2019-2020学年上海高三英语二模汇编--十一选十高频词汇

2020届高三英语二模汇编——十一选十1、2020黄浦二模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.There are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and ___31___ practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee.Before ___32___ completely from the office, check with your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your company’s internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure you’ve tested it and that it ___33___ from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) ___34___ plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance.The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files.The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless quality a remote employee needs to succeed. Do ___36___ your manager or boss frequently. Make sure group chat service and tools are installed and you know how to use them, and make your ___37___ known to your colleagues when you are available and working.Set ___38___ if you’re working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid ___39___ unless it’s important.Find time to go for short walks to help inspire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being ___40___, but it’s important to make activity a habit.【答案】31-40 CFGAD KIBHE【难度】中等2、2020普陀二模A. advancedB. automaticallyC. bayD. boostE. containedF. exposedG. interacted H. randomly I. reaction J. sprayed K. spreadChange Behavior to Prevent InfectionDuring flu season, frequent hand-washing is a must, as is avoiding co-workers or friends who are sick. But we humans are not the only animals that change behavior to keep diseases at ___31___, and so do ants.Nathalie of the University of Lausanne and her colleagues observed ants to see their ___32___ to the presence of a pathogen（病原体）. “With the nurses staying inside and taking care of the young, the worker ants are all outside of the nest to collect food and defend the territory.” Worker ants are at greater risk of getting ___33___ to diseases because they leave the safety of the nest. So the researchers ___34___ a common fungus (真菌) on a small group of worker ants and then followed their movements to see the way other ants reacted. “We marked all ants in the colony with individual labels, which is ___35___ detected and recorded using a tracking system.”After the infection, the nurse and worker ants stayed within their small group and ___36___ less outside of their work group. The researchers also saw that worker ants spent more time outside of the nest. “They increase that amount by 15 percent so by quite a long large amount.” The researchers measured the amount of fungus on each ant and saw that it was almost completely ___37___ to the worker group. Some nurse ants and the Queen only had trace amounts of fungus’ spores (孢子) on them. The study indicated that the group behavior effectively stopped the ___38___ of the fungus. Something that’s quite interesting in these ants is that the very small amount of the spores can ___39___ their natural defenses and protect them against later exposure to the same pathogen.It seems that in their ability to avoid infecting other members of the community, ants may be more ___40___ than we are.【答案】31-40 CIFJB GEKDA【难度】中等Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009. A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks 36interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially37activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simpl e instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39their own kind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves (后代) create a strong enough 40for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphins every now and then.【答案】31-40 FGCHK BDEJA【难度】中等偏难4、2020杨浦二模Hunting to Farming Is Not Necessarily GoodShifting from hunting to farming made life 50 percent more difficult for humans, a study by Cambridge University suggests. Although farming (31) ________ previously wandering communities to stay put and grow, it came at a huge cost. Researcher Dr. Mark Dyble, lived with 10 Agta groups and found that those who still hunted and searched for their food spent around 20 hours working in the week to live, but those who had (32) ________ to farming needed to work 30 hours for the same amount of food.“For a long time, the shift from hunting to farming was assumed to represent progress, allowing people to (33) ________ a laborious and uncertain way of life,” said Dr. Dyble. “But as soon as researchers started working with hunter-gatherers they began (34) ________ this narrative, finding that hunters actually enjoy quite a lot of leisure time. Our data provides some of the clearest (35) ________ for this idea yet.” The researchers followed 359 people from the Agta community (36) ________ how much time they spent on leisure, childcare, domestic chores and out-of-camp work. As well as the overall difference in hours worked, the study also found that women living in the communities most involved in farming had half as much leisure time as those in communities which only hunted. Co-author, Dr. Abigail Page added: “We have to be really careful when (37) ________ from contemporary hunter-gatherers to different societies in pre-history.” But if the first farmers really did work harder than hunters then this begs an important question - why did humans adopt agriculture?Previous studies suggested the adoption of farming grew up to help cope with (38) ________ societies, although other experts claimed that it was agriculture itself that allowed sedentary(定栖的) communities to expand, and once they (39) ________ a certain size, it would have been impossible for groups to return to a hunter-gathering lifestyle, even if they had wanted to. Dr. Page says: “The amount of leisure time that Agta enjoy is evidence to the (40) ________ of the hunter-gatherer way of life. This leisure time also helps to explain how these communities manage to share so many skills and so much knowledge within lifetimes and across generations.”【答案】31-40 J G D F A I K C E B【难度】He was once the world’s fattest man weighing in at an incredible 980 pounds and consuming 20,000 calories (卡路里) a day. But it seems that after losing 672 pounds following a surgery, it’s not just Paul Mason’s health that has a more promising 31 —his weight loss may have also promoted his love life.Mr. Mason has only known his new girlfriend Rebecca for a month and the pair are yet to meet, but already the 52-year old has 32 that Rebecca is the love of his life. The pair met online last month when Rebecca saw a television 33 about Mr. Mason’s extreme fatness—the result of overeating when a previous relationship ended. She was so touched by his situation as to get in touch, keen to help Mr. Mason get the NHS (National Health Service) to pay for a second operation to 34 him of layers of extra skin.Mr. Mason said: “She didn’t really think of anything 35 at the beginning. It wasn’t until the second conversation that I realised there was more there than just friends. She felt the same and brought up the idea of us being boyfriend and girlfriend.”Mr. Mason says that he doesn’t go for looks and finds Rebecca’s 36 attitude particularly attractive. “It is her personality, her 37 and passion that has made me fall for her. We share the same ideas and interestsand she has made me look at life in a new way. For a long time I couldn’t really see light at the end of the tunnel, but since Rebecca’s been in my life I’ve got a whole new 38 of worth and excitement.”Mr. Mason 39 to his incredible size by eating ten times the amount needed by a normal man due to a compulsive eating disorder. As his weight rose sharply he was left unable to stand or walk before finally becoming bed-ridden and being looked after full time by carers.Firefighters had to knock down the front wall of his 40 home so they could use a fork lift truck to lift him out and put him into an ambulance when he needed an operation in 2002.【答案】31-40 FDAEJ IKCGH【难度】中等Your shoes are changing your feet. The ankles of people who ___31___ wear shoes are different to those of people who tend to walk barefoot. In many industrial societies, people tend to wear shoes from a young age. However, many people around the world often go barefoot, or wear only very thin footwear.“We know that there are some ___32___ in the feet of modern humans, due to the use of shoes,” says Rita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy. But most ___33___ findings relate to the front and middle of the foot. She and her team have focused on the ankle instead. They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 ___34___ from North America, Africa and Europe. These ___35___ sandal-wearing(穿凉鞋的) Nguni farmers in southern Africa, people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter-gatherers.The hunter-gatherers’ ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities, and there were other differences in the shape. “They are mostly related to footwear-related behaviours and movement behaviours,” says Sorrentino. The hunter-gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land. Their ankles were relatively ___36___. In contrast, people who live in big cities, who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads, had more unbending ankles.Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person’s life, and there is no evidence that these alterations can be passed on ___37___.According to Sorrentino, ___38___ evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10,000 years. For instance, a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300years old. Early shoes were all fairly soft, so wouldn’t have ___39___ the motion of the ankle much.It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages, but Sorrentino ___40___ that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking.【答案】31-35 CKFED36-40 ABIGJ【难度】中等Previously, some MoD files about UFOs had been published online at the U.K. National Archives (国家档案馆) website, The Telegraph reported. However, all of the agency’s UFO reports will be ___32___ this year on “a dedicated web page,” a spokesperson for the British Royal Air Force (RAF) told The Telegraph.The decision came after PA Media, a British news agency, filed a request for the UFO files under a/an ___33___ on information, according to The Telegraph. MoD officials decided “it would be better to publish these records, rather than continue ___34___ documents to the National Archives,” the RAF spokesperson said.The U.K.’s ___35___ with UFOs began around 1950, urging the MoD to form the Flying Saucer Working Party to ___36___ the phenomenon, according to the U.K. National Archives. UFOs in the early 1950s even captured the attention of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who sent a memo to his air minister in 1952 ___37___, “What does all this stuff about flying saucers amount to? What can it mean? What is the truth?”The flying saucer group concluded that UFOs were delusions (错觉) or ___38___ objects, recommending “that no further investigation of reported mysterious phenomena in the air be ___39___.” Nevertheless, other MoD divisions continued the work of official UFO investigation in the U.K.After MoD enacted a policy change on Dec.1st, 2009, the agency no longer recorded or investigated any UFO ___40___, according to the report. But what they did find—including many recent UFO reports that were previously available only as hard copies—will be published online within the next few months, said Nick Pope, a former UFO investigator for the MoD.【答案】31-40 FAECG DIKJH【难度】中等偏难screen. However, the music kept 31 , so all as well －or so I thought.Thirty minutes later, I could see only one-tenth of my screen while the rest was pitch-black. The next morning, I decided not to go to the phone store for 24 hours, I felt a(n) 32 sense of calm that day, which led to my not going for one week. One week ended up becoming 60 days without my smartphone.Here are three 33 I noticed and why you may want to consider a smartphone detox (戒除期) yourself:●You'll become boredWhile in line at a Starbucks, I noticed how every individual had their head down, eyes fixed on their smartphone. With nothing to distract myself with during the waiting period, I became bored, and my mind 34 through all sorts of topics.Boredom is 35 something we avoid at all costs. However, boredom is the perfect way to make a(n) 36 on a business idea or project. When you enter a state of boredom, you allow your mind to relax and escape from the realities of today to the infinite 37 of tomorrow.●You'll be able to dramatically reduce your "work" hoursA study found that adults ages 18 to 33 38 their smartphones 85 times a day, or once every 10 minutes.As I learned during my experiment, placing some distance between myself and my device helped me fall into deep work more easily.By not having my smartphone, my distraction time went down and thus my hours of work were spent more efficiently and effectively. On numerous occasions, I found myself 39 what to do with the afternoon since I had already completed my high-impact tasks for the day.●Your mental well-being will receive a boost (提高)Obviously, without a cellphone, I experienced a lack of 40 news and comments. While that helped cause a dramatic boost in my mental well-being, the biggest reason for it was truly connecting to people.【答案】31-40 FHCAJ DKGBI【难度】中等9、2020奉贤二模A. essentiallyB. roundC. stuckD. spiritsE. encouragingF. desperatelyG. strengths H. frustrating I. spilling J. collective K. sealedIt started with the national anthem. Then came the piano chords, trumpet blasts, violin serenades (小夜曲) and even the clanging of pots and pans--all of it (31) ______ from people’s homes, out of windows and from balconies, and resounding across rooftops.Finally, on Saturday afternoon, a nationwide (32) ______ of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europe’s worst coronavirus outbreak.Italians remain (33) ______ under house arrest as the nation, the European front in the global fight against the coronavirus, has ordered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infection.But the music and noise erupting over the streets, from people (34) ______ in their homes, reflects the spirit, resilience and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World War.To the extent that this is a virus that tries people’s souls, it has also demonstrated the (35) ______ of those national characters.In China, patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring (36) ______ needed food to the people of Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak. In Iran, videos show doctors in full combat dress and masks dancing to keep (37) ______ up. And in Italy, the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the country’s empty streets, while social media feeds fill with (38) ______, sentimental and humorous web videos.Images of nurses collapsed from exhaustion or their faces bruised(使受瘀伤) from tightly (39) ______ masks have also spread across the web in recent days. Parents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title “It will all be OK.”“We’re Italians, and loving singing is part of our culture,” said Giorgio Albertini, 51, an archaeology professor who clapped from his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan, calling it a way “to feel a community, and to have the (40) ______ grief.”【答案】31-40IBACG FDEKJ【难度】中等10、2020闵行二模A. labelB. bearsC. burdenedD. illustratesE. implementF. guaranteedG. presentedH. hitI. entry J. nationalized K. groundThe “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the first postage stamp issued anywhere, ___31___ the image of Queen Victoria, but thefirst British postal service did not originate in Victorian England. In 1680, WilliamDockwra started a public service that ___32___ the quick delivery of a letter anywhere inLondon. His system was quickly ___33___ with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfectsystem, ___34___ with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensiveto send a letter. Worse still, recipients were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this___35___ some problems — either people weren’t home or flat-out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far too long.About 50 years later, to do better, Rowland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacingthem with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by the sender.When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it quickly gained ___36___ among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and, during their subsequent meeting, the two men conceived of a gluey ___37___ that could be applied to envelopes to indicate payment. Though it had gained support with the public who longed for an affordable way to connect with distant friends and family, officials still weren’t convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform. He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to ___38___ his system.In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the necessary postal facility. The winning stamp ___39___ describing the young Queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate her first visit to London.The “Penny Black” stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate ___40___.Suddenly, the country seemed a lot smaller. The Penny Black’s design was so well received that it remained in use for forty years. 【答案】31-40. BFJCG KAEIH【难度】中等偏难Curiosity and Globalization are Driving a New Approach to Travel Today’s political climate and negative headlines seem to point towards a more inward-looking global population—minds narrowing, borders going up. But with more people living and working overseas and becoming exposed to influences from different cultures, many of us are seeking a(n) ___31___, connected world.According to the recently published study from Culture Trip, 60% of people in the US and UK say that their outlook on life is shaped by the ___32___ from different cultures. As a society, we not only want to discover and experience other cultures, we want to learn from them, too. This is one of the many positive side effects of globalization. At the same time, the economic landscape of the last decade has resulted in a shift in values away from ___33___, with younger generations more interested in collecting experiences than possessions.Welcome to the “new culture economy”.The collision (碰碰) of two trends—globalization and the experience economy—has ___34___ a new attitude to travel, with cultural curiosity at its heart. This is the “new culture economy”. The phenomenon is having a powerful impact on people’s interactions and definitions of ___35___ exploration, and presents an incredible commercial opportunity.While globalization is usually talked about in the context of the ___36___ of trade and capital between countries, we shouldn’t forget that the ___37___ force behind it all is people. Education, travel, exposure to other customs and geographies and the cultural integration (碰碰) are the more influential social effects of globalization. People are increasingly living or working in countries other than the ones in which they were born—more than half of respondents from the study have friends living overseas, all of which has ___38___ in more interaction with global cultures.Also, student debt and unaffordable housing have created a(n)___39___ in spending patterns, and so a new set of values has emerged in which experiences matter more than ownership. Travel is absolutely necessary to most people’s lives—in fact, nearly half of all respondents cut down on their daily expenses so they can save money to travel more. For “generation rent” in particular, no matter how expensive an experience or a trip, it is still more ___40___ than a house.【答案】31-40 FDEHB ICGJA【难度】中等China’s new e-commerce law, which was passed last August, took effect on January 1. The law comes amid the rapid development of China into the world’s largest e-commerce market.The law aims to regulate the market and create a sound (31) _________ environment. It covers the requirement for registration and licensing of e-commerce operators, taxation, electronic payment, etc. It also (32) _________ other important aspects of e-commerce, including false advertising, consumer protection, data protection, intellectual property and cybersecurity.The new law will apply to three types of operators. These include e-commerce (33) _________ operators like Taobao, third-party merchants who sell goods and services on e-commerce platforms, and online vendors (供应商) who do business via other network (34) _________, such as social media sites. It means that merchants who sell goods through non-traditional e-commerce platforms, such as WeChat, will fall under the new law. These sellers will now need to finish their business registration and pay (35) _________ taxes.The law will make all e-commerce platform operators (36) _________ responsible with the merchants for selling any fake or knock-off goods on their websites. Before the law took effect, individual merchants were solely responsible when caught selling liable (负有偿付责任的) goods.The implementation of the law may bring (37) ________ on online retail (零售) companies and merchants selling goods through social media sites. Many private shopping agents (known as daigou) are considering whether to continue the service under the new policy since it will increase the management cost and lead to a rise in the product price.But the new law does not aim to (38) _________ small to medium sized online retailer. Instead, it helps lay the legal foundation for the growth of the e-commerce business industry, (39) _________ order in the market and further promotes its growth.Besides, the law will help clean up China’s reputation as a (40) _________ source of fake or knock-off goods. In the long term, consumers will benefit from it.【答案】31-40KGJEB DCAFI【难度】中等At the Oscars, Parasite Makes Best Picture HistoryAt Sunday’s Oscars, on a night when almost everything went as planned and as usual, the one true surprise came in the biggest moment of all.For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He __31__ three warm and generous speeches, including one when he won for his directing and thanked fellow nominees (被提名的人) Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of his career, __32__.And, while he gave most of his speeches in Korean with interpreter Sharon Choi, when he won the first one, he stopped and noted in English: “This is very first Oscar to South Korea.” The affection in the room for the filmwas __33__ every time it was mentioned, as well as in its great competition of award.The evening began three and a half hours earlier with a(n) __34__ of the old and the new: the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be the __35__ Oscars opening, but in the absence of a traditional host, it was performed by the thoroughly modern Janelle Monáe. A version of her own song Come Alive was __36__ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. The speech that followed, however, was much more __37__ and unpleasant, despite the best efforts of Chris Rock and Steve Martin, the latter of whom __38__ blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo.The awards in general have been heavily criticized for how white the nominees are, the failure to nominate any women directors in a year when several made highly regarded films, and plenty of other lack of inclusivity. The Academy’s __39__ with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers. Several presenters made mention of the __40__ at issue, which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.【答案】31-40 G F K A H J C B D I【难度】中等No one can be happy and cheerful forever. So it’s important they see a mental-health __31__ who can provide effective options for treatment when someone has clinical depression known as the state of feeling very sad, anxious and without hope. But there’s also a condition known as subthreshold depression in which someone __32__ some symptoms of depressive disorder, but not enough for a clinical diagnosis.It’s estimated that between 10% and 24% of the population has this kind of mild depression at some point in their lives. And for those people, a new study suggests that practicing thinking __33__ in silence may help improve their mood and reduce their risk of developing depression. The study, published in the Annals of Family Medicine, __34__ yet another reason why deep thinking may be good for both physical and mental health.The study included 231 Chinese adults with subthreshold depression, meaning their __35__ between five and nine out of a total of 27 points on a standard depression __36__. Half received mindfulness training two hours a week for eight weeks, while the other half continued to receive their usual medical care.During the mindfulness training, participants were instructed on setting short- and long-term goals; __37__ their activity and mood; planning out their activities; and body scanning. They were asked to practice them at home at least six days a week.These techniques combine traditional deep thinking with __38__ activation, a type of therapy that uses an “outside in” approach to help people change the way they act and aims to increase rewarding experiences in their lives. It has been shown to be effective for moderate to severe depression in other studies, and the researchers wanted to know if it would work as a __39__ measure as well.At the end of those eight weeks, the group that received mindfulness training reported a significant decrease in depression and __40__ symptoms compared to the group that did not. And no participants had developed clinical depression.【答案】31-40 DHKAF BJCIE【难度】中等。

1.2024届上海市宝山区高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼) F.costly A.processG.crucial B.impacting H.highly C.appearance I.legal D.linked J.pause E.assessmentK.marketed Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades.Traditional tobacco products,such as cigarettes,have been 31to a wide range of health problems,including cancer,heart disease,respiratory (呼吸的)disorders and others.According to a survey,78.3percent of smokers start smoking before age 20.Taiwan Province of China has raised the 32smoking age to 20or above.By instituting this change,they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.Despite being 33as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes,heated tobacco products (HTPs)are stillconsidered tobacco.As such,they pose significant dangers to human health.The heating 34used in these products35addictive releases harmful chemicals and poisons,including tar (焦油),carbon monoxide and nicotine,a(n)substance.HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking.To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and36their health,Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk 37review mechanism.Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured,imported and sold to consumers.The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers 38and encourage them to quit.Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases,including cancer,heart disease,and breathing problems.Quitting smoking can also improve your 39.Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth.Quitting can lead tohealthier skin,whiter teeth and fresher breath.Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell.By stopping tobaccouse,your senses recover,leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.Unfortunately,quitting tobacco isn't easy.Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness,irritability (易怒)and difficulty concentrating.Supportive social for overcoming these things and living a smoke-freeenvironments,coping strategies and professional help are40 life.答案：31.D 32.I 33.K 34.A 35.H 36.B 37.E 38.J 39.C 40.G上海市2024年高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼)A.activateB.amountedparedD.energeticE.guidelinesF.identif yG.image H.influenced I.respects J.review K.substantialExercise Can Help Prevent Depression,Study FindsHow often do you exercise?A new31from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression,even if they exercise less than the recommended amount.The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in2.5to5hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and15minutes to2.5hours of32aerobic(有氧的)exercise per week or some combination of the two.Adults who took a walk for what33to2.5hours per week were less likely to develop depression than those who didn’t exercise at all,the study found.But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all,according to researchers.“In this study,a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n)34 decrease in risks of depression,”the study says.The researchers analyzed15studies with nearly200,000participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an18%lower risk of depression 35with adults who did not exercise,the study says.Participants who exercised the recommended amount had a 25%lower risk of depression than those who did not.Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly36 depression risk,according to researchers.Many37of exercise can lead to improved mental health.For example,working out can increase circulation (血液循环)to the brain and38the central nervous system,leading to what many refer to as a“runners high,”the study says.More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body39,which can cause a person to be more social,researchers say.Nearly5%of adults in the U.S.report regular feelings of depression,according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Among the study participants,researchers estimate that1in every9cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise40,the study says.答案：31.J32.D33.B34.K35.C36.H37.I38.A39.G40.EA.floode dB.leapsC.increasinglybinesE.reflectsF.emphasizingG.pioneering H.crafted I.technical J.unexpectedly K.classicChinese animations(动画)are boomingThe“Black Cat Detective”,released40years ago,was a childhood favorite for many Chinese.Since then,Chinese cartoons have come a long way.While“Black Cat Detective”was simply drawn,current cartoons feature_____31_____ advances and fascinating plots.One example is“Boonie Bears:Time Twist”,a family-friendly adventure released in February,with smooth animation reminding us of Pixar,a_____32_____animation studio now owned by Disney.These recent_____33_____in quality have enabled Chinese cartoons to succeed at the domestic box office.“Ne Zha:Birth of the Demon Child”was the most well-received film in China in2019,_____34_____beating out“Avengers: Endgame”,a superhero movie by Marvel Studios.In the1960s,China’s animation industry saw a big downturn as American and Japanese films_____35_____into the Chinese market,dominating both domestic television and cinema screens.As a result,Chinese animators _____36_____began to work for western studios.However,things changed in2015with the release of“Monkey King: Hero is Back”,a breakthrough for Chinese animation.This film,based on the timeless_____37_____“Journey to the West”,signaled a new era of creativity and success in the industry.The main character,the Monkey King,is depicted(刻画)as going through a mid-life crisis,which_____38_____the director’s view that cartoons are not just for children.Light Chaser Animation,a Beijing-based studio,has contributed to the popularity of cartoons in China.Its production“30,000Miles from Chang’an”_____39_____elements of Chinese culture,history,and legends with aesthetic(美学的)feeling of Tang dynasty poetry.Indeed,traditional themes are widespread among successful Chinese animations,_____40_____the importance of traditional culture as a foundation for Chinese animation.Like other industries,cartoons in China are inspired by Western innovations but with added“Chinese characteristics”.答案：31-35IGBJA36-40CKEDFScience in Image sOyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world,but they should be offthe menu for hungry worms --which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat.Nowresearchers finally know how they do it.A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use aparticular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫).The mushrooms,which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood,then 31the worms for nutrition.“Nematodes happen to be the most32animals these mushrooms encounter.So I think,33,this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,”says study senior author.The study team of geneticists,biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow34the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells,killing them.This35differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.For their new work,the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue,finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up.They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of36compound that disappears into air when disturbed.When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and 37analyzed the nearby air,they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny,special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface.When nematodes touch the mushrooms,these structures 38their gas,disturbing the worms’cell walls to cause immobility and death.The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.Before this study,“we underestimated the 39to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,”notes Nick Talbot,a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich,England.The study demonstrates “a very 40approach,”he adds.“These organisms are really difficult to work on,and Dr.Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”答案：31.B 32.C 33.E 34.G 35.H 36.K 37.J 38.D 39.F 40.IA.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyF.extentG.freeze H.mechanism I.novel J.subsequently K.unstable Oyster mushroomOpenAI Unveils A.I.that Instantly Generates Eye-Popping VideosLast April,a New York start-up called Runway AI revealed technology that let people generate videos.The four-second videos were shadowy and disturbing.But they were a clear sign that artificial intelligence technologies would generate increasingly__31__videos sooner.Just10months later,OpenAI has revealed a similar system,Sora, that creates videos that look as if they were lifted from a Hollywood movie.OpenAI is among the many companies__32__to improve this kind of instant video generator.The technology could__33__the work of experienced moviemakers.It could also become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online__34__,making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet.In an interview,the team behind the technology said the company was not yet releasing Sora to the public because it was still working to understand the system’s__35__.The intention here is to give a(n)__36__of what is likely to happen soon,so that people can see the capabilities of this technology.Like other generative A.I.technologies,OpenAI’s system learns by analyzing digital data—in this case,videos and subtitles describing what those videos contain.OpenAI declined to say how many videos the system learned from or where they came from,except to say the training included both__37__available videos and videos that were licensed from copyright holders.The company says little about the data used to train its technologies,most likely because it wants to__38__an advantage over competitors.Sora generates videos in__39__to short descriptions.Though the videos can be impressive,they may include strange and__40__images.The system,for example,recently generated a video of someone eating a cookie—but the cookie never got any smaller.答案：31-40AHJBC FGEIDThe Curious World of BatsNot all bats are unbelievably adorable,like the one below.Many of them have___31___faces and large ears that help them“see”in the dark,using echo location(回声定位).But all bats are,without adoubt,___32___creatures.Scientists are typically reluctant to___33___about bats because they make up sucha large and diverse group of winged animals.With nearly1,500species,bats___34___about one-fifth of all mammal(哺乳动物)species on Earth.But one thing that can be said about them as a group is that they are,in not-so-scientific terms,very odd.“They break all the___35___,”said Cori Lausen,a bat expert at the environmental group Wildlife Conservation Society Canada.Being able to fly is just one of their___36___,since mammals rarely fly.Apart from that,bats can also push their heart rate to extreme highs and lows—as slow as one beat per minute.Many bat species can go into a period of deep sleep,known as“torpor”,for a few hours a day or even for weeks to___37___energy when it’s cold or food is unavailable.And while most small mammals have short lives and lots of babies,some bats can live for two decades or more and typically have just one baby per year.For how much energy they need,it’s also surprising that many bat species,including most of those in the US,rely on insects alone for food.They have to eat ridiculous quantities of them.A mom that is___38___a baby can catch more than4,000insects in one night.Oddly,although bats can fly,they can’t easily take off from a(n)___39___position,like most birds and insects do. That’s one reason why they hang upside down—bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling.“For them,it’s not upside down,”Frick said.“It’s flight-side ready!”While bats remain highly understudied relative to birds and other mammals,scientists are___40___the alarm.In North America,more than half of all bat species are at risk of severe population decline.Climate change,they say, threatens to only speed up their extinction.答案：31-40BDIJK EAFCHWill AI allow humans to play a part?Rebecca used to have a regular job,translating a fashion brand’s website into German.One day a big change happened.The company(31)______to using machine translation.She kept the job,and it still paid the bills;however, she was now there to check and(32)______whatever was produced by the computer.But there was a complaint.“What it meant,(33)______,was that we humans were training a machine,”she says.Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt,each pair of skinny jeans,was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her.With the(34) ______of chat programs that can imitate humans,the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means.What will it do for our jobs if many once(35)______professions—law,accountancy,medicine—disappear?What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most(36)______—intelligence—has become the cheapest product on the planet?Translators,for good and ill,don’t have to wonder.“You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a(37)______of the world,”says Nicki Bone,chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting.Not all of them are adjusting.“Of course,we have our(38)______,”but she adds,“There are also opportunities,and optimists.”The speed of change,though,has been(39)______.Increasingly,says Bone,she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass,rather than translators of the raw material.For some,that’s fine.“People will say,‘OK,instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour,I’m working at many more words per hour,but for a much lower rate.’Some are happy to take on.Some won’t,as a matter of principle.”As we are(40)______at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing,translators are,compared with the rest of the professions,sensitive.Anyway,this technology is here to stay.答案：31~40KJAHI FGDCBA new way to reduce poachingResearchers are working on a pilot program backed by Russia’s Rosatom Corp to inject rhino horns（犀牛角）with radioactive material,a strategy that could discourage consumption and make it easier to detect illegal trade.Poachers（偷猎者）killed394rhinos in South Africa for their horns last year,government data shows,with public and private game__31__lacking the resources needed to monitor vast tracts of land and protect the animals that live there.While the toll was a third lower than in2019and the sixth__32__drop,illegal hunting remains the biggest threat to about20,000of the animals in the country—the world’s biggest population.Thousands of__33__sensors along international borders could be used to detect a small quantity of radioactive material__34__into the horns,according to James Larkin,a professor at the University of Witswatersrand in Johannesburg,who has a background in radiation protection and nuclear security.“A whole new__35__of people could be able to detect the illegal movement of rhino horn,”he said.Some alternate methods of discouraging poaching, including poisoning,dyeing and removing the horns,have raised a variety of opinions as to their virtue and efficacy.Known as The Rhisotope Project,the new anti-poaching__36__started earlier this month with the injection of an amino acid（氨基酸）into two rhinos’horns in order to detect whether the compound will move into the animals’bodies. Also,__37__studies using computer modeling and a replica rhino head will be done to determine a safe dose of radioactive material.Rhino horn is used in traditional medicine,as it is believed to cure disease such as cancer,__38__ as a show of wealth and given as gifts.“If we make it radioactive,these people will be hesitant to buy it,”Larkin said.“We’re pushing on the whole supply chain.”Besides Russia’s state-owned nuclear company,the University of Witwatersrand,scientists and private rhino owners are involved in the project.If the method is__39__feasible,it could also be used to curb illegal trade in elephant ivory.“Once we have developed the whole project and got to the point where we completed the proof of concept,then we will be making this whole idea__40__to whoever wants to use it,”Larkin said.答案：31-35DEKFA36-40IGCJBA.contrastB.instructe dC.concentratingD.potentialE.touchingF.playedG.better H.specialized I.spot J.follow K.tracing Unfamiliar Music May Help People Chat at PartiesIf you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party,make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.To explore how background music affects the way we 31conversations,researchers Jane Brown and Gavin Bidelman conducted a study analyzing the brain activity of 31individuals aged 21and 33.During the experiment,participants listened to 72minutes of an audiobook (有声读物),which the pair used as a replacement for32on someone talking,while background music was accompanied by the audiobook for most of the time.For half of the experiment,the participants were asked to focus on 2-minute parts of an unfamiliar audiobook read by a man.The rest of the time,they were told to focus on four background songs,which were similarly33for 2minutes at a time.This34in voices aimed to assess participants’ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.During the experiment,all the participants wore35caps to monitor the electrical activity taking place in their brains.This 36of electrical activity was the key.It allowed Brown and Bidelman to discover how efficiently theseindividuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music when37to do so.The finding revealed that the participants could 38turn their attention to the audiobook if the background music was unfamiliar to them.Following the task,the participants completed a music perception survey evaluating their musical skills,such as the capacity to 39whether a pair of similar-sounding tunes are the same.Notably,those with lower musical scoresdemonstrated slower attentional shifts between songs and audiobooks,suggesting a(n)40link between musical ability and attention management skills.答案：31.J 32.C 33.F 35.H36.K 37.B 38.G 39.I 34.A 40.D上海市浦东新10.2024届区A.backfirepensateC.exten 小猫钓鱼高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十()d D.impressive E.meaningfulF.measureG.needleH.overallI.perceiveJ.punishmentK.typicallyWhy You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose WeightMany of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting(or restarting)exercise regimens(练身计划)in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds.Unquestionably,aiming to be more active is good.But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well__31__.For starters,exercise—at least the kind most of us do—is__32__ineffective for weight loss.Take walking,for example.A150-pound person who walks briskly for30minutes will burn,on average,around140calories.That’s equal to one can of soda—not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort.It’s much easier just to skip the soda.Studies__33__show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for30minutes a day,five days a week—the amount recommended for good health—typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.When moderate exercise is added to diet,the results are equally not__34__.Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.In studies where exercise has produced__35__weight loss,participants burned at least400to500calories per session on five or more days a week.To achieve that,sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do.And even if we manage to exert that much effort,our bodies often__36__by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism,effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into__37__.How many times have you heard someone say(or said yourself)“I’ll need to do extra exercise”after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner?The point is that we’re more likely to__38__exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress.Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.Of course,the benefits of physical activity__39__well beyond these.It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases.It can also improve sleep and boost energy.By all means,striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health.But to improve the odds of success,focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally—and forget about how it moves the__40__on the scale.答案：31-35AKHDE36-40BJICGA.empowersB.termedC.interactio nD.implicationsE.advancesF.questionG.obtainedH.additionallyI.pressureJ.currentlyK.definingA New Era of Creative PartnershipsIn a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI,researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof.Jacob Sherson,director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence,together with international partners,discuss research and societal(31)______of creativity and AI.The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-creativity,the interaction between humans and machines towards what is(32)______a human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence. In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面)that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best(33)______each other.Rafner comments:To date,most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer(34) ______and focus on the abilities of the AI,and the interaction design and dynamics.While these(35)______are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法)and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product,there is an urgent need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity(36)______over the past decades in the psychological sciences.“Right now,we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative?One reason for this is that(37)______creativity is not set in stone.When investigating human only,machine only,and human-AI co-creativity,we need to consider the type and level of creativity under(38)______,from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention;(39)______,it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like,what are the similarities and differences in human cognition,behavior,motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能)between human-AI co-creativity and human creativity?”explains Rafner.We,(40)______,don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines,because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear.Looking ahead,researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding,towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.答案：31-35D B A C E36-40G K F H JA.accompaniedB.allowedC.feasiblyD.fueledE.intensityF.optionG.promptingH.routin eI.surgically J.underlying K.variedBrain Signals for Lasting PainBrain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity31patients’lasting pain.That has raised the hope that brain stimulation treatment already used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out of any other32.“We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,”said Prasad Shirvalkar,lead researcher on the project at the University of California.Lasting pain affects nearly28million adults in the UK alone,and the causes are33,ranging from cancer to back problems.That being the case,lasting pain has34a rise in taking powerful painkillers.But no medical treatments work well for the condition,35experts to call for a complete rethink in how health services handle patients with lasting pain.For the latest study,Shirvalkar and his colleagues36implanted electrodes(电极)into four patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs.The devices37the patients to record activity and collect data in two brain regions—the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a remote handset.Several times a day,the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the38of pain,meaning how strong the pain was,and then record their brain activity.These scientists,armed with the survey responses and brain recordings,found they could use computers to predict a person’s pain based on the electrical signals in their OFC.“We found very different brain activity 39severe pain and have developed an objective biomarker for that kind of pain,”said Shirvalkar.The finding may explain,at least in part,why40painkillers are less effective for lasting pain.“The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”答案：31-35JFKDG36-40IBEAHA.conservationB.relocat eC.momentarilyD.programE.criticalF.initiativeG.ensureH.permanentlyI.additionalJ.reserveK.unexpectedA team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga,grantee of The Explorers ClubDiscovery Expeditions and researcher at Khamai Foundation,discovered three newcryptozoic(living underground)snakes dwelling under graveyards(墓地)and churchesin remote towns in the Andes region of Ecuador.It was an exploration that led to the most(31)_______of places.First published in the journal,Zookeys,Arteaga and his team named the smallbrown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and(32)_______of remote cloud forests in the tropics.The Discovery Ground Snake(Atractus discovery)was found underground in a small graveyard.Two(33)_______ new species were found near an old church and inside a small school.Destruction of the snake's native forest habitat may have forced them to(34)_______to these people-less areas according to Arteaga's findings.Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants(35)_______,a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond.The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis, prevent the extinction of species and cultures,and(36)_______the health of the Earth and its inhabitants.Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (ZGAP),a(n)(37)_______seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment.Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin,grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin.Through conservation organization Re:wild,the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of(38)_______habitat throughout the world.“The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,”says Arteaga.“We have already started the process of establishing a nature(39)_______to protect the ground snakes.This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles,even if it meant (40)_______disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.”答案：31-35KAIBF36-40GDEJC。

2020届普陀区高考英语二模–重点词汇整理重点单词1.indication----n.指示；说明indicate-----v.指示，表明2.principle----n.原则，准则principal---n.校长；adj.主要的；首要的3.crises–n复数（crisis）危机critic—n.批评家；评论家criticism—n批评critical---adj主要的；评论的criticize---v.批评4.undoubtedly–adv.毫无疑问地there be no doubt that毫无疑问5.slight–adj.稍微，轻微的6.overtake—v赶超overall—adj.整体的，全部的overlook—v.忽略overcome—v.克服overflow—v.泛滥；溢出overcoat—n.外套overhead-adj.在头顶上，上面的，高架的overseas—adj.在外国的；在海外的7.all-inclusive–adj.包括全部的include–v.包括exclude—v.排除exclusive–adj.排除在外的8.advocate—v.支持，赞同注意advocate—n.支持者；提倡者advocate the academic debate支持学术争鸣9.restrict—v.限制restriction–n.限制12.transformation–n.转变transform---v.转变13.flourish–v.繁荣，活跃14.racial–adj.种族的race–n.种族15.integration–n.结合integrate---v.合并，使完整16.sensational–adj.耸人听闻的；极好的；绝妙的17.vanish–v.消失18.initially—adv.起初；最新19.preserve—v.保护20.split—v.分裂，分开21.distinction—n.区别，不同；卓越22.literally—adv.字面上23.fatal—adj.致命的24.magnificent–adj.宏伟的25.reassemble—v.再次组装，重新召集resemble—v.相似assemble–v.组装26.livelihood—n.生存重点词组1.volunteer to do主动，志愿做某事2.as a consequence因此（as a result）3.negative consequence消极影响4.original interests最初的兴趣5.on the side秘密地，兼职地6.to this day到目前为止to the date到目前为止so far到目前为止7.be credited with认为，称赞8.be credited to sth/sb归功于….9.verbal tests语言测试10.the development strategy发展策略11.boost GDP提升GDP12.smoggy skies灰蒙蒙的天气13.growing concern日益增长的担忧14.the residents in low and middle-income countries中下等收入的居民15.fail to do没能做某事16.air quality guidelines空气质量指南17.rapid industrialization快速的工业化18.representative longitudinal（纵向）survey典型的纵向调查19.the survey on sth关于….的调查20.in a given time在特定时内21.multiple times多次22.the outcome variables结果变量23.on account of由于24.with regard of关于25.in honor of为了纪念…26.From the outset从一开始27.by contraston the contrary相反。

2020上海高三英语二模汇编---十一选十Giving kids allowances in the smartphone ageAllowances are a constant. No matter how much technology interferes with the parent-child relationship, kids still want money and parents still want to impart (赋予) a basic work ethic. But putting stickers on chore (日常事务) charts and dropping coins in piggy banks don’t cut it with the smartphone generation.Parents in search of more 31 ways to teach children the value of money are turning to allowance-tracking apps, where kids can see their 32 rise and fall in real time.Bonnie Koon, a mother of three in Crawfordville, Fla., used to post a calendar on her refrigerator 33 her kids chores, to the embarrassment of her 16-year-old twins. After seeing a Facebook ad for the app Greenlight, she 34 it.Greenlight links to parents’ bank accounts so that the payout can be seamless. Parents can encourage saving by paying interest on the money that isn’t spent 35 — interest out of the parents’ own pockets, of course.It’s the first taste of 36 freedom for many kids, and it’s set in a relatively safe environment. Parents can determine spending limits and choose the retailers（零售商）where a child can make 37 . If a child attempts to buy something at an unapproved store or to spend more than the limit, the transaction (交易) is 38 and parents get a notification. And if a kid loses the card, parents can immediately cancel it from the app.One of Ms. Koon’s twins, Brenna, works part time at a restaurant. She’s putting half of her pay check into a car-insurance savings fund she set up in the app, with the goal of saving $450 by July. With each 39 , the app gives Brenna a progress update.Some parents might worry that relying on apps to get kids to do chores only encourages them to be on their phones more. But parents who have chosen this approach argue that they are meeting their kids where they are and that it takes the 40 nagging (唠叨) out of the equation. The real-time look at their accounts makes the concepts of saving and spending more tangible than reviewing a bank statement.31- 40: FBIEH GKCDA2.黄浦区How to work from home?There are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and ___31___ practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee.Before ___32___ completely from the office, check with your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your company’s internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure you’ve tested it and that it ___33___ from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) ___34___ plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance.The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files.The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless quality a remote employee needs to succeed. Do ___36___ your manager or boss frequently. Make sure group chat service and tools are installed and you know how to use them, and make your ___37___ known to your colleagues when you are available and working.Set ___38___ if you’re working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid ___39___ unless it’s important.Find time to go for short walks to help inspire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being ___40___, but it’s important to make activity a habit.31-35: CFGAD36-40: KIBHEAt the Oscars, Parasite Makes Best Picture HistoryAt Sunday’s Oscars, on a night when almost everything went as planned and as usual, the one true surprise came in the biggest moment of all.For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He __31__ three warm and generous speeches, including one when he won for his directing and thanked fellow nominees (被提名的人) Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of hiscareer, __32__.And, while he gave most of his speeches in Korean with interpreter Sharon Choi, when he won the first one, he stopped and noted in English: “This is very first Oscar to South Korea.” The affection in the room for the film was __33__ every time it was mentioned, as well as in its great competition of award.The evening began three and a half hours earlier with a(n) __34__ of the old and the new: the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be the __35__ Oscars opening, but in the absence of a traditional host, it was performed by the thoroughly modern Janelle Monáe. A version of her own song Come Alive was __36__ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. The speech that followed, however, was much more __37__ and unpleasant, despite the best efforts of Chris Rock and Steve Martin, the latter of whom __38__ blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo.The awards in general have been heavily criticized for how white the nominees are, the failure to nominate any women directors in a year when several made highly regarded films, and plenty of other lack of inclusivity. The Academy’s __39__ with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers. Several presenters made mention of the __40__ at issue, which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.31-40 G F K A H J C B D I4.松江区A. releasedB. eventuallyC. deliveringD.addressE. actF. formerlyG. fascinationH. sightingI. inquiringJ. undertakenK. misidentifiedFrom the early 1950s until 2009, a department in the United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defence (MoD) documented and investigated reports of UFOs. Now, more than a decade after the program ended, many of those ___31___ classified files about UFO will be made available to the public for the first time.Previously, some MoD files about UFOs had been published online at the U.K. National Archives(国家档案馆) website, The Telegraph reported. However, all of the agency’s UFO reports will be ___32___ this year on “a dedicated web page,” a spokesperson for the British Royal Air Force (RAF) told The Telegraph.The decision came after PA Media, a British news agency, filed a request for the UFO files under a/an ___33___ on information, according to The Telegraph. MoD officials decided “it would be better to publish these records, rather than continue ___34___ documents to the National Archives,” the RAF spokesperson said.The U.K.’s ___35___ with UFOs began around 1950, urging the MoD to form the Flying Saucer Working Party to ___36___ the phenomenon, according to the U.K. National Archives. UFOs in the early 1950s even captured the attention of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who sent a memo to his air minister in 1952 ___37___, “What does all this stuff about flying saucers amount to? What can it mean? What is the truth?”The flying saucer group concluded that UFOs were delusions (错觉) or ___38___ objects, recommending “that no further investigation of reported mysterious phenomena in the air be___39___.” Nevertheless, other MoD divisions continued the work of official UFO investigation in the U.K.After MoD enacted a policy change on Dec.1st, 2009, the agency no longer recorded or investigated any UFO ___40___, according to the report. But what they did find—including many recent UFO reports that were previously available only as hard copies—will be published online within the next few months, said Nick Pope, a former UFO investigator for the MoD.31—35 FAECG 36—40 DIKJH5.Wearing shoes can weaken ankle bonesYour shoes are changing your feet. The ankles of people who 31wear shoes are different to those of people who tend to walk barefoot. In many industrial societies, people tend to wear shoes from a young age. However, many people around the world often go barefoot, or wear only very thin footwear.“We know that there are some 32 in the feet of modern humans, due to the use of shoes,” says Rita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy. But most 33 findings relate to the front and middle of the foot. She and her team have focused on the ankle instead. They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 34from North America, Africa and Europe. These 35sandal-wearing (穿凉鞋的) Nguni farmers in southern Africa, people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter-gatherers.The hunter-gatherers’ ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities, and there were other differences in the shape. “They are mostly related to footwear-related behaviours and movement behaviours,” says Sorrentino. The hunter-gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land. Their ankles were relatively 36. In contrast, people who live in big cities, who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads, had more unbending ankles.Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person’s life, and there is no evidence that these alterations canbe passed on 37.According to Sorrentino, 38 evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10,000 years. For instance, a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300years old. Early shoes were all fairly soft, so wouldn’t have 39 the motion of the ankle much.It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages, but Sorrentino 40 that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking.31-35 CKFED36-40 ABIGJThe series, which is celebrating its 50th anniversary this month, has the highest percentage of adult viewers of any children’s show. It has been televising lessons (31) ________ for youngchildren on everything from letters and numbers, healthy eating, and diversity and inclusion. For as long it’s been on the air, research on the show has (32) ________ demonstrated that it’s a highly effective educational tool.According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, media (33) ________ can be beneficial for young children, especially when they are shared with parents or caregivers. This is something that “Sesame Street” (芝麻街) has understood since its debut. Part of the show’s winning formula is not just its appeal to children — often with repetitive lessons, fast-paced editing and a(n) (34) ________ interesting style. The show’s ability to encourage adults to watch TV along with their children, known as co-viewing, is a large part of why the series remains a success.As an associate professor of Communication Studies at West Virginia University, I study Entertainment-Education, the practice of (35) ________ educational messages in entertaining media formats — such as popular TV shows, comic books or video games. The best way to attract people of all ages and cultures to messages that leave them better informed is to (36) ________ those messages into the media that they are naturally attracted in order to relax and have fun.In the 1990s, an experiment conducted by educational psychologist Gavriel Salomon demonstrated that the learning differences between underprivileged children and more (37) ________ children could be reduced when a parent co-viewed the show with them.One of the remarkable things about the study was that co-viewing was a(n) (38) ________ for children’s learning because their parents’ mere physical presence is enough to intensify emotions and enhance enjoyment.Years later, studies continued to uncover the benefits of parent-child co-viewing and parental involvement remains one of the key (39) ________ of "Sesame Street" educational strategy. In fact, the show is reported to (40) ________ the highest number of adult-child co-viewing experiences of any children's show, with nearly 50% of its viewers being over the age of 18.The show serves as a generational bridge. Parents of today’s preschoolers enjoy reliving some of their own memories of growing up watching "Sesame Street."No one can be happy and cheerful forever. So it’s important they see a mental-health __31__ who can provide effective options for treatment when someone has clinical depression known as the state of feeling very sad, anxious and without hope. But there’s also a condition known as subthreshold depression in which someone __32__ some symptoms of depressive disorder, but not enough for a clinical diagnosis.It’s estimated that between 10% and 24% of the population has this kind of mild depression at some point in their lives. And for those people, a new study suggests that practicing thinking __33__ in silence may help improve their mood and reduce their risk of developing depression. The study, published in the Annals of Family Medicine, __34__ yet another reason why deep thinking may be good for both physical and mental health.The study included 231 Chinese adults with subthreshold depression, meaning their __35__ between five and nine out of a total of 27 points on a standard depression __36__. Half receivedmindfulness training two hours a week for eight weeks, while the other half continued to receive their usual medical care.During the mindfulness training, participants were instructed on setting short- and long-term goals; __37__ their activity and mood; planning out their activities; and body scanning. They were asked to practice them at home at least six days a week.These techniques combine traditional deep thinking with __38__ activation, a type of therapy that uses an “outside in” approach to help people change the way they act and aims to increase rewarding experiences in their lives. It has been shown to be effective for moderate to severe depression in other studies, and the researchers wanted to know if it would work as a __39__ measure as well.At the end of those eight weeks, the group that received mindfulness training reported a significant decrease in depression and __40__ symptoms compared to the group that did not. And no participants had developed clinical depression.31.D 32. H 33. K 34. A 35. F 36. B 37. J 38. C 39. I 40. E8.徐汇区Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009.A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35 killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks 36interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially37activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instructi on: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39their。

2019-2020 年高考英语高频词必及练101.effect n．效果，作用；影响have an effect on 对⋯⋯有影响(have a/an ＋adj . ＋effect on...)have some/little/no effect on 对⋯⋯有些/ 一点/ 没有影响in effect 实际上，事实上；有效take effect 见效，开始起作用；( 法律或规)生效，开始实行e into effect 实行，实施，生效be of no effect 无效cause and effect 因果注意：虽然表达“对⋯⋯有影响”用have an effect on ，但表示“有很大/ 小影响”用have much/little effect on ，而不用many/few 。

The medicine had a good effect on me.那种药对我有良好的功效。

The advertising campaign didn't have much effect on sales.这些广告攻势对销售额没起到大作用。

The medicine quickly took effect.这种药很快就见效了。

affect/effect/influence 辨析(1)affect 仅作动词，可以用于以下三种情：①对某人或某物产生不良的影响，通常以被影响的人或物作为宾语。

作“影响”讲时，及物动词，当于短语have an effect on 。

Hot weather affects his health.炎热的天气影响着他的健康。

②作“使改动，使变化”之意讲时，属中性词，没有好之。

He wasn't affected by the news.他听了这消息后无动于。

③感动。

His speech affected the audience deeply.他的演讲深深地打动了观。

(2)effect 通常指使某人或某物得以改进和变化，强调造成一种特殊的后果。

高三二模语法填空及十一选十(1)选词填空改编为十一选十It is important that scientists be seen as normal people asking and answering important questions. Good, sound science depends on (1)______experiments and reasoned methodologies. It requires a willingness to ask new questions and try new approaches. It requires one to take risks and experience failures. But good science also requires (2)_______ understanding, clear explanation and concise presentation. Our country needs more scientists who are willing to step out in the public (3)_______ and offer their opinions on important matters. We need more scientists who can explain what they are doing in language that is (4)_______ and understandable to the public. Those of us who are not scientists should also be prepared to support public engagement by scientists, and to (5)_______ scientific knowledge into our public communications.Too many people in this country, including some among our elected leadership, still do not understand how science works or why robust, long-range investments in research vitally matter. In the 1960s, the United States (6)_______ nearly 17% of discretionary (可酌情支配的) spending to research and development, (7)_______ decades of economic growth. By 2008，the figure had fallen into the single (8)_______. This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own research capabilities.At the University of California (UC), we (9)_______ ourselves not only on the quality of our research, but also on its contribution to improving our world. To (10)______ the development of science from the lab bench to the market place, UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.【答案】GBACI DKEJF(2)长篇阅读改编为六选四--part3When it comes to the hyper-connected（超高速连接的）super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy（不安的）about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized（定制的）solutions that companies need to improve their services. (1)____________.Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very（真正的）heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of “Why do I need that?”~or, perhaps more tellingly（更显著地）, “Why do you need to know that?”dogs（长期困扰）the steps of many new ventures（投资项目）. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example—an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. (2)____________. And the survey found flat demand（萎靡的需求）for fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒温器)and connected home cameras, as well.(3)____________. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions（联邦贸易和联邦通信委员会）, this year’slist of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportation Secretary（交通部部长）Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator（联邦航空管理局局长）Michael Huerta, to talk about drones. Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. “There is an incompatibility（不兼容性）in the rate at which these are advancing relative to（与...比较起来）the way we，re-digesting it,” he said. “(4)____________. We have to understand and think about the implications（含义）, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them.”【答案】CDBE（3）仔细阅读改编语法填空Passage OneThe Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year (1)_______(herald) a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs. Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders,” causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while (2)_______(incur) few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders,” who are suffering from the climate change impacts (3)_______ having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of (4)_______ are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker isfortunate enough (5)_______(smoke) in good health.The Pairs agreement (6)_______(hail) widely as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice”(7)_______ be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below” 2℃ is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges (8)_______(submit) by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement (9)_______ we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide (10)_______ they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.【答案】1.heralded 2.incurring 3.despite 4.which 5.to smoke 6.has been hailed 7.can 8.submitted 9.if 10.whetherPassage TwoTeenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹灯) sign. Their risky behaviors---drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school---(1)_______ alert parents and teachersthat serious problems are brewing.But a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的)lifestyle.Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy. Because their behaviors usually (2)_______(not see) as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors. “In some ways they’re at greater risk of falling (3)_______ the cracks,” say researcher Vladimir Carli. “(4)_______ most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors.”The study’s authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and truancy (逃学). Their aim was (5)_______(determine) the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.About 58% of the students demonstrated (6)_______ or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the “invisible risk” group, scored high on three in particular: They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected “other healthy activities.” The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, (7)_______(compare) with just 4% of the low-risk group.(8)_______ the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.The findings caught Carli off guard. “We were very surprised,” he says, “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large---nearly one third of our sample---(9)______ is became a key finding of the study.”Carli says that one of (10)_______(significant) things about his study is that itprovides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.【答案】1.can 2.aren’t seen 3.through 4.While 5.to determine 6.none pared 8.But 9.that 10.the most significant。

2019届高三英语二模汇编——十一选十1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.The Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control MachinesTechnologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, theterm is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cyclingaccident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This 31progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulatemuscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his armusing the power of thought. His intention to move is 32 in neural(神经的)activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and33 into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. Butbrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear(耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by 34 sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “35 ” data into monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are 36 . Both America’s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text 37 . Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on neurotechnology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and with machines, or acquire 38 abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.These powers, if they ever materialise, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new 39 . Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural 40 in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for signs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.答案：31-40 JFAHG BDKCI难度：偏难解析：本文为说明文。

备战 2020 上海高考2019 年上海高三英语一模考试11 选 10 题汇编（2019 宝山二模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a properword given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word thanyou need.A. accessingB. nonessentialC. apparentD. technologyE. assignedF. contactG. particularly H. addiction I. associated J. automatically K. contributingWhen was the last time that you dialed a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you've been using31like a cellphone. While some generations can recall thedays of memorizing phone numbers, it's possible that members of Generation Z have never had toremember a single32. Why is this? Because smartphones offer quick and convenient waysfor storing and33information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn't without consequence. As digital devices develop, more and more users' heavy reliance on them may be having disabling effects. "Digital dementia (失智 )" is the term being used by medical professionals to identify some of these effects.Some professionals like Jim Kwik,an expert in memory improvement and optimal brain performance, are taking a closer look at this effect. Kwik describes digital dementia like this: "...we're34our brains to our smart devices. We're so reliant on our smartphones that our smartphones are making us stupid. As medical studies chart the decline in memory and cognitive skills among smartphone users, a connection is made between symptoms35with dementia."The seriousness of overuse becomes36when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. Author and speaker Simon Sinek points out that young minds "Are not readyfor it! Their minds cannot cope with the of screens and sounds lead to 37dopamine ( 多巴胺 ). " Consequently, the overstimulation more often than not. So now parents, teachers andmanagers are asking how to handle the influx (汇集 ) of young people with this kind of addiction.First, monitor your cellphone use. Keep downloading applications like Forest or Checky.Then cut back on any38usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you shoulduse your phone.Determine39areas for cellphone use. For example, while you're at home, only allowyourself to check your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time inbetween tasks isn't 40 filled with staring at your screen.（2019 崇明二模） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a properword given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more thanyou need.A. signB. wreckC. scheduledD. inappropriateE. exactF. initiativeG. tragedy H. repeat I. categorized J. accommodated K. unclearTitanic II Could Sail as Soon as 2022If you thought the long -delayed project to launch a full -size copy of the ill -fated Royal Mail Ship Titanic was sunk in the water — think again. Just like Celine Dion sang back in 1997, the travel project will“ go on and on.”Australian businessman and politician Clive Palmer, who is behind the31, announced in September that work on the ship had started again. The idea was first floated in 2012. It is saidthat the new ship will be a(n)32copy of the infamous ship, which sank in 1912 following acrash with an iceberg (冰山 ).To avoid a(n)33disaster, Titanic II will apparently be equipped with plenty of life boats, modern navigation(导航 ) and radar equipment. The first voyage,however, will takepassengers from Dubai to New York, reports CruiseArabia, with the first sailing34to takeplace in 2022. Blue Star Line says the nine-decked ship will be home to 835 cabins, and 2,435passengers will be35. You’ ll be able to buy first-second- and third -class tickets— just like in the original.Meanwhile tourists with plenty of money might soon have the chance to dive to the36 of the original Titanic. American company OceanGate has planned diving trips for 2019, costing$105,129 per person.Of course, the original Titanic voyage ended in 37 , with over 1,500 people losing their lives.For many, voyages to the original ship are in bad taste. Steve Sims, founder of The Bluefish,said earlier in 2018 that he doesn’ t see diving to the original38 one. asRealistically, it39’ s whether Titanic II will ever see the light of day— or whether the diving tours will happen soon. But one thing is for certain, more than 100 years after the Titanicfirst and only voyage, global interest in this ship shows no40of slowing down.（2019 虹口二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Eachword can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. scaleB. engagedC. disastrousD. hotspotsE. targetF. victimG. interwovenH. inevitableI. continuousJ. resolveK. riskyWhy Bike Theft Is Not Taken Seriously?For many people a bicycle is the only transport they can afford and it is very convenient forthem to use. Therefore, the impact of the loss of their bike can be __31__. But why is cycle theftso often seen as a minor crime?According to the police, 96,210 bikes w ere stolen in 2018, and about one in 50bicycle -owning households fall __32__ to cycle theft each year. Those who can afford a secondbike might have a “ beater ” , a cheap bike they leave in __33__ areas, and can afford to lose thosewho cannot make both ends meet, and live below the poverty line will find themselves cornered by biketheft.According to a survey for Bike Register, 50% of victims felt police didn ’investigate the crime, while those __34__ in cycle theft see it as low risk in terms of being caught. Police recoverjust 3% of stolen bikes. In fact, the problem is almost certainly much greater: People often donreport it thinking there ’nothings the police can do, so the full __35__ of the problem remainshidden.Cycle crime hotspots were identified as Cambridge, Oxford, Southampton, Bristol, etc. Most cycle thefts occur near or in people ’ s homes, but thieves also __36hubs (transport中心，枢纽 )and university campuses. In the meantime, the police have come up with a way to __37__ the issue.Training 23 officers in regional cycle crime taskforces is part of a national cycle crime strategy,__38__ with measures like education on safe locking techniques, working with websiteswhere more than half of stolen bikes are sold, and identifying cycle theft __39__ and priorities.If a bike is stolen, there is about a 20% chance the victim will not replace it, losing theirtransport, exercise, and potential access to local communities and service. It is widely acceptedthat police’ s __40__ effort is fundamental to a drop in cycle theft.（2019 黄浦二模） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.A. processedB. increasingC. applicationsD. typingE. interpretingF. reflectedG. injected H. transforming I. connections J. remarkable K. superhumanThe Next frontier: Using Thought to Control MachinesTechnologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is justified.Mr. Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet has managed to feedhimself by his own hand. This31progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in hisright arm, which stimulate muscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr. Kochevar can controlhis arm using the power of thought. His intention to move is32in neural （神经的） activityin his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and33into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)like the BrainGate system used by Mr.Kochevar provide evidence thatmind -control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard andseen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain.Over 300,000 people have cochlear（耳蜗的）implants,which help them to hear by34sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have35“ data into“monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and thescale of its ambition are36. Both America’ s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text37. Kernel, a startup, has $100m tospend on neuroethology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink;he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence,it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and withmachines, or acquire 38abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.These powers if they ever materialize, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new39. Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural40in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for sighs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.（2019 嘉定二模） Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more wordthan you need.A. picturingB. separatedC. vary F. vast G. roughly H. mythicalD. celebrationI. delicatelyE. complicatedJ. stress K. distinguishingThe United Nations’series of“ language days”are designed to promote the use of the sixofficial languages of the UN as well as to celebrate cultural and linguistic diversity（语言多样性） .Chinese Language Day is the 20th April. It’ s a time chosen to fit in with the Chinese31 of Guyu （古语）, which honours Cangjie –the four -eyed 32 figure who is traditionallyunderstood to have created Chinese characters in the time of the Yellow Emperor, 5000 years ago.Mandarin（普通话）is the most-spoken language in the world, with over 1.5 billion speakers.When most people think of “ Chinese ”it is, Mandarin that they are33. But MandarinChinese is far from the only variant of the Chinese language — orthe only language spoken inChina. In fact, there are a great number of Chinese languages. Remember— this is a country which is both very large and very, very old.Different regions are within the34expanse ofterritory,that is, China can be35not only by great distances but also by broadlygeographical features such as mountain ranges.It is hard to guess how many dialects actually exist. In general, dialects can be36classified into one of the seven large groups: Putonghua (Mandarin), Gan,Kejia(Hakka),Min,Wu, Xiang, and Yue (Cantonese). Each language group contains a large number of dialects.Understanding the situation is37by the fact that, while many Chinese people indifferent geographical areas of the country may not understand each other when they speak theirregional dialect, they may share the same written language even if their pronunciation of differentcharacters within that language may_____38_____.A ____39____ feature across all Chinese languages is tone. For instance, Mandarin has fourtones and Cantonese has six tones. Tone, in terms of language, is the pitch (高音 ) in whichsyllables ( 音节 ) in words are spoken. In Chinese, different words ___40____different keys. Somewords even have pitch variations in one single syllable.（2019 长宁二模） Directions : Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. marginalB. personalC. slidingD. promiseE. countedF. gapsG. profits H. distributed I. relief J. maturing K. levelingBad News for Apple; Good News for HumanityWhen Apple cut its revenue estimate（收益预期） for the last quarter of 2018 because ofunexpectedly slow sales of iPhones, markets trembled. The company ’ share price, which hadbeen (31)________ for months, fell by a further 10% on January 3rd, the day after the news cameout. Apple’ s suppliers’ shares were also hit.Analysts assume that the number of smartphones sold in 2018 will be slightly lower than in2017, the industry’first ever annual decline. All this is terrible news for investors who had(32)________on continued growth. But step back and look at the bigger picture. That smartphonesales have peaked, and seem to be (33)________off at around 1.4 billion units a year, is goodnews for humanity. The slowdown is actually the result of market saturation ( 饱和 ),which hitsApple the hardest because, despite a relatively small market share (13% of smartphone users), itcaptures almost all of the industry’ s (34)________. But Apple’ s pain is humanity’ s gain. that the benefits of these magical devices are now so widely(35)________is something to becelebrated.Now many phones are used for longer than three years,often as hand-me-downs.Replacement cycles are lengthening as new models offer only(36)________improvements. Soeven with flat sales, the longer (37)________ between upgrades mean people who already havephones benefit. For all but the most addicted device fans, the slowing pace of upgrades comes as awelcome (38)________.Does that mean innovation is slowing?No. As computers become smaller, still more(39)________and closer to people’ s bodies, many technicians expect that wearable devices, fromsmart watches to AR headsets, will be the next big thing. Even so, finding another product with thescope of the smartphone is a tall order. The smartphone holds its (40)________ as the devicethat will make computing and communications worldwide. The recent slowing of smartphone sales isbad news for the industry, obviously. But for the rest of humanity it is a welcome sign that atransformative technology has become almost universal.（2019 静安二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Eachword can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. involveB. strategicallyC. delicateD. shameE. weaknessesF. sensitivityG. superiorH. occasionalI. encounterJ. cluesK. collapseFor several decades, various types of artificial intelligence kept shocking the world. robotscould ___31___ people in highly competitive games and them quickly destroyed their humancompetitors.AI long ago mastered chess, the Chinese board game Go and even the Rubik’ s cube, which it managed to solve in just 0.38 second.Now machines have a new game that will allow them to ___32___ humans: Jenga, the populargame in which players ___33___ remove pieces from an increasingly unstable tower of 54 blocks,placing each one on top until the entire structure would ___34___.A newly released video from MIT shows a robot developed by the school’ s engineers playing the game with surprising accuracy. The machine is equipped with a soft gripper （夹子） , aforce -sensing wrist and an external camera, allowing the robot to detect the tower’ s ___35_ way a human might do.Unlike in purely recognitive tasks or games such as chess or Go, playing the game of Jengaalso requires mastery of physical acts such as pushing, pulling, placing, and arranging pieces. Itmust ___36___ interactive physical operation, where you have to touch the tower to learn how andwhen to move blocks.Imitating it is rather difficult, so the robot has to learn in the real world, by working with thereal Jenga tower. Recently, a relevant research was published in the journal Science Robotics.Researchers say the robot demonstrates that machines can learn how to perform certain taskssignificant, researchers say, because it provides further proof that robots can be used to perform___39___ tasks, such as separating recyclable objects from landfill trash and assembling consumer products.In a cellphone assembly line, the felling of any component is coming from force and touch rather than vision. To become an accomplished Jenga player, the robot did not require as much repetitive practice as you might imagine. Hoping to avoid reconstructing a Jenga tower thousands of times, researchers developed a method that allowed the robot to be trained on about 300 games. Researchers say the robot has already begun facing off against humans, who remain ___40___ players -- for now.2019 年上海高三英语一模考试11 选 10 题汇编（ word 包含答案）（2019 浦东二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Eachword can be used only once. Not that there is one word more than you need.A. regionB. initiativeC. sticksD. domesticE. priorityF. shrinkingG. solidH.matters I. classic J. expanding K. indefinableUNIQLO’ s founder tries to find a way to beat Zara and H&MWhen asked what guides his vision of UNIQLO, Tadashi Yanai, its founder and chief executive, pulls off the shelf the 1987 autumn/winter collection catalogue of Next, a mass-marketBritish retailer. All of the clothes are so ___31___, he says, that they could be worn today. WhileZara of Spain and H&M of Sweden follow fashion trends without having any original thought,UNIQLO of Japan ___32___ to timeless basics.Mr. Yanai has a/an ___33___ base at home from which to develop into his Westerncompetitors ’ main markets of Europe and America. But instead his ___34___ remains Asia.is the engine of growth today,” he says, pointing to the millions of consumers across the ___35___ who are reaching the middle class. UNIQLO will open its first shop in India this year and isconsidering ___36___ into Vietnam and other countries (it has already opened networks of shops in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand).The success or not of UNIPLO’ s overseas operations ___37___ greatly to investors athome. Fast Retailing since 2015, Analysts’ s shares---Mr. Yanai owns just over 20% of the firm --- have been rising estimate, largely owing to its international expansion and improvedlogistics（物流）. At home the firm is closing stores because the population is ___38___. Last year UNIQLO’ s international profits overtook its ___39___ sales for the first time and its foreign operation profits almost equaled its Japanese equivalent.Though they are very different markets, Europe and America offer a cautionary tale.9 / 15America remains ___40___ for UNIQLO both there and in Europe. However, Mr. Yanai, anenthusiastic fan of globalization, is confident that he can guide UNIQLO through the changes needed.（2019 普陀二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Eachword can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. determinedB. entitledC. officiallyD. seekingE. versionF. establishmentG. rejectedH. variousI. completelyJ. pricedK. absorbedThe Historical Change of Reader’ s DigestDuring World War I, Mr. DeWitt Wallace was wounded in a battle. During his recovery in the hospital, he read a lot of magazines and (31) ___________ a lot of interesting information. At thesame time, he also found that few people had time to read so many magazines that he realized theidea of excerpting ( 摘录 ) these articles and publishing them.He was (32) ___________ to publish a pocket magazine they called Reader’ s Digest with his wife Lila Acheson. They opened an office downstairs in an illegal hotel in Greenwich Village,New York, and spent only $5,000 in capital and began (33) __________ subscribers. After aperiod of hard work, the first volume was (34) __________ published on February 5, 1922. Itspurpose is to inform the readers in daily life and give the readers entertainment, encouragementand guidance. The first article, (35) ___________ How to Stay Young Mentally , was one and a halfpages long.In 1920, he put (36) ____________ selected articles into Reader ’Digest samples and displayed them to major publishers in the United States. He hoped that someone would be willingto publish them, but they were all (37) ___________. Mr. Wallacedid not give up and decided to publish it himself. He worked athome with his wife, and finally published the first issue of Reader ’s Digest in February 1922. The first was printed in 5,000copies, (38) ___________ at 25 cents, and sent to 1,500 payment10 / 15subscribers by mail. By 1935, the circulation of Reader’ s Digest had reached one million copies.The Chinese (39) ___________ of Readerfirst editor-in-chief was Lin Taiyi, the daughter of ’ s Digest was first published in March 1965. The Mr. Lin Yutang, master of literature. InNovember 2004, Reader’ s Digest and Shanghai Press and Publication Bureau announced the (40)__________ of a long -term publishing cooperation.（2019 青浦二模） Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Eachword can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. forgottenB. hesitateC. initialD. marineE. marvelousF. leisurelyG. sources H. specific I. symphony J. tapped K. witnessedTouring CenotesMy parents and I traveled to Mexico to visit my grandparents last summer, and we visited thecenotes (say-NO -tays), the natural swimming holes located on the Yucatá n Peninsula. The term“ swimming hole ” might make you think that cenotes are just average, but cenotes are truly __31__. Ihad the most exciting experience of my life exploring these wonders of nature.Thousands of years old, the cenotes formed and created sinkholes underneath. Though theancient Mayans (玛雅人 ) used the cenotes as water __32__, people can now swim, dive, take photographs, and admire local trees and __33__ life, all through water as clear as liquid diamond.In Cenote Azul, my parents, my grandparents, and I swam through water that seemed too blueto be real. I __34__ countless younger kids diving into the water from a small cliff, but I dared not tojump at first. I finally worked up the courage, and my __35__ try instantly put all my worries to rest.A few days later, we went to Cenote Ponderosa. We stayed in the sun -covered pond, wherewe __36__ floated while others did diving and took underwater photographs. Being surrounded by avalley of trees made everything else in the world seem to disappear.Grutas de Loltú n were definitely the most magnificent of all the cenotes, even though therewas no swimming involved. Grutas are caves, and the Grutas de Loltúaren among the biggestcaves on the entire Peninsula. Our guide, Carolina, walked us through several caves, where wesaw many drawings thousands of years old on the cave walls! Just one brief look at thosedrawings made me feel like I had stepped back in time to a(n) __37__ era of history. Our groupthought Carolina was joking when she claimed she could make the stalagmites(石笋 ) sing for us,but when she __38__ them, we heard what sounded like the words“ Lol” and“ Tun”—the nam the caves! I cannot imagine that a(n) __39__ played at a concert at Carnegie Hall would have beenany better.Mexico ’ Yucats á Peninsula is filled with beauty, but the cenotes are a one-of-a-kindopportunity to commune with nature in a way that is impossible anywhere else on Earth, and Iwould not __40__ to do it all again.2019 年上海高三英语一模考试11 选 10 题汇编（ word 包含答案）（2019 松江闵行二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen fro^ the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. apply G. optionsB. supposedH. natureC. accurateI. sensitiveD. consumeJ. addressE. existingK. willingnessF. maintainA recent troubling study showed that“ fakenews”spread significantly faster, deeper andmore broadly than the truth, and the effect is even more remarkable when regarding news asopposed to reporting on natural disasters, finance or science. So how can we encourageindividuals to seek____31____ online content? Leading scholars are trying hard to deal with thisquestion.Processing new information requires a considerable mental effort, especially ^when thatinformation seems to conflict with your ___32_____ worldview. It takes the ____33____ to admityou may be wrong. But with a great amount of conflicting information available, who’ sto saywhat ’ s actually true and what’ s false? If you can’ t tell, why not just make life easy and go with what supports your current beliefs?So what ____34____ do we have? Many suggest that we can, ____35____ the issue byreforming adult behavior, but this is aiming too far from source. An alternative solution is usingearly education to help individuals recognize these problems and ____36____ critical thinking tothe information they deal with. Currently, there is a push in the US to include Internet informationclasses into primary and secondary school curriculums. The movement, which has received somesupport, aims to make fact -checking seem like second ____37____ to individuals at an early age.Primary and secondary school are ___38_____ to be supplying students with the skills they2019 年上海高三英语一模考试11 选 10 题汇编（ word 包含答案）need to develop into productive and informed members of our society. As our society develops,the curriculum we are teaching our students needs to develop as well.The Internet is an amazing tool, but to use it most effectively we have to accept its benefitswhile also understanding the ways in which it makes us dangerously ____39____. If students arestill learning the practices such as writing in school, shouldn ’they be learning how to____40____ the Internet responsibly as well?（2019 徐汇二模） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Eachword can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. declineB. investedC. scratchingD. harvestE. farmersF. barelyG. occurrence H. implementation I. unmarketable J. adjustments K. enemiesLike many people acting on the desire to eat healthy and local, Acropolis resident EduardoJimenez decided to plant a garden in his backyard. He ploughed the soil, he planted the seeds, and heeven set up a fence to keep out the deer. Eduardo did everything right. Or so it seems. However,when (31) _____ time has come, he has not one tomato, bean, or leaf of lettuce to show for hishard work. How did this happen? The answer comes in the form of a small, brown, particularlysmelly insect: the stink bug.Unlike their picky cousins, stink bugs feed on some 300 species of plants, including figs,blueberries, corn, and kiwi fruits as well as soybeans, peas, and weeds. Although they do littledamage to the plant itself, they make the fruits and vegetables (32) _______. For this reason, stinkbugs pose the most serious threat to the big agriculturalists and macro farm operators. Macrofarmers have more (33) _______ in their produce, and therefore have more to lose. Whilehobbyists like Eduardo are left to face the disappointment of an unsuccessful garden, macrofarmers are forced to live with the loss of entire tracts of cash crops—a fact that has left ma _______ able to clothe their children or put food on the table.Last season alone, several New Jersey pepper farmers saw 75% of their crops damaged.Pennsylvania lost half of its peach population, and, according to the US Apple Association, applefarmers in the mid -Atlantic states lost $37 million. This year could be worse. As a result of this(35)_______ in the supply of fresh fruits and vegetables, shoppers have seen (36)_______ — sometimes quite dramatic—in prices at the grocery store. Prices of apples in Maryland。