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雅思强化阅读精讲班第5讲讲义判断题（三）一、LSE的原则和技巧一、原则：F1原则（绝对化）：题干在范围、程度上使用了比原文更绝对的词。
例如：原文说some/many，题干说all。
或者原文说sometimes，题干说always/usually。
例1 原文：Many lecturers find their jobs very rewarding.题干：All lecturers get something positive from their work.例2原文：Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom.另外，请参见《剑桥6》移民类第一套阅读第五题F2原则（一个萝卜一个坑）：原文与题干考点词的类型相同，但是具体内容不同。
例题：F2原则的例题包括：《剑桥3》：T2P1Q2，T3P1Q1/Q2，T3P2Q16，T4P2Q22/Q23《剑桥4》：T1P1Q5《剑桥5》：T2P3Q36，T3P2Q20F3原则（实体限定）：原文提供了多种实体选择，而题干仅限定于其中一中。
例如：原文说Ａ and/or B ，题干说only A 。
A and B 相当于NOT only A ，所以存在矛盾，选FALSE 。
例题：F3原则的例题：《剑桥4》T3P1Q11二、技巧：FS1技巧（S代表skill）：含有绝对范围、程度考点词的题目大多数选FALSE/NO。
Understanding IELTS Grammar---Solution to Long & Complicated Sentences●长难句成因：“树形结构”：•修饰成分纷繁复杂•主从句交织•特殊句式●Strategies for Long & Complicated Sentences:一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句2.定语从句3.状语从句4.多重复合句二、特殊结构句式解析1. 分隔结构2. 倒装结构3. 强调结构4. 双重或者多重否定5. 比较结构一、主从复合句解析1.名词性从句1.1 主语从句•Looking at the picture makes him experience a severe attack of nostalgia.•For her, a woman, to defy her husband’s order would be considered audacious at her time.•What bothers me about this point of view is that it implies that human beings, in somedeep sense, are not part of nature.•That he is in love with her is no longer a secret.主语从句解读方法：●●主语从句引导词：Practice:（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Who the watch belongs to is unknown.（5）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（6）What caused the accident remains unknown.（7）What we need is time.（8）What we need are good doctors.（9）Whatever you did is right.Example 1：That the nineteenth– century French novelist Balzac could be financially wise in his fiction while losing all his money in his life was an irony which was duplicated in other matters.Example 2:That such radical adaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active rather than programmed and static.Example 3:However, it can not be denied that it was Smith who introduced such a target for later novelists.Further Practice:1. It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather.2. It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question.3. It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.4. It is probable that he has known everything.5. It appeared that he had a taste for music.6. It made us very happy that she was saved7. It remains unknown when they are going to get married.8. It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.9. It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.1.2. 宾语从句（object clause）引导词：Example 1：A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Example 2：Yet new findings in neuroscience suggest that the brain retains its ability to reorganize itself in response to experience or injury throughout life: after the loss of sensory input from an amputated limb, for example, adults are able to learn new motor skills effectively.Example 3：Art historian Kenneth Clarke, for example, writing in 1973, could not accept that the Mona Lisa was famous for reasons other than its inner qualities.Example 4:The study on rats, kittens, and mice may, for instance, provide a physiological explanation for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds of behavior that they will later use as adults.1.3 表语从句引导词：who, how, when, as, whetherExample：The key issue in judging overpopulation is not how many people can fit into any given space but whether Earth can supply the population’s long-term requirement for food, water, and other resources.Practice:The miracle is how they all cooperate, and are integrated together, in the creation ofa self.1.4 同位语从句Example:He was surprised at the fact that he had passed the IELTS examination.先行词：破解关键：Example 1：There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end.Example 2:The belief that it is harmful to the black community for authors to explore the humanity of our leaders can have troubling effects.Example 3:【剑3】In recent times, scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical conditions.Example 4:【剑3】This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt in spite of partial integration in to a notoriously fickle worldeconomy.Practices：I take further comfort in the fact that human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statue of Anne, the world’s first modern copyright law, passed the British parliament.According to James, a child’s first step on the road to self-understanding can be seen as the recognition that he or she exists. [剑9]2.定语从句引导词：Which:Like the slaves, women took literally the preamble of the Declaration of Independence, which states that all men are created equal.Libraries made education possible，and education in its turn added to libraries；the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law，which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.That:With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem that cannot be solved in a few hours.O ften, the children’s disagreements involved a struggle over a toy that none of them had played with before or after the tug-of-war: the children seemed to be disputing ownership rather than wanting to play with it. [剑9]There is something, they argue, inside the painting that speaks to us all, that unleashes feelings, emotion, and recognition.关系代词that的省略：Because the potential talent John has is obvious, he is going to be elected as the president.Another powerful source of information for infants about the effects they can have on the world around them is provided when others mimic them.Who:The student who is answering the question is John.The person who was here yesterday is a musician.Whom:In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.Whose:Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.关系副词:When:She will never forget the day when she got married.Where:One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.Why:Give me one reason why we should help you.复杂定语从句：介词/介词短语+引导词This is the desk on which I found my book.The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home. His book vividly illustrates the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion the forces of industrialization and urbanization.We are not conscious of the extent to which work provide the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.【剑5】This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology—to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behavior.【剑8】Perhaps for us today, two of the most significant aspects of most of these studies of genius are the frequency with which early encouragement and teaching by parents and tutors had beneficial effects on the intellectual, artistic or musical development of the children but caused great difficulties of adjustment later in their lives, and the frequency with which abilities went unrecognized by teachers and schools.【剑8】The ease with which truly great ideas are accepted and taken for granted fails to lessen their significance.3.状语从句关联词：破解关键：When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.I’m not living where I was.Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.Take your coat in case it rains.He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam.He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.4.多重复合句However, Lewis and Brooks-Gunn (1979) suggest that infants’ developing understanding that movements they see in the mirror are contingent on their own, leads to a growing awareness that they are distinct from other people. [剑9]Since both rapid and light rail have electric engines, pollution is measured not from the motor exhaust but from the power plant generating electricity, which is usually located outside the city, where air quality problems are less serious.二、特殊结构句式1.分隔结构处理原则：Example:In relationships of mutual dependence, such as between labour and management or within an organization or a family, the question (of who is more powerful) turns on who is less dependent on the other.In developing countries, where at least 10 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people by the end of this decade, failing to give priority to public transport would be disastrous.It will take years for whites—including those who think of themselves as liberals—to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have.Thirdly, the waste radioactive material, including not only the uranium but also water and even the clothes used by power station personnel, must be disposed of.A cousin of the tenacious Asian longhorned beetle—which since its initial discovery in 1996 in New York City has caused tens of millions of dollars in damage annually – ,the citrus longhorned beetle, was discovered on a juniper bush in August 2001 in Tukwila, Washington.Generations of teachers have assigned Thoreau’s book Walden (1854), which recounts his experiment in living in solitary harmony with nature, as an illustration of the intensity with which nineteenth-century America protested the intrusion into pastoral harmony of the forces of industrialization and urbanization.Practices:Yet Linnaeus himself would probably have been the first to admit that classification is only a tool, and not the ultimate purpose, of biological inquiry.Like Douglass, who invoked the rhetoric of male individualism to encourage identification with his narrative, she had to make her readers take the oppression of slave women personally, to see it as a threat to their own sense of themselves as women.2. 倒装结构(1). Only+状语位于句首Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a mother.(2). 以never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等词引导的句子。
【推荐】雅思阅读名师课堂讲义分享（第一章）-实用word文档本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读名师课堂讲义分享（第一章）第1章 IELTS 中关于阅读文章中是非判断题分析1.1 是非题中关于 only 题的总结总结：剑4、5、6中共有 only 题7小题，5题 F ，2题 NG ，剑7中共有 only 题4小题3 F ，1 T . F 机率远大于 NG 及 T1.2 是非题中关于比较级的总结剑7中比较级考点共计4小题1 F ，2 NG ，1 T剑4.5.6比较级考点共计20小题，6 T ，10 NG ，4 F总结： NGF1.3 是非判断题中同级比较的总结剑4.5.6共计 the same as 题4道2 T ，1 NG ，1 F剑7共计2题同级比较，1 T ，1 F总结：剑4.5.6.7 阅读真题中同级比较考点无规律可循1.4 剑桥 IELTS 阅读文章中是非判断题解决方法1、是非判断题的出题顺序与其在原文中定位句的顺序是一致的，所以做此类题时必须有方向感，即 Q 1题在文中定位要在 Q 2前边， Q 2题在原文中定位句要在 Q 3原文定位处前边例如：剑5， P 23， T 1 P 2 Q 26 题目中独特定位词为 sociobiology ，在 para . F 和 para . I 中都出现了，第一次出现是在 Q 25题原文定位处的前面，第二次出现在 Q 25题原文定位处的后面，因为 Q 25与 Q 26两题具有顺序性，所以 Q 26题的答案应在原文 Q 25题原文定位处的后面的 para . I 中定位，而不是在 Q 25题原文定位处的前面的para . F 找答案。
高二英语暑期自主学习讲义（二）阅读训练学案编稿：屈志斌STEP1 LEAD-INPresent the basic requirements in reading comprehension1 掌握文章的主旨大意2 找出文章中的事实细节题3 猜测词义4 找出作者的观点，意图及写作意图5 根据文章信息作出简单的判断和推理STEP 2 PRESNTATIONMake presentation through exercises一阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
(A)NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly wipe out, the effect of painful memories.In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are wiped out. They are not sure to what degree people‟s memories are affected.The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories."Some memories can ruin people's lives. They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions," said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."But those who are against the research say that maybe the pills can change people‟s memories and changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past."All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were terrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.1. The passage is mainly about _______.A. a new medical inventionB. a new research on the pillC. a way of wiping out painful memoriesD. an argument about the research on the pill2. The drug tested on people can _______.A. cause the brain to fix memoriesB. stop people remembering bad experiencesC. prevent body producing certain chemicalsD. wipe out the emotional effects of memories3. We can infer from the passage that _______.A. people doubt the effects of the pillsB. the pill will certainly stop people's emotional memoriesC. taking the pill will do harm to people's physical healthD. the pill has already been produced and used by the public in America4. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with in the last paragraph?A. Some memories can ruin people's lives.B. People want to get rid of bad memories.C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.D. The pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories.(B)“Business is war.” The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way: winning the competition, getting market share, beating up suppliers, locking up customers. There are the victors and the losers.But today in doing business, you have to listen to shareholders, work with suppliers, keep good relations-even with competitors. That doesn‟t sound like war. Besides, there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed. Business is competition and cooperation as well. In other words, business is war and peace.To bring together competition and cooperation, we turn to game theory. Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do. It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation from other decisions.Game theory breaks down the game into key elements :players, added values, rules, tactics （计谋）, and scope (PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game. This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into an entirely new one. Change one of the PARTS, and you change the whole.Why change the game? An old Chinese saying explains: If you continue on the course you‟re heading, that‟s where you‟ll end up. Sometimes that‟s good, sometimes not. You can play the game very well, and still suffer great loss. That‟s because you‟re playing the wrong game: you need to change it. Even a good game can be made into a better one. Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want, not taking the game you find.5．The author of this passage is _______ the idea that “Business is war.”A．in favor of B．against C．considering D．doubtful of 6．“PARTS” stands for _______.A．players, added values, rules, tactics and scopeB．all of the elements in the game theoryC．the parties in a gameD．the parts that affect the result of the game7．The correct understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph is _______.A．you are really good at playing the game, but you still lose it outB．you are so competitive that you beat up all of your competitors terriblyC．you play the game too well to suffer great lossD．the competition is so hard that you have to put all your heart into it8．The author thinks that _______.A．we shall play very hardB．we shall continue in the course we are headingC．we shall play in the right directionD．we shall always change no matter the change is good or not9. Why does the writer mention game theory?A. To inform the readers of the key elements.B. To explain how competition and cooperation co-exist in business.C. To prove business is war.D. To introduce the Chinese old saying.(C)Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy ,warm ,damp and thick .But if you had been around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age ,would it have been the same ?For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted（反应）to the cold ,dry climates of the ice ages ,but until now ,no one has reached a satisfying answer.Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tones of CO2 each year; equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change? If it gets drier ,will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2 ?Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.Unfortunately ,getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult .To study past climate ,scientists need to look at fossilized pollen, kept in lake muds .Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments （沉淀物）,which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery .There are very few roads and paths ,or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest ,but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled（未取样）.So far ,only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change. 10．The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means .A．cleaning up B．taking in C．wiping out D．giving out11．How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change?A．It‟ll get drier and continue to remove CO2 .B．It‟ll remain steamy, warm, damp and thick .C．It‟ll get warmer and then colder and drier.D．There is no exact answer up to present.12．What‟s the main idea of the last paragraph?A．It‟s important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information.B．It‟s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.C．It‟s hard to collect information for studies of the past clim ate in the Amazon rainforest.D．It‟s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate. 13．The best title for this passage may probably be .A．Studies of the Amazon B．Climates of the AmazonC．Secrets of the Rainforests D．Changes of the Rainforests二完形填空：阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
阅读 20 课时课程框架1- 2英语基本概念+从句判断3- 4配对题----heading题5- 6配对题----which paragraph题+sentence ending 题7-8 配对题 ----detail matching 题+classify 题9-10 判断题 111-12 判断题 213-14 摘要题 +填空题15-16 选择题17-18 简答题19-20 平行阅读法英语基本概念(一 ) 十大词性：八大句子成分：(二 )句子核心：句子主干举例：长得乖巧的常被邻居夸奖但今天却被妈妈骂了的小明不开心地看似有点想不开的步履蹒跚地走过了这条五年前由他爸爸主持修建的桥。
主干：句子能称为句子，一定是有动词的。
造句练习：1.他造了一座桥。
2.他和我在一起。
1.2.五大基本句型 3.4.5.区分下列句式：(1)Xiaoming finds food bitter.(2)Xiaoming finds food bitterly.(3)Xiaoming finds his little sister some bitter food.造句并说明句型1.汽车使交通变得方便。
2.我给你找了个房子。
3.人们认为猴子很奇怪。
(三 )长难句：1.加入复杂修饰成分：形容词，介词短语等2.加入复杂结构：插入语等3.合并多个句子：并列句& 主从句(四 ) 从句概念：八大句子成分中，除谓语动词和补语外，当一个句子充当某成分时，该从句就叫做某某从句。
如一个句子做主语，则该从句叫主语从句。
1. ________ 从句 +动词2. 实义动词 +________ 从句主干性从句(五 ) 六大从句判断标准 3. 系动词 +________ 从句4. 具体名词 +________ 从句5. 抽象名词 +________ 从句修饰性从句6.______从句，去掉不影响句子完整度(六 ) 六大从句共同特点： 1.有连词（可省略）且置于从句句首2.连词在句中做成分，有意思（that 除外）3.从句用陈述语序（让步状语从句例外）验证：他住在哪里？我不知道他住在哪里。
雅思写作G类阅读理解讲义主讲：耿耿北京新东方学校欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材教材说明：本讲义跟老师讲课的顺序一样，学员只需根据老师的声音按顺序学习即可！快速阅读的方法Strategy Two :Skim Reading 跳跃性阅读Practice 1Skim the following two sentences and get the main idea of each sentence.1)Tea plants are grown on tea plantations, called gardens or estates,in areas that havea great amount of rainfall and rich loamy soil.2)We are now promoting a true national network,composed of traffic_free paths quiet county roads,on_road cycle lanes and protected crossings.Strstegy Three :Scan ReadingWhen you are scanning to locate some specific information, it is not necessary to read and understand every word in the passage. On the contrary,your eyes search across, up,down and around the passage. Think about how you look up a word in a dictionary.You scan the page to find the word you are looking for,you don't read the page. The most important thing about scanning is speed.We do it quickly.Practice 1Answer question 1-4 quickly as possible using the text e your watch to time yourself.Itshould take you 1minute.1.How much of the human body is water ?2.How much water does the average person use for bathing?3.How many people die per day form diseases related dirty water?4.How many litres of water does it take to make one pair of leather shoes?True\False\Not Given的基本概念True ：题目中的核心词与原文中的核心词相同、同意、同向以及题目是原文的归纳与总结。
This book is underpinned by a scientific methodology, integrating reading skills and vocabulary building, and unveilling the real tests.《雅思阅读真经5》超越了《真经234》中采用的三篇文章一套题的安排模式，所以它不仅是一本真题机经的预测，更重要的价值是它包含了一种培训体系和理念，引导读者在做题时暗合真经派的教学法。
所以我在封面写了这段英语。
【使用流程】我心中最理想的雅思考生是这样准备雅思阅读的：1.先拿《剑桥雅思4-9》随便一本，比如4，模考四套题。
现在我知道了雅思考试流程，内容，难度，自己现在和目标分数的差距，那种题型自己最讨厌。
自己的词汇和语法还差多少。
2.学习《雅思阅读真经总纲》中各个题型的解题技巧，同时按题型修炼《雅思阅读真经5》，并背记真经5中每篇文章后面的核心词和考点词。
（结合文章背单词是最有效的）3.现在我对雅思阅读各个题型的命题思路和技巧都没问题了，学习《雅思阅读真经总纲》中前两章。
了解真题各题型组合后不同的阅读顺序。
再用《剑桥雅思5-9》开始模考。
同时使用《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》，结合剑桥的文章复习单词，同时学习剑桥每道题的考点词设计。
4.考试。
5.庆祝高分，在@雅思教父刘洪波上晒出分数，我奖励《留学Super之路》一本，代价是一堆人会问你的心得，你要帮我给师弟师妹们在微博上答疑和分享学习经验，攒人品。
背后的科学理论是：要先练好内功和分解动作，再去和剑桥组合过招，进步感觉最快。
内功没有，单独的招数还不熟，就天天跟人家拼组合拳，我很佩服一些考生的抗击打能力。
在第2步中，考生积累了单词（内功），集训了题型（招数），了解了题库机经（对手）。
《真经5》的设计目的就是如此。
在做剑桥雅思真题之前，要了解它组合拳的路数。
有两种组合顺序，在《雅思阅读真经总纲》中我详细阐述过。
【雅思】IELTS 讲义时间： 2009年02月26日 14:20 作者：周斌来源：哈尔滨新东方学校阅读的题型：有8种或更多，1、标题对应：1ist of headings2、完形填空：Summary词数不超过55，每句话不超过35个，考4—8个空，每个空有选项或自行查找；3、真假判断：TRUE/FA1SE/NOT GIVEN要简单思维4、配对题：Matching人名和理论配对；论点和论据配对；概念与解释配对5、多项选择题：Mu1tip1e-choice只有一个答案是正确的，每个段落只有一个标题，一般限制在5个6、完成句子：Sentence comp1etion——变形的Matching一般都给选项，根据语法手段做简单7、流程图填空：F1ow charts确定范围，确定信息点在哪几个段落中概念指示词：i.e., that is, that is to say，它们前面是主概念，后面是分支概念8、图表填空题：tab1e 、diagram经典图表填空题，现在考得不多文章类型1、欧洲及世界的社会发展、经济状况、科学动向及文化交流方面的文章（国际化、非专业化）2、地球及自然界的科学现象和地理现象方面的文章，如地球灾难3、重大事件，重要人物，重大发明文章出处1、***The Economist, Financia1 Time, Guardian (easy but profound2、***Nationa1 Geography, Science, Nature, Popu1ar Science, New Scientist 如何准备1、单词：4000单词+词组 7000左右2、语法：高中语法3、其它：体力、耐力、视力、检索力一般性解题方法原则：（1）不要试图读懂文章（2）要随手记下有用的信息①每段主题句②对定位答案有特殊意义的词***注：专有名词：时间状语、数字、日期、地点、人名、温度、百分比、金钱符号、特殊印刷体（黑体、斜体、大写字母）、特殊标点符号（引号、冒号、画线、破折号）步骤：（1）扫瞄文章①文章标题，一般三种：正规标题、主标题+副标题、没有标题—一般段首句②文章的主题句和连接上下文的信号词顺承及递进：a1so, apart from, besides, more over, furthermore对比与转折：but, however, though, a1though, yet, on the other hand, neverthe1ess 因果关系：as, because, for, since, owing to, thanks to, 1ead to, which in turn, as a resu1t, resu1t in/from, therefore举例说明：that is to say, such as, in other words, for examp1e, for instance ③对定位答案有特殊意义的词④图表和示意图（2）分析题目①数题目②分析题目类型：结构类型：主题句细节类型：关键词③找出定位词：词与词之间的关系***注：定位词特殊性特殊词→表示概念的名词（主语、宾语）→表示状态的动词→形容词、副词避开：I, me, you, and, a, the, in, for, at, to（3）回原文定位答案：①结构主题句②细节：定位词所在句，有时还有其前后句③有时考虑同义、近义单词（4）检查答案：如果剩余5分种以下忽略此步①答题卡是否涂写正确②是否按题目要求答了，特别是是非判断题的要求第二节标题对应：1ist of headings文章结构类型的题目一、总在文章之前二、答题时可能用罗马数字：ⅰ, ⅱ, ⅲ, ⅳ, ⅴ, ⅵ, ⅶ, ⅷ, ⅸ, ⅹ等三、注意：选项个数>=段落个数，每个选项一般只能用一次四、做题顺序：先看主题句，再看选项比较级的关系一般每段步会超过3个数字，除非该段对应大量数字this is, that is, it is都是定义句型，专门下定义，出现在首末句则为主题句和选项依据例子不用看假设要看全段时，先扫一下看标点有时读主题句时要确定范围步骤：1．先用pencil 划区已经选过的heading 和段落2．Scan 剩下的headings, 划住至少一个key word3．特殊词=〉signal word4．同类项与反类项中至少有一个正确5．去掉过于肤浅的heading, 深刻概括的选项更有可能是正确的6．Scan 整篇，划出每段的Topic Sentence7．注意每段的首末句、定义句型、每段的高频词汇选项特征与文章的对应关系1．文章起始选项名词+of+文章主标题concept conception definition explanation notion core essence justification 动词+文章主标题defy justify形容词+of+文章主标题2. 文章结尾选项名词+of+文章主题effect impact consequence generalization conclusion3. 文章中间段落选项比较选项compare contrast similar match coincide…with contrary…to opposite…to ve rsus akin…to alien…to金钱符号wage income cost expense expenditure revenue统计数据data figure demography statistics census number比率rate ratio percentage proportion density分歧概念的定义及补充说明一定在中间段落注意：事物发展史或发明史或现象的套路：介绍=〉概念=〉发展史=〉原理=〉运用=〉缺陷=〉展望未来第三节完形填空：Summary一、题型：1、纯粹填空式summary ：原文3~4段的summary2、选项式summary ：结合首末段的全文summary定位词：名词>数字、时间>动词>形容词二、纯粹填空式summary3、定位summary 文章在原文中的位置：①根据题目要求②利用首末句定位2、分析每个空格的语法属性3、根据空格前后的信息回原文定位①Summary 中的以下成分不会改变，作为定位依据A 、句子主语，专有名词：时间状语、数字、日期、地点、人名、温度、百分比、金钱符号、特殊印刷体（黑体、斜体、大写字母）、特殊标点符号（引号、冒号、画线、破折号）B 、单个动词+（名词）：定位动词，一般不变，与其它联用C 、动词+介词+（名词）：定位介词，再定动词+介词结构D 、动词+介词+（名词）+定、状、补或同位语：定位定、状、补或同位语E 、（形容词）+名词：定位名词，找最近的形容词（可以是形容词、名词、分词、of+名词）F 、（名词）+动词+名词：定位与空格后的谓语一致的语法结构，宾语一般不变4、注意事项：（1）题内严格按文章顺序排列（2）一般是3-4段的summary（3）答案全部来自原文，不需要自己总结名词有可能有单复数的变化动词有可能有时态、语态的变化三、选项式summary①句子短小，只有2、3个句子②只有2-3个空格③句式简单，没有复杂句（3）阅读summary 文章，掌握大意，重点关注时间状语（2）分析每个空格的语法属性（3）分析每个选项词的词性（4）根据语法先行判断（5）回原文定位，重点阅读文章首尾部分***答案未必出现在原文中第四节真假判断：TRUE/FA1SE/NOT GIVEN一、基本情况1、大多数题目都是语言理解题，而非逻辑判断题2、在真实考试中不涉及任何修辞3、在真实考试中不涉及文化差异4、在真实考试中题目排列大致按原文顺序排列5、不涉及复杂的时态变换，只考同时态的动作、状态或数字精确6、如果题目中有时间、数字、百分比、温度、密度都只考数字的精确程度，不涉及范围大小的比较7、不涉及情态动词的比较：如may, must8、在真实考试中只涉及三个考点词：on1y, a11, must 。
