Discovering Useful Structures学案-高中英语人教版(2019)必修第二册
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1 Unit 5 Music
Discovering useful structures
课型：新授课 课时：1课时
班级:________ 姓名:________
【教学目标】
1. To be familiar with the function of past participles as the predicative and the
adverbial
2. To learn to express feelings and describe situations
3. To use past participles freely in their communication
【语法精讲】
过去分词作表语
一、过去分词作状语的位置
总是在系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态或感受。
例：1.The store is now closed. 商店已关闭了。
2.The novel is well written. 这部小说写得很好。
二、用法
1. 过去分词可放在连系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态, 相当于一个形容词。
例：(1) Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.
(2) Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.
常见的作表语的形容词有：amused, broken, closed, astonished, crowded,
experienced, delighted, lost, gone, disappointed, worried, interested, tired,
pleased, satisfied, surprised, married, known等。
2. V-ed作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别:
V-ed作表语，强调主语的特点或状态，相当于形容词;被动语态中，句子主系动词类型
be动词（am，is，are）
表感官（feel，look，smell，sound，taste）
表似乎（seem，appear），
表变化（get，become，turn，grow，make，come，go，fall，run）
表保持（remain，keep，stay，stand，lie）
2 语是动作的承受者，后面常跟by。
例：The library is now closed．(状态)
The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday．(动作)
有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。
be dressed in; be lost in; be devoted to; be supposed to; be located in; be buried
in; be compared with; be seated; be prepared for; be determined to do; be tired
of; be absorbed in; be born in; be occupied in
3. V-ed与V-ing作表语的区别：
过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。
We are ____________(interest) in the film./ The film is ____________ (interest)
to us.
Michelle sounded __________(excite) to hear the news./ The news sounded
__________(excite).
三、即学即练
1. ______ (seat) at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
2. _______ (dress) in her most beautiful skirt, the girl tried to make herself
_______ (notice) at the party.
3. When I found it, I was both ________ (amaze) and delighted.
4._______________ (disappoint) at the examination results, the top student sat
there in stony silence.
5.__________(devote) to the Party, the young soldier gave his life for his country.
6.________(face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for
advice.
7. When he heard the ________ (move) story, he was deeply __________ (move).
8. From the ______（please） expression on his face we can guess he has passed
the driving test.
9. ________(lost) in the forest, the boy burst into tears.
10. You may be _______ (worry) if you have a __________ (worry) problem.
过去分词作状语 3 一、过去分词作状语
过去分词表示完成或被动，作状语时，表示动作发生的背景或者情况，在意义上相当于一个状语从句，其省略的主语（逻辑主语）是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在被动关系。过去分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、原因、让步等。过去分词的否定式是将not放在其前面。
1.时间状语
Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful．
→When it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful．
2.原因状语
Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
→Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
3.条件状语
Given more time, we will do better.
→If we are given more time, we will do better.
4.让步状语
Even if invited, I will not take part in the party.
→Even if I am invited, I will not take part in the party.
5.方式或伴随状语
The old man walked in the park, supported by his wife.
→The old man walked in the park and was supported by his wife.
→→Summary:
1. 作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句。
2. 作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。
3. 作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because等引导状语从句。
4. 作方式或伴随状语 ，则可转换为and并列结构。
5. 作让步状语 ，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。
二、注意事项:
1. 过去分词作状语: 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。
现在分词作状语:现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。
例：Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden.
Seen from the hill, the city looks like a big garden. 4 2. 过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如：when, while,
if, though, as if, unless, until等，以使句意表达得更清楚。
例：Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten.
When asked why she came here, the girl kept silent.
3. 有些过去分词(短语)来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost (迷失的), seated (坐),
hidden (隐藏的), lost/absorbed in (沉浸于), dressed in (穿着)等。
例：Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell.
三、高考链接
1. Nervously ______ (face) with challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the
two simple words “Be yourself”. (2019高考北京卷改)
2. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ___________ (develop)
after great effort. (2014四川卷)
3. Around 13500 new jobs were created during the period, ___________
(exceed) the expected number of 12000 held by market analysts. (2018江苏卷)
4. _________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time.
(2016北京卷)
5. ____________ (absorb) in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
