国I, 69）The nursery team switches him every few ________ （day） with his sister.3. _______________________________________________________________________________ （2016 •全国I ,短文改错）My uncle tells methat the key to his success is honest. __________________4. __ （2016 •全国n, 42）Handle the most important tasks first so you' ll feel a real sense of_______ （achieve）.5. （2016 •全国n, 46）Recent （study） show that we are far more productive at workif we take short breaks regularly.6. （2016 •全国n, 48）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercis ing, or doing someth ing you enjoy.7. （2016 •全国n,短文改错）In that case, we will learn little about world. ___8. （2015 •江苏，33）—Why did n't you invite John to your birthday party?—Well, you know he's ____ wet bla nket.9. （2015 •浙江，_______________________________ 2）Ja ne's gra ndmother had wan ted to write childre n's __________________________________ book for manyyears, but one thing or ano ther always got in ___ way.10. （2015 •重庆，3）I just heard ________________________ bank where Doraworks was robbed by gunmanweari ng a mask.1. attraction ［空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。

2019-2020年高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精选冠词一、分类1．定冠词指的是the, 常常表示的是特指。

He is the teacher we talked about yesterday。

2．不定冠词是a和an。

其中a用于辅音（指的是音而不是字母）开头的词前，an用于元音开头的词。

An island, a small island, an honest man, a house, a university, 还应注意He is a European. I got a one hundred.3．特指和泛指1．不定冠词表示"一"这个数量的时候，意思和one差不多。

但one更侧重"数目"这一概念，如yesterday I bought one book, not two. 通常表示重量，长度，时间等词组。

The apples are two yuan a pound.Give me a cup of tea. Twice a week, eight hours a day...只可能在可数的单数名词前，不可能出现在不可数名词前。

I have a good idea. I have good news.2．表示"某一个"。

但是仍然翻译成"一个"。

At that time I was working in a factory.A young man wanted to see you.3. 表示"一类"，或"一类中的某一个"。

A dictionary is a book.Do you have a pen?There is a man standing in front of the bank.I met a friend of yours yesterday.4．首次提到的人或事物而且听者并不知道指的是哪一个的时候，前面必须用不定冠词；再次提到此人或此物时，由于听者已知知道指的是何人或何物时，必须用定冠词。

高考英语二轮复习抢分秘笈：冠词、名词、代词（含答案）考点 1 冠词冠词是历年高考的必考点，对于冠词的考查主要集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯用法，高考中常见的考点如下：①冠词的泛指、特指②在形容词和副词比较等级前的用法③固定搭配④ a 和an的区别（2017新增）预计2019年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。

考向1 不定冠词1. 与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别，泛指一类人或事物。

☞—I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.—You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer.2. 用来表示不确定的某一个, 相当于a certain。

☞—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?—Sorr y, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示＂每一（单位）的……＂。

☞I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.4. 在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词，使之意义具体化，表示＂一种＂、＂一件＂、＂一份＂等。

☞It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。

(honour是抽象名词，an honour指一件荣誉的事)5. 不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。

☞She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。

2019-2020学年度最新高考英语语法专题复习Word版( 附参照答案 )一、冠词The Article知识重点：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。

冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（ The definite Article ）两种。

a (an) 是不定冠词， a 用在辅音以前：如 a book, a man; an 用在元音以前，如： an old man, an hour, an interesting book 等。

the 是定冠词。

一、不定冠词的用法1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。

这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。

如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.2、指某人或某物，但不详细说明何人或何物。

如：He borrowed a story-book from the library.A Wang is looking for you.一位姓王的同志正在找你。

3、表示数目，有“一”的意思，但数的观点没有one 激烈。

如：I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4、用于某些固定词组中。

如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while,for a long time 等。

5、用在抽象名词前，表详细的介绍——a +抽象名词，起详细化的作用。

如：This little girl is a joy to her parents.这女孩对她父亲母亲来说是一个乐趣。

It is a pleasure to talk with you.跟您谈话真是一件快乐的事情。

高三英语语法知识：名词、代词和冠词知识精讲1. 名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。

名词在句子中可以作主语，宾语，表语，宾语补足语，定语，名数词连用可以做状语。

在使用名词时，要注意区分可数名词和不可数名词，以便于正确使用表示不确定数量的定语。

如：a lot of / plenty of / some 可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。

而：many, a few, few several, scores of, large quantities of, dozens of, a couple of 等只能用在可数名词之前，much, a great deal of, a little, little, a great amount of 等只能用在不可数名词之前。

2. 冠词：冠词是一种虚词，放在名词前面，帮助说明名词的意义。

冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。

a (an)是不定冠词，an用在元音发音开始的词语前。

如：an hour, an English book。

the 是定冠词。

1）不定冠词：不定冠词a (an)只能用在单数可数名词前。

关于它的用法，用四个字概括，“每、一、类、某”。

①表示“每日”、“每周”……Please take this medicine three times a day.②表示某一种人或物中的一个。

All of us know that he is a teacher, not a student.③表示某一类人或物。

It is an easy task for an elephant.④表示“某一个”，但仍译为“一个”、“有个”。

One day, a Frenchman went to Berlin on business.2）定冠词的用法：①特指某人或某物，指说话人与听话人都知道的人或物。

Look at the picture. Is there a man in the picture?②复指前面已提到的人或物。

2019 年高考英语二轮专题复习 1 冠词、名词和主谓一致【专题一】冠词、名词和主谓一致【考点剖析】冠词 1. 不定冠词 a/an 表示个别或泛指的用法；定冠词the 特指某一个人或事物的用法； 2. 考察冠词在固定搭配中的用法，包含零冠词（即不用冠词 ) 表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法； 3. 考察不定冠词在详细化抽象名词前的用法； 4. 考察冠词在比较级前的用法； 5. 考察冠词在其余特别构造中的用法； 6. 考察用不用冠词意义大不同样的短语。

名词和主谓一致 1. 对名词的可数与不行数性的考察：①最常有的形式是主谓一致的考察；分数和百分数作主语、数目词作主语仍将是考察要点（as well as; together with; along with; not only but also; rather than; neither nor;either or ; the number of与a number of等要特别关注）；②有些名词的复数形式能够表示特其余意义；③有些名词往常用作不行数名词；④有些名词用作不行数名词时，表示抽象观点，与不定冠词连用或用作可数名词时表示个体事物；⑤有些名词，既能够作可数名词，也能够用作不行数名词，但意思不同样；⑥某些集体名词，假如把它们所表示的人或事物看作整体来对待，谓语动词用单数形式；假如把它们表示的人或事物看作若干个体来看，谓语动词用复数形式。

2. 对名词词义及词义辨析的考察；3.对名词与介词固定搭配的考察；4. 对名词句法功能的考察：重在考察名词作定语的用法。

【知识点概括】（一）冠词冠词分为不定冠词（ a, an），定冠词（ the ），和零冠词。

i. 不定冠词的用法1. 指一类人或事，相当于 a kind ofa plane is a machine thatcan fly.2. 第一次说起某人某物，非特指 a boy is waiting for you. 有个男孩在等你。

2019 届高考英语语法冠词专题知识复习（原创精选） XX年一般高考英语科语法知识网络专题01冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（ the ），和零冠词。

i.不定冠词的用法 1 指一类人或事，相当于 a kind ofa plane isa machine that can fly. 2第一次说起某人某物，非特指a boyis waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。

3表示“每一”相当于 every ，onewe study eight hours a day. 4表示“同样”相当于 the samewe are nearly of an age. 5用于人名前，表示不认识这人或与某名人有近似性质的人或事—hello, couldi speak to mr. smith?—sorry, wrong number. thereisn't______ mr. smith here.a.不填 b. a c.the d. onethat boy is rather a lei feng.（活雷锋）6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, ina hurry, have a walk, many a time 7用于quite,rather, many, half, what, such以后this room is rather a big one. 8用于 so(as, too, how)+形容词以后she is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 9用于抽象名词详细化的名词前success( 抽象名词 ) →a success( 详细化 )成功的人或事a failure失败的人或事 a shame带来羞耻的人或事apity惋惜或遗憾的事 a must必要必备的事 a good knowledge of精晓掌握某一方面的知识ii.定冠词的用法1表示某一类人或物 in many places in china, ___ bicycle isstill ___ popular means of transportation.a. a; theb. /; ac. the; ad. the; the 2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the pacificocean 3表示说话两方都认识的或上文提到过的人或事would you mind opening the door? 4 用于演奏乐器 play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妻”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）— could you tell me the way to____ johnsons, please? —sorry,we don’t have ____ johnson here in the village. a. the; the b. the; a c. /;the d. the; / 7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 he is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the united states,the communist party of china, the french9用于表示发明物的单数名词前 the compass was invented in china. 10在逢十的复数数词以前，指世纪的某个年月in the 1990’s( 二十世纪九十年月 )11用于表示胸怀单位的名词前 i hired the carby the hour.用于方向名词，身体部位名词he patted me on the shoulder.iii.不用冠词（别名零冠词）的用法2019--19（原创精选） XX年一般高考英语科语法知识网络专题01冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（ the ），和零冠词。

2019届二轮复习语法专题冠词学习目标冠词不仅是高考单项填空题中常考的项目，而且在书面表达题中，学生更容易发生语感性和过失性错误，影响了文章的整体水平。

冠词虽然只有三个a，an和the，但所使用的场合却纷繁复杂，学生记忆起来常常没有头绪。

下面来了解冠词的复习要点。

一、冠词的基本用法与习惯用法关于冠词的基本用法和习惯用法，我们要记住这个口诀：名词冠词不分家，泛指特指惯用法。

名词冠词不分家：冠词是虚词，不能单独使用，必须依附于名词才有存在的意义。

而名词的可数与不可数，单数与复数等特点反过来也会影响冠词的使用。

泛指特指惯用法：泛指即不明确具体所指，是不定冠词 a (an)和零冠词(即不使用冠词)的基本用法。

而特指是指说话者和听话者都明确无误地知道所指，是定冠词the的基本用法。

我们把那些没有规律的习惯搭配称为惯用法，它们需要单独记忆。

1．冠词的基本用法注意：the与可数名词单数搭配有时可泛指，表类属。

如：The horse is a useful animal.在我们说话时，先明确我们要泛指还是特指我们所要谈的人或物，然后相应的选择合适的冠词。

其他的基本都可归为惯用法，需要理解后记忆即可。

如果掌握了这一规律，把复杂的问题简单化后，你会发现很多问题都可以迎刃而解。

如：用在序数词，形容词最高级及形容词only, very, same等前面的the其实就是the的基本用法，即特指。

请体会：That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。

如：(1) [2010·四川卷] In __ most countries，a university degree can give you __ flying start in life.A．the；a B．the；/ C．/；/ D．/；a【解析】 D 考查冠词词义辨析。

第一空是泛指大多数国家，省略冠词；第二空也是泛指，start在这里作可数名词，意为“起始优势；良好的基础条件”。

冠词1.不用冠词的情况（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。

China , America, Smith（2）季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。

March, May Day, National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s DayHave you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.（3）称呼语及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。

What’s this, Father? We made him our chairman.Professor Li.（4）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。

Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.（5）复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。

They are peasants/ workers.（6）在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。

by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。

（7）某些固定词组中不用冠词。

①名词词组中：husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork②介词词组中：to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。

高三第二轮专题知识练习---名词与冠词精练一1、on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadiansis major concern of the country.A、The;/B、The;aC、An;theD、An;/2、Some boys think that Nike basketball shoes,though still must –have item for somestudents, are becoming out of date.A、/;theB、a; theC、a;/D、the; A3、teacher of my grandmother’s is coming the day after tomorrow. I’m wondering howold women she should be.A、The; aB、A; aC、A; theD、The; the4、When you finish reading the book, you will have better understanding of life.A、a; theB、the; aC、/;theD、a;/5、The newspaper did not mention the of the damage caused by the fire.A、rangeB、levelC、extentD、quantity6、This book tells life story of John Smith, who left school and worked for anewspaper at the age of 16.A、the; theB、a; theC、the;/D、a;/7、How do you turn big White House into home, a sweet home ?That is one of thechallenges faced by each first lady in America.A、the; aB、a; theC、a; aD、the; the8、As is known to all, tiger is in danger of dying out.A、a; aB、the;/C、a;/D、the; the9、Health and______ education are matters that______ most voters feel strongly about.A、the; theB、the;/C、/;/D、a; the10、I often have conversations with Tom over telephone, while keeping in touch withJim by mail.A、/;theB、/;/C、the; aD、the;/11、Being able to speak another language fluently is a great___ when you are looking for a job.A、chanceB、importanceC、assistantD、advantage12、To qualify, you must have good knowledge of chemistry.A、a;/B、a; theC、the; theD、/;/13、Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full .A、capacityB、strengthC、lengthD、possibility14、The environmentalists said wild goats’___________on the vast grasslands was a goodindication of the better environment.A、escapeB、absenceC、attendanceD、appearance15、It is_______world of wonders,__________world where anything can happen.A、a; theB、a; aC、the; aD、/;/1-----5BCBDC 6---10CABCD 11—15DAADB精练二1、For a long time they walked without saying word. Jim was the first to break silence.A、the; aB、a; theC、a;/D、the;/2、A thief is a danger to .A、societyB、the societyC、societiesD、a society3、----who came out first in the London Marathon?----Michael. He’s always first to reach the line.A、the; theB、/;/C、/;theD、the;/4、His honesty is and nobody ever doubts it.A、beyond questionB、out of the questionC、in questionD、beside the question5、The most important thing about cotton in history is________part that it played in_________Industrial Revolution.A、/;/B、the;/C、the; theD、a; the6、The English Channel, also known as CCTV-9,provides English viewers both in Chinaand rest of the world with news and some other special programs 24 hours a day.A、the; theB、the;/C、/;/D、/;the7、Great__________have been taken to finish the work ahead of time.A、painsB、woundsC、troublesD、strengths8、----What do you think of the manager of your company?----Oh, he is manager who’s pleasant to work with. It’s pleasure to work with him.A、the; aB、a; aC、a; theD、/;a9、If we want to reach our goal and truly make ,we must know what we can do try our bestto do well.A、a differenceB、an offerC、a constructionD、a result10、----Officer I want to report loss of package.----What has happened to it?A、/;aB、/;theC、the; aD、a; the11、Giving small children some money as a gift during the Spring Festival is a common inChina, which may seem strange to foreigners?A、senseB、practiceC、groundD、habit12、Mark, can you make of this sentence? I don’t understand it.A、useB、senseC、meaningD、difference13、Look at the lift, It’s out off.Can’t you get someone to fix it?A、conditionB、orderC、dangerD、work14、----Have you read English novel?----Yes, I have. But I really want to read it second time since it’s so interesting.A、an; aB、an; theC、the; aD、the; the15、If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off .A、a priceB、priceC、the priceD、prices1-----5BACAC 6---10DABAC 11---15BBBCC精练三1、On New Year’s Eve, New York City holds an outdoor which attracts a crowd of amillion or more people.A、incidentB、eventC、caseD、affair2、All these changes will lead to stronger and more powerful China, country that cansurprise and enrich our planet.A、a; aB、a; theC、the; aD、the; the3、----Have you found pen you lost the other day?----Not yet, but I have found pen which is not mine.A、the; theB、a; aC、the; aD、a; the4、Judging from look on his face, he must have news of great excitement to tell us.A、the; aB、/;/C、the; theD、the;/5、Mr. White usually goes to theatre to enjoy Beijing opera on Sundaymorning, but today he went to church instead.A、the;the;theB、a;/;/C、the;/;/D、/;the; thee6、Niagara Falls is a great tourist ,drawing millions of visitors every year.A、attentionB、attractionC、appointmentD、arrangement7、Tom owns larger collection of books than any other student in our class.A、the;/B、a;/C、a; theD、/;the8、Lightning is a of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.A、rushB、rainbowC、rackD、ribbon9、When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to hotel; II can find youbed in my flat.A、the; aB、the;/C、a; theD、a;/10、The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has all over the country.A、companiesB、branchesC、organizationsD、businesses11、If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you getfast one.A、the; theB、/;aC、the; aD、/;/12、How did you like the of the interpreter(口译员)at the Chinese FM press conference of6—part talks on TV?A、performanceB、achievementC、materialD、words13、Some famous singers live on the from their record sales.A、salaryB、valueC、billD、income14、Before the final examination, many students have shown ____________of tension. Somehave trouble sleeping while others have lost their appetite(胃口).A、anxietyB、marksC、signsD、remarks1-----5BACDC 6----10BBAAB 11---14BADC精练四1、While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made discoverywhich completely changed man’s understanding of colour.A、a;/B、a; theC、/;theD、the; a2、----Why did you refuse to move in the house?----Because it was really in a poor and dirty .A、formB、kindC、shapeD、state3、His name was on the of my tongue, but I just couldn’t remember it.A、endB、edgeC、tipD、side4、We’ll have PE this afternoon but I forgot to bring my .A、sports clothesB、sport clothesC、clothes of sportsD、sport’s clothes5、As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further .A、newsB、informationC、noticeD、message6、On May 5,2005,at World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Haowon the gold medal in men’s doubles with score of 4:1.A、a; aB、/;theC、a;/D、the; a7、In a time of social reform(改革),people’s state of mind tends to keep with the rapidchanges of the society.A、stepB、paceC、progressD、touch8、It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be.A、impressionB、reactionC、commentD、opinion9、After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport.A、the; aB、a; theC、/;aD、/;the10、----What a pleasant these trees give us!----Why not stop here and have a rest in it?A、shadeB、shadowC、peaceD、scene11、When he left college, he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office.A、/;aB、/;theC、a; theD、the; the12、Let us suppose that you are in position of parent. Would allow your child to dosuch a thing?A、a; aB、the; theC、a; theD、the; a13、They can never make good nurses, not having the necessary .A、practiceB、educationC、exerciseD、training1-----5ADCAC 6----10DBBBA 11---13ADD。